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The present study determines the environmental quality and carrying capacity for the restoration of the degraded mangroves in Southeast Sulawesi. The physico-chemical conditions of estuarine water and its sediment nutrient contents were determined in both protected and unprotected areas, with no significant difference (p > 0.05) except for nitrogen and inorganic carbon contents of water. The current study found promising environments for the restoration of degraded mangroves in unprotected areas in Southeast Sulawesi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue fever is frequently considered a common fever, and this misconception carries the highest risk of fatality. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is still one of Riau Province's unsolved diseases. This is one of the reasons why this study is necessary to identify prospective mosquito environmental zones with major significance for understanding epidemic transmission in the Pekanbaru City area. The bivariate statistical approach was employed in this research. The aim is to link environmental physical factors to data on the occurrence of dengue haemorrhagic fever in Pekanbaru City. The area under the curve for the correlation between the environment and the distribution of dengue haemorrhagic fever was 0.76 for the rainfall parameter, with 0.68 for the area under the curve derived from the air humidity parameter. The establishment of six environmental indicators resulted in a weight of evidence value of 10,467 to -35,693 for the mosquito's environmental potential. Meanwhile, the most favourable potential zone, which encompasses 5,935 ha, accounts for 9.18% of the overall area. Areas with the highest risk of spreading Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were found around the city center, both residential and office areas. The risk of dengue haemorrhagic fever transmission in this zone is higher than in the other three zones. By taking earlier events into account, this knowledge can be one of the early preventions in understanding the environmental structure of the Aedes aegypti mosquito habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare type of cardiomyopathy that manifests as acute heart failure associated with pregnancy. Delays in early identification result in poor recovery of left ventricular (LV) function; however, no risk prediction model exists. We sought to yield a scoring system known as the Padjadjaran Peripartum CardioMyopathy Recovery (PPCM recovery) score to predict the probability of poor LV function recovery in PPCM patients. All baseline and clinical parameters were prospectively collected from a cohort of patients with PPCM admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in Bandung, Indonesia between January 2014 and December 2021. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between each variable and the risk of poor LV function recovery in PPCM patients. This prospective cohort study included 113 patients with PPCM (84 recovered and 29 non-recovered patients). Significant mitral regurgitation (MR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <30%, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) ≥56 mm, and New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) IV were all strong predictors of poor LV function recovery. These variables were integrated into the PPCM recovery score (AUC of 0.85). Patients with a score of ≥8 were nearly 18 times more likely to have poor LV function recovery (sensitivity 57%, specificity 93%). PPCM recovery score is a convenient scoring system based on clinical and echocardiography assessment that may assist in distinguishing which patients are more likely to develop poor LV function recovery; therefore, these patients should be immediately referred to a tertiary referral hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regional head election in Bantul in 2020 is an interesting political contestation event. This is because the previous incumbent regent and deputy regent in Bantul participated in this political contest, which broke up the joint venture. The struggle for power in Bantul is interestingly won by the previous deputy regent, Abdul Halim Muslih. This victory certainly raises a big question as to why Suharsono, who is actually an incumbent regent, is easily defeated. In fact, under the leadership of Suharsono, Bantul has always made various achievements both locally, nationally and internationally. Departing from this problem, it is necessary to examine how the strength of the political modalities between the two was so that in the end Abdul Halim Muslih won. The research conducted by qualitative approach by using descriptive method. The research materials were collected from library research. The author collects data through literature studies, both journals, media, news, KPU documents, or other literature that supports this paper. The researchers argue that the incumbent Abdul Halim Muslih’s victory in the 2020 Bantul Regional Head Election cannot be separated from the strength of social, cultural, and political modalities. The advantage of this modality is able to gain votes in the 2020 Bantul Regional Head Election. Although it must be admitted that Suharsono’s economic modality is better than Abdul Halim Muslih. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accommodate increased seismic hazard in Indonesia, provisions regarding structural details in seismic regulations have been tightened. In this paper, variations in seismic hazard and detailing requirements in bridge codes from before 1990 to the present are provided. To examine bridge performance, pushover analysis was carried out based on the latest Indonesian bridge code, SNI 2833:2016/Seismic Map 2017. From the analysis results, the performance of older bridges would typically be less than that of more recently designed structures. The performance level of bridges designed in the era before SNI 2833:2016/Seismic Map 2017 will be Operational-Life Safety (LS), whereas the performance level of bridges designed according to SNI 2833:2016 will be Elastic-Operational. Referring to NCHRP 949 for bridge performance level evaluation, the results of this study showed that the performance level of the bridges still satisfies the requirements of NCHRP 949 which is Life Safety under upper-level earthquakes. Therefore, existing bridges still have adequate capacity under the current seismic load in Seismic Map 2017 (7% probability of exceedance in 75 years (RP = 1000 years)). Evaluation of seismic vulnerability needs to be done to ensure the safety of existing bridges in Indonesia, most of which are located in earthquake-prone areas, especially those that were designed under older version regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis, and management of retroperitoneal abscesses caused by ESBL (Extended-Spectrum-βLactamase) Escherichia Coli require special attention. A female patient came to the Emergency Department with complaints of abdominal discomfort, bloating, nausea, fever, and urination pain for 1 week, and a physical examination demonstrated an enlarged mass in the left flank for the past 6 months. Laboratory results showed an increase in leukocytes and procalcitonin; hence the antibiotic cefoperazone sulbactam was given as empirical therapy. An abdominal CT scan revealed multiple retroperitoneal abscesses in the left and right hemiabdomen; therefore, levofloxacin and metronidazole were given as additional antibiotics. Percutaneous abscess drainage was performed and from the pus culture obtained grew ESBL Escherichia Coli bacteria. Furthermore, antibiotics were changed to intravenous amikacin according to the results of the susceptibility test. The patient's clinical symptoms improved significantly, and she was discharged and evaluated in the outpatient clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geopolymer concrete is an environmentally friendly construction material that has the potential to be applied in building structures. It is important to understand the structural behavior of geopolymer concrete. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the performance of structural elements of geopolymer concrete under concentric axial loads. The specimens were twelve square columns with a size of 170 x 170 mm and a height of 480 mm. The study variables were the tie spacing and the compressive strength of unconfined geopolymer concrete (f'c). The test results showed that the increase in f'cc was not as significant as the increase in unconfined concrete compressive strength (f'c). The value of strength enhancement (K) tended to decrease. The column ductility (?) and confinement effectiveness index (Ic) had optimum values. The effect of increasing the tie spacing (s) decreased the K, Ic, and ? values of the column. The proposed f'cc formulation for geopolymer concrete is compatible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and identification of the causative bacteria is an essential step in selecting the appropriate antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial pattern and antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria causing DFI in Lampung Province in Indonesia. Methods: This study is a retrospective study reviewing the medical records of DFI patients admitted to the Dr Hi Abdul Moeloek Regional General Hospital in 2017--2019. DFI patients with complete medical record data were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, wound culture and antibiotic susceptibility data were collected from the medical records using a short structural chart. The data obtained then reviewed. Results: In this study, 131 DFI patients met the study criteria and were included. Based on the wound culture results, Gram-negative bacteria were obtained in 112 (85.5%) subjects with Enterobacter spp. as the predominant bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria were found in 19 (14.5%) subjects with Staphylococcus spp. as the predominant bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria found in this study showed high susceptibility to amikacin, meropenem and sulbactam/cefoperazone. Meanwhile, the Gram-positive bacteria showed high susceptibility to meropenem, sulbactam/ cefoperazone and amikacin. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed Enterobacter spp. as the most predominant bacteria causing DFI in the studied population. The highest antibiotic susceptibility was seen for amikacin, meropenem and sulbactam/cefoperazone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the perspective of the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia - MUI) regarding social media activities and the 212 Movement, referring to the Aksi Bela Islam (Action to Defend Islam) in Jakarta. MUI's perspective is of utmost importance as MUI is seen as playing an important role in triggering the 212 Movement, which was carried out as a protest against the perceived religious blasphemy committed by the Jakarta Special Capital Region Governor at the time, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok). MUI's fatwa on Ahok subsequently led to a disagreement in defending religion or defending the state, and it had been openly and unrestrictedly debated among netizens on social media. Social media activities (chiefly Twitter) relating to this case had positioned MUI's fatwa in numerous discussions that were littered with various expressions of hatred. This article aims to contribute a novel understanding pertaining to the relations between religion, ulema, fatwa, and social media activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To access correlation between both hematological profile and Transcortical Color Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography with stroke severity by using National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2016. Hematological profiles (hemoglobin count [Hb], hematocrit [Hct], platelet, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]), TCD ultrasound measurements (mean flow velocity [MFV], peak systolic [PS], end-diastolic velocity [EDV], and pulsatility index [PI]) on middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), and severity of stroke according to NIHSS score was measured. Both hematological profiles and TCD ultrasound measurements were compared with stroke severity, then test of correlation was conducted. There were 90 patients enrolled in this study. Positive correlation between NIHSS score with Hb (r = 0.519), Hct (r = 0.481), and ESR (r = 0.519). On TCD measurements, negative correlation was found between NIHSS score with MFV and PS on both MCA (r = - 0.615 and r = - 0.336, respectively) and ICA (r = -0.570 and r = - 0.596, respectively), and end-diastolic velocity on ICA (r = -0.477). Positive correlation was found between NIHSS score and pulsatility index on MCA (r = 0.568). There is positive correlation between NIHSS score with hematological parameters (Hb, Hct, and ESR) and PI on MCA. Negative correlation was found between NIHSS score with MFV and PS on both MCA and ICA, and EDV on ICA. The strongest correlation was found to be MFV on MCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) can involve any organs. Tuberculous appendicitis is a rare case. Incidence of primary tuberculous appendicitis is 0.1-0.3% while incidence of secondary tuberculous appendicitis is 1.5-3%. Tuberculous appendicitis occurs in 0.08% of all appendectomy and 0.2% of all TB cases. We reported an acute tuberculous appendicitis with intestinal obstruction. Diagnosis was established based on histopathological findings. Treatments included appendectomy and first category of anti tuberculosis drugs (ATD) for 6 months. This case was reported to add our insight about possibility of TB as an etiology of many pathologic conditions in abdominal cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies indicate that the rise of internet-based new media has altered the spiritual and religious experiences of individuals who are active on the internet (netizens), particularly those belonging to the millennial generation. This article explores various concepts on the relations between new media, netizens, spirituality, and religion. Specifically, it discusses and describes the activities of netizens in Indonesia in the era of new media and the varying tendencies of changes that ensue. This article also explains that religious spirituality in the era of new media in Indonesia has been marked by hoaxes and hate speech in the religious sector. The variety of hoaxes and hate speech found in the field of religion have subsequently spread to numerous social media channels. The context of this study will consequently have implications regarding the reduction of religious authority. Additionally, it may also imply the diminishing interest of people in spirituality and spiritualists. This is due to the fact that in the current era of new media, spirituality, and spiritualists can be openly debated, tested, and disputed by netizens from the millennial generation. Additionally, religious spiritual practices can also be ridiculed, discredited, harassed, and even hated. Within the millennial generation, in today's era of new media, religious spirituality has become more raucous and obscure due to the aggressive nature of netizens' activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfiltration of skim or whole milk was compared at two processing temperatures (5 and 13 °C) and several weight concentration factors (WCFs). Permeate flux for whole milk was slightly lower than flux for skim milk at both temperatures and all WCFs due to its higher viscosity. Following the initial start‐up period, permeate flux was constant for either skim or whole milk processed at constant conditions of a WCF of 2 and 13 °C for 6 h. The concentration of whey proteins in permeate was similar for both skim and whole milk. Whole milk could be used for the production of milk permeate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial transactions recorded into accounting journals based on the evidence of the transaction. There are several kinds of evidence of transactions, such as invoices, receipts, notes, memos and others. Invoice as one of transaction receipt has many forms that it contains a variety of information. The information contained in the invoice identified based on rules. Identifiable information includes: invoice date, supplier name, invoice number, product ID, product name, quantity of product and total price. In this paper, we proposed accounting ontology and Indonesian accounting dictionary. It can be used in intelligence accounting systems. Accounting ontology provides an overview of account mapping within an organization. The accounting dictionary helps in determining the account names used in accounting journals. Accounting journal created automatically based on accounting evidence identification. We have done a simulation of the 160 Indonesian accounting evidences, with the result of precision 86.67%, recall 92.86% and f-measure 89.67%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annato coloured cheese whey was adjusted to pH 4.5 and treated with 0.01% (w/w) chitosan to selectively precipitate residual lipids, which were removed by gravity settling and microfiltration (MF). MF permeate was concentrated by ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) to produce whey protein concentrate with 80% protein (WPC80-Chitosan). WPC80 samples were also produced by UF/DF only (Control), and by MF without chitosan treatment (MF). Both WPC80-Chitosan and WPC80-MF samples had lower fat, lower turbidity, higher foam overrun/stability and lower quantities of volatile compounds than WPC80-Control before and after storage. WPC80-Chitosan samples have an additional advantage of annatto removal (excellent clarity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkali activated fly ash material (AAFAM) has become the most promising material to substitute materials based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, there is no available nomogram for AAFAM mixtures. In contrast, there are many rational methods available in the literature to make paste, mortar and concrete with OPC based materials, such as Monteiro-Helene's nomogram, which uses Abram's law, Lyse's law and Molinari's law. This paper presents a study to construct such a nomogram for AAFAM mixtures by first conducting experiments on the paste and mortar phases. The procedure of Monteiro-Helene's nomogram was adopted in this formulation. The first step in this direction was to find a close relationship between the strength and paste composition of the material that can be used as a substitute for Abram's law. The second step was to construct the equivalent of Lyse's and Molinari's relationships by varying the sand and fly ash contents. The results show that it is possible to make a nomogram for AAFAM mixtures such as the one for OPC based materials. Class F fly ash and its mortar phase were used to construct the nomogram. In addition, the mortar samples that were used to build the nomogram had similar solidification products according to their microscopic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the plasticity-based constitutive model of concrete behavior using the experimental background of 130 triaxial tests conducted on cylindrical specimens. Proposed constitutive model; Mathematical form of loading and failure surfaces; Expansion of yield surfaces up to failure surface; Evolution of loading surfaces during hardening.

The existence of the media in politics is very much needed related to the delivery of messages that will be carried out. The activities of several media in Indonesian politics reflect the increasing role of the media in the electoral success process. Several previous studies have linked such reporting patterns to the issue of media ownership. Media owners are considered to have a personal interest in the content that is displayed. Every day it is clearly seen how the media continues to "war" with the delivery of news that tries to lead public opinion about a person, group, or political party, including media activities in supporting one's career in the field military, namely General Pol. (Ret.) Prof. H. Muhammad Tito Karnavian Ph.D who has served as Minister of Home Affairs of Indonesia since October 23, 2019 in the Indonesia Forward Cabinet under the government of Ir. Joko widodo and Maruf A'min. This study proves that media content plays an important role in shaping one's character, both positively and negatively, in order to gain sympathy and good opinion for the wider community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy has traditionally been used to determine the macronutrients in bovine milk, as the basis of milk payment. Recent studies have demonstrated that NIR/FT-NIR spectroscopic systems can not only achieve MIR measurement performance, but are also generally simpler, more robust, and thus much more amenable to actual industrial process applications. Objective: The goal of this unique study was to investigate the feasibility of in-line FT-NIR spectroscopy for milk fat, protein, and total solids (TS) determination in a large industrial dairy processing facility, as an alternative basis for milk payment. Method: Multivariant chemometric models using partial least squares (PLS) regression were built to predict the milk components. Over 1000 composite FT-NIR results gathered from the milk unloading process were compared directly to independent third-party FT-IR results. Results: Accuracy, precision, and linearity of the method were shown by Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) and Range/SEP of individual components. The SEP for fat, protein, and TS models were 0.09, 0.11, and 0.52, respectively. Range/SEP were 25.10, 12.60, and 6.40 for fat, protein, and TS, respectively. Accuracy and precision for the three components were further evaluated by the mean differences (0.01, 0.05, and 0.51) from dairy FT-IR results and the standard deviations of the mean difference (0.09, 0.09, and 0.13). Robustness was demonstrated by evaluating milk with natural variation over 6 months and using multiple instrumentation setups. The repeatability was also evaluated. Conclusions: Overall, the in-line FT-NIR technology was found to have accurate, reliable, consistent performance similar to dairy FT-IR technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice productivity can be increased by improving land productivity with a ratoon crop of salibu system cultivated with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. Rice cultivation using SRI is a method to increase the rice growth and development by managing the plants, soil, water and nutrients. Ratooning is the ability of the rice plant to regenerate new tillers after harvest. The beneficial aspects of ratoon are the increase of rice productivity and efficiency in terms of time, labour and cost. The local people of West Sumatra commonly re-cut the rice stalk at seven days after the main crop harvest. This method is called the salibu system, which is a modification of a ratooned crop that produces a higher yield than the non-salibu system (no cutting after first harvesting). The aims of this study are to analyse the physiological characteristics of ratooned rice and its agronomic performance under the salibu system using the SRI method. The Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for the main crop to compare SRI and conventional methods, while RCBD with the factors of cutting technique and cultivation methods was used for the ratooned crop. The cultivation methods were SRI and the conventional methods, while the cutting technique was the salibu vs the usual (non-salibu) systems. The results indicate that the main crop under SRI was found to have a greater photosynthetic rate and higher vegetative and reproductive parameters than plants cultivated under the conventional method. The above trends were also observed in the ratooned crop for SRI using the salibu sytem compared with other combinations of cutting and cultivation methods. There was no interaction between cutting technique and cultivation method in the ratooned crop. The main crop yield using SRI was 24% higher than using the conventional method. Subsequently, the ratoon-crop yield under the salibu system using SRI was approximately 50% of the main crop. The ability of rice plants to produce a ratoon crop was highly influenced by their carbohydrate content and the phytohormones that remain in the intercalary meristem tissues of stubble after harvest. Furtheremore, better yield of the ratooned crop is possible by increasing fertilisers (especially nitrogen), as could be done in future research into ways of improving this innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of plant roots is known to play a very important role in the uptake of water and nutrients by rice plants. However, there are few studies on what changes, if any, are induced in the rooting systems of rice plants under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) management. This research evaluated changes of rice roots with SRI method compared to conventional method of irrigated rice cultivation and assessed influences that could improve rice yield. Under SRI management, plant roots were significantly longer and heavier than with conventional method. SRI method also increased the number of root hairs by 60%, and root hairs were healthier and more vigorous compared with conventional method. However, root respiration was not different in the two methods. There was less formation of aerenchyma (air pockets) in rice roots with SRI method, as both the number and size of root aerenchyma were lower with SRI than with conventional method. The SRI method was able to improve the root length, root dry weight compared to the conventional method. The SRI method was also able to increase the number of root hairs by 60% compared with the conventional method. Eh measurements in the soil with SRI method were higher than with conventional method. However, there was no significant different in root respiration. The aerenchyma formation of rice roots in SRI method was lower than conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system of rice intensification (SRI) crop management method has been reported by many authors to significantly increase rice yield with lower inputs, but physiological bases of yielding improvement has not been studied. In this research we assessed some physiological parameters and the mechanism of rice yield improvement of rice plants under SRI cultivation method during both vegetative and generative phases compared to conventional rice cultivation methods. We measured photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, N and P uptake, plant growth parameters and yield for those comparison. SRI methods significantly increased both vegetative and reproductive (generative) parameters of rice plants compared to conventional cultivation methods. Photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, N and P uptake under SRI cultivation were significantly higher compared to those of the conventional rice cultivation, but no differences were found in transpiration rate and leaf temperature. With SRI method, plants in their generative phase (especially in the grain-filling phase) had the highest photosynthetic and the lowest transpiration rates. Grain yield under SRI method was significantly higher (ca. 24%) than that of conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformation of tropical rainforest into oil palm plantation not only has impacts on biodiversity but also affects ecosystem functions such as production and decomposition of fine roots as a nutrient source for plant. The objective of the research was to evaluate the production and decomposition rate of fine roots in natural forest (NF) at Bukit 12 National Park and oil palm plantation (OP) in Jambi, Sumatra. The soil core and litter bag methods were used to obtain fine root production and decomposition data. The results showed that generally, there was the same pattern in fine root production between NF and OP. The annual fine root productivity was found to be higher in NF than that of OP. Rainfall in NF and air temperature in NF and OP were the most significant climate factors affecting fine root production. The remaining fine root biomass decreased as the incubation time increased. The decomposition rate constant (k value) was significantly higher in NF than in OP. Our data showed that the nutrient turn-over of NF fine roots was faster than of OP fine roots. Nitrogen, carbon content, and C/N ratio were the main factors that influenced fine root decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have focused on generating seismic vulnerability maps for earthquake-prone areas, particularly in Indonesia. Building typologies are a key factor in determining vulnerability to earthquakes. However, conducting large-scale field surveys to determine the spatial distribution of building typologies in a city is uneconomical. This paper explores the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically detect building typologies from diverse regions in Indonesia, utilizing both conventional and automated building image acquisition processes. In this study, datasets from three distinct image acquisition methods are trained with four unique CNN architectures to identify the best-performing model to classify building typologies. The sample size effect on CNN performance is also investigated. The results showed that randomly sampled Google Street View (GSV) images are the most effective dataset for the CNN model, achieving an f1-score of 84.33%. Among the network architectures tested, MobileNet demonstrated superior performance on the majority of evaluated datasets. As the sample size increases by about 350% in the dataset, there is a positive correlation with up to 2.3% f1-score improvement. Using the best-performing CNN model, two building vulnerability models were employed to assess the spatial distribution of building damage in the urban area of Bandung, considering a hypothetical scenario of an M7 earthquake. Incorporating local construction data, one of the generated maps estimated that approximately 55% of buildings in Bandung would experience moderate to severe structural damage. This study showcases the potential of CNN models in automating regional seismic assessments and providing valuable insights for comprehensive seismic mitigation strategies. • A decision tree to label building typology objectively in Indonesia was developed. • CNN model trained with randomly sampled GSV dataset outperforms other models. • The CNN and probability model generated a city-scale building vulnerability map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of underwater immersion lights outfitted with CCTV is a technological innovation that is expected to solve the inadequacies of the acoustic work system while also improving the existing underwater immersion light work system. Underwater Fish Lamp Plus (UFLPlus) technology can attract attention and directly monitor the condition of fish in the sea from the boat. The purpose of this study was to understand how the UFLPlus was designed and constructed; to test its performance using lamplight, waterproof, and immersion tests; to learn how the light distribution pattern is formed; and to learn the state of the catch. The study was separated into two phases: the design and fabrication of UFLPlus, and numerous laboratory-scale experiments and outdoor trials with boat lift net fishing gear. The results reveal that UFLPlus performed effectively in the field after all of its physical components were tested in the laboratory, and that the values of light intensity and light distribution patterns are still in accordance with the level of adaptation to light reception on the fish retina. During the trial catch, 62 kg of anchovy (Stolephorus sp.), 27 kg of ponyfishes (Leiognathus sp.), 32.5 kg of fringe-scale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata), and 17.5 kg of yellow-stripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis) were caught. UFLPlus was capable of functioning as an underwater immersion lamp that attracts fish attention and directly monitors the arrival of fish in the water in the fishing area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, slab-column frames show lower stiffness, drift capacity, and ductility as compared to beam-column frames. Under combined gravity and lateral cyclic loading, the lower initial stiffness and stiffness degradation lead to poor structural performance. Therefore, in the current codes, slab-column frames are recommended only for Intermediate Moment Frames with dual systems. The objective of this study is to modify slab-column connection details to enhance seismic performance such that the system can also be used with Special Moment Frames. Four specimens of interior slab-column connection models with the same dimensions and flexural reinforcement were tested under gravity and cyclic lateral loads. One specimen, constructed as control specimen, was designed using standard orthogonal stud rails. The other specimens used newly designed stud rails. The experimental results demonstrated that the modified stud rails significantly improved the specimens' behavior. The experimental results demonstrated that the modified stud rails significantly improve the specimen behavior. The highest ratio of initial stiffness adequacy of specimen with modified stud rail was 131.19% for risk category I/II, while the ratio of the control specimen was 97.94%. The highest relative energy dissipation ratio of specimen with modified stud rail was 33.82%, while the ratio of the control specimen was 25.94%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various new studies indicate that human intelligence is derived from or divided into Intellectual Quotient (IQ), Emotional Quotient (EQ), and Spiritual Quotient (SQ). Nevertheless, these various forms of intelligence have not been able to clarify the essence of the true source of intelligence. This is a conceptual article discussing the ruh, which is inherent within every human self as a source of intelligence. The ruh, as a source of intelligence, exists in every human being, and it has the ability to feel, which spreads throughout the human senses. This explains the relationship between ruh and al-aql (sense/reason), al-qalb (heart), and an-nafs (self). With its ability to feel, ruh subsequently drives the mind to think through various imaginings that ultimately generates understanding. The mind and thoughts, which develop through imagination resulting in understanding, consequently produce knowledge. Hence, ruh is knowledge that contains wisdom and sapience, that resides in the heart (al-qalb), and it is the grace that Allah blows into every human to complete the process of human creation. Consequently, ruh shall constantly be inclined to voice honesty/truthfulness (siddiq), to be responsible (amanah), to deliver good tidings (tabligh), and to possess intelligence (fathanah). This spiritual phenomenon is what we refer to as Ruhani Quotient (RQ). Ruhani Quotient (RQ), which is essentially grounded on the ruh, may have implications on new studies about Ruhiology, which is a study that does not merely discuss corporeal knowledge, but is an extensive knowledge about wisdom and sapience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the experimental results of four lightly Reinforced Concrete (RC) exterior beam-column joints with and without beam stubs under cyclic loading with constant column axial force applied at the top of the column. The parameter investigated was the type of reinforcement used in the beam, i.e. plain and deformed bars. Test results showed that when the hooks anchored down in the column increased the tensile stress in the diagonal concrete strut in the joint core, this led to diagonal crack of the concrete and a decrease in the joint shear strength. The seismic performance of the exterior RC joints without beam stub was also observed to be much improved when the hook tail of beam reinforcements was bent inside the joint core. The strut-and-tie model based on the recorded strain in the joint transverse reinforcement could be used to determine the force flow in the joint core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potentials of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production in acid tea soils from Indonesia and Japan were investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment, and the community structures of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in these soils were characterized using PCR-DGGE approaches. The soils used were sampled from tea plantations in Shizuoka, Japan and in Bogor and Malino, Indonesia. All of the soils were acidic (pH 3.45 to 4.00). The N2O and CO2 production in Shizuoka was almost 5 times higher than in Bogor and Malino. All of the amoA gene sequences defined belong to the genus Nitrosospira sp. with cluster 2 and cluster 3a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally assumed that declining soil fertility during cultivation forces farmers to clear forest. We wanted to test this for a rainforest margin area in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We compared soil characteristics in different land-use systems and after different length of cultivation. 66 sites with four major land-use systems (maize, agroforestry, forest fallow and natural forest) were sampled. Soils were generally fertile, with high base cation saturation, high cation exchange capacity, moderate pH-values and moderate to high stocks of total nitrogen. Organic matter stocks were highest in natural forest, intermediate in forest fallow and lowest in maize and agroforestry sites. In maize fields soil organic matter decreased during continuous cultivation, whereas in agroforestry it was stable or had the tendency to increase in time. The effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was highest in natural forest and lowest in maize fields. Base cations saturation of ECEC did not change significantly during cultivation both maize and agroforestry, whereas the contribution of K cations decreased in maize and showed no changes in agroforestry sites. Our results indicate that maize cultivation tends to reduce soil fertility but agroforestry systems are able to stop this decline of soil fertility or even improve it. As most areas in this rain forest margin are converted into agroforestry systems it is unlikely that soil degradation causes deforestation in this case. On the contrary, the relatively high soil fertility may actually attract new immigrants who contribute to deforestation and start agriculture as smallholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. At the present time, COVID-19 vaccines are at the testing stage, and an effective treatment for COVID-19 incorporating appropriate safety measures remains the most significant obstacle to be overcome. A strategic countermeasure is, therefore, urgently required. Aim. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir-azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir-doxycycline, and azithromycin-hydroxychloroquine used to treat patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infections. Setting and Design. This study was conducted at four different clinical study sites in Indonesia. The subjects gave informed consent for their participation and were confirmed as being COVID-19-positive by means of an RT-PCR test. The present study constituted a randomized, double-blind, and multicenter clinical study of patients diagnosed with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods. Six treatment groups participated in this study: a Control group administered with a 500 mg dose of azithromycin; Group A which received a 200/50 mg dose of lopinavir/ritonavir and 500 mg of azithromycin; Group B treated with a 200/50 mg dose of lopinavir/ritonavir and 200 mg of doxycycline; Group C administered with 200 mg of hydroxychloroquine and 500 mg of azithromycin; Group D which received a 400/100 mg dose of lopinavir/ritonavir and 500 mg of azithromycin; and Group E treated with a 400/100 mg dose of lopinavir/ritonavir and 200 mg of doxycycline. Results. 754 subjects participated in this study: 694 patients (92.4%) who presented mild symptoms and 57 patients (7.6%) classified as suffering from a moderate case of COVID-19. On the third day after treatment, 91.7%–99.2% of the subjects in Groups A–E were confirmed negative by a PCR swab test compared to 26.9% in the Control group. Observation of all groups which experienced a significant decrease in virus load between day 1 and day 7 was undertaken. Other markers, such as CRP and IL-6, were significantly lower in all treatment groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001) than in the Control group. Furthermore, IL-10 and TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in all treatment groups (p < 0.0001). The administration of azithromycin to the Control group increased CRP and IL-6 levels, while reduced IL-10 and TNF-α on day 7 (p < 0.0001) compared with day 1. Decreases in ALT and AST levels were observed in all groups (p < 0.0001). There was an increase in creatinine in the serum level of the Control, C, D, and E groups (p < 0.05), whereas the BUN level was elevated in all groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusions. The study findings suggest that the administration of lopinavir/ritonavir-doxycycline, lopinavir/ritonavir-azithromycin, and azithromycin-hydroxychloroquine as a dual drug combination produced a significantly rapid PCR conversion rate to negative in three-day treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 cases. Further studies should involve observation of older patients with severe clinical symptoms in order to collate significant amounts of demographic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 21 November 2022, a destructive earthquake (Mw 5.6) struck Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, resulting in at least 321 deaths, damage to 47,000 buildings, and economic losses of up to 7.7 trillion Indonesian Rupiahs (∼US $546 million). Prior to this earthquake, the fault on which slip occurred had not been mapped, thus making further analysis crucial for assessing future seismic hazard in the region. We constructed a detailed earthquake catalogue, which spanned the period from 10 days before to 48 days after the mainshock, using waveform migration and stacking, followed by relative relocation using a double-difference method. Source mechanisms for selected aftershocks were estimated using waveform inversion. Our results show three clear foreshocks preceding the mainshock, while the aftershocks reveal the presence of a conjugate fault pair trending NNW-SSE with a length of ∼8 km and WSW-ENE with a length of ∼5 km. Directivity analysis highlights bilateral rupture of the main shock toward N20°E and N200°E, although based on the focal mechanism solutions, it is likely that there was some slip on the conjugate fault. Analysis of the Coulomb stress change induced by the mainshock shows that areas to the NNW and WSW experienced an increase in stress, consistent with the observed aftershock pattern. The nearby fault to the south (the Rajamandala Fault) experienced an increase in stress, which likely elevates the risk of it rupturing in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heavy oil waste (HOW) containing polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) is a persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that difficult to degrade. The new PAH degrading consortium was investigated from HOW contaminated soil in North Sumatera of Indonesia. The isolation, selection and identification of polyaromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from soil contaminated by HOW was conducted to solve a bioremediation process. The isolation microbes from soil contaminated by HOW was performed using a minimum ONR7a media and followed on marine agar media for purification purposes. From the performed isolation results, 11 isolates were able to degrade PAHs compounds, such as phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, or fluorene compounds. They grew at pH range of 4.8-8.2 and performed on emulsification activity in paraffin from 0.150-0.662. Three of them showed the best performance on HOW biodegradation capability and then successfully selected and identified as Salipiger sp., Bacillus altitudinis, and Ochrobactrum anthropi. using 16S rDNA. The HOW biodegradation as TPH-degradation were 38.66%, 59.60%, and 47.16%, respectively. Those isolated bacteria could potentially be as bioremediation agents to develop on bioremediation process for soils contaminated by HOW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic response of deep soil layers is used in the development of microzonation maps. The empirical correlation between standard penetratation blow count numbers and S-wave velocity was derived for practical purposes in site characterization based on local data in a case study in Jakarta, Indonesia. For estimating the intensity of potential earthquake shaking at the ground surface as a function of depth to the bedrock surface layer, 1-D site response analysis was carried out in 5745 simulations. The site amplification values were then evaluated by dividing the spectral acceleration (SA) at ground surface by the SA at rock outcrop. Plots of the SA amplification values at interested depth intervals of the bedrock surface layer were assigned. The results showed that the site amplification values estimated by considering the local depth of the bedrock surface layer were generally smaller than the SA amplification values from the Indonesian seismic building code SNI-1726-2012. Also, there appears to exist a tendency of lower levels of mean regression of amplification, in particular for the soft soil site class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroforestry systems may play a critical role in reducing the vulnerability of farmers' livelihood to droughts as tree-based systems provide several mechanisms that can mitigate the impacts from extreme weather events. Here, we use a replicated throughfall reduction experiment to study the drought response of a cacao/ Gliricidia stand over a 13-month period. Soil water content was successfully reduced down to a soil depth of at least 2.5 m. Contrary to our expectations we measured only relatively small nonsignificant changes in cacao (−11%) and Gliricidia (−12%) sap flux densities, cacao leaf litterfall (+8%), Gliricidia leaf litterfall (−2%), soil carbon dioxide efflux (−14%), and cacao yield (−10%) during roof closure. However, cacao bean yield in roof plots was substantially lower (−45%) compared with control plots during the main harvest following the period when soil water content was lowest. This indicates that cacao bean yield was more sensitive to drought than other ecosystem functions. We found evidence in this agroforest that there is complementary use of soil water resources through vertical partitioning of water uptake between cacao and Gliricidia. This, in combination with acclimation may have helped cacao trees to cope with the induced drought. Cacao agroforests may thus play an important role as a drought-tolerant land use in those (sub-) tropical regions where the frequency and severity of droughts is projected to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]