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Now, Balthazar, as I have ever found thee honest, true, So let me find thee still: Take this same letter, And use thou all the endeavour of a man, In [...]

Abstract: Italian author, director and media personality Andrea Camilleri has attained extraordinary fame over the past forty years becoming a cultural phenomenon in Italy. He is perhaps best known for [...]

How word production unfolds remains controversial. Serial models posit that phonological encoding begins only after lexical node selection, whereas cascade models hold that it can occur before selection. Both models were evaluated by testing whether unselected lexical nodes influence phonological encoding in the picture-picture interference paradigm. English speakers were shown pairs of superimposed pictures and were instructed to name one picture and ignore another. Naming was faster when target pictures were paired with phonologically related (bed-bell) than with unrelated (bed-pin) distractors. This suggests that the unspoken distractors exerted a phonological influence on production. This finding is inconsistent with serial models but in line with cascade ones. The facilitation effect was not replicated in Italian with the same pictures, supporting the view that the effect found in English was caused by the phonological properties of the stimuli.

Italian operas can be analyzed for their use of the second-person singular form of address in the Italian language. While many languages have two such forms, familiar and formal, Italian also has an intermediate third form. This could be called the respectful or polite form. The operas 'La Boheme' and 'Don Giovanni' serve as examples for analysis.