Search

This paper deals with the Italian periphrastic passive and its auxiliaries venire and essere from an aspectual point of view, based on the Czech language. After a short summary of the main differences between Czech and Italian regarding the notion of verbal aspect and periphrastic passive, it analyses a generally expected claim that in the present tense passive constructions containing the auxiliary venire should be translated into Czech with a higher incidence of imperfective verbs than of passive constructions containing the auxiliary essere. This trend should not be found in the simple past tense or in the imperfect tense. The analysis confirms a difference in the present tense, but does not confirm its absence in the past tenses. Moreover, the difference between the two auxiliaries is even more apparent in the imperfect tense.

Budoucí operní zpěváci na konzervatořích v České republice studují italštinu jako cizí jazyka, ale zároveň potřebují bezezbytku porozumět lyrickému textu spjatému s partiturou, který interpretují. Z tohoto důvodu by jejich jazykové vzdělávání mělo zahrnovat překladové aktivity. Tento příspěvek zahrnuje teoretickou stať, jež analyzuje jazykové aspekty, které ovlivňují překlad ve vztahu ke specifického jazyku lyrických textů, a praktickou část založenou na výzkumu provedeném na studentech Konzervatoře Plzeň, jehož cílem je ukázat veškeré konkrétní aspekty takto specifického překladu. Jazyková analýza se opírá o korpus lyrických textů běžně užívaných během přípravy budoucích operních zpěváků. Výzkum je založen na textech interpretovaných během aktuálního školního roku. Cílem výzkumu je předložit srovnání jazykových znalostí získaných jako výsledek výukových metod a specifických znalostí požadovaných pro překlad italských lyrických textů. Výzkumné otázky, na které se hledá opověď jsou: Pomáhají moderní vyučovací metody překladovému procesu? Jakým způsobem a do jaké míry? Konečně je výzkum rozšířen i o srovnání deklarovaných a předvedených jazykových znalostí účastníků. Budoucí využití představeného výzkumu tkví ve změně vyučovacích metod používaných v jazykovém vzdělávání budoucích operních zpěváků. Future opera singers at conservatories in the Czech Republic study Italian as a foreign language but they also need to understand completely lyric texts related to the scores they interpret; on that account their language education should include translation activities. This paper includes a theoretical part, which analyses linguistic aspects that influence translation related to the specific language of lyric texts, and a practical part based on research conducted with students at the Conservatory of Pilsen, which aims to show all the concrete aspects of such a specific translation. The linguistic analysis is based on the corpus of lyric texts commonly used during the training of future opera singers. The research is based on texts actually interpreted in the current school year. The aim of the research is to provide a comparison of the linguistic knowledge obtained as a benefit of modern teaching methods and the specific knowledge required for the translation of Italian lyric texts. The research questions to be answered are: Do modern teaching methods help the translation process? In what way and to what degree? Finally, the research is extended by a comparison of the declared and performed language knowledge of the participants. The future application of the research presented is the modification of teaching methods used in the language education of future opera singers.

The aim of this paper is twofold: firstly it provides a detailed overview of the canonical approach to inflection (following Corbett 2007; 2009; 2015); secondly it attempts to analyze, within this approach, a typologically interesting phenomenon of mixed perfective auxiliation systems attested in a wide array of Italo-Romance dialects. First, the paper introduces the key notions of Canonical Typology (cf. Bond 2019) applied to inflectional morphology, along with a proposed working Czech terminology of basic terms such as requirements of form etc. Second, the paper proceeds to show that mixed systems, where two auxiliary verbs (corresponding to the derivatives of the Latin verbs habere/ esse) alternate within one and the same paradigm, representing a further way in which periphrastic exponence “splits” the inflectional realization of a lexeme. These systems thus constitute yet another interesting non-canonical inflectional phenomenon worth exploring from the perspective of Canonical Typology

The topic of this bachelor thesis is misspellings and variations in the written use of Italianisms in Czech. In the theoretical part of the thesis, there is a brief introduction starting from the beginning of the Czech National Revival up until nowadays, and it is possible to read about different types of borrowings, their division, types of adaptation and the concept of misspelling. In the practical part, variants of the newly arrived Italianisms in the Czech lexicon are presented according to authentic materials from the gastronomic area. For these borrowings, a detailed analysis focuses on the rate of adaptation and frequency of variants in corpuses SYN2010 and SYN2015. In addition, all variants of Italianisms are searched for in five selected dictionaries focused on the Czech language, and lastly, there is a legend under each table, which includes comments to the misspelling variants.

My diploma thesis deals with phrasal verbs in Italian (it. verbi sintagmatici), such as andare via, andare su, buttare via, mandare gi? etc. In the first part of the thesis I will describe the disposition of these complex verbs theoretically with help of secondary literature. After that I´ll explain their position in current Italian language, especially their frequency of use on the basis of dictionaries and corpuses. The second, practical part is the core of this thesis. The aim of this work is to search Czech opposites of the selected sample of the Italian phrasal verbs. I put emphasis on their possible meanings. The thesis includes the dictionary with meanings of phrasal verbs.

(in English) This thesis examines the creation of new words in a language, specifically with the iterative prefix ri-. The purpose of the thesis is to describe all the prefix restrictions. First, it deals with a general description of vocabulary and the formation of new words with a more detailed focus on derivation and subsequently prefixation. The core of the bachelor thesis is a combination of a corpus and a partial experimental study of verbs with a prefix ri-. On the one hand, a sample of documented verbs from the ItWaC corpus is mapped from the most frequented ones to hapaxes and is characterized by demonstrations from the corpus. On the other hand, the thesis presents verbs that do not accept the prefix ri-. The thesis concludes that the prefix ri- is mostly affected by semantic restrictions. They do not favor conjugation of intransitive, athelical, stative and durative verbs. Among other things, the thesis proved that the prefix ri- cannnot be linked to certain particular prefixes. Key words Italian; word-formation; prefixation; iterative prefix ri-; corpus.

The topic of this dissertation is the category of number in Italian. The goal of the dissertation is to describe this grammatical category in a detailed manner, to create a typology of regular and irregular forming of the plural of Italian nouns and to verify the special cases with the help of Italian synchronous corpuses. At first the grammatical categories are dealt with on a general level, then the situation is shown in Italian. In this part of the dissertation there is also a characterization of a "number" category and regular forming of a plural of nouns. The second part of the dissertation is dedicated to the irregular forming of a number. A typology of nouns with the same irregularities is presented. The focus is mainly on nouns which create two forms of a plural, where the frequency of these nouns is verified in the corpuses.

Aspectual periphrases in Italian and their Czech counterparts in the parallel corpus InterCorp Jakub Němec Ústav románských studií doc. Mgr. Pavel Štichauer, Ph.D. Abstract in English This bachelor's work deals with aspectual periphrases in Italian, theirs division and facts, that these periphrases expresses. First, we will be talking about general linguistic and we will define basic linguistic terms along with grammatical categories, we will be working with. Core of this work is collaboration with internet parallel corpus InterCorp, through which one we will divide these periphrases into groups according to the stage of process, that they express. We will be analysing their particularities, their ability to relate with other verbs and their frequency. At last we will talk about translation of these verbal constructions in Czech and we will compare the issues of aspectuality in tenses in both languages. Key words: Aktionsart, periphrases, ingressive, durativ, conclusive, Czech, Italian, parallel corpus InterCorp

The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to describe the usage of articles and other determinants by possessives. The thesis is divided into two two parts. The goal of the first theoretical part is to describe the theory of possessives with help of the bibliography, primarily their position in relation to articles and determinants. After that the theoretical part aims at the position of possessives in the sentence, their development in history and their comparison with other languages. In the second theoretical part the position of articles and determinants of possessives will be verified using InterCorp. Particularly this part focuses on family members and relatives, the core of this thesis, and the word order in sentences. Finally, all results will be found in a table.

The subject of this thesis is to investigate the Italian names of colours, placing them into context and issue of translation of the names of colours into Czech. The thesis has two parts. The first part theoretical deals in general with colours and colour terms, colour perception, symbologies, research and etymology. This thesis also analyse the process of colour perception throughout history and in the evolution of humans. In the practical part we will then get through five subdivisions to the terms from the area of biology (the names of plants and animals), in which there occurs any of Italian names of colours then we get to idiomatic expressions, uniting with the verb, comparison and collocation, in which there also occur terms indicating colours. In all of these five areas, we analyse similarity between the two languages by using analogous databases in Czech language and translation into Czech language. The aim of this thesis is delimitation of colour terms in the Italian language, their definition, putting into context, confrontation of loose and established closer links and also their comparison with Czech.

The aim of the present thesis is to study the issue of complex predicates and their application in Italian language in order to help students of Italian language to understand the role and possible usage of these constructions. The paper is subdivided in a theoretical part and in applications. The theoretical part defines the basic concept of predication and the types of predicates (the verbal predicate, the verb- nominal and complex predicates). The second part is dedicated to possible applications of the presented phenomenon. The applications are structured in sample constructions drawn from language textbooks and in sample new constructions generated by the rules described in the theoretical part.

The main objective of this master's thesis is to try to compare the verbal system in Italian and Neapolitan language. This thesis will firstly be concerned with the theoretical concepts related to the topic, such as dialect in general, standard language, southern dialects, demarcation of Neapolitan language, verbs in general, etc. In the next part of the thesis, particular verbal modes and tenses will be dealt with - their functions in both languages will be outlined, their formation in Neapolitan explained, and then the similarities and differences highlighted. The way how each phenomenon is formed and used in Neapolitan will be demonstrated on examples taken from Neapolitan literature and music. The sources from which the examples will be taken originate from the period of 1930s up to the present day. In the conclusion, the thesis will try to summarize the acquired information and emphasize the main distinctions between the both verbal systems.

South Tyrol is an autonomous province, which belongs to the Italian Republic. Its territory is specific for several reasons. This is caused by the historical development and also by the fact that South Tyrol is a crossroad where the Germanic culture and language meets the Romanesque one. The citizens are usually bilingual. The language issue offers a large number of topics, which can be further examined. This thesis is focused on language use in the public sector nowadays. First, the historical context of the South Tyrolean question will be explained with focus on language because the current state results from past events. Second, I will explore three following areas of the public sector: communication with public administration, politicians and at school. The main emphasis will be again placed on language. Next, I will deal with the language model of South Tyrol. My goal is to try to answer this question: Is the described model functional, stable and possibly transferable?

The subject of this bachelor thesis is the studying of the use and the meaning of the articles joined with the proper names of persons in italian language. The thesis has two parts the theoretical one and the empirical one. In the theoretical part the article and its forms are defined, also the rules for the use of the article before proper names of persons including exceptions. The empirical part is mostly concerned with the rules of using the definite article. Besides number of occurrence of the aplication the rule and its examples there are mentioned also examples of its breaking. In the chapter dealing with indefinite article several examples are joined with every rule. All the rules are verified with aid of text corpus itWaC.

The main topic of this thesis are the multiword expressions in the italian language. The thesis is divided into two parts - the theorical and the empirical part. The theorical part deals with the multiword expressions, the syntagmas and the idiomatic expressions. In the empirical part the connections between the constituents of the multiword expressions will be researched. Than four criteria will be on the multiword expressions applied (head inflection, insertion of the head's modifiers, pronominalisation of the head and dislocation and topicalization of the head). These transformations will be verified with the aid of corpora and questionnaires. Depending on the results of this research will be decided if the multiword expressions resemble the syntagmas or the idiomatic expressions.

In every language folk wisdom is found in proverbs. The thesis focuses on French and Italian proverbs, which is a very interesting subject to research. Firstly, I will give a definition of proverbs in both French and Italian grammar. I will also discuss general characteristics and typology of proverbs. Then I will explain the role of proverbs in the text, the morphological, syntactical, and lexical differences between French and Italian proverbs, as well as the possible difficulties of their interpretation. Using a survey, I will show the general ability of interpretation of proverbs and some differences in the perception of French and Italian respondents. The goal of this bachelors' thesis is to provide complex information on the study of proverbs and chart the differences of French and Italian proverbs.

The aim of this dissertation is to compare Italian and Czech numerals. In the second chapter the emphasis will be given on the viewpoints of Italian and Czech authors and how they distinguish the subtypes of numerals. The following chapters will focus on the ways in which the numerals are inscribed in sentences. Moreover, cardinal numerals will be compared with ordinal numerals in both languages and their syntax will be confronted as well as their relationships with counted object. Scientific literature and Italian Czech corpuses will be used for referencing.

The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to try to typologize Czech counterparts corresponding to the phenomenon called substantivized infinitive. Firstly, in the theoretical part, the thesis will be dealing with definitions of related terms, the means of substantivization, the categorization of the types of substantivized infinitives, the syntactical complements which can compose syntagmas with the substantivized infinitives and the function of the phenomenon in the phrase. The practical part will be firstly concerned with comparison of various Czech translations corresponding to one Italian original then it will be focused on comparison of substantivized infinitives with their Czech counterpars based on parallel corpus InterCorp. Subsequentelly, it will focus on the assessment and commentary of the accomplished results.

Topic of this bachelor thesis was to research neologisms in the semantic field of sport from 1950 2014. Theoretical part defines the term "neologism" and questions connected with linguistic discipline neology and vocabulary in general. It also summarizes knowledge about enrichment of language and etymology. The thesis deals with specialized sports vocabulary from the very beginning of modern concept of sport and with the role of sports journalism in Italy. In the part about methodology I describe the method how I excerpted the samples from electronic resources. In the next part there is morfological and lexical analysis at every neologism, which belonges to one type of word-formation. The last whole part is dedicated to loanwords in italian language. The appendix contains complete list of all sports neologisms in my corpora.

This thesis deals with implicit subordinate clauses with infinitive in Italian. In the first chapter there is a description of some terms regarding these clauses (infinitive, subordination and coordination, expliciteness and implicitness, congruence of subjects of main and subordinate clause etc.). The second chapter presents a classification of all kinds of implicite clauses with infinitive, including the restrictions of their formation. The third chapter deals with explicite kinds of subordinate clauses. The last chapter is more practical, because it is dedicated to the possibilities of translation of the Italian subordinate clauses with infinitiv into Czech. Keywords: italian, italian grammar, implicit clauses, infinitive

This work deals with the assignment of grammatical gender of nouns in Italian. Work will try to fully describe the category of grammatical gender in Italian with the comparative excursion to these issues in Czech and establish rules for the attribution of new or borrowed words. The part of this work is also analysis of selected words from the linguistic corpus and examination of validity of the rules of assignment and determination of the developmental trends in field of gender assignment.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe the problems of the Italian subjunctive and its appropriate translation into Czech. At first, we will put forward the general definition of this verbal mode itself, then we will proceed to the description of its form and function in Italian. The major part of the thesis will be focused on the comparison of selected verbs in subjunctive with its Czech equivalents. Its expressions will be often ambiguous due to the absence of this verbal mode in Czech. That is why we use the parallel corpus InterCorp which will help us to analyse this part. We will introduce its useful function and wide application too. Finally, we will summarize the data.

This thesis deals with functional equivalents of Italian adjectives with the suffix -bile in present-day Italian based on the Czech-Italian parallel linguistic corpus InterCorp. In the opening theoretical part the main objective of the thesis is introduced - a comparison of the Czech suffix -telný with the Italian suffix -bile. In the next chapters the thesis focuses on corpus material characteristics - on frequency list - from qualitative and quantitative aspects and on Czech equivalents' typology. The last part concentrates on statistical evaluation of Czech translation solutions, on the individual percentage representation of Czech equivalents' variants and on general trends while translating these adjectives with the suffix -bile into Czech.

The thesis focuses on the Italian Imperfect tense, and the main emphasis is given to its modal use. The first part of the thesis presents the Imperfect in its temporal use, then a limit between the temporal use and the modal one is set. The next part is completely dedicated to situations where the Imperfect attains its modal character. An important quality of the Imperfect tense is the imperfective aspect and therefore it is considered in the thesis as well. The final part tries to find an answer to the huge flexibility and such a strong inclination of the Imperfect to modal uses.

The title of this thesis is Punctuation - rules and usage. Before we start the description of the punctuation and its rules, we devote a few pages to the historical development of punctuation marks, starting with dots at three different heights marking pauses in recited text at the beginning, through new style of punctuation established by Bembo and Manuzio, finishing with special forms of punctuation of the information age and on-line communication. For comparison I've included a short chapter describing the evolution of punctuation in Czech. The main source of information for this historical introduction was the book Storia della punteggiatura in Europa. The introduction is followed by a more detailed treatise on punctuation, its specific functions and its importance for the comprehension of written text. The section concerning the prosodic functions of punctuation will briefly discuss the problem of the relation between written and spoken language. The following section will describe the individual punctuation marks explaining their function and rules governing their usage according to grammars. Three different grammars were consulted as neither gives a comprehensive summary of punctuation rules and the fact that they use slightly inconsistent terminology. Apart from the grammars, I've derived...

This bachelor thesis, Futurum in present-day Italian, attempts to tender a summary overview of Italian future tense, respectively future perfect tense, including all of its uses. The attention isn't paid only to the traditional use of future tense, but is also concentrated on modal occurrences, especially with reference to Renzi's Grande grammatica italiana di consultazione II. A confrontation with Czech is incorporated in all cases. By virtue of this comparison is taken special notice of the difference in category of verbal aspect, which is from the standpoint of Czech future tense really fundamental. Apart from the characteristics of simple and composite future tense this thesis deals with alternatives, which are possible in Italian language and which can be used in place of future tense just in the meaning of future actions. Also here is apparent either similar or different attitude of Italian and Czech language. The gathered theoretical knowledge is illustrated with examples. On the basis of these examples is, on the one hand, corroborated the validity of Italian grammar rules, but on the other hand, it is absolutely obvious that these rules (in a similar way as the Czech ones) are often modified by actual usage.

Topic of this bachelor's thesis was to observe Czech translations of Italian originals of legislative texts of European Union in field? Verification of diplomas and qualifications in European Union?. The first part defines the linguistic concepts, terms and collocations, it delimits the conception of the corpus and of the corpus linguistic. The second part introduces the source of European Law and chosen legislative texts, describes their adjustment and subsequent work with ParaConc application. The third part deals with the specific terms, hierarchy and grammar structure of the collocations. The forth part considers the correctness of the Czech translations proceeded from Italian terminology of European Law. Summary follows then. In the appendix there is an Italian-Czech vocabulary of the explored terms and collocations.

This Bachelor thesis will endeavour to cover the conception of verbo-nominal constructions and their usage in the language of legal writing. It is divided into two parts: the theoretical one - where the basic terms are defined with a comparative digression on the state of verbo-nominal constructions in the Czech language; and into the practical one - which deals with the analysis of these constructions used in the Italian legal writing, focusing on both gramatical and semantic viewpoint of structures and their Czech equivalents. The Bachelor thesis will include the Italian-Czech terminological dictionary.

Verb-noun compounds in Italian and in Portuguese. Verb-noun compounding represents from the synchronic aspect a very productive word-formation process. The research in corpus La Repubblica and CETEMPúblico revealed that according to the number of created lemmas in both languages the most efficient type is porta+N. In Italian follow types as salva+N, mangia+N, acchiappa+N and ammazza+N, in Portuguese caça+N, guarda+N a papa+N. Compound V-N is clasified as subordinate and exocentric. Subject, to which Italian and Portuguese compound V-N is referring to, is the most often an instrument. In Portuguese a referent category of plants and animals is also present very frequently. The compound elements in Italian are usually amalgamated, in contrast to Portuguese where forms with hyphen are the most common. The output category of V-N formation is a substantive which is mostly in unmarked gender and in invariable plural form. In syntax the compound can perform both function of a substantive and an adjective. Compounds as noun-modifiers occur mostly at very productive types.

in English Choice of Mood in Spanish Grammatical Constructions Expressing Potentiality (with Reference to Czech and Italian) Key words: Mood, Subjunctive, Potentiality, Corpus, Spanish, Italian, Czech The objective of this paper is to study the systemic possibilities of alternation between the subjunctive and the indicative in Spanish grammatical constructions expressing potentiality, the semantical differences this alternation brings and also the frequency these two modes appear in respective constructions. In order to achieve this objective I studied not only the specialized literature in the topic but also the language corpora. Later I compared the situation in Spanish with Italian and Czech as well. The results of my study brought me to the conclusion that it is necessary to study each expression of potentiality separately because the verbal modes do not appear equally often after these expressions. On the other hand, the use of the conjunctive in Italian is far more formalized. Czech does not posses any systemic tool that could work for the Spanish subjunctive in every context. However, its translation as the conditional or the future indicative is possible.

Syntactic Differences between Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard This diploma thesis focuses on two usages of Italian language: Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard, and syntactic differences between these too. The aim of the paper is to list these differences, describe them and prove them as vital via an analysis of several contemporary Italian texts. The thesis is divided into two basic parts. The first part is rather theory-focused and its aim is to define both terms Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard, present the development of the language since the 1860, when Italiano Letterario was set, describe the main features of Neostandard (including the differences between written and spoken variations), briefly outline the changes of the literary language during the course of the 20th century and list and describe in detail the syntactic features of Neostandard. First we described the language situation at time of Italian unification. There was an urge for a single language to be appropriate for every communication situation. The Lombardian writer Alessandro Manzoni, who dedicated all his life to the question of language, came up with the solution he had also applied in the ultimate version of his masterpiece The Betrothed (I Promessi Sposi). The novel was written in the...

This bachelor thesis deals with prepositional syntagmas in local adverbial in Italian language. In the theoretical part there are firstly introduced constituent types of local adverbials, their function and the most common prepositional context of incidence; special attention is primarily paid to adverbial of movement at some place. Afterwards, the theory of synchrony dynamics is introduced, with which the variation of prepositions in identical context can be explained. In the practical part follows an exposition about concrete cases of local adverbials after nine selected movement verbs according to data collected from the text corpus "La Repubblica". This research is focused mostly on the cases when the identical incidence admits more synonymous prepositions.