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This research includes the hiking trails of Istria County as an element in the slow tourism supply. The official tourist supply of hiking trails managed by the Istrian Tourism Development Agency was analysed. The supply includes 84 trails with a total length of 859.4 kilometres, classified into six hiking regions. The objectives of the research were to determine the spatial layout and tourism supply of hiking trails as an element of slow tourism development in Istria County. Further objectives were to propose a more purposeful regionalization of existing trails as well as the distribution and definition of non-valorized trails. A complex method of field research of trails was used, including the methods of participant observation, autoethnography and mapping with the support of GIS. The hiking regions Rovinj and Poreč-Vrsar have the best tourism supply and opportunities for slow tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper presents an original analysis and reinterpretation of two documents from 1238 and 1239, which are the first to mention the Koper statutes but have thus far received only sporadic mentions in historiography. The paper is further predicated on the study of archival sources of the Venetian Senate from the Senato Misti collection for the period after the Koper rebellion against Venice in 1348 up until 1394 when the Doge of Venice reconfirmed the Koper statutes. It is established that at least from 1238 the commune of Koper acted according to its already complex statutes. These were, with some further redactions, in force until 1348, when, due to the rebellion of Koper, they were disregarded by the Venetian authorities until 1358, along with the dissolution of the city's Major Council, and all of Koper's city offices were restructured. After 1358, the sources testify that the Venetians restored the Koper City Council and offices to their pre-rebellion state, but not the statutes, although some statutory provisions were taken into account in individual administrative or judicial cases. The Koper statutes officially came into force again in 1394, and a slightly modified redaction appeared in 1423. However, in both cases without the right to exercise criminal justice and the defence of the city, which remained in the exclusive domain of the Venetian podestà and captain until the end of the Venetian Republic in 1797. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Od svih književnih vrsta koje prepoznaje teorija književnosti, gotovo je najteže napisati dobar životopis. Zamke su mnogostruke pa ako pisac ne želi zvučati poput suhoparnog Suetoniusa ili dramatičnog Neposa, jasno je da valja stalno balansirati između fakata i osobnih doživljaja, osvrte na stručne i znanstvene dosege znane mu ličnosti pomiriti s njezinim anegdotalnim životnim situacijama, ali i prilagoditi se zahtjevima uredništva i očekivanjima ciljane publike. Toga se posla prihvatio Marijan Bradanović te serijalu Povjesničari umjetnosti Društva povjesničara umjetnosti Rijeke pridodao vrhunsku knjigu naslovljenu Branko Fučić, povjesničar umjetnosti i konzervator, biografiju kojoj ćemo u sekundarnoj literaturi majstora Fučića teško naći premca.

Zrenjski ravnik je kraška uravnava v severni Istri na Hrvaškem, ki ima na severnem in južnem robu obsežna območja ponornega kontaktnega krasa. Vodotoki pritekajo z eocenskih klastičnih kamnin in ponikajo v zakrasele karbonatne kamnine pretežno kredne starosti. Na območju smo opravili morfografsko, morfostrukturno in morfometrično analizo in nato morfogenetsko in morfodinamično interpretacijo. Zaključili smo, da je razvoj kontaktnega krasa potekal vsaj v treh različnih fazah. Najprej je deloval kot korozijska uravnava v plitvem krasu, kasneje je prišlo do tektonskega dviga in antecedentnega vrezovanja vodotokov v korozijsko uravnavo. Šele v zadnji fazi je prišlo do pretočitve površinskih tokov v podzemlje in oblikovanja kontaktnega krasa.

On the occasion of the quincentenary of the birth of the Istrian reformers, the famous Protestant theologian Matthias Flacius Illyricus (1520--1575) and Stephanus Consul Pinguentinus, Histrianus (1521--1579?), first translator of the New Testament into the Croatian language, analyzing the monographs of the Istrian polymath Mijo Mirković (1898--1963) dedicated to Flacius, the author elaborates in this essay the activity of the Istrian Protestants (Croatians, Slovenians and Italians) who, thanks to the emergence of "print capitalism" and "printed" languages, have contributed significantly to the spread of literacy and culture and to the creation of modern collective identities and "imagined communities". By presenting the multicultural and cosmopolitan character of the legacy of the Istrian reformers, the importance of international project cooperation in researching the phenomenon of reformation in Istria and in valorising the common European heritage was underlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Istrian Peninsula is rich in mineral resources, primarily carbonate and siliceous sedimentary rocks, which are inextricably linked by a process called silicification. Due to their hardness and conchoidal fracture, siliceous sedimentary rocks (cherts) are very suitable for knapping tools, therefore the knowledge about the location of chert deposits was very important for prehistoric communities in Istria. In this paper, we will present basic data on primary and secondary chert deposits in the Croatian part of the Istrian Peninsula, visual and mechanical characteristics of the collected samples, as well as micropetrographic characteristics determined using a binocular polarizing microscope. We will present data on the geological age of the host rock in which cherts were recorded. We will mention the terminological issues in the archaeological literature and raise the issue of research into the provenance of Istrian chert, that is, the possibility of identifying the raw material from different deposits on the Peninsula. We will also mention the archaeological sites where the presence of Istrian raw materials was recorded. Artifacts and cores used to knap flakes and blades were also found and recorded on some of the surveyed chert deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kvarner fault divides the Microadria (Adria microplate, the Adria stable core) into the Po and Adria segments. The Istra block, which is sandwiched between the right-lateral Kvarner Fault and the left-lateral Sistiana Fault lies at the extreme eastern edge of the Po segment. Both faults run transversely to the Dinarides and reach their thrust boundary in the east. The Microadria has been moving towards the Dinarides since the Middle Miocene. The movement of the Istra block is exposed in relation to the neighbouring blocks, so an extensive pushed area (the Istra Pushed Area) was formed in the External Dinarides, which is bent towards the northeast. It is defined by two f lexural zones, one lying in the extension of the Sistiana Fault and the other in the extension of the Kvarner Fault. The structure of the Dinaric thrust border on the north-eastern side of the Istra block is complex. Its prominent structural element is the Črni Kal Anomaly, due to which a zone of increased compression developed within the Istra Pushed Area and transversely to the Dinarides (Kraški rob – Hrušica Traverse), which lies between the Sistiana and Kvarner Flexural Zones. In terms of kinematics, it differs greatly from these two, and various geomorphologically responsive deformations have occurred within it. Mt. Vremščica (1027 m), which represents a transpressive anticline within the wider zone of the Raša Fault is the most prominent. In order to understand the genesis of the Classical Karst relief, it is important to know that the Mt. Vremščica ridge rose from the levelled karst surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1984-1986, Zvonimir Kralj, diver and keeper of the Piran Aquarium, recovered the Enigma cipher machine with codebook and several other items from the wreck of the German minesweeper R 15 sunk off the west coast of Istria between Savudrija and Umag. The article describes and defines the device and outlines the technical characteristics of the minesweeper of the 6th Minesweeper Flotilla (6. Räumbootsflottille) of the German Kriegsmarine, which was hit by the British torpedo boat MTB 409 on the night of April 16-17 1945, and sank about 3 nautical miles northwest of Umag. An examination of the preserved parts of the cipher machine revealed that it was a naval Enigma M4 with four rotors and a reflector C. An X-ray microtomography showed the serial number of the machine M 15648 and the last configuration, left to right: C/γ (Gamma), III, VI, IV. The external position of the Gamma rotor (»P«) indicates that the Enigma was not set in a mode compatible with the M3 model, which corresponds to the cipher keys for the last two months of the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cilj. Cilj je rada dati prvi uvid u vrijednu knjižnu zbirku istarske obitelji De Franceschi i predstaviti godine rada na njezinu sređivanju u Nacionalnoj i sveučilišnoj knjižnici u Zagrebu u koju je vjerojatno dospjela 1949. godine te stajala neobrađena u kutijama na spremištu sve do početka ovoga stoljeća. Pristup/metodologija/dizajn. Da bi predstavile razvoj i povijesni tijek zbirke autorice su se koristile povijesno-deskriptivnom metodom koristeći sve radove u kojima se spominje zbirka i obitelj De Franceschi. Kvantitativni rezultati o sadržaju, razdoblju i temi zbirke dobiveni su statističkom metodom, a u manjoj mjeri, pri usporedbi zbirke De Franceschi sa sličnim obiteljskim zbirkama, u radu se koristi i komparativna metoda. Rezultati. Rekonstruiran je nastanak zbirke i njezin život nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata. Kvantitativnom analizom ustanovljeno je da se u zbirci nalazi 58 serijskih i 2338 monografskih publikacija u rasponu od 1503. do 1945. godine. Najviše je knjiga iz 19. i prve polovice 20. st., tematski prevladava povijest, a jezik talijanski. Uz materijalne karakteristike, važni su bibliofilski aspekti građe, poput potpisa članova obitelji i brojnih posveta, što zbirku čini vrijednom s kulturološkog i povijesnog aspekta. Originalnost/vrijednost. U radu je prvi puta predstavljena zbirka De Franceschi koja je više od 75 godina stajala neobrađena na spremištima NSK. Tiskana monografska i serijska građa je obrađena i ponuđena svima zainteresiranima za korištenje i proučavanje u prostorima knjižnice.

The article examines the role of the Bohemian and Moravian Clergy in Istria in the first decades of the Twentieth Century. It analyses the reasons of their presence in the area starting from the mid-Nineteenth Century, when the bishop of Trieste/Trst and Koper/Capodistria Legat initiated fulfilling vacant positions with priests from other parts of the Habsburg monarchy, a practice developed by his successor Glavina. In the last decades of the Nineteenth Century several dozens of students from Bohemia and Moravia attended the seminary in Gorizia/Gorica. Most of them left for Istria after schooling and Fran Novljan, a local intellectual and politician noted that "there were little parishes in the internal parts of Istria where a bohemian priest was not operating". Many of them integrated fully in the new communities and became fundamental reference points for local societies, in religious, but also in social, economic and cultural terms. This article uses their case to address the question of multiple options of citizenship and State affiliation in the changed context of post-World War I Istria, which was occupied by Italian forces in November 1918 and later annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. Following the attitude of Italian authorities and the repressive measures towards unwanted individuals, it opens a wide range of questions related to inclusion and exclusion in European post-imperial borderlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to present some of the characteristics of the 19th--century Habsburg welfare 'system' in the province of Istria, as perceived mainly through the perspective of (in)ability to work as a key criterion for determining eligibility for social assistance. Welfare issues were not addressed in a sufficiently systematic way at the time, nor were they long--term measures, but instead they mainly involved ad hoc solutions to individual problems, which suggests that the drivers of social welfare were mainly crisis circumstances. Seasonal poverty was also a pressing problem, especially in rural areas, but in general old age, illness and unemployment were identified as central drivers of poverty. The bourgeois work ethic (which helped to shape the regulation of charity) is also relevant in this context, since it understood the alleviation of poverty primarily in terms of providing work or training for individuals living in poverty. At national and provincial levels, the concept of charity was limited to institutional care, which covered only a small part of the social issues. The financial burden for all other forms of welfare rested with the municipalities, which had to find their own ways of providing resources, relying to some extent on the bourgeois ethic of philanthropism, but also on inter--municipal solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Istra v železni dobi] Predstavljen je kratek pregled arheoloških raziskav železne dobe v Istri, od začetkov v 19. stoletju do najnovejših arheoloških izkopavanj. Ob tem je poudarjen doprinos prof. Staneta Gabrovca k poznavanju istrske železne dobe, ki ga je prispeval z raziskavami, zgledom in spodbudami svojim študentom na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v ljubljani. Sledi prikaz kronološke sheme za istrsko kulturno skupino, njen kulturni razvoj je razčlenjen na šest časovnih stopenj (I–VI). Značilno je, da se v pogrebnem obredju obdrži sežiganje umrlih od začetkov v 12. st. pr. n. št. (Istra I) pa vse do rimskega podjarmljenja konec 3. oz. na začetku 2. st. pr. n. št. (Istra VIa). Čeprav se v kulturnem razvoju nakazuje kontinuiteta, je v materialni kulturi posameznih kronoloških stopenj zaslediti spremembe. Na eni strani odsevajo stike Istre z drugimi kraji, ki so bili osnovani predvsem na pomorsko-trgovskih povezavah, na drugi kulturne vplive sosednjih in tudi bolj oddaljenih ekspanzivnih kulturnih skupin na Apeninskem polotoku (Piceni, Etruščani) in v severnojadranskem zaledju (Bologna, Este) ter jugovzhodnih Alpah (svetolucijska in dolenjska kulturna skupina). K boljšemu poznavanju istrske skupine v železni dobi so pripomogla nova odkritja izredno dobro ohranjenih naselbinskih ostalin in grobov v Pulju, Rovinju, Bermu in na Sv. Martinu nad limskim zalivom in Monbrodu ter lesena šivana ladja pri Zambratiji, radiokarbonsko datirana v čas 1120–930 pr. n. št.

U radu se navode osnovne smjernice i objedinjuje značajnija bibliografi ja za pisanje povijesti glazbe u Istri i njezino prožimanje u povijest hrvatske glazbe te se pritom propituje termin »istarski skladatelj«. Osim toga, pruža se osvrt na karakteristične glazbene fenomene, među kojima se na prvome mjestu navodi istarsko- primorska tradicijska glazba, koja je bila inspiracija za nastanak brojnih glazbenih djela na navedenome području. Polazeći od srednjega vijeka, preko glazbenog tiskarstva, odjeka renesanse i baroka, sve do infiltracija folklora i glazbe 20. stoljeća, na jednome se mjestu kronološki sumiraju svi izvođeniji dionici istarske glazbene prošlosti, od Andree Antica, preko Brajše Rašana i Matetića Ronjgova, sve do suvremenih istarskih skladatelja.

U radu se donose nepoznati arhivski zapisi te nekoliko novih atribucija kojima se proširuje opus padovanskog kipara Angela De Puttija (Padova, oko 1681. – Žminj, 1731.). Majstor je tijekom svoje karijere bio aktivan u Vicenzi, Ferrari, Goriziji i Ljubljani, odnosno na širem području Veneta, Furlanije, Kranjske, Koruške, Istre i Kvarnera. Iako kipar Angelo De Putti ima pozamašnu fortunu criticu i opus, dosad nije bio poznat podatak o njegovoj smrti. Iz novopronađenoga arhivskog zapisa saznajemo kako je Angelo De Putti umro u Žminju 14. ožujka 1731. godine u dobi od otprilike 50 godina te je bio pokopan u mjesnoj župnoj crkvi. Također, donosi se i podatak kako je u Žminju 31. prosinca 1743. godine umro i Angelov sin, kipar Giuseppe. U opus Angela De Puttija prije dolaska u Istru uvrštavaju se kipovi svetog Šimuna Stocka i Terezije Avilske s pročelja crkve Gospe Karmelske u Esteu. Isto tako pripisuju mu se i dva tugujuća anđela iz crkve Madonna del Pilastro u Esteu. Kao majstorov rad prepoznati su i kameni kipovi svetog Antuna Opata, Antuna Padovanskog, Antonina i dva anđela s pročelja župne crkve svetog Antonina u Salvaterri. Uz De Puttijeve kipove, na pročelju u Salvaterri prepoznati su i kipovi Giovannija i Antonija Bonazze. Tako su uz dva anđela s portala crkve u Salvaterri u opus Giovannija Bonazze još uvršteni mramorna figura Gospe Karmelske sa stipesa glavnog oltara crkve Gospe Karmelske u Esteu. S druge strane kao djela Antonija Bonazze prepoznati su kameni kipovi svete Eurozije i svete Ilarije iz Salvaterre te kip Uskrslog Krista s dražbe aukcijske kuće San Felice iz Pistoije.

Methodologically, the article comes from geocriticism, the field of comparative literature. The research focus is on poetry about Trieste in the 20th century, on the analysis of the poetic discourse about Trieste which reflects different historical interpretations of the Trieste region through the poetic representation of Trieste. Thus, the article analyzes the literarization of Trieste by poets from the Slovenian Trieste community, poets from the Italian community, and authors from the Istrian Trieste community, taking into account the multifocalization of views on a specific reference space. Based on the corresponding corpus of poems, we have captured the intersection of the poems in the representations and feelings of the decaying and disintegrating Trieste after the Second World War. At the same time, we identified different representations of the city over time: Trieste as a Roman city; Trieste as an Italian city; Trieste as a symbol of pain; Trieste as a symbol of alienation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this research was to produce a georeferenced map of the protected landscape of Donji Kamenjak (Istria, Croatia) and accordingly develop guidelines for sustainable management of rocky pastures based on optimum grazing intensity as an essential factor for habitat and plant diversity sustainability. There are 20 habitat types according to the National Classification of Habitats with the corresponding codes. The presence of habitat types and vegetation was determined on the basis of characteristic and dominant species. On a relatively small area, we find a large number of plant communities. The vegetation is represented mainly by a coastal evergreen forests and maquis with Juniperus oxycedrus L., Pinus halepensis Mill., Quercus ilex L., Erica arborea L. and the eastern Adriatic shrubby habitats of Cisto-Ericetalia Horvatić 1958. It has 76.49 ha identified as belonging to Natura 2000 ecological network habitats, which is 18.78% of the total area of Donji Kamenjak. These are mainly rocky pastures of the Chrysopogoni-Euphorbietum nicaeensis Horvatić (1956) 1958 plant community, dominated by heliophilous plants which significantly enrich plant and landscape diversity. However, this are endangered habitats because of the abandonment of traditional system of sheep farming what causes succession stage and the develop of the maquis and forests, showing its remarkable importance for the biodiversity conservation.

The main topic of this study is the share of soldiers originally from the Istrian towns of Koper and Piran who operated in the ground forces of the overseas dominions of the Republic of Venice during the 18th century, specifically in Fanti oltramarini (infantry) and Cavalleria Croati (cavalry). The study is based on an analysis of the material preserved at the Archivio di Stato di Venezia (fond Inquisitori sopra l’amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli), within which complete lists of military personnel composing the regiments and companies for the period are preserved. The analysis of the documents has shown that, in terms of number, these soldiers represented a regional group in the Venetian infantry and cavalry worthy of research attention. They were active throughout the 18th century, most notably towards the end, when the Venetian Republic mobilised the majority of available military personnel for the last time. The analysis considers the time frame of the soldiers’ operation, their age, duration of military service, as well as determinate physical characteristics. It further shows that the military units in which soldiers from Koper and Piran operated were led by prominent military commanders of the period, originally from Dalmatia and Boka Kotorska, and that that the units were very mobile and deployed throughout the territories of the Venetian mainland and overseas domains. The study aims to contribute to the knowledge of, in this case, military aspects of the link between both sides of the Adriatic. In conclusion, it provides a list of all soldiers from Koper and Piran in Venetian infantry and cavalry overseas units according to the research to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses and compares statutory provisions on tutelage for minor children in the Venetian towns of Koper, Izola, and Piran, and compares them with the regulation of the town of Ptuj, which was part of the Holy Roman Empire. It draws on selected notations from the notary books of Piran and, indirectly, documentary sources from Ptuj that reflect the practice corroborating and illustrating findings concerning statutory law. Moreover, from a comparative perspective, the paper aims to establish how Roman law influenced the legal regulation of the care of minor children in the two neighbouring territories that differed in terms of tradition and administrative affiliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work bearing the title Tracing the Istrian Music Treasure: An Overview of Music History in Istria Through the Centuries could be described as the first att empt to summarise the Istrian music history through the centuries. Given the non-existence of a monograph or publication which would present the development of music in the aforementioned geographic area, the basic guidelines on how to write about such a history are highlighted here, not pretending, however, to claim comprehensiveness which is hardly achievable in this moment. Besides the fact that the history of a region is narrowly connected to its geographic position and natural beauties, it is especially enriched by the creative traits of the people inhabiting it. This thought is, therefore, the starting point, although the contemporary approach to writing about music history is more about its culturological and sociological phenomena, and less about the heroic names marking it. The work presents the bibliography used to write about music history in Istria, questioning at the same time the term «Istrian composers«. It also directs its att ention to characteristic music phenomena, and the first to be mentioned among them is the Istrian-litt oral traditional music, which was the inspiration for the appearance of numerous music pieces in this area. The Istrian music history is composed by musicians who entered the list of the greatest figures who influenced the historical course of the music culture on the Croatian ground with their numerous activities - creative, pedagogical, performing, scientific-publicist, organisational and activist. Starting from the Middle Ages, through music typography, repercussions brought by the Renaissance and Baroque period, all the way to the infiltration of traditional music and 20th-century music, this is the place where all the more performed stakeholders of the historical Istrian music are chronologically summarised, from Andrea Antico, Francesco Spongia Usper, through Matko Brajša Rašan, Antonio Smareglia, Ivan Matetić Ronjgov, Slavko Zlatić, Luigi Dallapiccola, Nello Milott i, to contemporary Istrian composers. Introducing the composers' portraits, along with the works which look at the musical art of the Istrian region in a wider context, thus increasing the volume of the musicological treasury of evidence, this work laid the first stone for an approach to conclusions which are the result of comparative methods that should, accompanied by biographical research, encompass the different preoccupations with the structural and stylistic characteristics of pieces in the context of historical circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grasslands have always been an important part of the cultural landscape. They were created by people, as they needed fodder for their livestock. But this led to the development of the grassland ecosystem, with its numerous plant species adapted to this particular environment. With sustainable management, farmers preserved the biodiversity of grasslands. The changes in grassland management have resulted in decreasing biodiversity in grasslands. Where the biodiversity in grasslands is still relatively high, we would need to reintroduce the traditional management to preserve the grasslands. At the same time, grasslands would become part of the tourism offer and a source of agricultural pr oducts of higher quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lijecnicki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Odsjeka za Povijesne Znanosti. Zavoda za Povijesne i Društvene Znanosti is the property of Hrvatska Akademija Znanosti i Umjetnosti, Zavod za Povijesne i Drustvene Znanosti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arheološki Vestnik is the property of Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Histria Archaeologica is the property of Arheoloski Muzej Istre u Puli and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)