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Enterococci spp. are Gram-positive bacteria that cause mild to severe infections, many associated with the oral cavity, such as periapical infections and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Many of these infections become serious diseases that are difficult to resolve, specifically when multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains cause them. In recent years, the number of MDR strains of Enterococcus spp. has increased significantly. This increased prevalence of MDR strains produces significant pressure to generate more antimicrobial therapies, but there is a decline in the production of new antibiotics, driving the development of complementary therapies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT combines a photosensitizer agent (PS), light, and oxygen to cause photooxidative stress in bacterial cells. PDT can eradicate Enterococcus spp. contaminations, improve the classic cleaning processes, and eradicate the bacteria in dental pieces. PDT’s effectiveness can be improved with nanoparticles that function as carriers. Our work aims to describe the advances in PDT against Enterococcus spp. as a complement to antibiotic therapy, focusing on infections by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, dental hygiene, and using nanoparticles to improve the antimicrobial effect. A systematic bibliographic search without a meta-analysis was conducted on various databases, using inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify the most relevant research. Of the 193 non-redundant articles found, 65 were selected for a systematic review, from which a summary table was created and a manual description was made. Photodynamic therapy for treating E. faecium and E. faecalis is a widely studied area, with promising results concerning bactericidal effectiveness and reductions in biofilm formation, particularly in regard to dental hygiene. Because most of the studies were conducted in vitro or ex vivo, the results indicated that there were not sufficient data to initiate clinical trials for safety and efficacy studies on humans.

Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase (KPC+) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae are multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) with the highest risk to human health. The significant reduction of new antibiotics development can be overcome by complementing with alternative therapies, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDI). Through photosensitizer (PS) compounds, aPDI produces local oxidative stress-activated by light (photooxidative stress), nonspecifically killing bacteria. Methodology: Bimetallic Re(I)-based compounds, PSRe-µL1 and PSRe-µL2, were tested in aPDI and compared with a Ru(II)-based PS positive control. The ability of PSRe-µL1 and PSRe-µL2 to inhibit K. pneumoniae was evaluated under a photon flux of 17 µW/cm2. In addition, an improved aPDI effect with imipenem on KPC+ bacteria and a synergistic effect with cefotaxime on ESBL producers of a collection of 118 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae was determined. Furthermore, trypan blue exclusion assays determined the PS cytotoxicity on mammalian cells. Results: At a minimum dose of 4 µg/mL, both the PSRe-µL1 and PSRe-µL2 significantly inhibited in 3log10 (>99.9%) the bacterial growth and showed a lethality of 60 and 30 min of light exposure, respectively. Furthermore, they were active on clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae at 3–6 log10. Additionally, a remarkably increased effectiveness of aPDI was observed over KPC+ bacteria when mixed with imipenem, and a synergistic effect from 3 to 6log10 over ESBL producers of K. pneumoniae clinic isolates when mixed with cefotaxime was determined for both PSs. Furthermore, the compounds show no dark toxicity and low light-dependent toxicity in vitro to mammalian HEp-2 and HEK293 cells. Conclusion: Compounds PSRe-µL1 and PSRe-µL2 produce an effective and synergistic aPDI effect on KPC+, ESBL, and clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and have low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells.

Background: The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of health-associated infections (HAIs), whose antibiotic treatments have been severely reduced. Moreover, HAI bacteria may harbor pathogenic factors such as siderophores, enzymes, or capsules, which increase the virulence of these strains. Thus, new therapies, such as antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI), are needed. Method: A collection of 118 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae was characterized by susceptibility and virulence through the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amikacin (Amk), cefotaxime (Cfx), ceftazidime (Cfz), imipenem (Imp), meropenem (Mer), and piperacillin–tazobactam (Pip–Taz); and, by PCR, the frequency of the virulence genes K2, magA, rmpA, entB, ybtS, and allS. Susceptibility to innate immunity, such as human serum, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear cells, was tested. All the strains were tested for sensitivity to the photosensitizer PSIR-3 (4 µg/mL) in a 17 µW/cm2 for 30 min aPDI. Results: A significantly higher frequency of virulence genes in ESBL than non-ESBL bacteria was observed. The isolates of the genotype K2+, ybtS+, and allS+ display enhanced virulence, since they showed higher resistance to human serum, as well as to phagocytosis. All strains are susceptible to the aPDI with PSIR-3 decreasing viability in 3log10. The combined treatment with Cfx improved the aPDI to 6log10 for the ESBL strains. The combined treatment is synergistic, as it showed a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index value of 0.15. Conclusions: The aPDI effectively inhibits clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, including the riskier strains of ESBL-producing bacteria and the K2+, ybtS+, and allS+ genotype. The aPDI with PSIR-3 is synergistic with Cfx.

In this work, we introduce FANNG-MPC, a versatile secure multi-party computation framework capable to offer active security for privacy-preserving machine learning as a service (MLaaS). Derived from the now deprecated SCALE-MAMBA, FANNG is a data-oriented fork, featuring novel set of libraries and instructions for realizing private neural networks, effectively reviving the popular framework. To the best of our knowledge, FANNG is the first MPC framework to offer actively secure MLaaS in the dishonest majority setting. FANNG goes beyond SCALE-MAMBA by decoupling offline and online phases and materializing the dealer model in software, enabling a separate set of entities to produce offline material. The framework incorporates database support, a new instruction set for pre-processed material, including garbled circuits and convolutional and matrix multiplication triples. FANNG also implements novel private comparison protocols and an optimized library supporting Neural Network functionality. All our theoretical claims are substantiated by an extensive evaluation using an open-sourced implementation, including the private inference of popular neural networks like LeNet and VGG16.

Introducción. La medición de la dureza del frijol cocido en Costa Rica se realiza con un método sensorial y sin un método instrumental estandarizado. Objetivo. Determinar un posible método instrumental para la medición de dureza en frijol entero cocido, con base en un análisis de dureza de dos marcas de frijoles enlatados comercializados en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en el Laboratorio de Química de la Escuela de Tecnología de Alimentos de la Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, entre noviembre de 2019 y abril de 2020. Las mediciones de dureza se realizaron colocando cinco frijoles en un texturómetro de celda ajustable con una sonda cilíndrica (50 mm) a una velocidad de compresión de 1 mm/s, hasta alcanzar una compresión del 75 % del frijol. Los resultados de dichas mediciones se analizaron con un diseño de tratamientos factorial 2x2, donde los factores experimentales fueron la marca y el tamaño del envase. Los niveles en cada factor se consideraron como marca: A y B, y tamaño: 420 y 823 g. Luego se estimó la cantidad de repeticiones requeridas para asegurar una potencia de la prueba del 90 %. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el factor de marca, no así en el factor de tamaño de envase. Los resultados de potencia mostraron que con una potencia del 90 % es necesario realizar dieciséis repeticiones del análisis de textura. Conclusiones. El procesamiento específico de cada empresa influye en la textura final del frijol cocido. La metodología desarrollada permite llevar a cabo un análisis instrumental de la dureza del frijol con una potencia de la prueba del 90 % y un número de repeticiones de dieciséis.

En este artículo se muestra el desarrollo de un modelo conceptual del tipo new economics geography de dos ciudades; este modelo ayuda a analizar cómo la importancia relativa (peso) que los individuos asignan a las economías y las deseconomías de aglomeración afectan los lugares en los que se celebran actividades económicas. Se muestra que el peso asignado a las externalidades puede cambiar drásticamente la localización poblacional. Se ilustra la importancia de cuantificar la magnitud de estas externalidades, y cómo su incorporación simultánea en los análisis de sistemas urbanos puede evitar conclusiones engañosas.

In a highly competitive market, word-of-mouth (WOM) has become one of the most effective ways to attract new customers, as consumer opinions are seen as reliable and have a direct impact on their consumption habits. Based on this premise, the present study aimed to analyze the factors that influence fast-food restaurant consumers in Chile in their intention to share word-of-mouth information. A quantitative approach was adopted for this analysis, using a cross-sectional and correlational design, which included 739 Chilean fast-food consumers, who were given a 25-item questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed from previous research in the field and validated by a panel of experts in marketing and research. The data analysis was conducted using the statistical software Smart PLS 4, allowing for the evaluation of the model’s convergent and discriminant validity, as well as facilitating hypothesis testing through structural equation modeling. The results showed that the physical atmosphere of the restaurants generates both hedonic and utilitarian value for consumers, which increases their satisfaction and reinforces their intention to recommend these restaurants. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into consumer behavior, offering a solid foundation for strategic decision making that could enhance the positioning of restaurants in the market and create a loyalty cycle among customers.

Resumen: La coartación aórtica puede aparecer aislada o asociada a otras lesiones. La asociación más frecuente es la válvula aórtica bicúspide, que no suele ser problemática a corto-medio plazo, pero se asocia tardíamente a complicaciones en la aorta ascendente en la edad adulta. Existe una relación clara entre la dilatación aórtica y el síndrome de Marfan, la válvula aórtica bicúspide y la coartación de aorta, pero es rara la presentación de coartación aórtica asociada a disección de aorta. Se presenta un caso clínico de una mujer de 28 años que debutó con síndrome aórtico agudo tipo A, siendo diagnosticada de aneurisma de raíz aórtica asociado a válvula aórtica bicúspide y coartación aórtica. Se realizó un tratamiento híbrido en dos tiempos: primero, la cirugía emergente de la disección aguda de aorta y, en segundo lugar, el implante de stent de la coartación aórtica. La evolución fue satisfactoria. Abstract: Aortic coarctation may appear in isolation or associated with other injuries. The most frequent association is the bicuspid aortic valve, which is not usually problematic in the short-medium term, but is associated late with complications in the ascending aorta in adulthood. There is a clear relationship between aortic dilatation and Marfan's syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, and aortic coarctation, but the presentation of aortic coarctation associated with aortic dissection is rare. We present a case report of a 28-year-old woman who presented with type A acute aortic syndrome and diagnosis of aortic root aneurysm associated with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic coarctation. A two-stage hybrid treatment was performed: first, emergent surgery for acute aortic dissection and, second, stent implantation for aortic coarctation. The outcome was satisfactory.

COVID-19 caused a total halt in sport competition during 2020. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes between pre- and post-lockdown competitive periods in the players’ workload variables in competition. Seventeen professional football players were monitored using a WIMU PRO® inertial device throughout the 2019-20 season. Anthropometric and physical fitness were assessed with the aim to relate possible associations between these characteristics and the workload changes in the pre- and post-lockdown periods. During the lockdown, players carried out an 8-week guided self-training. There was a general decrement in the players’ physical workload demands in competition, and the parameters related to high-intensity actions as accelerations and decelerations (-8.96% [ES: 0.64] and -11.04% [ES: 0.77] respectively; p < .05), Ind HSR (-35.57% [ES: 0.92]; p = .002), HMLD (-8.58% [ES: 0.66]; p = .016), PLOAD (-7.03% [ES: 0.54]; p = .047) and Vmax (-3.80% [ES: 0.65]; p = .016) can be highlighted. The results showed high negative correlations between match workload variables prior to the lockdown and the percentage of change in these variables after the lockdown period. Individual percentages of change showed high variability in players’ changes. Individual self-training programs should be reviewed to minimize the impact of a “detraining” period in players’ physical performance during possible new lockdown periods.

Abstract This proposal presents an optimized, efficient and secure system designed to improve healthcare staff management in emergency situations through a complete tool to classify victims in a emergency situation according the severity of their condition, providing at the same time their location and the best route to reach them. The developed tool consists on a mobile application (assigned to medical and healthcare staff), a web service and Near Field Communication tags (assigned to victims). The mobile application supports secure communication among health staff and implements triage algorithms which result is stored in NFC tags. Apart from this, it helps to indicate which should be the next victim to be treated. The developed web service provides a global view of the emergency status and the current position of victims and staff. Data security is a key objective, overall in health applications; for this reason, tokens are used to protect the triage results before being stored in NFC tags, and the use of IDentity-Based Signcryption provides confidentiality and authentication to communications. Two different signcryption methods are used depending on the communication mode (peer-to-peer or broadcast mode).

Este artículo es producto de una investigación que buscó analizar la relación entre la aplicación de estrategias para la autorregulación y, el aprendizaje notorio y satisfactorio de la música, en los estudiantes de sexto grado del Colegio República Dominicana, de la localidad de Suba en Bogotá. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa y se tuvo un alcance exploratorio y descriptivo; se usaron dos instrumentos de recolección de datos: una encuesta a estudiantes y una entrevista semiestructurada a docentes. Los resultados evidenciaron que, la implementación de estrategias pedagógicas potenció en estos estudiantes su capacidad de autorregulación frente al aprendizaje de la música, activando de manera importante procesos metacognitivos y motivacionales que repercutieron en un empoderamiento activo que les permite asumir un papel mucho más protagónico en la construcción de saberes en esta área del conocimiento; todo esto fortaleciendo su autonomía y autoeficacia, y despertando más su deseo de aprender.

PURPOSEThe LUME-Lung 1 study has brought consistent evidence of the effective use of nintedanib in lung adenocarcinoma as a second line of treatment; however, differences among ethnicities have been found in some studies.METHODSThis was a retrospective review among 21 medical centers of 150 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, included in a compassionate use program of nintedanib from March 2014 to September 2015. The current study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of nintedanib in combination with docetaxel in the Mexican population, using progression-free survival rate and the best objective response to treatment by RECIST 1.1 as a surrogate of effectiveness. In addition, we examined the toxicity profile of our study population as a secondary end point.RESULTSAfter exclusion criteria, only 99 patients met the criteria for enrollment in the current study. From the total study population, 53 patients (53.5%) were male and 46 (46.5%) were female, with an average age of 60 years and stage IV as the most prevalent clinical stage at the beginning of the compassionate use program. A total of 48 patients (48.5%) had partial response; 26 (26.3%), stable disease; 4 (4%), complete response; and 16 (16.2%), progression; and 5 (5%) were nonevaluable. We found a median progression-free survival of 5 months (95% CI, 4.3 to 5.7 months). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions were fatigue (14%) and diarrhea (13%).CONCLUSIONNintedanib, as part of a chemotherapy regimen, is an effective option with an acceptable toxicity profile for advanced lung adenocarcinoma after first-line treatment progression.

La personalidad ha sido objeto de estudio y el abordaje más socorrito a través del uso de pruebas psicológicas debido a sus importantes aportaciones a la comprensión de las diferencias individuales, factores tales como las formas de afrontamiento, el rendimiento académico, la actitud cognitiva y el desempeño profesional son integrantes de la personalidad y al mismo tiempo son elementos que la reflejan. En estudios previos, se ha reportado la presencia de factores psicológicos característicos en alumnos de psicología, mismos que tienen un valor predictivo en su comportamiento. Objetivo: Describir los factores de personalidad asociados a los estudiantes en la carrera de psicología. Método: Participaron en el estudio un total de 141 estudiantes (88 mujeres) de los 8 semestres de la carrera de psicología en una universidad pública del occidente de México. Se utilizó la prueba de 16 factores de personalidad (16FP) y se compararon los perfiles promedio resultantes contra los valores poblacionales de referencia, por género, demás, entre los primeros semestres y los últimos. Resultados: Se identificó la presencia de factores de personalidad distintivos de los alumnos de psicología, además, pudieron observarse diferencias significativas por sexo y cohorte generacional. Conclusiones: La presencia de factores de la personalidad relacionados a las normas sociales y la inestabilidad afectiva son comunes en estudiantes de psicología.

The Effective Reproduction Number Rt provides essential information for the management of an epidemic/pandemic. Projecting Rt into the future could further assist in the management process. This article proposes a methodology based on exposure scenarios to perform such a procedure. The method utilizes a compartmental model and its adequate parametrization; a way to determine suitable parameters for this model in México's case is detailed. In conjunction with the compartmental model, the projection of Rt permits estimating unobserved variables, such as the size of the asymptomatic population, and projecting into the future other relevant variables, like the active hospitalizations, using scenarios. The uses of the proposed methodologies are exemplified by analyzing the pandemic in a Mexican state; the main quantities derived from the compartmental model, such as the active and total cases, are included in the analysis. This article also presents a national summary based on the methodologies to illustrate how these procedures could be further exploited. The supporting information includes an application of the proposed methods to a metropolitan area to show that it also works well at other demographic disaggregation levels. The procedures developed in this article shed light on how to develop an effective surveillance system when information is incomplete and can be applied in cases other than México's.

This article highlights some difficulties that over time have been found to delimit the notion of ‘text’. Its frequent use in the fields of literary criticism, linguistics, semiotics ... could refer to the idea that there is a homogeneous conception. However, far from this, within the same discipline there are notable differences that necessarily affect the investigations that take the text (or what each considers as such) as the unit of fundamental analysis. Thus, our claim is to propose, based on previous conceptions, a redefinition that is flexible enough to be operational in different fields of knowledge and to respond to the needs of the era of new communication technologies.

The presence of drug trafficking in Michoacán has been the focus of attention of the national and international media agenda, however, reporting on the issue is a complicated task due to the responsibility of the voices reproduced in the journalistic enunciation; so the reporters through the practice have developed specific formulas to not commit to the truth of what is stated in the news. Such is the case of the use of adverbs as strategic evidential marks to refer to the source of information when a journalistic construction is published on the presence of drug trafficking. The present investigation that focuses on the analysis of informative notes extracted from three Michoacán newspapers also raises the existence of other linguistic marks, in addition to adverbs, that can cover the characteristics of an evidential as a marker within an enunciation such as the case of presumed and supposed.

La reforma tributaria del 2016 y la inclusión de rubros que contribuyan al logro de financiación de procesos que se deben atender para consolidar la paz, es una necesidad que bien administrada puede dar resultados favorables para llegar a la reconciliación, la paz, la democracia y la estabilidad política después del conflicto armado de más de 60 años en el país.

During this investigation it has been developed a narrative review about the Happiness and Coping Strategies variables, allowing us to establish that the implementation of coping may allow any subject to a state of happyness. For this mean, the concept of Happyness has been defined as an unidimensional construct with any constitutive especification that departs from a philosophichal conceptualization (Eudaimonia and Hedonism), which eventually would arrive to the psichological field as a sum of benefits for the mental and phisical health. On the other side, the second variable, Coping Strategies, was described as a set of answers and manners oriented to evolutive and ambiental demands, being classified as either Adaptive (meant for the resolution of taks via constructive means) or Maladaptive (those which have an orientation towards risk or evasive copping). It was determined that an appropriate development about emotional intelligence would allow the subject to have a more efficient control of his/her emotions when opting for coping strategy, making it easier for the subject to fully comprehend the task at hand due to the intervenering nature of the coping itself, reaching to the conclusion that Coping Strategies affects people Happyness, generating benefits for their mental and biological status.

El trauma abdominal cerrado se presenta en el 20% de los pacientes politraumatizados, de los cuales aproximadamente el 5% pueden llegar a tener lesiones mesentéricas. Presentamos el caso de una mujer que sufre un traumatismo abdominal cerrado a la cual se le realizó tomografía computarizada con evidencia de un hematoma en el flanco derecho, que se logra controlar por angioembolización de la arteria mesentérica superior. El tratamiento de las lesiones mesentéricas se determinará según el estado hemodinámico del paciente, pues ante la estabilidad se puede escoger entre cirugía abierta y embolización, pero en caso de inestabilidad se recomienda la laparotomía.

Introduction: Assessment of strength in youth athletes using a safety, time-efficient and reliable test is crucial for strength and conditioning professionals. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) estimation through movement velocity in youth soccer players. In addition, the relationships between 1RM estimation with peak power (PP), jumping and sprinting performance were checked. Material and methods: Twenty-two youth soccer players (16.8±0.6 years) took part in the study. Participants completed a 1RM estimation in the half-squat, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and 30m sprint in three different occasions. Results: The 1RM estimation showed good absolute (SEM0.7) reliability scores. The estimated 1RM value was significantly lower in the trial 1 compared to the trials 2 and 3. The estimated 1RM and the PP output showed significant correlations (r=0.538-0.560) with jumping and sprinting performance. Discussion: These data suggest the necessity to perform at least one familiarization session to obtain a reliable 1RM estimation through movement velocity in youth soccer players. Once youth soccer players are familiarized with the 1RM estimation protocol, coaches could use this evaluation to obtain a reliable measure of players' maximal strength in a time-efficient way.