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The aim of our cross-sectional study was to assess the rotational range of motion of the shoulder joint and the scapula movement of Hungarian NBII handball players, to find out how many athletes may be affected by a rotational range of motion deficit. We also wanted to gain insight into whether players with GIRD report more pain. The study was conducted between September and October 2023. We studied 31 male handball players, all of whom participated in training sessions at least 3 times a week. The survey showed that more than half of the athletes were affected by some level of range of motion deficit. Of those assessed, 29% were affected by Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) and 55% by Total Arc of Motion Deficit (TAMD). Those who had at least 15° of internal rotation deficit during pretesting had significantly less scapula upward rotation in the neutral shoulder, 60° abduction and 90° abduction positions. No significant difference was found in the 120° shoulder abduction position. For the non-dominant upper limb, no significant difference was found between the two groups. Athletes with GIRD reported significantly greater pain on the VAS scale than those without internal rotation deficit.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are major problems in our society, because it’s prevalence among children and adolescents aged 5-19 has risen dramatically from just 4% in 1975 to just over 18% in 2016. The rise has occurred similarly among both boys and girls: in 2016 18% of girls and 19% of boys were overweight. While just under 1% of children and adolescents aged 5-19 were obese in 1975, more 124 million children and adolescents (6% of girls and 8% of boys) were obese in 2016 (WHO, 2021). Objectives: The aim of our research is to examine the relationship between the time allocated to physical education at school and overweight/obesity in 6-10 year old children on a global and continental level. Methods: Our study is a cross-sectional, population-based descriptive study. We used the data from the World-wide Survey of School Physical Education report published by UNESCO in 2013. We used BMI for the age group 6-10 years from the database published by the Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. The GDP data for the countries was taken from the database of the United Nations Economic Commissions for Europe. Results: In our study, we analyze data from 145 countries on six continents. The average time devoted to physical education in these countries is 95.6±35.0 minutes per week. The minimum is 30 minutes and the maximum is 225 minutes. The 90 minutes occurs with the highest frequency, 26 times. The median also shows the 90-minute value. Examining the results by continent, it is revealed that significantly more time is devoted to school physical education in Europe than in Africa (p=0.020) and Asia (p=0.022), but there is no significant difference between the average of the other three continents and Europe. A Spearman’s rank-order correlation was run to assess the relationship between GDP and physical education time allocation. One hundred forty states were included in the analysis. There was a weak positive statistically significant correlation between GDP and physical education time allocation, rs(128) = .298, p < .001. Conclusions: The amount of time devoted to physical education at school shows a wide variation from state to state. The time allocated to physical education at school is 95.6 minutes on average. Europe and Australia/Oceania are the two continents where the most time (about 110 minutes) is devoted to physical education per week. We did not find a relationship between the time devoted to physical education at school and the frequency of obesity or overweight.

The exploration of factors underpinning Olympic success (number of medals won) extended to the Human Development Index (HDI). Analysis of the Rio Olympic Games supported the influence of geographic and social variables. Schooling was one of the most important predictors and together with population explained 64%; when adding geographic variables (North-West and temperature) 67% of Olympic medals won were explained. This relationship was validated in the last four Olympic Games (from 2004 to 2016). This is the first study ever to demonstrate that specific social and geographical factors determine more than two thirds of the variance in Olympic success.

The first swimming competitions for children who practice swimming as a leisure sport organized at the “Universitas” Swimming Complex were held from 2013, these being only demonstrative for parents, as an open lesson at the end of each calendar year. Starting with 2017 these competitions were organized and monitored more closely not only as a demonstration lesson but as a sports competition for amateurs, the rules being adapted according to the F.I.N.A. This article will show graphically and statistically a substantial increase of participants in this type of activity, which is due mostly to emotions and feelings both before and after the competition. Feelings of joy, sadness, emotions experienced during the contest lead to an intrinsic motivation, which causes the child to come with pleasure to the training and to prepare more intensely for the next contest. The monitoring of the subjects started from the year 2017 by attending the swimming courses and it was proved that after each organized swimming contest the number of participants in the training courses increased and at the same time the results obtained were improved. REZUMAT. Impactul unei competiții de ȋnot pentru amatori asupra dezvoltǎrii sportului de masǎ și asupra evoluției performanței copiilor practicanți de ȋnot. Ȋnotul este o activitate care aduce o multitudine de beneficii, de la cele fizice până la cele mentale și sociale. Înotul oferă un excelent antrenament cardiovascular, are un rol important în tonifierea musculaturii și creșterea capacității pulmonare. Un sport recomandat tuturor categoriilor de vârstă, în special copiilor și persoanelor cu deficient de postură. Este o opțiune excelentă pentru a face mișcare în orice perioadă a anului, dar este o activitate mai populară mai ales pe timpul verii, când se poate practica în bazine descoperite sau chiar la mare. Pentru copii, înotul poate fi considerat un sport plictisitor, și de aceea se încearcă diferite metode pentru a atrage copiii să practice acest sport. Ideea concursului a fost creată pentru a atrage mai mulți copii care să practice înotul ca activitate de recreere. Un concurs de înot pentru amatori oferă copiilor satisfacții care stimulează practicarea sportului în mod cât mai frecvent. Aceste satisfacții constau în premiile oferite de organizatori, sentimentele obținute în timpul concursului, sentimentul de reușită, bucuria părinților etc. Toate aceste aspecte ȋi ajutǎ pe copii să îndrăgească înotul și să practice în mod constant această activitate sportivă. După organizarea primului concurs cu caracter mai oficial, numărul participanților la cursurile de înot a crescut semnificativ în cadrul Complexului de natație Universitas. Aici a început monitorizarea mai atentă a acestui eveniment. Timp de doi ani au fost monitorizate în permanență următoarele aspecte: numărul copiilor participanți la cursurile de înot, frecvența de participare săptămânală, numărul copiilor care participă la concursurile organizate și timpii obținuți de aceștia la concurs, la proba de 50 m liber. Pentru a avea date relevante, la calcularea timpilor au fost luați în considerare doar copii cu vârste cuprinse între șapte și nouă ani, la fiecare concurs. Cuvinte cheie: ȋnot, copii, competiție, sportul de masǎ, evoluția performanței.

Introduction: Physical activity is essential to leading a healthy lifestyle; however, in some cases (when not adequate to one’s individual needs, both quantitatively and qualitatively), it might lead to unforeseen outcomes. One such consequence is pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, nowadays a major public health problem, mainly because of its impact on the quality of life of the general population and the associated high health costs, respectively. Material and Methods: The articles used for the study were available via online databases. Our research is based solely on studies written in English, out of which 65 represent the main frame of this paper. Results: Participating in high-intensity physical activities (competitive sports, challenging manual labour) can increase the load on pelvic floor muscles. What is more, overloading the pelvic floor muscles might lead to disorders such as incontinence or pelvic organs prolapse. Some studies showed a 41% prevalence of urinary incontinence in elite athletes. This prompted us to review the circumstances leading to the pelvic floor disorders, more specifically, the relationship between physical activity and pelvic floor muscle dysfunctions. The analysis was based on the available published literature. Physical activity (PA) refers not only to recreational and regular physical training, but also to household tasks and other work-related and transport-related undertakings. Women engaged in hard manual labour can be 9.6 times more likely to have stage 2-4 grade uterine prolapse. Conclusions: Women suffering from urinary stress incontinence should be encouraged to participate in regular leisure and fitness activities and women engaged in vigorous physical activity have to be forewarned. Specific perinea muscle reinforcement may be needed in order to maximize the pelvic floor muscle strength. REZUMAT. Sportul, activitatea fizică și disfuncțiile musculaturii planșeului pelvian. Introducere: Activitatea fizică este esențială pentru a avea un stil de viață sănătos; cu toate acestea, atunci când nu este adaptată nevoilor individuale, atât din punct de vedere calitativ, cât și din punct de vedere cantitativ, ea poate avea urmări nedorite. Una dintre aceste consecințe nedorite este afectarea musculaturii planșeului pelvian, considerată în prezent o problemă majoră de sănătate publică, datorită atât impactului negativ asupra calității vieții, cât și costurilor mari pe care le generează. Material și Metode: Articolele introduse în acest studiu au fost selectate din bazele de date disponibile online. Au fost căutate doar articole în limba engleză, fiind selectate 65 dintre acestea. Rezultate: Practicarea activităților fizice de mare intensitate (sport, muncă fizică solicitantă) poate crește solicitarea musculaturii planșeului pelvian. Suprasolicitarea musculaturii planșeului pelvian poate duce la incontinență urinară sau la prolapsul organelor pelviene. Unele studii indică o prevalență de 41% a incontinenței urinare în rândul sportivelor de performanță. Drept urmare, am decis să investigăm condițiile în care apare afectarea musculaturii planșeului pelvian, precum și legătura dintre activitatea fizică și afectarea musculaturii planșeului pelvian, bazându-ne pe literatura de specialitate disponibilă online. Prin activitate fizică se înțelege nu doar activitatea fizică practicată în mod regulat sau recreațional, ci și munca fizică sau căratul. Femeile care prestează muncă fizică grea au un risc de 9.6 ori mai mare de a prezenta prolaps uterin de gradul 2-4. Concluzii: Femeile care suferă de incontinență urinară de efort trebuie încurajate să practice în mod regulat activități fizice recreaționale, iar femeile care practică activități fizice de mare intensitate trebuie să fie prevenita asupra riscurilor. Exercițiile specifice pentru planșeul pelvian pot fi utile pentru a crește rezistența musculaturii de la acest nivel. Cuvinte cheie: activitate fizică, sport, muncă fizică, disfuncțiile musculaturii planșeului pelvian.

One of the primary goals of physical education is to improve the human physical capacity. The physical capacity is a dynamic potential of a person, which is composed by the level of motor abilities and motor skills acquired during life. School-based physical education plays an important role in the development of motor capacity, but it is by far not enough to achieve the goal of physical education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to map the adventure parks of Romania and to examine (by reviewing the literature) the effect of climbing on the motor capacity of the participants. We would like to examine the most common obstacles in adventure parks and determine what physical abilities are needed to complete them. Case Presentation: In Romania, the first forest adventure park was built in 2006 and by now, their number has reached thirty. Their main characteristic is that the climbers, by relying on their own physical and mental abilities, try to cross obstacles of various difficulty, height and length. Conclusions: Moving activities provided by forest adventure parks have become easily available to more and more people. Climbing in adventure parks (and climbing in general) can be an excellent alternative to improving motor capacity, as it uses and develops the body in a versatile way. REZUMAT. Parcurile de aventură din România: noi posibilități pentru creșterea capacității motrice a omului. Unul dintre obiectivele primare ale educației fizice este dezvoltarea capacității motrice. Capacitatea motrică este un potențial dinamic, compus din nivelul de dezvoltare al calităților motrice și deprinderilor motrice. Educația fizică școlară are un rol important în dezvoltarea capacității motrice a elevilor, dar nu este suficientă pentru atingerea obiectivelor educației fizice. Scop: Scopul acestui studiu este prezentarea parcurilor de aventură din România și de a descrie (prin studiul literaturii de specialitate) efectul cățărării asupra capacității motrice. Am dori să descriem cele mai comune obstacole din parcurile de aventură și să determinăm acele calități și deprinderi motrice care se implică în cățărare. Rezultate: În România, primul parc de aventură forestier a fost construit în 2006 și până acum numărul lor a ajuns la treizeci. Principala lor caracteristică este că cățărătorii, bazându-se pe propriile abilități fizice și mentale, încearcă să traverseze obstacole de diferite dificultăți, înălțimi și lungimi. Concluzii: Activitățile motrice oferite de parcurile de aventură forestiere au devenit accesibile pentru tot mai mulți oameni. Cățărarea pe traseele cu obstacole (și cățărarea în general) poate fi o alternativă excelentă pentru îmbunătățirea capacității motrice. Cuvinte cheie: parc de aventură; cățărare; beneficii fizice; deprindere motrică.

The paper highlights the results of the record based on a questionnaire on how 5th grade pupils react to an educational crisis situation, whether conflicts or various forms of violence or aggression, and of course how often they engage in conflicts that do not concern them directly. The research was carried out at Middle School no. 1 of Gherla, county of Cluj, the questionnaire being applied to 55 5th grade pupils (24 pupils in 5th grade A and 31 pupils in 5th grade B) in May 2017. After recording and processing the data, the interpretation of the results was made by looking at the comparison between the answers of the 5th grade A and 5th grade B grade pupils, since even if they are of the same age, they come from different backgrounds, the argument for this is that in the 5th grade A 85% pupils come from rural areas and only 15% from urban areas, while in 5th grade B 70% of pupils are urban and only 30% are rural. Rezumat. Studiu privind gestionarea situaţiilor de criză Educaţională în învățământul gimnazial din România. Lucrarea sublinieaza rezultatele înregistrării pe baza unui chestionar a modului în care elevii claselor a V-a reacţionează în faţa unor situaţii de criză educaţională, fie ele conflicte, fie diferite forme de violenţă sau agresivitate şi desigur cât de des se implică aceştia în conflicte care nu îi privesc în mod direct. Cercetarea s-a desfăşurat la Şcoala Gimnazială Nr. 1 din localitatea Gherla, Judeţul Cluj, chestionarul fiind aplicat unui număr de 55 de elevi (24 de elevi din clasa a V-a A şi 31 elevi din clasa a V-a B), în luna mai a anului 2017. După înregistrarea și prelucrarea datelor, interpretarea rezultatelor s-a făcut urmărind comparația răspunsurilor elevilor din clasa a V-a A şi a celor din clasa a V-a B, deoarece chiar dacă sunt de aceeaşi vârstă provin din medii diferite, ca şi argument la acest lucru e faptul că în clasa a V-a A 85% dintre elevi provin din mediul rural şi doar 15% din mediul urban, pe când în clasa a V-a B aproximativ 70% dintre elevi sunt din mediul urban şi doar un procent de 30% fac parte din mediul rural. Cuvinte cheie: criză educațională, conflicte, violență, agresivitate.

The aim of our research is to assess the students’ performance within the teaching units can be found in the syllabus. The benefit of the new method modeled by us is to give a detailed and comprehensive picture about the students’ load ability, endurance (individually), as well as make the students’ evaluation easier. At the same time it facilitates to confirm the efficiency of the educational system and the teacher’s successfulness. In Physical Education, we are demonstrating a new method in our research to make differentiation. The students’ lesson activity can determine the conditions how to form the certain groups. No students are those that adapt the tasks unified by everybody but after the group formation (based on measuring), the students perform the tasks correlated to the group abilities. Therefore, the load ability will be unified for everybody according to their capacity by doing the various exercises. The research showed the efficacy of the method as well as we can get an accurate picture about the same loading rate of the students’ performance who can be loaded or less loaded by comparing two teaching units after performing the exercises controlled by measuring. The WHO (2010) offer a medium and high intensity physical activity for the individuals aged at 5-17 in minimum 60 minutes. The objective is to develop the skeletal, joint and musculoskeletal system as well as the cardiorespiratory endurance with aerobic exercises. This measuring method helps to test whether the medium or high intensity load, prescribed by the WHO, can be accomplished or cannot, measuring the effectiveness of the program. PE lesson plays a major role in this.

Introduction: Described as an ingenious physical preparation method, suspension training was developed based on the concept of instability. This study was aimed at finding out if three weeks of TRX suspension training were enough to enhance static balance in junior basketball players. Materials and methods: Twelve male junior basketball players from the “U” Mobitelco club of Cluj-Napoca participated in this research. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Experimental (n=6) and Control (n=6). For three weeks, three TRX suspension training sessions per week were performed by all athletes from the Experimental group. Anthropometric measures (weight, height and arm span) were performed on all participants prior to suspension training. Static balance, assessed as the excursion of the center of pressure (COP), was measured with an AMTI® force platform (model BP400600, Advanced Mechanical Technology Inc., Watertown, MA, USA) on both legs, before and after the training period. Results: Mean age of participants was 13.33 ± 0.49 years, mean height was 173.05 ± 6.56 cm, mean weight was 59.14 ± 24.38 kg, and mean arm span was 171.58 ± 8.85 cm. No significant changes were found between the mean values of chosen COP parameters corresponding to the Experimental and to the Control group, respectively. Conclusions: Three weeks of TRX suspension training seem to be insufficient for modifications to occur in the static balance of junior basketball players. For future studies, a longer training period should be considered in order to see if there are any ways in which the TRX method affects static balance in junior athletes. Metoda de antrenament TRX și echilibrul static la baschetbaliști juniori. Introducere: Descrisă ca o metodă ingenioasă de pregătire fizică, antrenamentul realizat prin suspensie a fost dezvoltat pe baza conceptului de instabilitate. Acest studiu a avut ca scop investigarea rezultatelor unui program de antrenament cu durata de trei săptămâni obținut cu ajutorul sistemului TRX asupra echilibrului static al baschetbaliștilor juniori. Materiale și metode: La acest studiu au participat doisprezece baschetbaliști juniori din cadrul clubului “U” Mobitelco din Cluj-Napoca. Participanții au fost împărțiți aleatoriu în două grupe: Experimentală (n=6) și de Control (n=6). Timp de trei săptămâni, sportivii din grupa Experimentală au efectuat câte trei antrenamente pe săptămână utilizând TRX-ul. Înainte de perioada de antrenamente, toții subiecții studiului au participat la măsurători antropometrice (înălțime, greutate, anvergura brațelor). Echilibrul static, evaluat ca excursia centrului de presiune (CDP), a fost măsurat cu o platformă AMTI® (model BP400600, Advanced Mechanical Technology Inc., Watertown, MA, USA) în cazul ambelor membre inferioare, atât înainte cât și după perioada de antrenamente. Rezultate: Vârsta medie a participanților a fost de 13.33 ± 0.49 ani, înălțimea medie a fost de 173.05 ± 6.56 cm, greutatea medie a fost de 59.14 ± 24.38 kg și anvergura medie a brațelor a fost de 171.58 ± 8.85 cm. Nu s-au observat diferențe semnificative din punct de vedere statistic între valorile medii ale parametrilor centrului de presiune corespunzători valorilor măsurate în cazul grupelor Experimentală și, respectiv, de Control. Concluzii: Trei săptămâni de antrenament cu metoda TRX par a fi insuficiente pentru a fi observate modificări în ceea ce privește echilibrul static al baschetbaliștilor juniori. Pe viitor, ar trebui luată în calcul o perioadă de antrenament mai lungă pentru a investiga dacă există vreo modalitate în care antrenamentul cu TRX afectează echilibrul static al sportivilor juniori. Cuvinte cheie: echilibru static, centru de presiune, metoda de antrenament TRX, jucători de baschet juniori

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Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Educatio Artis Gymnasticae is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: The influence of acute ozone (O3) exposure on the tissue oxidant/antioxidant (O/AO) balance in the brain, myocardium, lungs and striated muscles was studied at rest and during exercise. Material and Methods: The research was performed in 3 groups of white male Wistar rats with a weight of 280-300 g: Group I – control group, sedentary rats under normoxia conditions; Group II – sedentary rats, acutely exposed to O3; Group III – animals acutely exposed to O3, followed by exercise under normoxia conditions. The rats were exposed to ozone for 3 days, 5 min/day. Group III was trained daily for 3 days under normoxia conditions by the swimming test. In order to determine the indicators of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, tissue samples from the brain, myocardium, lungs and quadriceps muscle of the anesthetized animals were taken. On the third day the following were measured: malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC), hydrogen donor capacity (HD) and total sulfhydryl (thiol) group content (SH). Results: Between the indicators of the tissue O/AO balance, significant correlations were evidenced in the brain, myocardium, lungs and muscles. Conclusions: Acute combined stress through O3 pre-exposure and exercise causes OS on account of PC in the brain, myocardium and muscles, a decrease in AO defense capacity on account of HD in the brain, lungs and muscles, and an increase in AO defense capacity in the myocardium.