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El artículo presenta avances sobre la reconfiguración discursiva del concepto de nación y ciudadano en el marco de una investigación acerca de las representaciones sociales e identidades a partir de los discursos circulantes de la política educativa de bilingüismo en Colombia. Los postulados del análisis crítico del discurso (ACD) permiten realizar la aproximación conceptual y metodológica desde un corpus que incorpora secciones de algunas ediciones del periódico Altablero y de documentos conexos con el tema de la política de bilingüismo que han sido divulgados virtualmente por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN). Se analizan especialmente fragmentos textuales que promueven una asimilación sociocultural que se representa discursivamente en la concepción de la nación bilingüe como una aspiración legitimada y un bien cultural que requiere de ciudadanos bilingües como condición fundamental de pertenencia y aceptación en la nación proyectada y en lacomunidad global.

Light management via photonic nanostructured coatings sustains a broad set of possible solar energy conversion enhancements, alternatively to conventional texturing processes that deteriorate solar cells (SCs) electrical transport through charge carrier recombination losses. These coatings, composed of high-refractive index materials structured at the sunlight wavelengths scale, can improve SCs efficiency, avoiding surface texturing processes while still allowing high-performance light trapping (LT). Here, through a highly scalable colloidal lithography methodology, proposed titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanovoid coatings were patterned on conventional (250 μm) and thin (90 μm) flat crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers. These nanostructured coatings were also applied on textured (130 μm c-Si absorber), etched (140 μm) and flat (740 μm) c-Si interdigitated back contact solar cells (IBCSCs). The subsequent broadband absorption amplification was owing to the combined effects of (1) light scattering in near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths and (2) broad anti-reflection. With coated 250 μm c-Si wafers, a photocurrent density (𝐽𝑝ℎ) of 36.6 mA/cm2 was determined by absorption spectrum integration between 350 and 1200 nm. Approximately 84 % of the maximum theoretical 𝐽𝑝ℎ Lambertian LT limit is here attained with 669 and 693 nm of TiO2 thin photonic nanostructured coatings, respectively with the considered conventional and thin c-Si wafers. When integrated into test devices, outstanding optical improvements are attained without diminishing the original electrical performance by applying coatings with TiO2 thicknesses ≥ 545 nm. Unprecedent ~30 % of efficiency enhancement and 31.9 mA/cm2 of short-circuit current density (𝐽𝑠𝑐) are demonstrated with etched IBCSCs coated with 885 nm of TiO2 nanostructured coating. Additionally, unmatched optical angular acceptance is shown: 63 % of efficiency and 68 % of 𝐽𝑠𝑐 enhancements are respectively exhibited with 545 and 885 nm of TiO2 coatings for 80° of light incidence angle. Hence, with straightforward near-future integration in the established industry, a highly promising path for c-Si photovoltaic improvement is entailed. A gestão de luz mediante o uso de revestimentos nanoestruturados fotónicos sustenta um vasto leque de possíveis melhorias de conversão de energia solar, alternativamente a processos convencionais de texturização que deterioram o transporte eléctrico de células solares (CSs). Estes, compostos por materiais de elevado índice de refracção, podem elevar a eficiência de CSs, evitando texturizações enquanto possibilitam a captura de luz de elevado desempenho. Matrizes de nanocavidades de dióxido de titânio (TiO2) foram padronizadas por uma metodologia altamente escalável de litografia coloidal em bolachas de silício cristalino (c-Si) plano convencionais (250 μm) e finas (90 μm) e em CSs de contactos posteriores interdigitados (IBCSCs) texturizadas (130 μm c-Si), erodidas (140 μm) e planas (740 μm). A subsequente amplificação extensa da absorção deve-se à combinação dos seguintes efeitos: (1) dispersão de luz para comprimentos de onda do infravermelho próximo e (2) antirreflexão ampla. Com bolachas de c-Si convencionais, uma densidade de fotocorrente (𝐽𝑝ℎ) de 36.6 mA/cm2 determinada pela integração da absortância (350-1200 nm) foi conseguida. Aproximadamente 84 % do limite máximo teórico Lambertiano foi atingido com bolachas convencionais e finas revestidas com 792 e 693 nm de TiO2 nanoestruturado, respetivamente. Quando integrados em dispositivos de teste, a aplicação desses revestimentos com espessuras de TiO2 ≥ 545 nm conduziu a uma melhoria ótica substancial sem diminuir o desempenho elétrico original. Um aumento de ~30 % de eficiência e 31,9 mA/cm2 de densidade de corrente de curto-circuito (𝐽𝑠𝑐) são apresentados com IBCSCs revestidas com 885 nm de TiO2 nanoestruturado. É ainda demonstrada uma aceitação angular ótica incomparável: ganhos de 63 % de eficiência e 68 % de 𝐽𝑠𝑐, respetivamente com revestimentos de 545 e 885 nm de TiO2 nanoestruturado para um ângulo de luz incidente de 80°. Assim, com uma integração num futuro próximo na indústria, um caminho promissor para a evolução fotovoltaica em c-Si é implicado.

STUDY QUESTIONCan risks associated with novelties in assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) be assessed in a systematic and structured way?SUMMARY ANSWERAn ART-specific risk assessment tool has been developed to assess the risks associated with the development of novelties in ART (EuroGTP II-ART).WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYHow to implement new technologies in ART is well-described in the literature. The successive steps should include testing in animal models, executing pre-clinical studies using supernumerary gametes or embryos, prospective clinical trials and finally, short- and long-term follow-up studies on the health of the offspring. A framework categorizing treatments from experimental through innovative to established according to the extent of the studies conducted has been devised. However, a systematic and standardized methodology to facilitate risk evaluation before innovations are performed in a clinical setting is lacking.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONThe EuroGTP II-ART risk assessment tool was developed on the basis of a generic risk assessment algorithm developed for tissue and cell therapies and products (TCTPs) in the context of the project ‘Good Practices for demonstrating safety and quality through recipient follow-up European Good Tissue and cells Practices II (EuroGTP II)’. For this purpose, a series of four meetings was held in which eight ART experts participated. In addition, several tests and simulations were undertaken to fine-tune the final tool.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSThe three steps comprising the EuroGTP II methodology were evaluated against its usefulness and applicability in ART. Ways to improve and adapt the methodology into ART risk assessment were agreed and implemented.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEAssessment of the novelty (Step 1), consisting of seven questions, is the same as for other TCTPs. Practical examples were included for better understanding. Identification of potential risks and consequences (Step 2), consisting of a series of risks and risk consequences to consider during risk assessment, was adapted from the generic methodology, adding more potential risks for processes involving gonadic tissues. The algorithm to score risks was also adapted, giving a specific range of highest possible risk scores. A list of strategies for risk reduction and definition of extended studies required to ensure effectiveness and safety (Step 3) was also produced by the ART experts, based on generic EuroGTP II methodology. Several explanations and examples were provided for each of the steps for better understanding within this field.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONA multidisciplinary team is needed to perform risk assessment, to interpret results and to determine risk mitigation strategies and/or next steps required to ensure the safety in the clinical use of novelties.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSThis is a dynamic tool whose value goes beyond assessment of risk before implementing a novel ART in clinical practice, to re-evaluate risks based on information collected during the process.STUDY FUNDING / COMPETING INTEREST(S)This study was called EUROGTP II and was funded by the European Commission (Grant agreement number 709567). The authors declare no competing interests concerning the results of this study.

O diagnóstico diferencial entre Perturbação Espetro do Autismo (PEA) e Perturbação da Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção (PHDA) sempre foi um desafio. A precisão diagnóstica insuficiente contribui para a dificuldade da distinção, associado à alta comorbidade e similaridade. Recentemente, tem havido um aumento no número de publicações científicas referindo que a análise do conteúdo bacteriano presente no intestino, o microbiota, pode ser uma ferramenta diagnóstica fundamental nos distúrbios do neurodesenvolvimento. A presente revisão tem como objetivo confirmar a presença de comunidades microbianas intestinais específicas em cada uma dessas patologias, a sua relação com os sintomas da doença e o papel do microbiota no diagnóstico diferencial de PEA e PHDA. No entanto, no PEA e no PHDA é claro que existe uma relação entre cada uma das patologias individualmente e o microbiota. Esses distúrbios do neurodesenvolvimento têm muitos sintomas em comum, podem ocorrer isoladamente ou como co-morbilidades entre si, e os meios de diagnóstico existentes são todos subjetivos (critérios clínicos, escalas, questionários, etc.) não nos permitindo realizar um diagnóstico infalível. Assim, para distinguir estas patologias, é necessário um critério diagnóstico mais objetivo, como a análise da microbiota intestinal. The differential diagnosis between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has always been a challenge. Insufficient diagnostic accuracy contributes to the difficulty to distinguish them associated with high comorbidity and similarity. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of scientific publications referring that the analysis of the bacterial content present in the gut, the microbiota, can be a fundamental diagnostic tool in neurodevelopmental disorders. The present review aims to confirm the presence of specific gut microbial communities in each of these pathologies, its relationship with disease symptoms and the role of microbiota in the differential diagnosis of ASD and ADHD. However, in ASD and ADHD it is clear that a relationship between each of the pathologies individually and the microbiota exists. These neurodevelopmental disorders have many symptoms in common, they can occur separately or as a co-morbidity of each other, and the means of diagnosis existing are all subjective (clinical criteria, scales, questionnaires, etc.) not allowing us to make an infallible diagnosis. Hence, in order to distinguish these pathologies, a more objective diagnostic criterion is needed, such as the analysis of the gut microbiota.

Introduction: The health effects on population associated with fire outcomes has been widely recognized, especially in childhood. Between November 4th and 10th 2014, occurred a fire related with a ...

Estudo retrospectivo de 19 casos de fratura-luxação de Lisfranc tratados cirurgicamente no período de 1995 a 2003. O tempo de acompanhamento foi de 35 meses (variando de 4 a 97 meses). O tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado no dia do trauma em 14 casos, com média de demora de 4,78 horas. Ocorreram 5 lesões expostas (36,32%) e 5 pacientes foram vítimas de politraumatismo. O mecanismo de lesão mais freqüente foi o acidente motociclístico, seguido da queda de animais e de altura. Utilizou-se a avaliação funcional proposta pela AOFAS (The American Orthopaedic Foot And Ankle Society), que apresentou média de 77,53 (variou de 44 a 100). Houve relação entre a qualidade da redução obtida e o resultado do tratamento (p = 0,0449) e entre o fato do pacientes ser vítima de politraumatismo e um resultado inferior do escore AOFAS (p= 0.0143). Houve como complicação a presença de Osteoartrose em 8 casos (42,10%), confirmando-a como a principal complicação radiográfica destas lesões. Sua ocorrência foi analisada comparando-se com a qualidade da redução e com os diferentes tipos de lesão (exposta,lesão ligamentar ou fratura, se lesão isolada ou politraumatismo) não encontrando relação com significância estatística (p < 0,005). This was a retrospective study of 19 cases of Lisfranc fracture-dislocation surgically treated during the period of 1995 - 2003. The follow-up period was 35 months (range: 4 - 97 months). Surgical treatment was provided on the day of the injury in 14 cases, taking an average of 4.78 hours. There were 5 open injuries (36.32%) and 5 patients experienced multiple injuries. The most frequent mechanisms of injury were motorcycle accidents, followed by falls from animals, and high falls. The functional evaluation proposed by AOFAS (The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) was employed, which reported an average of 77.53 (ranging from 44 to 100). A correlation was found between the quality of the reduction achieved and treatment outcome (p = 0.0449), and between multiple traumas and poorer AOFAS score results (p = 0.0143). Complications such as osteoarthritis occurred in 8 cases (42.10%), confirming this as the main radiographic complication of these injuries. Its incidence was analyzed comparing the quality of the reduction to the different types of injury (open or closed, ligament injury or fracture, isolated injury or multiple injuries) not reporting any statistically significant correlation (p

Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2020-07-05T16:06:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Denise Scofano Diniz-dissertacao.pdf: 3062162 bytes, checksum: 9c1a51ecc7b94a74e206515b3137d7ce (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-05T16:06:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denise Scofano Diniz-dissertacao.pdf: 3062162 bytes, checksum: 9c1a51ecc7b94a74e206515b3137d7ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-09 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior This work has as object the trajectories of Hippocratic medicine in the Western medical thought. Through literature review of texts and documents aimed to understand how the concepts of life and the health-disease process starting from the same root, they were defining themselves in medical systems based on different paradigms. For this purpose, initially sought to survey and analyze the birth and development of Hippocratic medicine, with emphasis on his method of clinical observation and its therapeutic proposal. Then the analysis of history and dimensions of medical homeopathy and biomedicine rationality was carried out to evaluate the role of the concepts of physis, life and medicatrix vis naturae in each paradigm. In the approach of those concepts, Canguilhem and Jacob were the main theoretical support. Conclusions: For homeopathic medicine, as to Hippocratic medicine and healing the sick are equilibrium and disequilibrium that are part of the human life process and therefore also considered unique and individual. Hahnemann created one based on the recognition of the sick person as a unique, singular individual, endowed with self - sustaining and self - restorative and capacity, taking into account the idea of nature that manifests in every moment plural singularities and therefore the prescription is individualized drug therapy and mobilizing the medicatrix vis naturae. The homeopathic rationality shares the Hippocratic concepts both in their doctrine and in their diagnostic and therapeutic systems. Although biomedicine have their bases in the Hippocratic medicine , to become a "science of disease ", no longer shared the Hippocratic concepts that allow an approach of positive health and therapeutic approach based on the individual as a unique being . Homeopathy asserts a medicine that has as its central category of the category paradigm health and not disease, considered phenomena of life. Life thus valued, would stand in the way of "Big Health", stating in his creative and capable potential "transmute values." Este trabalho tem como objeto as trajetórias da medicina hipocrática no pensamento médico ocidental. Através da análise bibliográfica de textos e documentos, objetivou-se compreender como os conceitos de vida e do processo saúde-doença, partindo de uma mesma raiz, foram se definindo em sistemas médicos baseados em paradigmas distintos. Para tanto, inicialmente, procurou-se levantar e analisar o nascimento e desenvolvimento da medicina hipocrática, com ênfase em seu método de observação clínica e em sua proposta terapêutica. Em seguida, foi realizada a análise do histórico e das dimensões das racionalidades médicas homeopatia e biomedicina, avaliando o papel dos conceitos sobre physis, vida e vis medicatrix naturae em cada paradigma. Na abordagem dos referidos conceitos, Canguilhem e Jacob foram os principais apoios teóricos. Conclusões: para a medicina homeopática, tal como para a medicina hipocrática, o adoecer e o curar são processo de equilíbrio e desequilíbrio que fazem parte da vida do ser humano e, por isso, também considerados único e individuais. Hahnemann criou uma terapêutica baseada no reconhecimento da pessoa enferma como um indivíduo único, singular, dotado de capacidade automantenedora e autorrestauradora, levando em conta a ideia de natureza que se manifesta em singularidades plurais a cada momento e, portanto, a prescrição medicamentosa é individualizada e mobilizadora da vis medicatrix naturae. A racionalidade médica homeopática compartilha dos conceitos hipocráticos tanto em sua doutrina, quanto nos seus sistemas diagnóstico e terapêutico. Apesar de a biomedicina ter em suas bases a medicina hipocrática, ao se tornar uma ciência das doenças , não mais compartilhou dos conceitos hipocráticos que permitiriam uma abordagem de saúde positiva e de um enfoque terapêutico baseado no sujeito como um ser único. A homeopatia afirma uma medicina que tem como categoria central de seu paradigma a categoria saúde e não a doença, consideradas fenômenos da vida. A vida, assim valorizada, se colocaria no caminho da Grande Saúde , afirmando-se em seu potencial criativo e capaz de transmutar valores .