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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth services. Informal caregivers provide vital support to family and friends. Studying telehealth among informal caregivers is crucial to understanding how technology can support and enhance their caregiving responsibilities, potentially enhancing telehealth services for them as well as their patients. The present study aims to nationally investigate telehealth utilization and quality among informal caregivers. Methods: This cross-sectional investigation employed the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) dataset. Informal caregivers, telehealth variables (utilization, good care, technical problems, convenience, and concerns about infection exposure), and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, education, health insurance, and census regions) were identified based on questions in the survey. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were employed to calculate odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values. Results: Significant disparities in telehealth utilization were detected among informal caregivers (N = 831), when telehealth users were compared to non-users. Those aged 50–64 (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.20–0.65) and 65+ (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21–0.74) had significantly lower odds of using telehealth than those aged 35–49. Men had significantly lower odds of telehealth utilization (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25–0.87). Black caregivers compared to Whites had significantly lower odds (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.24–0.99), while health insurance increased odds (OR = 5.31, 95% CI = 1.67–16.86) of telehealth utilization. Informal caregivers who used telehealth were more likely to be perceived as good telehealth caregivers if they had no telehealth technical issues compared to caregivers who had (OR = 4.61, CI = 1.61–13.16; p-value = 0.0051) and if they were from the South compared to the West (OR = 2.95, CI = 1.18–7.37, p-value = 0.0213). Conclusions: For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we have nationally investigated telehealth utilization and quality among informal caregivers. Disparities in telehealth utilization among informal caregivers are evident, with age, gender, race, and health insurance being significant determinants. Telehealth quality is significantly influenced by technical problems and census regions, emphasizing the importance of addressing these aspects in telehealth service development for informal caregivers.

For the first time, we present co-registered autofluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography (AF/OCT) of excised human palatine tonsils to evaluate the capabilities of OCT to visualize tonsil tissue components. Despite limited penetration depth, OCT can provide detailed structural information about tonsil tissue with much higher resolution than that of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and Ultrasound. Different tonsil tissue components such as epithelium, dense connective tissue, lymphoid nodules, and crypts can be visualized by OCT. The co-registered AF imaging can provide matching biochemical information. AF/OCT scans may provide a non-invasive tool for detecting tonsillar cancers and for studying the natural history of their development.

Objectives: To study the relationship between demographics and attachment styles among adult children of alcoholic fathers. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Private Rehabilitation Centers, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan to Apr 2020. Methodology: A sample of almost equal participation of both genders (202 males and 198 females) were included in the study. Two measuring tools were used, a Demographic questionnaire and the Adult Attachment questionnaire. Results: Chi-square test indicated that attachment style was significantly associated with age [p < 0.001], education [p < 0.001], and birth order [p < 0.001], However, gender [p =0.374] and number of siblings [p=0.876] were not significantly associated. Conclusion: There is a relationship between attachment styles and associated demographics of adult children of alcoholic fathers. Based on these findings, the alcoholics and their families could be educated, an intervention plan could be developed, and literature could educate the masses about alcoholism and its impact on children.

Background: Alcoholism is a growing problem in Pakistan. Problems related to alcoholism affects the family members especially children of alcoholics who are likely to have biased perceptions of parental practices which in turn affects their attachment patterns. Objective: To analyze the differences in perceptions of parental practices across three attachment styles namely avoidant, anxious/ambivalent, and secure attachments of the adults who are children of alcoholic parents. Method: The study is a correlational research design with a sample of 330 participants selected through purposive sampling technique. The participants were adults who are children of alcoholics from nuclear family systems, whose fathers were admitted in a rehabilitation center for the treatment of alcoholism for the second time. Results: MANOVA computed to examine differences in perception of parental practices across attachment styles was significant [F(12, 632) = 53.130, p < .001, Pillai's Trace = 1.003, partial eta squared = .501], indicating that those with different attachment styles perceive parental overprotectiveness, emotional warmth, and rejection differently. Conclusion: Perceptions about parental practices for father can be linked with alcoholism, while for mother the perceptions about parental practices are a product of attachment mainly. Implications: The findings can be used to devise counseling and therapeutic plans for adults who are children of alcoholics and help in educating them about the condition of alcoholism.

Purpose: The current study examined the impact of demographic correlates such as socio-economic status, family structure, resources, pre-existing physical and mental health conditions, and the home environment on the psychological distress reported by adolescents during a lockdown period. Design/Methodology/Approach: It was a correlational study that followed the cross-sectional research design. Through purposive and convenient sampling adolescents were approached and 158 participants aged 18-27 years (M = 18.89, SD = 1.83) completed an online survey. The survey consisted of a demographic information sheet, medical history form, and DASS 21. Findings: Results indicated that psychological distress, anxiety, and depression were significantly positively correlated with socioeconomic status. There was a negative correlation between distress and the availability of house help. The data show a strong positive relationship between distress and having a pre-existing medical condition and even stronger correlations when family members have such conditions. Implications/Originality/Value: This data is relevant for teachers and administrators who are actively involved with these young adults at a personal or systemic level, as well as for college counselling centres to create supportive spaces for mental health care during the pandemic.

Penelitian ini mengangkat sebuah kisah nyata kehidupan seorang mahasiswa Indonesia yang kuliah Imam Katip High School di Turki, yakni Teuku Akbar Maulana. Suatu hari godaan berat muncul dan hampir mengubah jalan hidupnya. Ia nyaris bergabung dengan Negara Islam Irak dan Suriah (ISIS) di Suriah, mengikuti jejak temannya.Salah satu faktor ketertarikannya bergabung dengan ISIS adalah propaganda di media sosial berupa penayangan anggota ISIS memegang dan menggunakan senjata.Atas dasar itu, Teuku Akbar Maulana mempersepsikan bahwa jihad itu identik dengan senjata dan sebagainya.Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan mengungkapkan beberapa kesalahan Teuku Akbar dan pelajar Indonesia lainnya dalam memahami makna jihad sesungguhnya.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkap bentuk-bentuk disorientasi makna jihad yang terkandung pada komik jihad selfie. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan kualitatif, yaitu suatu metode untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang objektif terhadap variabel yang diteliti yang kesimpulannya berupa prediket. Penelitian kualitatif sering disebut penelitian naturalistik karena penelitiannya dilakukan pada kondisi yang alamiah (natural setting). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah semiotika Roland Barthes.Semiotik adalah ilmu tentang tanda-tanda. Semiotik dapat didefinisikan sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari sederetan luas objek-objek, peristiwa-peristiwa, dan seluruh kebudayaan sebagai tanda.[1] Sedangkan tanda didefinisikan sebagai sesuatu yang atas dasar konvensional sosial yang terbangun sebelumnya, dapat dianggap mewakili sesuatu yang lain. Semiotik dapat digunakan untuk meneliti bermacam-macam teks. Teks disini adalah isi media yang tampil dalam wujud apa saja, seperti tayangan televisi, berita surat kabar, konser musik, film, iklan, fasion, fiksi, puisi, dan drama.[2]Untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini, maka peneliti menggunakan metode dokumentasi. Metode dokumentasi adalah metode yang digunakan dengan cara mencari data mengenai hal-hal atau variabel yang berupa catatan, transkrip, buku, surat kabar, majalah, prasasti, dokumen, notulen rapat, agenda, dan sebagainya.[3]Kemudian penulis menganalisis kata demi kata, kalimat demi kalimat, dan wacana yang terdapat pada komikJihad Selfie. Analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah teks-teks yang berkaitan dengan disorientasi makna jihad yang terdapat di dalam komik Jihad Selfie. Langkah-langkah analisis yang akan dilakukan peneliti adalah mendeskripsikan data yang diperlukan dari komik Jihad Selfie. Kemudian, data yang berupa teks tersebut dibaca secara kualitatif deskriptif. Tanda yang digunakan dalam komik lalu akan diinterpretasikan sesuai dengan disorientasi makna jihad, sehingga makna novel akan dapat dipahami baik pada tataran pertama (denotatif), maupun pada tataran kedua (konotatif). Secara umum hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat disorientasi makna jihad pada diri Teuku Akbar Maulana dan pelajar-pelajar Indonesia lainnya yang bergabung dengan ISIS. Beberapa bentuk penyimpangan makna jihad diantaranya sebagai berikut; (1) Jihad identik dengan senjata, (2) Dengan memegang senjata dan atribut militer lainnya akan terlihat seperti anggota TNI bahkan legih gagah dari anggotaTNI (3) Jihad bisa membawa pelakunya mengelilingi kota-kota di Timur Tengah, (4) Terdapat berbagai fasilitas yang mewah bagi para mujahid.

The emergence of positive psychology has been a comparatively new perspective yet it has helped many to change the focus from the disease, pain and negative aspects of life to more on happiness, success and positive aspects of life. The purpose of this research study was to examine the relationship of optimism, academic achievement and self-esteem. Through random sampling, 300 students were selected from one of the private universities in Pakistan. In order to measure the variables, Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOTR), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) along with the Demographic Form were used. Correlation research design was used. The data that was collected through random sampling was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation. According to this research study, significant relationship was found across self-esteem and academic achievement, whereas the relationship between optimism and selfesteem and academic achievement was not significant. Results were discussed in light of previous researches. It was found that people who belong to individualistic culture are more optimistic than collectivistic culture.

The objective of the study was to ascertain the relationship between workplace bullying, resilience and feelings associated with job satisfaction. The study was conducted in a university setting amongst the university academic staff. The data was collected from administrative staff at a private university in Pakistan. Three questionnaires along with the demographic profile were used to measure the variables. The questionnaires used were: Work and Meaning Inventory (Steger, Dik & Duffy, 2012), Brief Resilience Scale (Smith, Dalen, Wiggins, Tooley, Christopher, & Bernard, 2008), and Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised (Einarsen, Hoel & Notelears 2009). Descriptive and Inferential Statistics were done. The results indicated a weak correlation between the variables under study i.e., workplace bullying, resilience and job satisfaction. The results are discussed in light of review of the literature. There are myriad implications of the study, for example to make people in workplace setting aware of workplace bullies and to make laws to control it so that the workers can enjoy a healthy and positive work environment.

Background: In the wake of the worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus and the resultant restrictive measures, mental health has become a crucial issue. Physical health is not the only aspect of humans that is at risk. Globally, the rates and severity of mental illness are being significantly impacted by this pandemic. Two scales have been validated to measure the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the levels of anxiety and obsessional thinking in clinical and non-clinical populations. The present study was designed to investigate the levels of anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19 in the general public of Lahore, Pakistan.Materials and Methods: Data were collected via snowball sampling from May 9 to May 19. An online survey consisting of a demographic profile and two scales, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), was sent through email, WhatsApp, and Facebook groups to adults (18 years and above) of Lahore, Pakistan.Results: A total of 240 individuals (20% men and 80% women) recorded their responses. The majority belonged to a nuclear family system (60%), and their education level ranged from high school to Ph.D. The cut-off score for probable dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety and obsession levels was not met within this sample (CAS, M = 3.24, SD = 4.21; OCS, M = 4.14, SD = 3.15), suggesting that the general population of Lahore, Pakistan is not suffering from dysfunctional anxiety or obsessions related to COVID-19. Forty-seven participants' score on OCS and 35 participants' scores on CAS were above the cut-off, i.e., ≥7 and ≥9, respectively. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship (**p < 0.619) between anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19.Conclusion: One important, yet surprising, conclusion of this study is that the average adult in Lahore does not show much anxiety or obsessions related to COVID-19. Other studies around the world using these measurement tools have indicated significantly high levels of both anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19. These findings may demonstrate the resilience of Pakistanis or perhaps the lack of understanding of the seriousness of the situation.

Background: There is a pressing need to study life satisfaction in the context of collectivistic culture, particularly of undergraduate students. Various socio-cultural factors influence the level of emotional intelligence and grit of an individual. Even though a wide array of research on life satisfaction is available, it hasn't been studied in relation to grit and emotional intelligence (as conceptualized by Bar On), both of which can be acquired and enhanced over time. To the best of researcher's knowledge, a research that collectively studies emotional intelligence, grit and life satisfaction in the context of a collectivistic culture has not been carried out Method: The study discusses the relationship between emotional intelligence (as conceptualized by Bar-On), grit and life satisfaction. Scales employed to investigate the relationship between each of the constructs include Scale of Emotional Intelligence (SEI), 12-item Grit scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). 350 undergraduate students were selected through random sampling. Statistical analyses included Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of correlation, Independent Sample t-test, one-way between group analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression. Results: The study concludes that the two constructs, i.e. emotional intelligence and grit, are weakly related to life satisfaction, r(348)=.25, p

Free and easy accessibility of interactions among individuals over the internet has increased its popularity. With the growing usage and demand of social sites among individuals many researchers have focused on the causes that can be relevant to excessive internet usage. The current study explored the relationship between the Big Five Personality Traits, Attachment Styles and how these two variables may enhance vulnerability towards Internet Addiction. A total of 150 participants were selected from a private university of Pakistan. Correlational research design was used. To measure the variables The Big Five Personality Inventory (John & Srivastava, 1999), Relationship Scale Questionnaire (Shvil, 2011) and Internet Addiction Test (Lacon, Rodgers & Chabrol, 2014) were used. The results indicated a relationship between personality traits and Internet Addiction but significant results were not found between Attachment Styles and Internet Addiction. The current study has been focused of much research around the world especially in regard to Internet Addiction but in Pakistan very few studies have been conducted. The researcher wants to contribute her work to help see how much cultural difference is reflected in the results of the study and since it is a worldwide concern and is directly affecting societal behavior it was relevant to study this topic. Moreover the results were discussed in the light of literature review.

Propagation as a pillar of Islam in conveying God's revelation must be interpreted broadly, not just propaganda materials related subject matter (tawhid) but also about the preservation of nature and the welfare of the people (society). Forests should be managed jointly between the public and the government that maintained continuity, while people living in the vicinity to prosperous. This research is field research field with qualitative research type, research method used is action research or action study with participatory approach, this approach emphasizes the importance of dialogue process in research. In this case can be seen how the concept of da'wah in the maintenance and empowerment of communities around the forest in Kerinci district