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5. First report of Salmonella 1,4,,12:i:- in free-ranging striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), Italy

Author

Grattarola, C, Gallina, S, Giorda, F, Pautasso, A, Ballardini, M, Iulini, B, Varello, K, Goria, M, Peletto, S, Masoero, L, Serracca, L, Romano, A, Dondo, A, Zoppi, S, Garibaldi, F, Scaglione, Fe, Marsili, L, Di Guardo, G, Lettini, Aa, Mignone, W, Fernandez, A, and Casalone, C

Subjects
Cetaceans, Salmonella, Cetaceans, Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, Italy, Italy, Salmonella, Stenella coeruleoalba, Striped dolphin
Published
2019

7. Novel dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) outbreak among Mediterranean striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba in Italian waters

Author

Pautasso, A, primary, Iulini, B, additional, Grattarola, C, additional, Giorda, F, additional, Goria, M, additional, Peletto, S, additional, Masoero, L, additional, Mignone, W, additional, Varello, K, additional, Petrella, A, additional, Carbone, A, additional, Pintore, A, additional, Denurra, D, additional, Scholl, F, additional, Cersini, A, additional, Puleio, R, additional, Purpari, G, additional, Lucifora, G, additional, Fusco, G, additional, Di Guardo, G, additional, Mazzariol, S, additional, and Casalone, C, additional

Published
2019
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8. Postmortem Findings in Cetaceans Found Stranded in the Pelagos Sanctuary, Italy, 2007-2014

Author

Giorda F, Ballardini M, DI GUARDO, Giovanni, Pintore, Md, Grattarola, C, Iulini, B, Mignone, W, Goria, M, Serracca, L, Varello, K, Dondo, A, Acutis, Pl, Garibaldi, F, Scaglione, Fe, Gustinelli, A, Mazzariol, S, DI FRANCESCO, Cristina Esmeralda, Tittarelli, C, Casalone, C, and Pautasso, A.

Subjects
disease, Cetaceans, Italy, necropsy, strandings, Mediterranean Sea
Published
2017

9. Occlusive mycotic tracheobronchitis and systemic Alphaherpesvirus coinfection in a free-living striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba in Italy

Author

Grattarola, C, primary, Giorda, F, additional, Iulini, B, additional, Pautasso, A, additional, Ballardini, M, additional, Zoppi, S, additional, Marsili, L, additional, Peletto, S, additional, Masoero, L, additional, Varello, K, additional, Garibaldi, F, additional, Scaglione, FE, additional, Di Guardo, G, additional, Dondo, A, additional, Goria, M, additional, Serracca, L, additional, Mignone, W, additional, and Casalone, C, additional

Published
2018
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13. Diets with different lipid contents do not modify the neuronal membrane lipid raft profile in a scrapie murine model

Author

Dall'Ara, P, Iulini, B, Botto, L, Filipe, J, Martino, P, Pintore, M, Gazzuola, P, Mazza, M, Dagrada, M, Ingravalle, F, Casalone, C, Palestini, P, Poli, G, Martino, PA, Pintore, MD, Poli, G., BOTTO, LAURA MARIA, PALESTINI, PAOLA NOVERINA ADA, Dall'Ara, P, Iulini, B, Botto, L, Filipe, J, Martino, P, Pintore, M, Gazzuola, P, Mazza, M, Dagrada, M, Ingravalle, F, Casalone, C, Palestini, P, Poli, G, Martino, PA, Pintore, MD, Poli, G., BOTTO, LAURA MARIA, and PALESTINI, PAOLA NOVERINA ADA

Abstract

In Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), the localization of the prion protein in the neuronal membrane lipid rafts (LR) seems to play a role in sustaining the protein misfolding. Changes in membrane properties, due to altered lipid composition, affect their organization and interaction between lipids and protein therein, and consequently also membrane resident protein functionality; dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), gangliosides and cholesterol seem to influence these processes. Aims In this work, the influence of administration of different feed, able to change the composition of lipid membrane, on the clinical progression of prion disease was studied. Main methods The activity of three diets (hyperlipidic with 6% fats; hypolipidic with 0.1% fats; and purified with 4% fats) was tested in CD1 mouse model experimentally infected with RML scrapie strain. Presence and distribution of typical central nervous system (CNS) lesions and deposits of PrPsc were evaluated by histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Analysis of lipids was performed in homogenate and insoluble brain fraction of the neuronal membrane rich in LR. Key findings Results show that a diet with a different lipid level has not a significant role in the development of the scrapie disease. All infected mice fed with different diets died in the same time span. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and neuropathological analyses of the infected brains did not show significant differences between animals subjected to different diets. Significance Independently of the diet, the infection induced a significant modification of the lipid composition in homogenates, and a less noticeable one in insoluble brain fraction.

Published
2016

14. Cetaceans stranded along Ligurian seacoast (Italy): a monitoring program to investigate the causes of death

Author

Casalone C., Pautasso A., Iulini B., Tittarelli C., Di Guardo G., Pintore M. D., Serracca L., Goria M., Grattarola C., Garibaldi F., Varello K., Mignone W., FIORAVANTI, MARIALETIZIA, SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI VIROLOGIA, Casalone C., Pautasso A., Iulini B., Tittarelli C., Di Guardo G., Pintore M.D., Serracca L., Goria M., Grattarola C., Garibaldi F., Fioravanti M.L., Varello K., and Mignone W.

Subjects
Cetaceans, Stranding, Ligurian coast
Abstract

Results of a monitoring program to investigate the causes of death in cetaceans stranded along Ligurian seacoast (Italy).

Published
2011

15. Indagini anatomo-istopatologiche, microbiologiche, parassitologiche e siero-epidemiologiche in cetacei spiaggiati in Liguria (2007-2010)

Author

Tittarelli, C., Casalone, C., Pautasso, A., Iulini, B., Bozzetta, E., Varello, K., Pezzolato, M., Grattarola, C., Garibaldi, F., Di Francesco, C. E., Di Guardo, G., Andrea Gustinelli, MARIALETIZIA FIORAVANTI, Mignone, W., Tittarelli C., Casalone C., Pautasso A., Iulini B., Bozzetta E., Varello K., Pezzolato M., Grattarola C., Garibaldi F., Di Francesco C.E., Di Guardo G., Gustinelli A., Fioravanti M.L., and Mignone W.

Subjects
parasitic diseases, human activities
Abstract

The aim of this study is to report the results of parasitological, microbiological, histopathological and serological investigations on 22 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and 1 bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) found stranded since January 2007 to August 2010 on the Ligurian Sea coast of Italy. Parasites were identified in a variety of organs (lung, intestine, skin, muscle). Toxoplasma gondii cysts and zoites were found in 2 of the 4 dolphins with meningoencephalitis. Morbillivirus infections was not considered to have contributed to the death of these animals.

Published
2010

16. Indagini anatomo-istopatologiche, microbiologiche, parassitologiche e tossicologiche in cetacei spiaggiati in provincia di Imperia (2007-2009)

Author

Mignone W., Tittarelli C., Casalone C., Pautasso A., Iulini B., Bozzetta E., Vivaldi B., Di GUardo G., Proietto U., Di Francesco C. E., Marsilio F., Kennedy S., Forster F., Garibaldi F., ZACCARONI, ANNALISA, SCARAVELLI, DINO, CENTRO STUDI CETACEI, Mignone W., Tittarelli C., Casalone C., Pautasso A., Iulini B., Bozzetta E., Vivaldi B., Di GUardo G., Proietto U., Di Francesco C.E., Marsilio F., Zaccaroni A., Scaravelli D., Kennedy S., Forster F., and Garibaldi F.

Published
2009

18. Lesioni compatibili, ma labili travve di Morbillivirus: cosa ha provocato i recenti episodi di mortalità nelle stenelle (Stenella coeruleoalba) del Mar Ligure?

Author

Di Guardo G., Proietto U., Di Francesco C. E., Marsilio F., Mignone W., Caroggio P., Garibaldi F., Ballardini M., Kennedy S., Forster F., Bozzetta E., Iulini B., Casalone C., ZACCARONI, ANNALISA, SCARAVELLI, DINO, Di Guardo G., Proietto U., Di Francesco C.E., Marsilio F., Zaccaroni A., Scaravelli D., Mignone W., Caroggio P., Garibaldi F., Ballardini M., Kennedy S., Forster F., Bozzetta E., Iulini B., and Casalone C.

Abstract

Nel presente lavoro vengono presentati e discussi i risultati delle indagini necroscopiche, parassitologiche, microbiologiche, istopatologiche, immunoistochimiche, di immunofluorescenza indiretta (IFI), biomolecolari (RT-PCR) e sierologiche condotte su 8 esemplari (1 maschio neonato, 1 femmina subadulta, 5 femmine ed 1 maschio adulti) di stenella striata (Stenella coeruleoalba) rinvenuti spiaggiati nel periodo Agosto-Novembre 2007 in provincia di Imperia. Una polmonite (bronco-interstiziale) era evidente in 6 stenelle, con presenza di numerosi corpi parassitari in sede sia polmonare, sia extra-polmonare. Una meningo-encefalite subacuto-cronica multifocale non purulenta si osservava altresì in 4 animali (1 maschio e 3 femmine adulte), in cui erano istologicamente apprezzabili più o meno spessi manicotti perivasali di cellule infiammatorie mononucleate, con contestuali aggregati macrofagici in sede peri-paravasale. Lievi infiltrati linfo-plasmacellulari erano presenti a livello dei plessi corioidei, mentre moderate espressioni di sofferenza interessavano isolati o alcuni gruppi di neuroni, senza che fosse possibile dimostrare la presenza di inclusioni virali né al loro interno, né all’interno di altri tipi cellulari. I sieri di 4 stenelle (1 neonato, 1 subadulto, 2 adulti) contenevano inoltre anticorpi neutralizzanti anti-Morbillivirus, ad un titolo compreso fra 1:10 e 1:40. Ciononostante, le indagini immunoistochimiche, in IFI ed in RT-PCR per Morbillivirus hanno avuto esito negativo in tutti gli animali. In conclusione, si ritiene che ad una o più noxae diverse dal Morbillivirus sia verosimilmente da ascrivere l’eziologia primaria degli episodi di mortalità in questione. Ulteriori indagini sono comunque necessarie per confermare tale ipotesi.

Published
2008

19. Meningoencephalitis and Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella spp. coinfection in a dolphin in Italy

Author

Grattarola, C, primary, Giorda, F, additional, Iulini, B, additional, Pintore, MD, additional, Pautasso, A, additional, Zoppi, S, additional, Goria, M, additional, Romano, A, additional, Peletto, S, additional, Varello, K, additional, Garibaldi, F, additional, Garofolo, G, additional, Di Francesco, CE, additional, Marsili, L, additional, Bozzetta, E, additional, Di Guardo, G, additional, Dondo, A, additional, Mignone, W, additional, and Casalone, C, additional

Published
2016
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25. DISCONTOOLS: Identifying gaps in controlling bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

Author

Simmons, M., Ru, G., Casalone, C., Iulini, B., Cassar, C., and Seuberlich, T.

Subjects
BOVINE spongiform encephalopathy, ZOONOSES, ANIMAL feeding, PATHOLOGY, RUMINANTS
Abstract

Summary: This article summarizes the 2016 update of the DISCONTOOLS project gap analysis on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), which was based on a combination of literature review and expert knowledge. Uncertainty still exists in relation to the pathogenesis, immunology and epidemiology of BSE, but provided that infected material is prohibited from entering the animal feed chain, cases should continue to decline. BSE does not appear to spread between cattle, but if new strains with this ability appear then control would be considerably more difficult. Atypical types of BSE (L‐BSE and H‐BSE) have been identified, which have different molecular patterns and pathology, and do not display the same clinical signs as classical BSE. Laboratory transmission experiments indicate that the L‐BSE agent has zoonotic potential. There is no satisfactory conclusion regarding the origin of the BSE epidemic. C‐BSE case numbers declined rapidly following strict controls banning ruminant protein in animal feed, but occasional cases still occur. It is unclear whether these more recent cases indicate inadequate implementation of the bans, or the possibility that C‐BSE might occur spontaneously, as has been postulated for H‐ and L‐BSE. All of this will have implications once existing bans and levels of surveillance are both relaxed. Immunochemical tests can only be applied post‐mortem. There is no immunological basis for diagnosis in the live animal. All aspects of disease control are expensive, particularly surveillance, specified risk material removal and feed controls. There is pressure to relax feed controls, and concurrent pressure from other sources to reduce surveillance. While the cost benefit argument can be applied successfully to either of these approaches, it would be necessary to maintain the ban on intraspecies recycling and some baseline surveillance. However, the potential risk is not limited to intraspecies recycling; recycling with cross‐species transmission may be an ideal way to select or/and modify properties of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies agents in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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29. Seizure Disorders in 43 Cattle

Author

D'Angelo, A., primary, Bellino, C., additional, Bertone, I., additional, Cagnotti, G., additional, Iulini, B., additional, Miniscalco, B., additional, Casalone, C., additional, Gianella, P., additional, and Cagnasso, A., additional

Published
2015
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35. Downer Cow Syndrome: A Surveillance System in Piedmont

Author

Casalone, C, Pautasso, A, Iulini, B, Casalone, M, Chiavassa, E, Fabaro, P, Geninatti, G, Marconetto, G, Rumello, G, Teobaldi, M, Tesio, G, Griglio, B, Gatto, S, Trucco, A, Muratore, D, Tursi, M, Dondo, A, Bozzetta, E, Maurella, C, and D'Angelo, Antonio

Published
2009

48. Variability in disease phenotypes within a single PRNP genotype suggests the existence of multiple natural sheep scrapie strains within Europe

Author

Gonzalez, L., primary, Siso, S., additional, Monleon, E., additional, Casalone, C., additional, van Keulen, L. J. M., additional, Balkema-Buschmann, A., additional, Ortiz-Pelaez, A., additional, Iulini, B., additional, Langeveld, J. P. M., additional, Hoffmann, C., additional, Badiola, J. J., additional, Jeffrey, M., additional, and Acin, C., additional

Published
2010
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49. Co-existence of classical scrapie and Nor98 in a sheep from an Italian outbreak

Author

Mazza, M., primary, Iulini, B., additional, Vaccari, G., additional, Acutis, P.L., additional, Martucci, F., additional, Esposito, E., additional, Peletto, S., additional, Barocci, S., additional, Chiappini, B., additional, Corona, C., additional, Barbieri, I., additional, Caramelli, M., additional, Agrimi, U., additional, Casalone, C., additional, and Nonno, R., additional

Published
2010
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50. Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in Striped Dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) Stranded Along the Ligurian Sea Coast of Italy

Author

Di Guardo, G., primary, Proietto, U., additional, Di Francesco, C. E., additional, Marsilio, F., additional, Zaccaroni, A., additional, Scaravelli, D., additional, Mignone, W., additional, Garibaldi, F., additional, Kennedy, S., additional, Forster, F., additional, Iulini, B., additional, Bozzetta, E., additional, and Casalone, C., additional

Published
2009
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