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In a peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay network, large number of peer processes are cooperating by exchanging messages. In multimedia streaming applications like music streaming, multimedia data is required to be efficiently and reliably delivered to processes in a real-time manner. Scalable and reliable streaming service is required in P2P overlay networks since large number of leaf peer processes asynchronously issue requests. In this paper, we propose a new model named asynchronous multi-source streaming (AMSS) model where multiple contents peers transmit packets of multimedia contents to each requesting leaf peer. Here, each of the contents peers transmits different packets with some redundancy to the peer in order to be tolerant of faulty contents peers and packets lost. Even if some contents peers are faulty and packets are lost, each leaf peer can receive all the packets in real-time manner. Furthermore, even if a large number of leaf peers issue requests, each contents peer can support the leaf peers with enough quality of contents service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously reported the effects of diet, sulphonylureas or insulin on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, phosphoinositide metabolism and protein phosphorylation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. To clarify the mechanism of glyburide and insulin on platelet function, here we studied the in vitro effects of glyburide and insulin on thrombin-induced metabolic changes using normal human platelets. Platelet aggregation stimulated with <0.5 U/ml thrombin, 0.75-3 mu M adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or 1 mu g/ml collagen was significantly lower in glyburide-treated platelets, but not in insulin-treated platelets, than in untreated ones (control). Thrombin-induced incorporation of 32P radioactivity into phosphatidic acid (PA) in glyburide-treated platelets was lower than that in control but not in insulin-treated platelets. Phosphorylated proteins of platelets induced by thrombin and 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in glyburide-treated platelets were suppressed, but not in insulin-treated platelets, compared with control. These results suggest that glyburide induces suppression of thrombin-induced activation of phospholipase C, which mediates hydrolysis of PIP and PIP2 and production of PA, and subsequently inhibits platelet aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cr xGe1− x ( x ∼ 0.08) films were grown on GaAs (001) and Ge (001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, and their magnetic and transport properties have been studied in the temperature range between 1.8 and 300 K. All of the films exhibited weak paramagnetic behavior. Transport measurements showed that magnetoresistance ratio and the anomalous Hall resistance depend on the Cr concentration x and the kinds of substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]