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2. Current-readout technique for ultra-high-rate experiments

Author

Wakata, Maki, Akamatsu, Shoei, Fujiie, Takuhiro, Furuyama, Taisei, Hara, Lisa, Ishikawa, Yumi, Ito, Tadashi, Kikuchi, Takahiro, Mibe, Tsutomu, Ozaki, Sachi, Yokomizo, Mitsuhiko, and Murata, Jiro

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This study developed a new current-readout technique capable of handling measurements with high count rates reaching 1 Gcps. By directly capturing the output current of a photomultiplier as a digitized waveform, we estimated event rates, overcoming the limitations imposed by pulse pileup constraints and deadtimes. This innovative method was applied to a muon spin rotation/relaxation/resonance experiment at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, demonstrating its anticipated performance. Furthermore, we explored methods for estimating statistical uncertainty and investigated potential applications in analog-logic OR/AND gates. Overall, our findings reveal that the developed technique opens up avenues for the development of future non-binary logic circuits operating based on n-adic numbers.

Published
2024

17. Effects of Dance Music on Motor Skills and Balance in Children: An Observational Cohort Study.

Author

Ito, Tadashi, Sugiura, Hideshi, Natsume, Kentaro, Narahara, Sho, Sugimoto, Yoshifumi, Matsuzawa, Emi, Fujita, Hitomi, Ito, Yuji, Yamazaki, Kazunori, Shimizu, Natsuki, Noritake, Koji, and Ochi, Nobuhiko

Subjects
MOTOR ability, LEG, ADIPOSE tissues, T-test (Statistics), DATA analysis, MUSIC therapy, SCIENTIFIC observation, CLINICAL trials, BACK, TREATMENT effectiveness, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, MUSCLE strength, PRE-tests & post-tests, STATISTICS, HEALTH outcome assessment, DATA analysis software, DANCE therapy, POSTURAL balance, COVID-19 pandemic, GRIP strength, PHYSICAL activity, TIME, CHILDREN
Abstract

Background/Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, children in Japan were restricted from sports and outdoor activities. Regular physical activity is essential for healthy growth and development in children, with recommendations advocating for activities such as strength training. However, the long-term effects of the restrictions have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an "exercise class", specifically a dance program, designed to improve motor function in elementary school children affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which may have compromised their motor function. Methods: The dance program was developed by a sports science teacher, a professional dancer, and a physical therapist, and it was evaluated in a community-based participatory study. Trained dance instructors conducted one-hour dance sessions in a medical center, held once a week for two months from June to August 2023. A physical therapist and dance instructors led the elementary school children. Outcome measures included grip strength, lower extremity muscle strength, back muscle strength, dynamic balance function during movement, physical activity time, and body fat percentages. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: Twenty-four children aged 6–9 years participated in the exercise class over a two-month period. Improvement was observed in grip strength, lower extremity muscle strength, and dynamic balance function during movement. However, physical activity time, body fat percentages, and back muscle strength did not change. Conclusions: The results indicated a significant improvement in motor skills. Dance is an inexpensive program that elementary school children can enjoy while improving their motor skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Effect of levodopa on pathological gait in Dravet syndrome: A randomized crossover trial using three‐dimensional gait analysis

Author

Suzuki, Takeshi, primary, Natsume, Jun, additional, Ito, Yuji, additional, Ito, Tadashi, additional, Noritake, Koji, additional, Kinoshita, Fumie, additional, Fukasawa, Tatsuya, additional, Tsuji, Takeshi, additional, Itomi, Kazuya, additional, Kurahashi, Hirokazu, additional, Kubota, Kazuo, additional, Okanishi, Tohru, additional, Saitoh, Shinji, additional, Sugiura, Hideshi, additional, Watanabe, Hirohisa, additional, Takahashi, Yoshiyuki, additional, and Kidokoro, Hiroyuki, additional

Published
2024
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21. Pathological gait in Rett syndrome: Quantitative evaluation using three-dimensional gait analysis

Author

Suzuki, Takeshi, Ito, Yuji, Ito, Tadashi, Kidokoro, Hiroyuki, Noritake, Koji, Tsujimura, Keita, Saitoh, Shinji, Yamamoto, Hiroyuki, Ochi, Nobuhiko, Ishihara, Naoko, Yasui, Izumi, Sugiura, Hideshi, Nakata, Tomohiko, Natsume, Jun, Suzuki, Takeshi, Ito, Yuji, Ito, Tadashi, Kidokoro, Hiroyuki, Noritake, Koji, Tsujimura, Keita, Saitoh, Shinji, Yamamoto, Hiroyuki, Ochi, Nobuhiko, Ishihara, Naoko, Yasui, Izumi, Sugiura, Hideshi, Nakata, Tomohiko, and Natsume, Jun

Abstract

Objectives: Ataxic-rigid gait is a characteristic gait pathology in patients with Rett syndrome (RTT). In the present study, we aimed to quantitatively evaluate gait pathology in patients with RTT using three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA). Methods: We performed 3DGA in 11 patients with RTT ranging from 5 to 18 years (median age, 9 years) and in 33 age-matched healthy female controls. We compared the results of 3DGA, including spatiotemporal gait parameters and comprehensive indices of gait kinematics, such as the Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and Gait Profile Score (GPS), between the two groups. The GPS consists of nine sub-indices called Gait Variable Scores (GVSs). Decline in GDI or elevation of GPS and GVS indicated greater abnormal gait pathology. Results: The patients demonstrated significantly slower walking speed, lower step length/length of the lower extremities, lower cadence, wider step width, and higher coefficient of variation of step length than the controls. Moreover, the patients had a lower GDI and higher GPS than the controls. The patients also exhibited higher GVSs for eight out of nine gait kinematics, particularly the sagittal plane in the pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle joint; coronal plane in the pelvis and hip joint; and horizontal plane in the pelvis than the controls. Conclusions: Quantitative evaluation of gait pathology in patients with RTT is possible using 3DGA. We found that in addition to ataxic-rigid gait, abnormalities in the coronal plane of the pelvis and hip joint and the horizontal plane of the pelvis were prominent.

Published
2024

27. Targeted vibratory therapy as a treatment for proprioceptive dysfunction: Clinical trial in older patients with chronic low back pain.

Author

Sakai, Yoshihito, Morita, Yoshifumi, Kawai, Keitaro, Fukuhara, Jo, Ito, Tadashi, Yamazaki, Kazunori, Watanabe, Tsuyoshi, Wakao, Norimitsu, and Matsui, Hiroki

Subjects
PROPRIOCEPTION, CHRONIC pain, OLDER patients, LUMBAR pain, CLINICAL trials, OLDER people, BRAIN stimulation
Abstract

Introduction: Proprioceptive function declines with age, leading to falls, pain, and difficulties in performing activities of daily living among older adults. Although individuals with low back pain (LBP) exhibit decreased lumbosacral proprioception in various postures, the mechanism by which reduced proprioceptive function causes LBP remains uncertain. Vibratory stimulation may enhance proprioceptive function; however, its efficacy in treating LBP has not been investigated. Thus, we investigated the feasibility of improving proprioceptive function and its effect on alleviating chronic LBP in older patients through targeted vibratory therapy (TVT) administration. Methods: This single arm designed trial included older patients aged >65 years with non-specific chronic LBP. TVT involved applying vibratory stimulation, matching the frequency of dysfunctional receptors, for 1 min daily over 14 days to activate proprioceptors; patients performed TVT three times daily at home. In cases of reduced proprioceptive function at multiple sites, TVT was aimed at the lowest frequency band value. LBP and proprioceptive function were evaluated at 2 weeks after TVT and at 2 weeks after the end of TVT in patients with declined proprioception in the trunk or lower extremities. Results: Overall, 56 patients with chronic LBP were enrolled; 32 patients were recruited for treatment based on a proprioceptive dysfunction diagnosis and 24 patients were recruited with a normal diagnosis with no significant differences observed between the two sets of patients in sarcopenia-related factors and clinical proprioception-related characteristics. No patient had any adverse events. Two weeks after TVT, the numerical pain rating scale score improved to <3 points in 78.1% of patients, with 73.1% of patients achieving a score of ≤ 3 points. Proprioceptive function improved in 81.3% of cases, and engagement in activities of daily living improved significantly. Conclusions: TVT demonstrated efficacy in improving proprioception and alleviating LBP in older patients with impaired proprioceptive function without affecting non-targeted proprioceptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Duty-Free, Quota-Free Market Access Initiative: A Review

Author

Ito, Tadashi and Shirai, Katsunori

Subjects
Generalised System of Preference (GSP), Duty Free Quota Free access (DFQF), WTO
Abstract

application/pdf, This study reviewed the DFQF access initiatives for the LDCs agreed at the WTO meeting in 2005. After explaining the background of the DFQF initiatives, we summarised the DFQF initiatives of the major developed-country members along with the cases of South Korea and China. The developed member countries began preferential treatment of LDCs in the 1970s and 1980s before accelerating their initiatives in the early 2000s.Further enhancements were implemented in and after 2005. The initiatives of the European Union, Canada, Australia, and Japan are not selective for either countries or products while the zero-tariff scheme of the United States is somewhat selective. The initiatives of South Korea and China are selective with regard to products and/or countries. While the European Union, Canada, Australia, and Japan have achieved almost full zero-tariff coverage of all tariff lines, the coverage ratio of the United States has reached about 85%. Econometric analyses using the triple difference estimator method showed that the DFQF programmes of Australia and Canada were found to be positively associated with LDC exports to these countries whereas those of the United States, Japan, and the European Union show no positive association.

Published
2023

41. Multi-chord observation of stellar occultation by the near-Earth asteroid (3200) Phaethon on 2021 October 3 (UTC) with very high accuracy

Author

Yoshida, Fumi, primary, Hayamizu, Tsutomu, additional, Miyashita, Kazuhisa, additional, Watanabe, Hiroyuki, additional, Yamamura, Hidehito, additional, Akitaya, Hiroshi, additional, Asai, Akira, additional, Fujiwara, Yasunori, additional, Goto, Tateki, additional, Hashimoto, George L, additional, Hatanaka, Akitoshi, additional, Horaguchi, Toshihiro, additional, Ida, Miyoshi, additional, Imamura, Kazuyoshi, additional, Isobe, Ken, additional, Ishiguro, Masateru, additional, Kaizuka, Noboru, additional, Kasebe, Hisashi, additional, Kawasaki, Yohei, additional, Kim, Taewoo, additional, Kitazaki, Katsuhiko, additional, Manago, Norihiro, additional, Matsumura, Masafumi, additional, Matsushita, Hiroshi, additional, Matsuura, Shuji, additional, Nakamura, Takahiro, additional, Nagata, Toshihiro, additional, Noda, Hirotomo, additional, Ogawa, Masaaki, additional, Ohshima, Osamu, additional, Owada, Minoru, additional, Saitou, Kazuyuki, additional, Tsumura, Mitsunori, additional, Ueyama, Yoshihiro, additional, Watanabe, Hayato, additional, Yamamoto, Masa-yuki, additional, Yoshihara, Hideki, additional, Fujiwara, Takao, additional, Haraguchi, Miyu, additional, Hayashi, Hironori, additional, Hitotsuda, Tomoya, additional, Horikawa, Toshihiro, additional, Ishida, Kai, additional, Ito, Tadashi, additional, Jin, Sunho, additional, Kang, Wonseok, additional, Katayama, Toshihiko, additional, Kawabata, Koji S, additional, Kawasaki, Ryosuke, additional, Kim, Kihyeon, additional, Kita, Masayuki, additional, Kitazaki, Naoko, additional, Kurisu, Hiroya, additional, Matsushima, Makoto, additional, Matsumi, Chika, additional, Mihari, Ayami, additional, Naka, Masaru, additional, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, additional, Nishihama, Reiko, additional, Nishiyama, Yukio, additional, Nukui, Sadao, additional, Oba, Masahiko, additional, Okamoto, Takaya, additional, Omori, Yujiro, additional, Seo, Jinguk, additional, Shirakawa, Hiroki, additional, Sugino, Tomoshi, additional, Tani, Yuki, additional, Takagaki, Kazuhiko, additional, Ueda, Yukikazu, additional, Urakawa, Seitaro, additional, Watanabe, Masanari, additional, Yamashita, Kouhei, additional, Yamashita, Misato, additional, Sato, Isao, additional, Murayama, Shosaku, additional, Arai, Tomoko, additional, Herald, David, additional, and Higuchi, Arika, additional

Published
2022
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47. Gait performance and dual-task costs in school-aged children with Down syndrome

Author

Ito, Yuji, primary, Ito, Tadashi, additional, Ohno, Atsuko, additional, Kubota, Tetsuo, additional, Tanemura, Kaori, additional, Narahara, Sho, additional, Kataoka, Erina, additional, Hyodo, Reina, additional, Sugiyama, Yuichiro, additional, Hattori, Tetsuo, additional, Kidokoro, Hiroyuki, additional, Sugiura, Hideshi, additional, Noritake, Koji, additional, Natsume, Jun, additional, and Ochi, Nobuhiko, additional

Published
2022
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48. Proprioception and Geriatric Low Back Pain

Author

Sakai, Yoshihito, primary, Watanabe, Tsuyoshi, additional, Wakao, Norimitsu, additional, Matsui, Hiroki, additional, Osada, Naoaki, additional, Sugiura, Takaya, additional, Morita, Yoshifumi, additional, Kawai, Keitaro, additional, Ito, Tadashi, additional, and Yamazaki, Kazunori, additional

Published
2022
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