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ABSTRACT Recently, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), which use the spin polarization of alkali metal atoms to measure magnetic fields, have attracted much attention. However, in order to realize high‐sensitivity biomagnetic field measurements using OPMs, it is necessary to reduce environmental magnetic noise and system noise. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of the noise reduction of OPM signals when principal component analysis, independent component analysis, and empirical mode decomposition are used for signal processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate visual outcomes between medical treatment alone (MED) and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation (AGVI) in Shiba dogs with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Procedures: Records of 65 Shiba dogs (104 eyes) with PACG were retrospectively reviewed. Vision was assessed qualitatively using both the menace response and maze testing. The significance of age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP), and duration of clinical signs (≤72 h or >72 h) at first presentation (V1) was assessed. Eyes with vision at V1 were divided into groups according to subsequent treatment method (MED versus AGVI), and vision as a survival outcome was compared between group by the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: At V1, 65 eyes (62.5%) of 54 dogs had vision. There was no statistically significant difference in age or sex on the presence of vision at V1. Median IOP was higher in blind (52 mmHg) compared to sighted eyes (28 mmHg) (p <.001). Eyes presenting in ≤72 h of the onset of clinical signs were more likely to have vision (86.7%) compared to those presenting after 72 h (44.1%) (p <.001). By the Kaplan–Meier analysis, the cumulative visual retention rate was significantly higher with AGVI than with MED (69.2% vs. 7.7%; p <.01) at 12 months. The median time to visual loss was 39.9 months with AGVI vs. 1.7 months with MED. Conclusions: AGVI resulted in better visual outcomes than MED and should be considered in Shiba dogs with PACG that are visual at the time of presentation and suitable for surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutations in the gene encoding the transient receptor potential vanilloid member 4 (TRPV4), a Ca2+ permeable nonselective cation channel, cause TRPV4‐related disorders. TRPV4 is widely expressed in the brain; however, the pathogenesis underlying TRPV4‐mediated Ca2+ deregulation in neurodevelopment remains unresolved and an effective therapeutic strategy remains to be established. These issues were addressed by isolating mutant dental pulp stem cells from a tooth donated by a child diagnosed with metatropic dysplasia with neurodevelopmental comorbidities caused by a gain‐of‐function TRPV4 mutation, c.1855C > T (p.L619F). The mutation was repaired using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate corrected isogenic stem cells. These stem cells were differentiated into dopaminergic neurons and the pharmacological effects of folic acid were examined. In mutant neurons, constitutively elevated cytosolic Ca2+ augmented AKT‐mediated α‐synuclein (α‐syn) induction, resulting in mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and dysfunction. The TRPV4 antagonist, AKT inhibitor, or α‐syn knockdown, normalizes the mitochondrial Ca2+ levels in mutant neurons, suggesting the importance of mutant TRPV4/Ca2+/AKT‐induced α‐syn in mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. Folic acid was effective in normalizing mitochondrial Ca2+ levels via the transcriptional repression of α‐syn and improving mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and neurite outgrowth of mutant neurons. This study provides new insights into the neuropathological mechanisms underlying TRPV4‐related disorders and related therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent observations beneath central Japan have shown that periodic fluid drainage occurs during slow‐slip events (SSEs) based on temporal variations in QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ above the megathrust boundary of the subducting Philippine Sea slab. However, no previous studies have estimated associated QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$. A comparison of QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ and QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ can provide clues to the mechanism of seismic attenuation because of different propagation characteristics of the two waves. We estimate temporal variations in QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ and QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ via spectral analyses of waveform data from November 2009 to August 2021 period. The results indicate that both QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ and QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ exhibit temporal variations at about 1‐year periodicity and there are systematic differences between QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ and QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ that QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ have smaller values, less insignificant variation, and weaker correlations with SSEs. Furthermore, QP−1/QS−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}/{Q}_{S}^{-1}$ increases concurrent with SSEs. These differences suggest that attenuation is caused by the wave‐induced fluid flow. QP−1/QS−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}/{Q}_{S}^{-1}$ could be an important parameter for detecting the presence of fluid. Plain Language Summary: Q−1 ${Q}^{-1}$ value, which represents energy dissipation of seismic wave, is an important parameter for detecting the anelastic heterogeneity in subsurface rocks. However, few observational studies have revealed the characteristics of both P‐ and S‐wave attenuation (QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ and QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$, respectively) related to the presence of fluids in the crust and the uppermost mantle. This study reveals that both QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ and QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ show temporal variations associated with the inferred periodic drainage from the upper surface of a subducting slab but QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ is less fluctuated with time. We discuss a possible attenuation mechanism focusing on the differences in the observed QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ and QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ values and propose that the wave‐induced fluid flow (WIFF) may be a dominant control on the increases in attenuation concurrent with the drainage from the megathrust. The obtained results will provide important constraints on attenuation mechanism that is enhanced by the presence of fluid in rocks. Key Points: We estimated the long‐term temporal variations in QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ and QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ at 20–45 Hz above the megathrust boundary of the Philippine Sea PlateBoth QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ and QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ exhibited temporal variations with about 1‐year periodicity and spatiotemporal correlations with slow‐slip eventsSystematic differences between QP−1 ${Q}_{P}^{-1}$ and QS−1 ${Q}_{S}^{-1}$ may provide important constraints on attenuation mechanism enhanced by fluids [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]