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Introduction. The impact of traumatic experiences has always been a part of human life. According to Judith Herman, an American psychotherapist, and professor at Harvard Medical School, "traumatic events overload a person's usual strategies for adapting to life, his usual security systems that give a sense of control, connection, and meaning." Also, traumatic events, for the most part, contain close personal contact with violence and death and pose a threat to life or physical integrity. For almost one year of the war, Ukrainian society faced a large number of negative phenomena capable of causing severe psychological trauma: disruption of the usual lifestyle, loss of family friends, and property, lack of many vital needs for a person, forced migration, uncertainty, a constant threat for health and life, etc. The purpose of the study was to analysis of scientific and literary data reflecting the history of the formation of the concept of "post-traumatic stress disorder" as a nosological unit, as well as the peculiarities of its manifestation and prevalence, diagnostic criteria. Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted in the main electronic medical databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and processed publications that studied the history of the formation of "post-traumatic stress disorder" as a nosological unit, the features of its manifestation and prevalence. diagnostic criteria. Eligible studies were identified using keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, psychotraumatology, trauma, physioneurosis, history of medicine. All types of articles were reviewed, including original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Review and discussion: For a long time, there was a stigmatization of combat-related disorders in society. The path to the development of PTSD as a psychiatric diagnosis is long and thorny. After the World War II, there was an urgent need to introduce a standard unified nomenclature that would enable doctors from all over the world to have a common language for discussing the psychopathology of this disorder, establishing a diagnosis and determining disability. Over 60 years, starting in 1952, when the American Psychiatric Association (APA) introduced the concept of "brutal stress reaction" in its first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-I) and up to 2013 (DSM-5) formation of post-traumatic stress disorder as a nosological unit was taking place. Conclusions: Despite the non-acceptance, stigmatization, indifference and other difficulties, PTSD finally achieved official status in the recognized list of diagnoses.

Introduction.According to scientific data, unemployed, lonely and students are most prone to procrastination. And what about teachers, in particular, higher education institutions? There is not enough data in the available literature. As practice shows, in the case of teachers, procrastination or postponement can manifest itself in the form of stress caused by failure to fully realize goals and plans vital to the individual. Negative consequences are expressed both in reduced work capacity and in acute emotional experiences of one's own failure, dissatisfaction with the results of one's work. The aim of the study .was to investigate and evaluate the level of anxiety, depression and the nature of manifestations of procrastination among teachers of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University during the period of altered psycho-emotional state during forced social distancing in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social functioning and quality of life. Materials and methods: The survey was voluntary and anonymous. The research was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University and conducted according to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. We used two clinical test methods to identify emotional disturbances: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (Zigmond A.S. et.al.,1983; Svanborg P., 2001). In order to assess the degree of expressiveness of the propensity to postpone matters "for later" among the surveyed teachers, we created a special Google questionnaire created on the basis of data."Questionnaire to study the propensity of the individual to procrastination" (Shivari ,O.A., 2015), which is a modification of the "General Procrastination Scale" (Lay, C., 1986) and consists of two scales: "Personally conditioned procrastination scale" (Scale I) and "Situationally conditioned procrastination scale" (Scale II). Scale I indicates the general level of procrastination, and Scale II - motivational procrastination, its high indicators suggest that the questionnaire will perform some work only in the presence of motivation. In addition, in order to assess the quality of life, the data of "The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire - Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF)" were evaluated. (Endicott J; Rapaport MH; Clary C; Fayyad R). The statistical analysis of the results was performed using STATISTICA 7.0 software packages and the package of statistical functions of Microsoft Excel. Results and discussion: Were interviewed 214 teachers of various departments of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University: 174 (81.6%) women, 40 (18.6%) - men. 58 interviewees (27.1%) worked at theoretical departments, 156 (72.9%) – at clinical departments. The analysis of the results of the survey according to the «Personally conditioned procrastination scale» showed that 32 (14.9%) of the teachers interviewed by us have had a low, 96 (44.8%) - medium, and 86 (40.3%) - a high level of personal tendency to procrastination. Data of "Situationally conditioned procrastination scale"showed that 54 (25.2%) have had a low level of situational procrastination,76 (35.5%) - medium and 84 (39.3%) - high, respectively.Based on the results of the survey on the HADS scale, a normal level of anxiety-depressive symptoms (0-7 points on a scale) was found in 9 (15.5%) workers from the theoretical departments and in 52 (33.3%) - clinical departments. According to the data of the conducted questionnaire according "The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire - Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF), the least satisfied respondents were by daily functioning, present depressed mood, inability to perform housework efficiently and to spend leisure time interestingly, engage in hobbies or even perform professional duties. Conclusions. The complex of research methods made it possible to comprehensively consider procrastination as a model of the behavior of the subjects and to determine the factors influencing its occurrence during the period of changes in the psycho-emotional state caused by forced distancing in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic and to study the relationship of procrastination with the level of quality of life (from the point of view of satisfaction and enjoyment of life). The main reasons for procrastination were dominated by: lack of motivation to work; stress, as a result of uncertainty and fear of the future; laziness; limited "live" communication and an excess of virtual, external distractions. It is noteworthy that among teachers this phenomenon is not limited to academic procrastination, in most cases everything is fine in this cluster, but more often it extends to homework, interpersonal communication, social and personal life. Attention is drawn to the fact that among teachers this phenomenon is not strictly limited to academic procrastination, but extends to household tasks, interpersonal communication, social and private life.

Introduction: The fact that learning is moving online is probably a disappointment to most medical students. This is especially true for middle and senior students, in whom most disciplines are clinical and focus on practical work with patients. During the period of forced social distancing and online learning in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, such a common way of learning became impossible. All these changes obviously affect the mental health of medical students, who are already at risk for such phenomenon as procrastination and disorders as anxiety and depression. Purpose: Investigate and evaluate the level of anxiety, depression, and the nature of the manifestation of procrastination in medical students Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Training Foreign Citizens (FTFC) of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University (IFNMU) in a period of altered psycho-emotional state during the period of forced social distancing and its impact on academic performance. Methodology: 212 medical students were interviewed. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. We used two clinical test methods to identify emotional disturbances: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (Zigmond A.S. et.al.,1983; Svanborg P., 2001). In order to assess the propensity of students to procrastinate, we also used the "Questionnaire to study the propensity of the individual to procrastination" (Shivari ,O.A., 2015), which is a modification of the "General Procrastination Scale" (Lay, C., 1986) and consists of two scales: "Personally conditioned procrastination scale" (Scale I) and "Situationally conditioned procrastination scale" (Scale II). The statistical analysis of the results was performed using STATISTICA 7.0 software packages and the package of statistical functions of Microsoft Excel. Results and Discussion: During the testing, students note that the most important problem for them is time management. The analysis of the results survey by "Personally conditioned procrastination scale" (Scale I) "showed that 15% of the students have a low, 47.5% - medium, 37.5% - high level of personal propensity to procrastination. The analysis of the results "Situationally conditioned procrastination scale" (Scale II) showed that 25% of students have a low level of situational procrastination, 37.5% - medium and 37.5% - high, respectively. The study of the relationship between the level of propensity to procrastination (Scale I) and academic performance in medical students showed that in the group with low procrastination the success rate is higher than in groups with medium and high procrastination (r = -0.58; p

Introduction: Eating disorders - a class of psychogenic behavioral syndromes associated with eating disorders. The class of these disorders includes anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, compulsive overeating, as well as several other disorders, which are included in the international classification, to section F 50-F 59. Purpose: The purpose of our study is to trace the dynamics of individual eating disorders in patients with various mental illnesses under the influence of corrective therapy. Methodology: Were examined 77 patients with various mental diseases who have had eating disorders. The first (I) group included 33 patients. They have added Metoclopramide at a dose of 20 mg/day to the main treatment. The second group (II) - 44 patients who received the drug Ondansetron at a dose of 4 mg/day, respectively. The condition of all patients was assessed according to the following scales: Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), 36-Item Short-Form Health Status (SF-36). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to study the dynamics of weight. All examinations of patients were performed at the beginning and after 14 days of treatment. Results: According to the EAT-26 scale the average score in the I group was 29 ± 2.8 points, and in the II - 30.1 ± 2.4, respectively. According to the SF-36 questionnaire, the average total score in the I group was - 69.5 ± 1.8 before treatment, 79.5 ± 1.6 - after treatment improved by 12.5% (p

Introduction. In the case of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) on the background of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) causes an even more significant deterioration in the QOL, including sleep disturbances and the onset of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Thus, the study of the peculiarities of GERD on the background of connective tissue dysplasia and determining the impact of comorbid pathology on the QOL of patients with GERD is a topical issue in internal medicine. It has significant socio-economic significance. We believe that monitoring the most important variables that affect the quality of life of patients with GERD can help raise public awareness in this regard. In addition, it can guide the health care system to address these issues. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to increase the awareness of medical workers about the scale of the problem and ways to solve it. to study the features of the dynamics of quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease comorbid with connective tissue dysplasia under the influence of the proposed complex therapy. Methodology. 120 patients were included: 65 men and 55 women. In 75 of them (Study Group) GERD was in the background of UCTD, in 45 (?omparison Group ) - developed as an independent disease. The Study Group was divided into three groups. ?omparison Group - 45 patients with GERD without UCTD, received basic standard therapy, which included PPI "Panocid" 40 mg once a day and alginate-antacid formulation (Gaviscon Double Action Liquid) 20 ml, 3 times per day after meals and before bedtime. I Group - 25 patients with GERD +UCTD, which to the standard basic therapy was added "Magne-B6" for 2 tablets 3 times per day. II Group - 25 patients with GERD +UCTD, which to the standard basic therapy was added "Calcium-D3 Nicomed" 1 tablet 3 times per day. III Group - 25 patients with GERD +UCTD, who used the drug "Magne-B6" 2 tablets 3 times per day and "Calcium-D3 Nicomed" 1 tablet 3 times per day on the background of standard basic therapy. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Status (SF-36), the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), and the scale of "Personal and social performance" (PSP) - were used to study patients in detail. A comprehensive examination of patients was performed twice: before and after 30 days of comprehensive treatment. Results and Discussion. Under the influence of the basic therapy in Comparison Group the General Health (GH) improved by 33.03%. While in the groups on the background of complex treatment is increased by 42.52% in patients of the I Group, by 13.10% in patients of the II Group, and 46.28% in patients of the III Group (p1, p2, p3

Introduction. We live in time of rapid technical development. And this in turn contributes to the formation of a technical approach to the doctor-patient relationship. The rapid and easily accessible flow of information, excessive awareness of patients sometimes complicates compliance - the cooperation of the doctor with the patient (Mandal, J., et.al., 2016 ). In world practice, compliance is considered excellent when the patient follows 75% of the doctor's instructions. In addition patient safety is a persistent issue in public health that has taken a new connotation in the contemporary sanitary context (Façanha, T. R.et.al., 2019). Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to investigate what qualities a doctor of the 21st century should have from the point of view of a modern patient in order to improve compliance, cooperation of the doctor with the patient. Methodology. The survey was completely anonymous and voluntary. If the answer is yes, the patient had to choose from the proposed options the one that would most fully reflect his needs. In order to exclude subjectivity and systematic errors, the survey was conducted in various medical institutions of Ivano-Frankivsk. We interviewed 120 patients: 75 (group I) were hospitalized, 45 (group II) - outpatient. The special questionnaire developed by us consists of 30 questions, which are grouped into groups, each of which reflects certain qualities: competence and personal experience of the doctor; review features; the ability to explain to the patient the essence of the disease; appearance.Some items of the questionnaire were: "Does age or gender of the doctor matter to you?"; "Did you have problems with" doctor's handwriting "? Did it in any way affect your cooperation with the doctor on the way to better health? ? ». Results and Discussion. The study found that among the main qualities of the doctor, 88% of patients of group I and 80% of group II distinguish competence and professionalism; 42.66% vs 46.5% - attention; 60.0% vs 53.2% - patience and kindness; 90.6% vs 80.0% - the ability to easily and informatively answer questions of concern to the patient. The distribution of the qualities of the doctor and the manifestation of the need for them among the studied patients are shown in Figure 1. Significantly fewer patients focused on the doctor's appearance or age. Significantly fewer patients focused on the doctor's appearance or age. However, there has been a trend: most respondents prefer middle-aged female doctors. Causal analysis of the problem of poor handwriting of doctors showed the following data: 42.6% of patients of group I and 53.2% of group II complained of poor handwriting of doctors. And 6.6% and 2.2%, respectively, consider it illegible. According to the patients, they had the experience of buying and even using drugs issued incorrectly in the pharmacy due to the "medical handwriting" of 5 patients of group I and 1 patient of group II. However in the conditions of inpatient treatment this problem was quickly solved thanks to good cooperation of the doctor-nurse. It is almost impossible to control the same problem in the conditions of outpatient reception. Practical value. The results of our study were successfully implemented in the educational and scientific process of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology at Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University and can be used in lectures and workshops on occupational therapy and rehabilitation, medical psychology, the psychology of creativity, general, pedagogical psychology, pedagogy, sociology, philosophy, etc. Conclusion. The results of the study are statistically processed and allow to develop a model of the relationship between doctor and patient. It is possible that this study will promote better collaboration between physicians and patients. And medical students to think about what qualities should be nurtured in themselves for successful work

Introduction. According to the literature, mortality among patients with schizophrenia is 1.5 -2 times higher than in the healthy population. One explanation for this is the complication of neuroleptic therapy, which, according to various authors, occurs in 2 to 100% of cases. Purpose. We aimed to study some indicators of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with paranoid schizophrenia who have been taking neuroleptics for a long time, to correct the established changes by adding metformin hydrochloride to the standard regimen and to monitor its effectiveness. Methodology. The study was conducted based on Municipal non-commercial enterprise "Precarpathian regional clinical center of mental health of Ivano-Frankivsk regional council. This study included patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia according to the criteria of ICD-10 (F20.0). As a result of our studies in 63 patients, we found a violation of carbohydrate metabolism, which accounted for 52% of all examined. Among them, 55 patients with prediabetes: 12 (19.04%) patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 43 (68%) with impaired fasting glycemia (IFG), and 8 patients (12.7%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Subsequently, all these 63 patients were prescribed corrective therapy with a drug from the group of biguanides - metformin hydrochloride at a dose from 500 to 1000 mg/day: in violation of IFG at a dose of 500 mg/day; in case of IGT - 850 mg/day; in the case of T2D- 1000 mg/day. All studies were performed before and after 3 months of metformin correction. These included fasting glucose, postprandial hyperglycemia (PPG) (two hours after a meal), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAIc), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and, if necessary, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured by the glucose oxidase method. HbAIc values were determined by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The determination of the IRI level was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Results and Discussion. The results of the research showed that 52% of all surveyed found disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. They were prescribed corrective therapy with a drug from the group of biguanides - metformin hydrochloride at a dose of 500 to 1000 mg/day. As a result of the research, we found that in all groups of examined patients revealed a positive dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism under the influence of this drug. A significantly higher therapeutic effect of the treatment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders with metformin was found in patients receiving the latter in combination with haloperidol. The combination of metformin with risperidone and quetiapine showed a slightly lower clinical effect. Conclusion. Our own clinical experience gives grounds to recommend metformin hydrochloride as a medium for the correction of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with a paranoid form of schizophrenia in the treatment of this category of patients with neuroleptics

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many jurisdictions around the world embarked on a path towards the speedy digital transformation of their corporate governance regulations. Lithuania is one of the countries where electronic participation in the general meetings of shareholders was stipulated back in 2009. Based on the experience gained during the pandemic, this was substantially changed in November 2022. This development raises the question of whether these novelties will suffice, or whether the further enhancement of Lithuanian company law is required. Therefore, this article aims to study the regulation of electronic participation in corporate bodies in Lithuania in a comparative context and to suggest improvements. To achieve this goal, two EU jurisdictions were selected for comparative analysis: Estonia and Germany. In addition, two surveys were carried out among Lithuanian law firms: one in 2022 and the other in 2023. Our study shows that practitioners treat the new amendments as sufficient and effective, but some amendments regarding the identification and verification of shareholders would be welcomed.

The advancement of digital technologies leads to more legislative initiatives in this area. The 2018 draft law in Lithuania on the introduction of a virtual registered office was prepared but has not yet been approved and it is not clear whether it will be adopted. This article takes a closer look at the reasons for this, discusses the concept of a virtual registered office and analyses the future perspectives of its introduction. For this purpose, EU law as well as the laws of two jurisdictions, Lithuania and Estonia, are studied to evaluate the proper way in which this concept might be introduced. To this end, the concept of a registered office is assessed in more detail from different angles. The article proceeds with an analysis of the main functions of a virtual registered office and how they can be achieved: connection to applicable law and jurisdiction, and communication with third parties. Based on the above, the authors devise solutions and recommendations for EU law.