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Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy with a high risk of recurrence. Local recurrence occurs in 7-20% of patients with treated stage I cancer within 3 years after primary treatment. In this study, we found significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of the oncoprotein KRAS, along with two replicative stress markers, ATR and CHEK1, in samples of endometrial carcinomas of endometrium (ECE) from patients with relapse. In contrast, mRNA expression levels of the studied genes were low and uniform in samples from patients without relapse. Elevated levels of KRAS protein and the phosphorylated form of ATR/CHEK1 were distinguishing features of recurrent ECE. A strong positive correlation was found between elevated mRNA and protein levels of the studied molecules. Elevated KRAS protein levels are characteristic of poorly differentiated (G3) endometrial carcinomas with deep myometrial invasion in patients without recurrence. In contrast, in patients with recurrence, higher protein levels of KRAS, pATR and pCHEK1 were observed in samples of G1-2 endometrial carcinomas, with statistically significant differences confirmed for pATR. High pCHEK1 protein levels are associated with deep tumor invasion in the myometrium among patients with recurrence. ROC analysis confirmed that evaluating the specificity and sensitivity of KRAS, pATR and pCHEK1 predicts recurrence development in patients with ECE. Our findings indicate that markers of replicative stress may play a significant role in ECE pathogenesis. Determining their levels in tumor samples after primary treatment could help define patients at high risk of recurrence and guide consequent courses of treatment.

This article explores the development of a new business strategy in the Republic of Lithuania that focuses on the processing of waste tires into fuel. An innovative approach has been adopted, which incorporates three interdependent components: managerial, legal, and financial/economic factors. This approach ensures the integration of different levels and functions of management for the inclusive development of this business in the Republic of Lithuania. A set of indicators has been proposed, which were used to conduct a comparative analysis of alternative types of energy used for heating, such as diesel fuel, pyrolysis, wood pellets, electricity, and natural gas. A mathematical model has been constructed to formalize the financial and economic results of the tire recycling business, and it can be used to determine the results with any number of recycled tires. The investment analysis of the tire recycling business in the Republic of Lithuania confirms the economic feasibility of the proposed strategy. The risk assessment of the proposed strategy was also conducted, taking into account the technical and possible initial volumes of processing. Based on these economic and mathematical tools, managerial decisions can be made regarding the strategic alternatives for implementation. Additionally, the implementation of this strategy can lead to multiple positive environmental and social outcomes such as reduction of waste tires in landfills and decrease in dependence on fossil fuels. The results of this research provide a valuable basis for decision-makers in the government and private sector to consider the implementation of this innovative strategy and contribute to the sustainable development of the country.

Social infrastructure plays an important role in creating conditions to meet the material and spiritual needs of the population, the reproduction of human capital, the integrated development of the territory. The subject of the research is the social infrastructure. The purpose of this article is to show the role of social infrastructure as a factor of sustainable development of the territory. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: to identify the essence and structure of social infrastructure, to show its role in the world economy and individual countries, to consider the main functions of social infrastructure. The following methods were used: descriptive, comparative to identify the essence of social infrastructure, analysis and synthesis to characterize its role in the world economy and individual countries, the system approach – to characterize the functions of social infrastructure in the sustainable development of the territory. The results obtained: it is revealed that currently there is no consensus definition of the category "social infrastructure" and its composition; it is shown that the traditional types of services are replenished by new services; the reproductive functions of social infrastructure are characterized. Conclusions: social infrastructure is actively developing in the world, which makes a significant contribution to GDP and employment of the population, sustainable development of the territory. However, the level of its development depends on a number of internal and external factors. It is necessary to develop an effective policy of social infrastructure development in each country of the world and its subregions.

The role of fibrous carrer in the formation of microbiocenosis, which provides purification of aquatic environments, has been studied. The prospects of using the fibrous carrer "Vija" for cleaning the watercourses of mountainous areas have been studied. The species composition as well as the kinetics of periphyton formation on fibrous carrer have been established. The species composition of the microbiocenosis, which is formed on carrer in the mode of active aeration of landfill filtrates and the prospects of using the method of aerated lagoon for filtrate treatment have been studied.

Purpose – This study examines the impact of college education on incorporated and unincorporated self-employments. It specifically compares the effects on African Americans and Hispanics with the effects on Whites. Design/methodology/approach – The study sample was drawn from the US Current Population Survey between 1989 and 2018. Based on a sample size of 1,657,043 individuals, this study employed logit regression models to test the hypotheses. Racial variations were examined using African Americans and Hispanics as moderators. Findings – The results suggest that college education increases incorporated self-employment and reduces unincorporated self-employment. The impact of college education on incorporated self-employment is stronger for African Americans and Hispanics than for Whites. In contrast, its effect on unincorporated self-employment is stronger for Whites than for African Americans and Hispanics. Research limitations/implications – The findings provide empirical evidence of how college experience changes the motivation of starting an incorporated or unincorporated business. The results suggest that college education impacts African Americans and Hispanics differently than Whites in pursuing their career path of entrepreneurship. Originality/value – It is the first study that examines the relationship between college education and incorporated/unincorporated self-employment. It also sheds light on radical variations.

The research was based on fifteen etymological and explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language and featured the motivating signs of the macroconcept uchitel / uchenik (teacher / pupil). Conceptual, descriptive, and interpretive analyses revealed 46 motivating signs, which indicates the long history of the macroconcept. The signs constituted thirteen blocks: 1. Results of cognitive activity (expertise, knowledge, skills, views, and experience). 2. The process and result of learning (teach, instruct, hold classes, inculcate, enrich, acquire, preach, train, study, memorize, learn). 3. Methods of teaching (instruction, teaching). 4. Method of memorization (repeat, get used to, get used, be adjusted to). 5. Participants of the educational process (teacher, student, lecturer, learner, mentor, educator), head of teaching, cleric, novice). 6. Mode of behavior (custom) 7. Commitment (admirer, fan, follower). 8. Violent ways of teaching (beat, punish, force). 9. Science (science, scientist, learning). 10. Educational institutions (school, college). 11. Effort (try). 12. Trust (trust). 13. Learning activity (learning, learning activity, studies, curricular, lesson, schooling, textbook). The signs grew less numerous with time: the contemporary Russian linguistic worldview contains only 41 out of the original 46.

The article analyzes the dictionary entries “student” presented in the etymological and historical-etymological dictionaries of the Russian language. The purpose of the article is to determine and describe the motivating signs of the student concept according to the methodology of conceptual analysis of the mental formation structure. The article uses methods: conceptual analysis, descriptive and interpretative. The relevance of the stated topic lies in the correlation of the primary signs of the student concept with its conceptual signs. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the first experience of describing the motivating signs of the student concept. Fifteen dictionaries and discourse material of the Russian National Corpus were analyzed. The analysis of the concept revealed 11 motivating signs. The number of motivating signs indicates the great importance of the considering mental formation: the education sector is important for Russian linguoculture. The identified signs are combined into six blocks: 1. Educational process participants (“learner”, “higher school student”, “student”, “skudent”). 2. Affiliation (“student-led”, “student community”). 3. Effort (“work hard”/”endeavor”, “study diligently”, “study thoroughly”). 4. Ambition (“be anxious for success”). 5. Place of studying (“studio”). 6. The process of studying (“study/practice/train”). In the course of the student concept development there was practically no narrowing of the motivating signs, which retained their relevance and became the conceptual signs. There are 10 out 11 motivating signs have been preserved in the modern linguistic picture of the world.

Цель. Провести анализ применимости уравнений Murray C.D. для расчёта значений углов дихотомий внутриорганного артериального и венозного русел почки человека. Материал и методы. Были исследованы внутриорганные артерии и вены почек. Почки полученны на аутопсии у людей (возраст от 36 до 74 лет; 9 человек мужского пола, 8 – женского), изготовлены 17 коррозионных препаратов: 9 препаратов артериальное русло, 8 – венозное. Визуализацию проводили с помощь микротомографа BRUNKER SkyScan 1178. Для морфометрии использовали программный пакет blender с надстройкой NeuroMorph Measuring tools. Измеряли диаметры сегментов (D, dmax, dmin) и углы между ними (αmax, αmin). Для расчетов углов дихотомии пользовались уравнениями Murray C.D. Результаты. Установлено наличие четырех структурно-различных типов дихотомий, составляющих внутриорганное сосудистое русло почки. Показано, что применять уравнение Murray C.D. для расчетов величины угла αmax можно для любых структурно-различных типов сосудистых дихотомий почки человека. Однако использовать уравнение Murray C.D. для расчетов значений угла αmin нельзя для артериальных и венозных дихотомий 1-го структурно-различного типа и для 2-го типа венозных дихотомий. Заключение. Применение уравнений Murray C.D. для численного моделирования сосудистых дихотомий почки человека носит ограниченный характер. Это необходимо учитывать при создании структурных математических моделей сосудистого русла почки человека.

Diagrams of supercooled austenite decomposition are constructed for new steels of the Kh2G2C2MF alloying system. They provide the application of a science-based approach to the development and improvement of technological heat treatment processes with the use of furnaces with oxidising atmosphere. It is shown that the bainite transformation cannot exist separately from the martensite transformation even at slow cooling speeds. Regimes of heat treatment are selected, providing a possibility to receive the necessary structure for formation of a required complex of mechanical properties in a wide range. It is established that the most perspective heat treatment regime scheme from the point of view of time savings is continuous cooling from the heating temperature. It is revealed that the main structural components of steels after various heat treatment regimes are bainite and martensite, whose ratio determines the mechanical characteristics. Bainite is carbide-free, which favourably influences the complex of mechanical characteristics. The excessive ferrite and ferrite-carbide mixture formed in the structure at slow rates of continuous cooling in the upper temperature range do not affect the mechanical properties since their amount is insignificant. It is established that new economically alloyed steels with chromium, manganese, silicon, molybdenum, vanadium, and different carbon content belong to third-generation automotive steels, which gives prospects of using this material for manufacturing various automotive parts to improve the entire structure.

The digital revolution paved the way for changes in the field of entrepreneurial finance, with platform-based funding mechanisms being viewed as a mode for democratizing equity investing. Despite this belief, equity funding platforms were not available to the public for a while, owing to existing regulations that made them illegal. Based on the analysis of a unique longitudinal dataset, the results of our study suggest that the formation of new markets may be successful when multiple actors, including the government, collectively utilize strategic framing that promotes public interest and engages incumbents in a nonthreatening manner. These dynamics highlight the key role that collective entrepreneurship plays in the emergence of new market spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy with a high risk of recurrence. Local recurrence occurs in 7–20% of patients with treated stage I cancer within 3 years after primary treatment. In this study, we found significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of the oncoprotein KRAS, along with two replicative stress markers, ATR and CHEK1, in samples of endometrial carcinomas of endometrium (ECE) from patients with relapse. In contrast, mRNA expression levels of the studied genes were low and uniform in samples from patients without relapse. Elevated levels of KRAS protein and the phosphorylated form of ATR/CHEK1 were distinguishing features of recurrent ECE. A strong positive correlation was found between elevated mRNA and protein levels of the studied molecules. Elevated KRAS protein levels are characteristic of poorly differentiated (G3) endometrial carcinomas with deep myometrial invasion in patients without recurrence. In contrast, in patients with recurrence, higher protein levels of KRAS, pATR and pCHEK1 were observed in samples of G1-2 endometrial carcinomas, with statistically significant differences confirmed for pATR. High pCHEK1 protein levels are associated with deep tumor invasion in the myometrium among patients with recurrence. ROC analysis confirmed that evaluating the specificity and sensitivity of KRAS, pATR and pCHEK1 predicts recurrence development in patients with ECE. Our findings indicate that markers of replicative stress may play a significant role in ECE pathogenesis. Determining their levels in tumor samples after primary treatment could help define patients at high risk of recurrence and guide consequent courses of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data from regular monitoring of the concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds and nitrification indicators in the Udy river (at sites 500 m before the discharge of treated wastewater in Kharkiv city and 500 m after discharge downstream) was analyzed and in wastewater being treated at urban wastewater treatment facilities. Chemical and biological kinetic constants of nitrification in the water layer and biochemical characteristics of nitrification in the bottom deposits in these areas were determined in special laboratory experiments. It has been stated that the rate of nitrification in the water layer increases twice in the area after discharge of treated wastewater compared to the area before discharge. Biochemical and microbiological indicators of nitrification in the active sludge of wastewater treatment facilities have been established. It has been shown that the discharge of wastewater (and hence nitrifying bacteria) from wastewater treatment facilities that perform biological treatment with nitrification (without denitrification) increases the activity of nitrification processes in the water layer of a natural reservoir downstream.

For comparative purposes, a quantitative estimation of antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds of different classes was conducted by way of the polarography method, via the ADP-Fe2+ model of the induced ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation of rat liver micro-somes within an in-vitro system. As a result, it was recognized that the antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds depend on the nature and chemical structure of several substances. In respect of such activity, leaders in the classes of investigated polyphenolic compounds are: Propyl gallate = Gallotannin (Phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives) > Quercetin = Myricetin (Flavonols) > Luteolin (Flavo n) = Mangiferin (Xanthones) > Kaempferol (Flavonols) = Catechin (Flavans). Thus, the assessment of the inhibition ability of the lipid peroxidation of microsomes by phenolic compounds can be used as an accessible test for the preliminary quantitative estimation of their antioxidant properties.

The article considers the characteristics of contemporary international migration of population. It has been shown that international migration encompasses all countries over the world and is an important constituent of the globalization of the world-wide economy. Tendencies in the international migration have been described by regions of the world and by type of country. It has been shown that a concentration of international migrants is present in a relatively small number of world countries, while the developed world is more attractive to migrants than the developing countries. The structure of migrants by sex and age has been considered and the most attractive regions for the migration of women and men have been identified. The problems and tendencies of the forced migration of population have been identified. It has been determined that, in many developed countries, the migration inflow of population will increase in importance in the demographic situation. The need to develop a migration policy in the regions of different hierarchical levels and to implement it in practice has been indicated.

Under conditions of globalization, international migration of population is steadily growing and significantly affects the socio-economic development of countries and regions. The aim of the article is to identify the features of international migration of population in Europe. The migration trends in the region and its subregions are analyzed. It is shown that Western Europe is leading according to the number of migrants residing on its territory, but the maximum growth of migrants for the period of 1990-2015 is observed in Southern Europe. The proportion of women and population of active age groups is increasing in the structure of migrants. In recent years the flow of refugees has increased. The impact of the migration crisis on the economies of the host countries is analyzed. Calculations of coefficients of multiple correlation demonstrated the level of dependence between the indicators of migration and GDP, population size, share of urban population. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop migration policies at different hierarchical levels.