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327 results on '"Itzler, Mark A."'

1. Advances in InGaAs/InP single-photon detector systems for quantum communication

Author

Zhang, Jun, Itzler, Mark A., Zbinden, Hugo, and Pan, Jian-Wei

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Single-photon detectors (SPDs) are the most sensitive instruments for light detection. In the near-infrared range, SPDs based on III-V compound semiconductor avalanche photodiodes have been extensively used during the past two decades for diverse applications due to their advantages in practicality including small size, low cost and easy operation. In the past decade, the rapid developments and increasing demands in quantum information science have served as key drivers to improve the device performance of single-photon avalanche diodes and to invent new avalanche quenching techniques. This Review aims to introduce the technology advances of InGaAs/InP single-photon detector systems in the telecom wavelengths and the relevant quantum communication applications, and particularly to highlight recent emerging techniques such as high-frequency gating at GHz rates and free-running operation using negative-feedback avalanche diodes. Future perspectives of both the devices and quenching techniques are summarized., Comment: Invited review article. 31 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in Light: Science & Applications

Published
2015
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2. Free Running Single Photon Detection based on a negative feedback InGaAs APD

Author

Lunghi, Tommaso, Barreiro, Claudio, Guinnard, Olivier, Houlmann, Raphael, Jiang, Xudong, Itzler, Mark A., and Zbinden, Hugo

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Quantum Physics
Abstract

InGaAs/InP-based semiconductor avalanche photodiode are usually employed for single-photon counting at telecom wavelength. However they are affected by afterpulsing which limits the diode performance. Recently, Princeton Lightwave has commercialised a diode integrating monolithically a feedback resistor. This solution effectively quenches the avalanche and drastically reduces afterpulsing. Here, we report the development and characterization of a detector module based on this diode, implementing an active hold-off circuit which further reduces the afterpulsing and notably improves the detector performances. We demonstrate free-running operation with 600 Hz dark count rate at 10% detection efficiency. We also improved the standard double-window technique for the afterpulsing characterization. Our algorithm implemented by a FPGA allows to put the APD in a well-defined initial condition and to measure the impact of the higher order afterpulses., Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures. Submitted to Journal of Modern Optics

Published
2012
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3. An Ultra-Low Noise Telecom Wavelength Free Running Single Photon Detector Using Negative Feedback Avalanche Diode

Author

Yan, Zhizhong, Hamel, Deny R., Heinrichs, Aimee K., Jiang, Xudong, Itzler, Mark A., and Jennewein, Thomas

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Quantum Physics
Abstract

It is challenging to implement genuine free running single photon detectors for the 1550 nm wavelength range with simultaneously high detection efficiency (DE), low dark noise, and good time resolution. We report a novel read out system for the signals from a negative feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) which allows useful operation of these devices at a temperature of 193 K and results in very low dark counts (~100 CPS), good time jitter (~30 ps), and good DE (~10%). We characterized two NFADs with a time correlation method using photons generated from weak coherent pulses (WCP) and photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). The inferred detector efficiencies for both types of photon sources agree with each other. The best noise equivalent power of the device is estimated to be 8.1 x 10^(-18) W Hz^(-1/2), more than 10 times better than typical InP/InGaAs SPADs show in free running mode. The afterpulsing probability was found to be less than 0.1% per ns at the optimized operating point. In addition, we studied the performance of an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) using these detectors and develop a model for the quantum bit error rate (QBER) that incorporates the afterpulsing coefficients. We verified experimentally that using these NFADs it is feasible to implement QKD over 400 km of telecom fibre. Our NFAD photon detector system is very simple, and is well suited for single-photon applications where ultra-low noise and free-running operation is required, and some afterpulsing can be tolerated., Comment: 28 pages, 16 figures, and 1 table

Published
2012
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7. Deep confocal fluorescence microscopy with single-photon superconducting nanowire detector

Author

Xia, Fei, Gevers, Monique, Fognini, Andreas, Mok, Aaron T., Li, Bo, Akabri, Najva, Esmaeil Zadeh, I.Z., Qin-Dregely, Y., Xu, Chris, Itzler, Mark A., Bienfang, Joshua C., and McIntosh, K. Alex

Abstract

Using short-wave infrared wavelength advantages, we demonstrate one-photon fluorescence confocal microscopy of adult mouse brains with penetration depths up to 1.7mm. This is achieved by labeling quantum dots with 1300 nm excitation and 1700 nm emission and detecting them with a single-photon superconducting nanowire detector.

Published
2022

13. Afterpulsing effects in free-running InGaAsP single-photon avalanche diodes

Author

Xudong Jiang, Itzler, Mark A., Ben-Michael, Rafael, Slomkowski, Krystyna, Krainak, Michael A., Wu, Stewart, and Xiaoli Sun

Subjects
Optical radar -- Analysis, SPECT imaging -- Design and construction, SPECT imaging -- Analysis, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Large-area InP-based single-photon avalanche diodes for Geiger-mode operation at 1.06 m with dark count rates of approximately 1000 Hz at high detection efficiencies of 30 percent at 237 K are examined. Results suggest the strong impact of afterpulsing effects for short hold-off times.

Published
2008

14. High Efficiency Planar Geometry Germanium-on-silicon Single-photon Avalanche Diode Detectors

Author

Thorburn, Fiona E., Huddleston, Laura L., Kirdoda, Jaroslaw, Millar, Ross W., Ferre Llin, Lourdes, Yi, Xin, Paul, Douglas J., Buller, Gerald S., Itzler, Mark A., McIntosh, K. Alex, and Bienfang, Joshua C.

Abstract

This paper presents the performance of 26 μm and 50 μm diameter planar Ge-on-Si single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors. The addition of germanium in these detectors extends the spectral range into the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region, beyond the capability of already well-established Si SPAD devices. There are several advantages for extending the spectral range into the SWIR region including: reduced eye-safety laser threshold, greater attainable ranges, and increased depth resolution in range finding applications, in addition to the enhanced capability to image through obscurants such as fog and smoke. The time correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) technique has been utilized to observe record low dark count rates, below 100 kHz at a temperature of 125 K for up to a 6.6 % excess bias, for the 26 μm diameter devices. Under identical experimental conditions, in terms of excess bias and temperature, the 50 μm diameter device consistently demonstrates dark count rates a factor of 4 times greater than 26 μm diameter devices, indicating that the dark count rate is proportional to the device volume. Single-photon detection efficiencies of up to ~ 29 % were measured at a wavelength of 1310 nm at 125 K. Noise equivalent powers (NEP) down to 9.8 × 10-17 WHz-1/2 and jitters < 160 ps are obtainable, both significantly lower than previous 100 μm diameter planar geometry devices, demonstrating the potential of these devices for highly sensitive and high-speed imaging in the SWIR.

Published
2020

15. Semiconductor-Based Detectors

Author

Cova, Sergio, primary, Ghioni, Massimo, additional, Itzler, Mark A., additional, Bienfang, Joshua C., additional, and Restelli, Alessandro, additional

Published
2013
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16. InGaAsP/InP Geiger-mode APD-based LiDAR (Erratum)

Author

Jiang, Xudong, primary, Wilton, Samuel, additional, Kudryashov, Igor V., additional, Itzler, Mark A., additional, Entwistle, Mark, additional, Kotelnikov, Jack, additional, Katsnelson, Alexei, additional, Piccione, Brian, additional, Owens, Mark, additional, Slomkowski, Krystyna, additional, Roszko, Scott, additional, and Rangwala, Sabbir, additional

Published
2020
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17. Geiger-mode focal plane arrays enable SWIR 3D imaging: by hybridizing Geiger-mode APD arrays to suitable CMOS readout integrated circuits, a focal-plane array can be developed that serves as an ideal sensor engine for 3D imaging lidar systems with single-photon sensitivity at SWIR wavelengths

Author

Itzler, Mark and Entwistle, Mark

Subjects
Remote sensing -- Technology application, Semiconductor industry -- Technology application, Sensors -- Usage -- Technology application, Integrated circuits -- Usage -- Technology application, Optical radar -- Usage -- Technology application, Automobiles -- Motors, engines, etc., Semiconductor chips -- Usage -- Technology application, Complementary metal oxide semiconductors -- Usage -- Technology application, Semiconductor industry, Standard IC, Technology application, Business, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

One of the most dramatic transformations taking place in the field of imaging is the growing prevalence of three-dimensional (3D) imagery. The display of 3D imagery is emerging as an [...]

Published
2011

18. Negative feedback avalanche diode

Author

Itzler, Mark Allen

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

A single-photon avalanche detector is disclosed that is operable at wavelengths greater than 1000 nm and at operating speeds greater than 10 MHz. The single-photon avalanche detector comprises a thin-film resistor and avalanche photodiode that are monolithically integrated such that little or no additional capacitance is associated with the addition of the resistor.

Published
2010

25. InGaAsP Avalanche Photodetectors for Non-Gated 1.06 micrometer Photon-Counting Receivers

Author

Itzler, Mark A, Jiang, Xudong, Ben-Michael, Rafael, Slomkowski, Krystyna, and Krainak, Michael A

Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography
Abstract

The efficient detection of single photons at 1.06 micron is of considerable interest for lidar/ladar systems designed for remote sensing an d ranging as well as for free-space optical transmission in photon-st arved applications. However, silicon-based single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) used at shorter wavelengths have very low single photon d etection efficiency (approximately 1 - 2%) at 1.06 micron, and InP/In GaAs SPADs designed for telecommunications wavelengths near 1.5 micro n exhibit high dark count rates that generally inhibit non-gated (free-running) operation. To bridge this "single photon detection gap" for wavelengths just beyond 1 micron, we have developed high performance , large area (80 - 200 micron diameter) InP-based InGaAsP quaternary absorber SPADs optimized for operation at 1.06 micron and based on a highly reliable planar geometry avalanche photodiode structure. We wil l show that dark count rates are sufficiently low to allow for non-ga ted operation while achieving detection efficiencies far surpassing t hose found for Si SPADs. At a detection efficiency of 10%, 80 micron diameter devices exhibit dark count rates below 1000 Hz and count rate s of at least 3 MHz when operated at -40 C. Significantly higher dete ction efficiencies (30 - 50%) are achievable with acceptable tradeoff s in dark count rate. In this paper, we will also discuss performance modeling for these devices and compare their behavior with longer wav elength InP-based InGaAs ternary absorber SPADs fabricated on a relat ed device design platform.

Published
2007

26. Effective parameters jc and lamba(j) at commensurate fields in large Josephson junctions with periodic columnar defects

Author

Itzler, Mark A. and Tinkham, M.

Subjects
Superconductive devices -- Research, Josephson junction -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The flux pinning mechanisms at commensurate fields in large Josephson junctions containing periodic columnar defects lead the junction to assume zero-field behavior. This may be explained by two field-dependent parameters, effective critical current density and effective penetration depth. To validate the existence of the two parameters, static and dynamic measurements have been carried out.

Published
1995

33. New frontiers for commercial SNSPDs

Author

Itzler, Mark A., Bienfang, Joshua C., McIntosh, K. Alex, Rambo, Timothy M., Doredla, Jeremy, Jones, Hudson, Oshiro, Leo, Conover, Amy R., Boyd, Stephanie, and Miller, Aaron J.

Published
2024
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44. InGaAsP/InP Geiger-mode APD-based LiDAR

Author

Jiang, Xudong, primary, Wilton, Samuel, additional, Kudryashov, Igor, additional, Itzler, Mark A., additional, Entwistle, Mark, additional, Kotelnikov, Jack, additional, Katsnelson, Alexei, additional, Piccione, Brian, additional, Owens, Mark, additional, Slomkowski, Krys, additional, Roszko, Scott, additional, and Rangwala, Sabbir, additional

Published
2018
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