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278 results on '"Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC)"'

1. Development of Tissue Emulatory Models/Phantoms of Lungs at Microwave Frequency for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Author: Joseph, Laya, Chezhian, Arvind Selvan, Voigt, Thiemo, Perez, Mauricio, Augustine, Robin, Joseph, Laya, Chezhian, Arvind Selvan, Voigt, Thiemo, Perez, Mauricio, and Augustine, Robin
Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a severe and life-threatening condition when our lungs are severely injured by infection or trauma. In this paper, we discuss human lung emulators or phantoms with similar dielectric properties of human lungs to study and treat ARDS as testing precursors. We have developed two semi-solid inflated and deflated lung phantoms to analyze the respiratory distress due to the change in the lung permittivity. The size, shape and volume of the phantoms are chosen from the study done on 166 patients' CT image The performance of the phantoms is carried out by measuring the dielectric properties at frequency range 0.5 - 10 GHz using an open-ended coaxial slim probe technique by Agilent Keysight Technologies. The measured data is compared with Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara" (IFAC) database. The measured dielectric properties of emulatory models show good degree of alliance with respect to the IFAC data.
Published: 2024
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2. Short-wave infrared reflectance hyperspectral imaging for painting investigations: A methodological study.

Author: Cucci, Costanza, Webb, E. Keats, Casini, Andrea, Ginanni, Marina, Prandi, Elena, Stefani, Lorenzo, Vitorino, Tatiana, and Picollo, Marcello
Subjects: REFLECTANCE, SPECTRUM analysis, PAINTING, HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems, RENAISSANCE
Abstract: Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2019
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3. Nomenclature and Typification of the Jasione L. (Campanulaceae) Groups from the Eastern Mediterranean Basin.

Author: Serrano, Miguel, Dimitrova, Lyuboslava, and Ortiz, Santiago
Subjects: CAMPANULACEAE, SUBSPECIES, PENINSULAS, SPECIES, BOTANY
Abstract: In this research, all the published names of Jasione (Campanulaceae) in the species, subspecies, and variety ranks for populations from the Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas are reviewed, including names of taxa allied to these groups in surrounding areas. These two areas are among the main centers of diversity of the genus, albeit no recent revisions to address the regional taxonomical complexity of the genus have been published for the Balkans and Anatolia. In this work, the taxonomic status and typification of twenty-six published names are discussed, including the plethora of names within the Jasione heldreichii, J. supina, and J. orbiculata taxonomic complexes. In total, eleven lectotypes and one neotype are designated for names from the aforementioned regions, plus one from southern Italy. This nomenclatural clarification establishes a reference for ongoing and future taxonomic and evolutionary studies of Jasione in the Mediterranean basin. In a genus prone to micro-endemism and cryptospeciation, a number of the historically described forms, despite being disregarded by current taxonomic treatments, may, therefore, deserve further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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4. La Spettroscopia di Immagine Iperspettrale L’importanza di tecniche analitiche di immagine per lo studio non invasivo di dipinti.

Author: Pertica, Alice, Casini, Andrea, Cucci, Costanza, Osticioli, Iacopo, Stefani, Lorenzo, Vervat, Muriel, and Picollo, Marcello
Published: 2023

5. Multifrequency Microwave Radiometry for Characterizing the Internal Temperature of Biological Tissues.

Author: Villa, Enrique, Aja, Beatriz, de la Fuente, Luisa, Artal, Eduardo, Arteaga-Marrero, Natalia, Ramos, Gara, and Ruiz-Alzola, Juan
Subjects: MICROWAVE radiometry, TEMPERATURE, FOREARM, TISSUES, RADIOMETRY, RADIOMETERS
Abstract: The analysis of near-field radiometry is described for characterizing the internal temperature of biological tissues, for which a system based on multifrequency pseudo-correlation-type radiometers is proposed. The approach consists of a new topology with multiple output devices that enables real-time calibration and performance assessment, recalibrating the receiver through simultaneous measurable outputs. Experimental characterization of the prototypes includes a well-defined calibration procedure, which is described and demonstrated, as well as DC conversion from the microwave input power. Regarding performance, high sensitivity is provided in all the bands with noise temperatures around 100 K, reducing the impact of the receiver on the measurements and improving its sensitivity. Calibrated temperature retrievals exhibit outstanding results for several noise sources, for which temperature deviations are lower than 0.1% with regard to the expected temperature. Furthermore, a temperature recovery test for biological tissues, such as a human forearm, provides temperature values on the order of 310 K. In summary, the radiometers design, calibration method and temperature retrieval demonstrated significant results in all bands, validating their use for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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6. Spectral Rotational Characterization of the Didymos System prior to the DART Impact.

Published: 2022
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7. Predictions for the Dynamical States of the Didymos System before and after the Planned DART Impact.

Author: Richardson, Derek C., Agrusa, Harrison F., Barbee, Brent, Bottke, William F., Cheng, Andrew F., Eggl, Siegfried, Ferrari, Fabio, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Karatekin, Özgür, McMahon, Jay, Schwartz, Stephen R., Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Bagatin, Adriano Campo, Dotto, Elisabetta, Fahnestock, Eugene G., Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Gkolias, Ioannis, Hamilton, Douglas P., Jacobson, Seth A., and Jutzi, Martin
Published: 2022
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8. Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART): Structural and Dynamic Interactions between Asteroidal Elements of Binary Asteroid (65803) Didymos.

Author: Masatoshi Hirabayashi, Ferrari, Fabio, Jutzi, Martin, Ryota Nakano, Raducan, Sabina D., Sánchez, Paul, Soldini, Stefania, Yun Zhang, Barnouin, Olivier S., Richardson, Derek C., Michel, Patrick, Dotto, Elisabetta, Rossi, Alessandro, and Rivkin, Andrew R.
Published: 2022
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9. Dynamical Evolution of Ejecta from the DART Impact on Dimorphos.

Author: Rossi, Alessandro, Marzari, Francesco, Brucato, John Robert, Corte, Vincenzo Della, Dotto, Elisabetta, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro Lambrov, Lucchetti, Alice, Epifani, Elena Mazzotta, Pajola, Maurizio, Poggiali, Giovanni, and Zinzi, Angelo
Published: 2022
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10. Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone - Part 1: Measurement techniques, uncertainties and availability

Author: Erkki Kyrölä, Neil R. P. Harris, Gaëlle Dufour, Alan Parrish, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Stacey M. Frith, Rosemary Munro, Masato Shiotani, Piera Raspollini, P. K. Bhartia, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Mark Weber, Johannes Staehelin, A. Rozanov, Herman G. J. Smit, Pieternel F. Levelt, Cathy Clerbaux, Anu Dudhia, C. T. McElroy, Gabriele Stiller, J. P. Veefkind, Yasuhiro Sasano, Joachim Urban, T. Sano, D. A. Degenstein, Hideaki Nakajima, Johanna Tamminen, C. von Savigny, J. D. Wild, Kaley A. Walker, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, David W. Tarasick, Bianca Maria Dinelli, Daan Hubert, M. De Mazière, Yasuko Kasai, T. von Clarmann, Karl W. Hoppel, Richard D. McPeters, José Granville, Thomas August, Birgit Hassler, Joseph M. Zawodny, Corinne Vigouroux, M. J. Kurylo, Ellis E. Remsberg, Lucien Froidevaux, Karen H. Rosenlof, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences ( CIRES ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory ( ESRL ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] ( IAC ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), EUMETSAT, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima ( ISAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphèriques ( LISA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] ( SSAI ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), SHTI - LATMOS, Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute ( KNMI ), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, National Institute for Environmental Studies ( NIES ), Department of Astronomy [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] ( UMass Amherst ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] ( LaRC ), Institute of Environmental Physics/Institute of Remote Sensing ( IUP ), University of Bremen, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere ( RISH ), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Association of International Research Initiatives for Environmental Studies ( AIRIES ), Association of International Research Initiatives for Environmental Studies, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research ( IMK ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ), Air Quality Research Division [Toronto], Environment and Climate Change Canada, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Institut für Physik [Greifswald], Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Schneider Electric, Groupe Schneider Electric, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Association of International Research Initiatives for Environmental Studies (AIRIES), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Schneider Electric ( SE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Oxford, Kyoto University, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, Earth observation, Chlorofluorocarbon, Ozone, Meteorology, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, Ozone depletion, lcsh:Environmental engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Ozone layer, ddc:550, Environmental science, lcsh:TA170-171, Stratosphere
Abstract: Peak stratospheric chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and other ozone depleting substance (ODS) concentrations were reached in the mid- to late 1990s. Detection and attribution of the expected recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer in an atmosphere with reduced ODSs as well as efforts to understand the evolution of stratospheric ozone in the presence of increasing greenhouse gases are key current research topics. These require a critical examination of the ozone changes with an accurate knowledge of the spatial (geographical and vertical) and temporal ozone response. For such an examination, it is vital that the quality of the measurements used be as high as possible and measurement uncertainties well quantified. In preparation for the 2014 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, the SPARC/IO3C/IGACO-O3/NDACC (SI2N) Initiative was designed to study and document changes in the global ozone profile distribution. This requires assessing long-term ozone profile data sets in regards to measurement stability and uncertainty characteristics. The ultimate goal is to establish suitability for estimating long-term ozone trends to contribute to ozone recovery studies. Some of the data sets have been improved as part of this initiative with updated versions now available. This summary presents an overview of stratospheric ozone profile measurement data sets (ground and satellite based) available for ozone recovery studies. Here we document measurement techniques, spatial and temporal coverage, vertical resolution, native units and measurement uncertainties. In addition, the latest data versions are briefly described (including data version updates as well as detailing multiple retrievals when available for a given satellite instrument). Archive location information for each data set is also given.
Published: 2016
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11. Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Author: G. Forbes, Joseph M. Zawodny, C. Piccolo, Jeffrey R. Taylor, David W. Tarasick, Joe W. Waters, J. J. Jin, I. S. Boyd, B. J. Firanski, Sean D. McLeod, Larry W. Thomason, M. P. McCormick, Jonathan Davies, B.T. Marshall, E. Dupuy, H. Küllmann, C. Tétard, Michael Höpfner, F. Nichitiu, I. Kramer, I. S. McDermid, Alan Parrish, Martin McHugh, T. Steck, C. de Clercq, Nicholas B. Jones, M. De Mazière, P. Gerard, James R. Drummond, T. Blumenstock, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, C. T. McElroy, Emmanuel Mahieu, Greg Bodeker, Ryan Hughes, Chris Roth, T. E. Kerzenmacher, Jacquelyn C. Witte, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Heinrich Bovensmann, Kimberly Strong, David W. T. Griffith, Ashley Jones, Jakub Urban, James W. Hannigan, C. D. Boone, M. A. Wolff, R. Skelton, J. Dodion, Donal P. Murtagh, D. A. Degenstein, Filip Vanhellemont, Nathaniel J. Livesey, Claude Robert, J. C. McConnell, Adam Bourassa, Johan Mellqvist, Ugo Cortesi, J. Kar, P. von der Gathen, Erkki Kyrölä, John P. Burrows, Cora E. Randall, Yasuhiro Murayama, Astrid Bracher, Corinne Vigouroux, Peter F. Bernath, Philippe Baron, T. Christensen, C. von Savigny, Denis Dufour, Florence Goutail, Nicholas D. Lloyd, Matthias Schneider, T. von Clarmann, Anne M. Thompson, S. V. Petelina, Gloria L. Manney, Tobias Borsdorff, M. T. Coffey, Armin Kleinböhl, Simon Chabrillat, Craig S. Haley, José Granville, Valéry Catoire, A. Strandberg, Yasuko Kasai, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Chris A. McLinden, Simone Ceccherini, Herbert Fischer, D. P. J. Swart, A. Kagawa, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Hermann Oelhaf, Colette Brogniez, P. Demoulin, Kenneth W. Jucks, C. Senten, Lucien Froidevaux, Jean-Christopher Lambert, J. Zou, E. J. Llewellyn, Caroline R. Nowlan, Ralf Sussmann, Didier Fussen, Kohei Mizutani, Kevin Strawbridge, M.B. Tully, Kaley A. Walker, Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Picomole Instruments Inc., National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Christchurch] (NIWA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Environmental Research Institute [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory (ESSL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Centre For Atmospheric Research Experiments, Environment Canada Sable Island, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [York University - Toronto] (ESSE), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Fujitsu FIP Corporation, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), GATS Inc., NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Department of Astronomy [Amherst], Department of Physics, La Trobe University, La Trobe University (Victoria), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] (BoM), Australian Government, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Burrows, J. P., Christensen, T., National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Christchurch], Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung ( IMK-IFU ), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] ( ISAS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] ( IUP ), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] ( UMass Amherst ), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 ( LOA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Danish Meteorological Institute ( DMI ), Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory ( ESSL ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] ( NCAR ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), SHTI - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Wollongong, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] ( CRESS ), Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [Toronto] ( ESSE ), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ( CfA ), Australian Antarctic Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] ( NMT ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] ( LaRC ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] ( RIVM ), Department of Meteorology [PennState], PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] ( BoM ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] ( SSAI ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, and University of Oxford
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sunset, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, 010309 optics, Troposphere, remote sensing, chemistry.chemical_compound, Altitude, atmospheric composition, 0103 physical sciences, remote-sensing, Atmospheric structrure, ddc:550, Sunrise, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Fourier transform spectroscopy, lcsh:QC1-999, Earth sciences, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric compoistion, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: This paper presents extensive validation analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. The ACE satellite instruments operate in the mid-infrared and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral regions using the solar occultation technique. In order to continue the long-standing record of solar occultation measurements from space, a detailed quality assessment is required to evaluate the ACE data and validate their use for scientific purposes. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the mean differences range generally between 0 and +10% with a slight but systematic positive bias (typically +5%). At higher altitudes (45-60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments by up to ~40% (typically +20%). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, agreement within ±10% (generally better than ±5%) is found between 18 and 40 km for the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (45-55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (by as much as -10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS and indicate a large positive bias (+10 to +30%) in this altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements. These systematic effects in the ozone profiles retrieved from the measurements of ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO are being investigated. This work shows that the ACE instruments provide reliable, high quality measurements from the tropopause to the upper stratosphere and can be used with confidence in this vertical domain
Published: 2009
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12. Le pitture murali della tomba di Henib al Museo Egizio di Torino: Un progetto di recupero e valorizzazione.

Author: Moiso, Beppe, Cardinali, Michela, Borla, Matilde, Piccirillo, Anna, and Scarcella, Arianna
Published: 2019

13. Light and Ultrasound Activated Microbubbles around Gold Nanorods for Photoacoustic Microsurgery.

Author: Cavigli, Lucia, Centi, Sonia, Lai, Sarah, Borri, Claudia, Micheletti, Filippo, Tortoli, Paolo, Panettieri, Ilaria, Streit, Ingolf, Rossi, Francesca, Ratto, Fulvio, and Pini, Roberto
Published: 2017
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14. High gain selective amplification in whispering gallery mode resonators: analysis by cavity ring down method

Author: A. Rasoloniaina, Patrice Feron, Stephane Trebaol, V. Huet, G. Nunzi Conti, Yannick Dumeige, Michel Mortier, Hélène Serier-Brault, E. Le Cren, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site ENSCP) (LCMCP (site ENSCP)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNES Action R&T SHYRO R-S10/LN-0001-004, Alexis V. Kudryashov, Alan H. Paxton, Vladimir S. Ilchenko, Lutz Aschke, Kunihiko Washio, CNRS-CNR, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site ENSCP) ( LCMCP (site ENSCP) ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL ( ENSCP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Optical amplifier, Coupling, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Rayleigh Scattering, Doping, Degenerate energy levels, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Cavity Ring Down Method, Erbium, Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator, Resonator, symbols.namesake, Optics, chemistry, symbols, Whispering gallery mode resonators, Whispering-gallery wave, Rayleigh scattering, Selective Amplification, business
Abstract: 10 pages; International audience; We study both theoretically and experimentally the dispersive properties of single whispering gallery mode resonators. We present a simple experimental protocol which allows us to obtain in detail its coupling regime and thus their dispersive properties. We demonstrate a compact optical amplifier with a gain up to 20dB in an Erbium doped fluoride microsphere of 135μm in diameter coupled via a tapered fiber. The model is also applied to analyze the dynamic behavior of the modal coupling between two degenerate resonances of the same cavity. In particular, this can be used to describe the coupling of counterpropagating whispering gallery modes (WGM) by Rayleigh scattering. The theory is successfully compared to experiments carried out in silica microspheres
Published: 2013
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15. High gain wavelength selective ampliﬁcation and cavity ring down spectroscopy in a ﬂuoride glass erbium doped microsphere

Author: Alphonse Rasoloniaina, Patrice Feron, Yannick Dumeige, V. Huet, Stephane Trebaol, E. Le Cren, G. Nunzi Conti, Hélène Serier-Brault, Michel Mortier, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Condensed Matter Physics ( ICMP ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Institut des matériaux Jean Rouxel ( IMN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site ENSCP) ( LCMCP (site ENSCP) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL ( ENSCP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales Action R&T SHYRO R-S10/LN-0001-004, ORA, CALIN, SHYRO, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (ICMP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site ENSCP) (LCMCP (site ENSCP)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
Subjects: Optical amplifier, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Scattering, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, OCIS codes: 140.3945, 140.4480, 300.3700, 300.6310, Cavity ring-down spectroscopy, 010309 optics, Erbium, Laser linewidth, Wavelength, Optics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Transient response, Whispering-gallery wave, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract: 3 pages; International audience; We experimentally demonstrate a compact optical amplifier consisting of a rare-earth-doped whispering-gallery-mode microsphere coupled via a tapered fiber. A gain up to 20 dB is reported in an erbium-doped fluoride glass microsphere 135 µm in diameter. Below the amplification regime, the optical gain is used to compensate for unavoidable losses due to surface contamination or scattering. Quality factor as high as 2 × 10^9 has been measured by analyzing the transient response of the microsphere excited by a dynamically shifted frequency input signal.
Published: 2012
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16. Mini and micro-resonators for the generation of high spectral purity microwave signals

Author: L. Morvan, A. Bouchier, Y. Chembo, D. Dolfi, Y. Dumeige, P. Féron, M. Ferrari, L. Larger, E. Le Cren, O. Llopis, J. Maxin, P. Merrer, G. Nunzi Conti, G. Pillet, K. Saleh, P. Salzenstein, F. Van Dijk, G. Cibiel, Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique ( LAAS-TEAM ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies ( FEMTO-ST ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques ( ENSMM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica ( CSMFO ), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] ( IFN ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ) -Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications ( LAAS-MOST ), MDF-Lab ( MDF-Lab, CNR-IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ) -Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab ( III-V Lab ), THALES-ALCATEL, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales Action R&T SHYRO R-S10/LN-0001-004, Maurizio Ferrari, Marian Marciniak, Giancarlo C. Righini, Tomasz Szoplik, Stefano Varas, SHYRO, THALES [France], Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Maurizio Ferrari, Marian Marciniak, Giancarlo C. Righini, Tomasz Szoplik, Stefano Varas, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]
Abstract: accessible sur http://minap2012.fbk.eu; International audience; Optoelectronic Oscillators (OEOs) are an attractive alternative to electrical solutions for the generation of high spectral purity signal at high frequency. Indeed, carrying the microwave signal on an optical carrier offers the opportunity of long staorage time, with almost no dependence on signal frequency. For example, classical OEOs are based on kilometre long fiber delays and, in a relative simple setup, their performances exceed the ones of most microwave oscillators. However, the most promising OEOs architectures, in term of performances and integration level, are based on high Q optical resonators. After an introduction on the principle of OEOs and their various potential applications in advanced microwave systems, we will present recent results that we have obtained in this field.. First, the realization and characterization of silica, CaF2, MgF2 and LiNbO3 Whispering Gallery Modes (WGM) resonators with Q factors in the 10^8-10^9 range will be presented, together with related light coupling techniques for their practical use in OEOs demonstrations. Then the realization and characterization of fiber-ring resonators, that present Q factors exceeding 10^9 in a relatively simple architecture will be highlighted. Finally, dual-frequency laser sources that have been specifically realized for OEOs will be described.
Published: 2012

17. Whispering gallery mode microresonators : Fundamentals and applications

Author: Righini , Giancarlo, Dumeige , Yannick, Féron , Patrice, Ferrari , Maurizio, Nunzi Conti , Gualtiero, Ristic , Davor, Soria , Silvia, MDF-Lab ( MDF-Lab, CNR-IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ) -Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Télécom Bretagne-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica ( CSMFO ), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] ( IFN ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ) -Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Convention CNES 103653-00, SHYRO, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Wave propagation, PACS 42.55.Sa, PACS 42.60.Da, PACS 42.25.Bs, PACS 42.79.Gn, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], cavities, transmission, Physics::Optics, Microlasers, Optical waveguides, Microresonators, ampliﬁers, microdisk lasers, couplers, Resonators, arrays, Microcavity, rings, Waveguides, absorption
Abstract: nombre de pages 54; International audience; Conﬁnement of light into small volumes has become an essential requirement for photonic devices; examples of this trend are provided by optical ﬁbers, integrated optical circuits, semiconductor lasers, and photonic crystals. Optical dielectric resonators supporting Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) represent another class of cavity devices with exceptional properties, like extremely small mode volume, very high power density, and very narrow spectral linewidth. WGM are now known since more than 100 years, after the papers published by John William Strutt (LordRayleigh), but their importance as unique tools to study nonlinear optical phenomena or quantum electrodynamics, and for application to very low- threshold microlasers as well as very sensitive microsensors, has been recognized only in recent years. This paper presents a review of the ﬁeld of WGM resonators, which exist in several geometrical structures like cylindrical optical ﬁbers, microspheres, microﬁber coils, microdisks, microtoroids, photonic crystal cavities, etc. up to the most exotic structures, such as bottle and bubble microresonators. For the sake of simplicity, the fundaments of WGM propagation and most of the applications will be described only with reference to the most common structure, i.e. microspherical resonators.
Published: 2011
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18. Spherical whispering-gallery-mode microresonators

Author: Chiasera, Alessandro, Dumeige, Yannick, Féron, Patrice, Ferrari, Maurizio, Jestin, Yoann, Nunzi-Conti, Gualtiero, Pelli, Stefano, Soria, S., Righini, Giancarlo C., Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, SHYRO, Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica ( CSMFO ), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] ( IFN ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ) -Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Télécom Bretagne-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), MDF-Lab ( MDF-Lab, CNR-IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ) -Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' ( Centro Fermi ), Centro Studi e Ricerche e Museo Storico Della Fisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' (Centro Fermi)
Subjects: WGM, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], PACS: 42.25.Bs, 42.55.Sa, 42.60.Da, 42.70.Ce, 42.82.Et, 87.85.fk, optical, microresonator, Resonators, Whispering gallery, microcavity laser, biosensor, glass
Abstract: International audience; Whispering-gallery modes (WGM) on a spherical surface were first described by Lord Rayleigh at the beginning of the last century, but only after the invention of laser did they start to have some scientific relevance and only during the last two decades there has been a substantial move towards real devices and practical applications. WGM resonators have peculiar properties, the most notable being the potential of having an ultrahigh quality factor Q, which makes them very appealing both as laser cavities and as extremely sensitive sensors. Among the different types of WGM resonators, the microspherical ones represent a very important category, due to their simplicity, easy fabrication, and very high quality. In this review we provide a description of their fundamental properties and we summarize recent works on their application as filters, sensors and lasers.
Published: 2010
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19. All-analytical modelling of confined dielectric structures: active micro-cavities and micro-resonators

Author: Boucher, Yann, Dumeige, Yannick, Feron, Patrice, Chiasera, Alessandro, Ferrari, Maurizio, Nunzi Conti, Gualtiero, Righini, Giancarlo C., laboratoire de Recherche en Electronique Signal, Optronique, télécommunications ( RESO ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Télécom Bretagne-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie ( IFN ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Department of Materials and Devices ( DMD ), EOS, laboratoire de Recherche en Electronique Signal, Optronique, télécommunications (RESO), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Department of Materials and Devices (DMD), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)
Subjects: Generalized Transfer Function, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Extended Transfer Matrix Formalism, Photonic Crystals, Physics::Optics, Photonic Atoms, Optical Micro-cavities
Abstract: Topic: TOM 3 « Nanophotonics, Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials »; International audience; All-analytical tools such as extended (3´3) scattering parameters enable one to describe, in a simple way, most of the spectral and energetic properties of an active dielectric micro-resonator with internal sources, threshold-crossing included.
Published: 2008

20. Glass microspherical lasers

Author: Yannick Dumeige, Silvia Soria, Alessandro Chiasera, Patrice Feron, Massimo Brenci, Christina Armellini, Laura Ghisa, Stephane Trebaol, Yoann Jestin, Stefano Pelli, Franco Cosi, Maurizio Ferrari, Andrea Chiappini, Giancarlo C. Righini, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Enrico Moser, Simone Berneschi, Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' ( Centro Fermi ), Centro Studi e Ricerche e Museo Storico Della Fisica, MDF-Lab ( MDF-Lab, CNR-IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ) -Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica ( CSMFO ), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] ( IFN ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ) -Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Dipartimento di Fisica [Povo], Università di Trento, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Télécom Bretagne-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dipartimento Materiali e Dispositivi ( DMD CNR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento Materiali e Dispositivi (DMD CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, and Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' (Centro Fermi)
Subjects: Materials science, Photoluminescence, Fabrication, erbium doped glass, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Coating, microspherical lasers, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, sol-gel, Composite material, silica-hafnia, Sol-gel, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Lasers, Doping, technology, industry, and agriculture, Laser, Microspheres, Whispering gallery modes, engineering, Optoelectronics, Whispering-gallery wave, business, Layer (electronics), Gels, Erbium
Abstract: Purpose: Smart Optics, Publisher: Scientific.Net (ISSN 1662-0356); International audience; We report experimental results obtained in our laboratories in the development of Er3+-doped glass microspherical cavities for the fabrication of compact and low threshold laser sources at 1.55 µm. We investigate three different approaches in order to fabricate the microspheres including direct melting of Er3+-doped glass powders, coating of silica microspheres with an Er3+-doped sol-gel layer, and synthesis of Er3+-doped monolithic microspheres using the sol-gel route in acid catalysis. Details of the different fabrication processes are presented together with the photoluminescence characterization in free space configuration of the microspheres and of the glass precursor. We analyse the photoluminescence spectra of the whispering gallery modes of the microspheres exited using evanescent coupling and we demonstrate laser action in a wide range of wavelengths around 1.55 µm.
Published: 2008
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21. Validation of NO2 and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Author: Kerzenmacher, T., Wolff, M. A., Strong, K., Dupuy, E., Walker, K. A., Amekudzi, L. K., Batchelor, R. L., Bernath, P. F., Berthet, Gwenaël, Blumenstock, T., Boone, C. D., Bramstedt, K., Brogniez, C., Brohede, S., Burrows, J. P., Catoire, Valéry, Dodion, J., Drummond, J. R., Dufour, D. G., Funke, B., Fussen, D., Goutail, Florence, Griffith, D. W. T., Haley, C. S., Hendrick, F., Höpfner, M., Huret, Nathalie, Jones, N., Kar, J., Kramer, I., Llewellyn, E. J., López-Puertas, M., Manney, G., Mcelroy, C. T., Mclinden, C. A., Melo, S., Mikuteit, S., Murtagh, D., Nichitiu, F., Notholt, J., Nowlan, C., Piccolo, C., Pommereau, Jean-Pierre, Randall, C., Raspollini, P., Ridolfi, M., Richter, A., Schneider, M., Schrems, O., Silicani, M., Stiller, G. P., Taylor, James, Tétard, C., Toohey, M., Vanhellemont, F., Warneke, T., Zawodny, J. M., Zou, J., Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Picomole Instruments Inc., Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] (ATOC), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica [Bologna], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] ( IUP ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 ( LOA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía ( IAA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Service d'aéronomie ( SA ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Wollongong, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] ( CRESS ), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] ( ISAS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] ( NMT ), Canadian Space Agency ( CSA ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] ( ATOC ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Università di Bologna [Bologna] ( UNIBO ), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] ( LaRC ), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)
Subjects: lcsh:Chemistry, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: Vertical profiles of NO2 and NO have been obtained from solar occultation measurements by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), using an infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and (for NO2) an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrometer, MAESTRO (Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation). In this paper, the quality of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 NO2 and NO and the MAESTRO version 1.2 NO2 data are assessed using other solar occultation measurements (HALOE, SAGE II, SAGE III, POAM III, SCIAMACHY), stellar occultation measurements (GOMOS), limb measurements (MIPAS, OSIRIS), nadir measurements (SCIAMACHY), balloon-borne measurements (SPIRALE, SAOZ) and ground-based measurements (UV-VIS, FTIR). Time differences between the comparison measurements were reduced using either a tight coincidence criterion, or where possible, chemical box models. ACE-FTS NO2 and NO and the MAESTRO NO2 are generally consistent with the correlative data. The ACE-FTS and MAESTRO NO2 volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles agree with the profiles from other satellite data sets to within about 20% between 25 and 40 km, with the exception of MIPAS ESA (for ACE-FTS) and SAGE II (for ACE-FTS (sunrise) and MAESTRO) and suggest a negative bias between 23 and 40 km of about 10%. MAESTRO reports larger VMR values than the ACE-FTS. In comparisons with HALOE, ACE-FTS NO VMRs typically (on average) agree to ±8% from 22 to 64 km and to +10% from 93 to 105 km, with maxima of 21% and 36%, respectively. Partial column comparisons for NO2 show that there is quite good agreement between the ACE instruments and the FTIRs, with a mean difference of +7.3% for ACE-FTS and +12.8% for MAESTRO.
Published: 2008

22. Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Author: E. Dupuy, K. A. Walker, J. Kar, C. D. Boone, C. T. McElroy, P. F. Bernath, J. R. Drummond, R. Skelton, S. D. McLeod, R. C. Hughes, C. R. Nowlan, D. G. Dufour, J. Zou, F. Nichitiu, K. Strong, P. Baron, R. M. Bevilacqua, T. Blumenstock, G. E. Bodeker, T. Borsdorff, A. E. Bourassa, H. Bovensmann, I. S. Boyd, A. Bracher, C. Brogniez, J. P. Burrows, V. Catoire, S. Ceccherini, S. Chabrillat, T. Christensen, M. T. Coffey, U. Cortesi, J. Davies, C. De Clercq, D. A. Degenstein, M. De Mazière, P. Demoulin, J. Dodion, B. Firanski, H. Fischer, G. Forbes, L. Froidevaux, D. Fussen, P. Gerard, S. Godin-Beekman, F. Goutail, J. Granville, D. Griffith, C. S. Haley, J. W. Hannigan, M. Höpfner, J. J. Jin, A. Jones, N. B. Jones, K. Jucks, A. Kagawa, Y. Kasai, T. E. Kerzenmacher, A. Kleinböhl, A. R. Klekociuk, I. Kramer, H. Küllmann, J. Kuttippurath, E. Kyrölä, J.-C. Lambert, N. J. Livesey, E. J. Llewellyn, N. D. Lloyd, E. Mahieu, G. L. Manney, B. T. Marshall, J. C. McConnell, M. P. McCormick, I. S. McDermid, M. McHugh, C. A. McLinden, J. Mellqvist, K. Mizutani, Y. Murayama, D. P. Murtagh, H. Oelhaf, A. Parrish, S. V. Petelina, C. Piccolo, J.-P. Pommereau, C. E. Randall, C. Robert, C. Roth, M. Schneider, C. Senten, T. Steck, A. Strandberg, K. B. Strawbridge, R. Sussmann, D. P. J. Swart, D. W. Tarasick, J. R. Taylor, C. Tétard, L. W. Thomason, A. M. Thompson, M. B. Tully, J. Urban, F. Vanhellemont, T. von Clarmann, P. von der Gathen, C. von Savigny, J. W. Waters, J. C. Witte, M. Wolff, J. M. Zawodny, Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Picomole Instruments Inc., National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory (ESSL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Environment Canada Sable Island, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [York University - Toronto] (ESSE), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Fujitsu FIP Corporation, Ice, Ocean, Atmosphere and Climate Program [Kingston] (IOAC), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy-Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), GATS Inc., Atmospheric Sciences Division [Hampton], NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Department of Astronomy [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Department of Physics [Victoria], La Trobe University [Melbourne], Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] (BoM), Australian Government, Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, University of Oxford [Oxford], National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] ( NIWA ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung ( IMK-IFU ), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] ( ISAS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] ( IUP ), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 ( LOA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Danish Meteorological Institute ( DMI ), Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory ( ESSL ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] ( NCAR ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Service d'aéronomie ( SA ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Wollongong, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] ( CRESS ), Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [Toronto] ( ESSE ), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ( CfA ), Ice, Ocean, Atmosphere and Climate Program [Kingston] ( IOAC ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] ( NMT ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] ( LaRC ), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] ( UMass Amherst ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] ( RIVM ), Department of Meteorology [PennState], PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Atmosphere Watch Section, Bureau of Meteorology, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] ( SSAI ), and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC )
Subjects: 010309 optics, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This paper presents extensive validation analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. The ACE satellite instruments operate in the mid-infrared and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral regions using the solar occultation technique. In order to continue the long-standing record of solar occultation measurements from space, a detailed quality assessment is required to evaluate the ACE data and validate their use for scientific purposes. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the mean differences range generally between 0 and +10% with a slight but systematic positive bias (typically +5%). At higher altitudes (45–60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments by up to ~40% (typically +20%). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, agreement within ±10% (generally better than ±5%) is found between 18 and 40 km for the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (45–55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (by as much as −10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS and indicate a large positive bias (+10 to +30%) in this altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements. These systematic effects in the ozone profiles retrieved from the measurements of ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO are being investigated. This work shows that the ACE instruments provide reliable, high quality measurements from the tropopause to the upper stratosphere and can be used with confidence in this vertical domain.
Published: 2008
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23. Photonic properties of erbium activated coated microspheres

Author: Yannick Dumeige, Alessandro Chiasera, Mariano Ferrari, Giancarlo C. Righini, Patrice Feron, L. Ghisa, Stephane Trebaol, G. Nunzi Conti, Yoann Jestin, A. Chiappini, Cristina Armellini, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), SPIE, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie ( IFN ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Télécom Bretagne-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Optical fiber, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Erbium, Optics, Coating, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, Optoelectronics, Fiber, Whispering-gallery wave, 010306 general physics, business, Luminescence, Sol-gel
Abstract: conference 6890 " Components and Materials V ", Session 2 " Glass Photonic Devices " [6890-08], http://spie.org/x19316.xml; International audience; A simple method based on the sol-gel technology has been developed to coat passive microspheres with an active coating. The microspheres were prepared by fusion of a standard telecom fiber with a dimension of about 200 μm and 400 μm and have been respectively dipped in a 70SiO2-30HfO2 sol activated by 1 mol% and 0.1 mol% of erbium ions.Here we first report about the luminescence properties of a silica-hafnia coating doped with erbium ions and then whispering gallery mode spectra were analysed for different sphere diameters, thickness of coating and erbium concentration. The thickness of the coating has been chosen in order to support at least one whispering gallery mode at 1.5 μm. A simple method based on the sol-gel technology has been developed to coat passive microspheres with an active coating. The microspheres were prepared by fusion of a standard telecom fiber with a dimension of about 200 μm and 400 μm and have been respectively dipped in a 70SiO2-30HfO2 sol activated by 1 mol% and 0.1 mol% of erbium ions.Here we first report about the luminescence properties of a silica-hafnia coating doped with erbium ions and then whispering gallery mode spectra were analysed for different sphere diameters, thickness of coating and erbium concentration. The thickness of the coating has been chosen in order to support at least one whispering gallery mode at 1.5 μm.
Published: 2008
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24. MIPAS: an instrument for atmospheric and climate research

Author: C. E. Blom, M. Endemann, D. H. Ehhalt, Marco Ridolfi, Bruno Carli, T. von Clarmann, Rob Koopman, J. Langen, Jean-Marie Flaud, Peter Mosner, Anu Dudhia, Gabriele Stiller, Manuel López-Puertas, L. Delbouille, Horst Fischer, Hermann Oelhaf, Roland Gessner, John Remedios, Rodolphe Zander, Anne Kleinert, Herbert Nett, Manfred Birk, Massimo Carlotti, Gaetan Perron, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica [Bologna], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Groupe Infra-Rouge de Physique Atmosphérique et Solaire (GIRPAS), GIRPAS, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut für Atmosphärische Chemie [Jülich], Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EADS Astrium GmbH, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), ABB Bomem Inc., Earth Observation Science Group [Leicester] (EOS), Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester-University of Leicester, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe und Universität Karlsruhe, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Atmosphärische Chemie, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), EGU, Publication, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre ( IPA ), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] ( DLR ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), European Space Research Institute ( ESRIN ), European Space Agency ( ESA ), Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphèriques ( LISA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía ( IAA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Earth Observation Science (EOS), Space Research Centre, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), H. Fischer, M. Birk, C. Blom, B. Carli, M. Carlotti, T. von Clarmann, L. Delbouille, A. Dudhia, D. Ehhalt, M. Endemann, J. M. Flaud, R. Gessner, A. Kleinert, R. Koopman, J. Langen, M. López-Puerta, P. Mosner, H. Nett, H. Oelhaf, G. Perron, J. Remedio, M. Ridolfi, G. Stiller, and R. Zander
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, atmospheric chemistry, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Instrumentation, Fourier transform spectrometers, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, Troposphere, 010309 optics, law, limb sounding, 0103 physical sciences, Fourier-transform spectroscopy, ddc:550, ENVISAT, Remote sensing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Atmospheric sounding, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Observational error, Payload, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Michelson interferometer, lcsh:QC1-999, MIPAS, Earth sciences, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, infrared, atmospheric dynamics, lcsh:Physics, Emission Spectrometer
Abstract: MIPAS, the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding, is a mid-infrared emission spectrometer which is part of the core payload of ENVISAT. It is a limb sounder, i.e. it scans across the horizon detecting atmospheric spectral radiances which are inverted to vertical temperature, trace species and cloud distributions. These data can be used for scientific investigations in various research fields including dynamics and chemistry in the altitude region between upper troposphere and lower thermosphere. The instrument is a well calibrated and characterized Fourier transform spectrometer which is able to detect many trace constituents simultaneously. The different concepts of retrieval methods are described including multi-target and two-dimensional retrievals. Operationally generated data sets consist of temperature, H2O, O3, CH4, N2O, HNO3, and NO2 profiles. Measurement errors are investigated in detail and random and systematic errors are specified. The results are validated by independent instrumentation which has been operated at ground stations or aboard balloon gondolas and aircraft. Intercomparisons of MIPAS measurements with other satellite data have been carried out, too. As a result, it has been proven that the MIPAS data are of good quality. MIPAS can be operated in different measurement modes in order to optimize the scientific output. Due to the wealth of information in the MIPAS spectra, many scientific results have already been published. They include intercomparisons of temperature distributions with ECMWF data, the derivation of the whole NOy family, the study of atmospheric processes during the Antarctic vortex split in September~2002, the determination of properties of Polar Stratospheric Clouds, the downward transport of NOx in the middle atmosphere, the stratosphere-troposphere exchange, the influence of solar variability on the middle atmosphere, and the observation of Non-LTE effects in the mesosphere.
Published: 2008

25. Validation and data characteristics of methane and nitrous oxide profiles observed by MIPAS and processed with Version 4.61 algorithm

Author: Payan, Camy-Peyret, Oelhaf, Wetzel, Maucher, Keim, Pirre, Huret, Engel, Volk, M. C., Kuellmann, Kuttippurath, Cortesi, Bianchini, Mencaraglia, Raspollini, Redaelli, Vigouroux, De Mazière, Mikuteit, Blumenstock, Velazco, Notholt, Mahieu, Duchatelet, Smale, Wood, Jones, Piccolo, Payne, Bracher, Glatthor, Stiller, Grunow, Jeseck, Pfeilsticker, Butz, A, Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire pour l'Atmosphere et l'Astrophysique (LPMAA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt [Frankfurt/Main] (IAU), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Remote Sensing Department [Bremen] (IFE), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen-University of Bremen, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), University of Wollongong, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University of Wollongong [Australia], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Oxford, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire pour l'Atmosphere et l'Astrophysique ( LPMAA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt [Frankfurt/Main] ( IAU ), Institute of Remote Sensing [Bremen] ( IFE ), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] ( IUP ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), University of L'Aquila [Italy] ( UNIVAQ ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] ( NIWA ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Atmospheric and Environment Research ( AER ), and Freie Universität Berlin [Berlin]
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Nitrous oxide, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Systematic deviation, Remote sensing, 01 natural sciences, Methane, SCIAMACHY, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Atmospheric composition and structure, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Satellite, Positive bias, Algorithm, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The ENVISAT validation programme for the atmospheric instruments MIPAS, SCIAMACHY and GOMOS is based on a number of balloon-bone, aircraft and ground-based correlative measurements. In particular the activities of validation scientists were coordinated by ESA within the ENVISAT Stratospheric Aircraft and Balloon Campaign of ESABC. As part of a series of similar papers on other species [this issue] and in parallel to the contribution of the individual validation teams, the present paper provides a synthesis of comparisons performed between MIPAS CH4 and N2O profiles produced by the current ESA operational software (Instrument Processing Facility version 4.61 or IPF v4.61) and correlative measurements obtained from balloon and aircraft experiments as well as from satellite sensors or from ground-based instruments. The MIPAS-E CH4 values show a positive bias in the lower stratosphere of about 10%. In case of N2O no systematic deviation with respect to the validation experiments could be identified. The individual used MIPAS data version 4.61 still exhibits some unphysical oscillations in individual CH4 and N2O profiles caused by the processing algorithm (with almost no regularization). Taking these problems into account, the MIPAS CH4 and N2O profiles are behaving as expected from the internal error estimation of IPF v4.61.
Published: 2007
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26. Validation of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) version 2.2 temperature using ground-based and space-borne measurements

Author: Sica, R. J., Izawa, M. R. M., Walker, K. A., Boone, Petelina, S. V., Argall, P. S., Bernath, Burns, G. B., Catoire, Collins, R. L., Daffer, W. H., De Clercq, Fan, Z. Y., Firanski, B. J., French, W. J. R., Gerard, Gerding, Granville, Innis, J. L., Keckhut, Kerzenmacher, Klekociuk, A. R., Kyrö, Lambert, J. C., Llewellyn, E. J., Manney, G. L., McDermid, I. S., Mizutani, Murayama, Piccolo, Raspollini, Ridolfi, Robert, Steinbrecht, Strawbridge, K. B., Strong, Stübi, Thurairajah, B.: Validation of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) version 2.2 temperature using ground-based, space-borne measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 12463-12539, Department of Physics and Astronomy [London, ON], University of Western Ontario ( UWO ), Department of Earth Sciences [London, ON], Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] ( ISAS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Department of Physics [Victoria], La Trobe University [Melbourne], Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Ice, Ocean, Atmosphere and Climate Program [Kingston] ( IOAC ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy-Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Geophysical Institute [Fairbanks], University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), Columbus Technologies Inc., Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics ( AIP ), Service d'aéronomie ( SA ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Arctic Research Centre of Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] ( NMT ), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica [Bologna], Università di Bologna [Bologna] ( UNIBO ), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg ( MOHp ), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] ( DWD ), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, R. J. Sica, M. R. M. Izawa, K. A. Walker, C. Boone, S. V. Petelina, P. S. Argall, P. Bernath, G. B. Burns, V. Catoire, R. L. Collins, W. H. Daffer, C. De Clercq, Z. Y. Fan, B. J. Firanski, W. J. R. French, P. Gerard, M. Gerding, J. Granville, J. L. Innis, P. Keckhut, T. Kerzenmacher, A. R. Klekociuk, E. Kyrö, J. C. Lambert, E. J. Llewellyn, G. L. Manney, I. S. McDermid, K. Mizutani, Y. Murayama, C. Piccolo, P. Raspollini, M. Ridolfi, C. Robert, W. Steinbrecht, K. B. Strawbridge, K. Strong, R. St&#369, bi, B. Thurairajah, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Ice, Ocean, Atmosphere and Climate Program [Kingston] (IOAC), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics (AIP), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Science and Technology Branch, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Space (mathematics), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Troposphere, 010309 optics, remote sensing, Atmospheric composition and structure, Quality (physics), Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, validation, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Chemistry, Temperature, lcsh:QC1-999, Lidar, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Retrieval techniques, Atmospheric chemistry, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: An ensemble of space-borne and ground-based instruments has been used to evaluate the quality of the version 2.2 temperature retrievals from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The agreement of ACE-FTS temperatures with other sensors is typically better than 2 K in the stratosphere and upper troposphere and 5 K in the lower mesosphere. There is evidence of a systematic high bias (roughly 3–6 K) in the ACE-FTS temperatures in the mesosphere, and a possible systematic low bias (roughly 2 K) in ACE-FTS temperatures near 23 km. Some ACE-FTS temperature profiles exhibit unphysical oscillations, a problem fixed in preliminary comparisons with temperatures derived using the next version of the ACE-FTS retrieval software. Though these relatively large oscillations in temperature can be on the order of 10 K in the mesosphere, retrieved volume mixing ratio profiles typically vary by less than a percent or so. Statistical comparisons suggest these oscillations occur in about 10% of the retrieved profiles. Analysis from a set of coincident lidar measurements suggests that the random error in ACE-FTS version 2.2 temperatures has a lower limit of about ±2 K.
Published: 2007
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27. Geophysical validation of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data

Author: M. De Mazière, T. E. Kerzenmacher, W. J. Reburn, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, C. Piccolo, Yasjka Meijer, Michel Pirre, S. Mikuteit, Valéry Catoire, Gerald Wetzel, Ugo Cortesi, Corinne Vigouroux, C. Keim, Giovanni Bianchini, Kenneth W. Jucks, Costas A. Varotsos, Yehan Liu, Elisa Castelli, Stephen W. Wood, Nicholas B. Jones, C. de Clercq, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Piera Raspollini, I. S. McDermid, Hermann Oelhaf, John Remedios, A. Taddei, H. Kuellmann, Marco Iarlori, T. Steck, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Thomas Blumenstock, Kelly Chance, Dan Smale, Gianluca Redaelli, F. Mencaraglia, Astrid Bracher, Alison Waterfall, Harjinder Sembhi, P. Demoulin, Fabrizio Ravegnani, G. Y. Liu, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing [Bremen] (IUP/IFE), University of Bremen, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wollongong [Australia], University of Toronto, CETEMPS, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), University of Leicester, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing, Universität Bremen, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima ( ISAC ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ( CfA ), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Service d'aéronomie ( SA ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Wollongong, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] ( UNIVAQ.IT ), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] ( IAP ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] ( RIVM ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ( RAL ), National Institute for Water and Air Research Ltd., National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ)
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Collocation (remote sensing), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Data assimilation, Atmospheric composition and structure, Ozone, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:550, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Atmospheric sounding, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QC1-999, Trace gas, Depth sounding, Earth sciences, Lidar, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), on-board the European ENVIronmental SATellite (ENVISAT) launched on 1 March 2002, is a middle infrared Fourier Transform spectrometer measuring the atmospheric emission spectrum in limb sounding geometry. The instrument is capable to retrieve the vertical distribution of temperature and trace gases, aiming at the study of climate and atmospheric chemistry and dynamics, and at applications to data assimilation and weather forecasting. MIPAS operated in its standard observation mode for approximately two years, from July 2002 to March 2004, with scans performed at nominal spectral resolution of 0.025 cm−1 and covering the altitude range from the mesosphere to the upper troposphere with relatively high vertical resolution (about 3 km in the stratosphere). Only reduced spectral resolution measurements have been performed subsequently. MIPAS data were re-processed by ESA using updated versions of the Instrument Processing Facility (IPF v4.61 and v4.62) and provided a complete set of level-2 operational products (geo-located vertical profiles of temperature and volume mixing ratio of H2O, O3, HNO3, CH4, N2O and NO2) with quasi continuous and global coverage in the period of MIPAS full spectral resolution mission. In this paper, we report a detailed description of the validation of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data, that was based on the comparison between MIPAS v4.61 (and, to a lesser extent, v4.62) O3 VMR profiles and a comprehensive set of correlative data, including observations from ozone sondes, ground-based lidar, FTIR and microwave radiometers, remote-sensing and in situ instruments on-board stratospheric aircraft and balloons, concurrent satellite sensors and ozone fields assimilated by the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting. A coordinated effort was carried out, using common criteria for the selection of individual validation data sets, and similar methods for the comparisons. This enabled merging the individual results from a variety of independent reference measurements of proven quality (i.e. well characterized error budget) into an overall evaluation of MIPAS O3 data quality, having both statistical strength and the widest spatial and temporal coverage. Collocated measurements from ozone sondes and ground-based lidar and microwave radiometers of the Network for the Detection Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) were selected to carry out comparisons with time series of MIPAS O3 partial columns and to identify groups of stations and time periods with a uniform pattern of ozone differences, that were subsequently used for a vertically resolved statistical analysis. The results of the comparison are classified according to synoptic and regional systems and to altitude intervals, showing a generally good agreement within the comparison error bars in the upper and middle stratosphere. Significant differences emerge in the lower stratosphere and are only partly explained by the larger contributions of horizontal and vertical smoothing differences and of collocation errors to the total uncertainty. Further results obtained from a purely statistical analysis of the same data set from NDACC ground-based lidar stations, as well as from additional ozone soundings at middle latitudes and from NDACC ground-based FTIR measurements, confirm the validity of MIPAS O3 profiles down to the lower stratosphere, with evidence of larger discrepancies at the lowest altitudes. The validation against O3 VMR profiles using collocated observations performed by other satellite sensors (SAGE II, POAM III, ODIN-SMR, ACE-FTS, HALOE, GOME) and ECMWF assimilated ozone fields leads to consistent results, that are to a great extent compatible with those obtained from the comparison with ground-based measurements. Excellent agreement in the full vertical range of the comparison is shown with respect to collocated ozone data from stratospheric aircraft and balloon instruments, that was mostly obtained in very good spatial and temporal coincidence with MIPAS scans. This might suggest that the larger differences observed in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere with respect to collocated ground-based and satellite O3 data are only partly due to a degradation of MIPAS data quality. They should be rather largely ascribed to the natural variability of these altitude regions and to other components of the comparison errors. By combining the results of this large number of validation data sets we derived a general assessment of MIPAS v4.61 and v4.62 ozone data quality. A clear indication of the validity of MIPAS O3 vertical profiles is obtained for most of the stratosphere, where the mean relative difference with the individual correlative data sets is always lower than ±10%. Furthermore, these differences always fall within the combined systematic error (from 1 hPa to 50 hPa) and the standard deviation is fully consistent with the random error of the comparison (from 1 hPa to ~30–40 hPa). A degradation in the quality of the agreement is generally observed in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, with biases up to 25% at 100 hPa and standard deviation of the global mean differences up to three times larger than the combined random error in the range 50–100 hPa. The larger differences observed at the bottom end of MIPAS retrieved profiles can be associated, as already noticed, to the effects of stronger atmospheric gradients in the UTLS that are perceived differently by the various measurement techniques. However, further components that may degrade the results of the comparison at lower altitudes can be identified as potentially including cloud contamination, which is likely not to have been fully filtered using the current settings of the MIPAS cloud detection algorithm, and in the linear approximation of the forward model that was used for the a priori estimate of systematic error components. The latter, when affecting systematic contributions with a random variability over the spatial and temporal scales of global averages, might result in an underestimation of the random error of the comparison and add up to other error sources, such as the possible underestimates of the p and T error propagation based on the assumption of a 1 K and 2% uncertainties, respectively, on MIPAS temperature and pressure retrievals. At pressure lower than 1 hPa, only a small fraction of the selected validation data set provides correlative ozone data of adequate quality and it is difficult to derive quantitative conclusions about the performance of MIPAS O3 retrieval for the topmost layers.
Published: 2007
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28. Spectroscopic and lasing properties of Er3+-doped glass microspheres

Author: Laura Ghisa, S. Sebastiani, Stefano Pelli, Giancarlo C. Righini, Yannick Dumeige, Alessandro Chiasera, Massimo Brenci, G. Nunzi Conti, Patrice Féron, Maurizio Ferrari, Simone Berneschi, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie ( IFN ), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Télécom Bretagne-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informatica e Sistemistica ( DEIS ), Università di Bologna [Bologna] ( UNIBO ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informatica e Sistemistica (DEIS), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Materials science, Optical fiber, Luminescence, Optical spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Laser pumping, Time resolved measurements, 01 natural sciences, Phosphate glass, law.invention, Phosphates, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Rare-earths in glasses, Materials Chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], PACS: 42.55.Sa, 42.70.Ce, 78.55.Qr, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Lasers, Silicates, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, laser, 3. Good health, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Glass microsphere, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, Whispering-gallery wave, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lasing threshold
Abstract: session "Photo-Induced Processes"; International audience; We report experimental results on the characterization of microspherical cavities fabricated in Er3+-doped modified-silica and phosphate glasses. The spectroscopic properties of the bulk precursor glasses as compared to the obtained microspheres were investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy and lifetime measurement for the 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions. In both types of glasses we demonstrate whispering gallery mode laser action at various wavelengths around 1550 nm by using a 1480 nm pump laser coupled through a tapered fiber.
Published: 2006
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29. MIPAS Level 2 operational analysis

Author: C. Belotti, Marco Ridolfi, Bruno Carli, Manuel López-Puertas, C. Piccolo, Anu Dudhia, Simone Ceccherini, Bianca Maria Dinelli, Reinhold Spang, Michael Höpfner, Vivienne H. Payne, Bernd Funke, Jean-Marie Flaud, Massimo Carlotti, John Remedios, Piera Raspollini, A. Burgess, P.Raspollini, C.Belotti, A.Burge, B.Carli, M.Carlotti, S.Ceccherini, B.M.Dinelli, A.Dudhia, J.-M.Flaud, B.Funke, M.Höpfner, M.Lopez-Puerta, V.Payne, C.Piccolo, J.J.Remedio, M.Ridolfi, R.Spang, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Earth Observation Science, EGU, Publication, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Istituto di Scienza dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphèriques ( LISA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía ( IAA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica [Bologna], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Earth Observation Science Group [Leicester] (EOS), Space Research Centre [Leicester], and University of Leicester-University of Leicester
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Opacity, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Extrapolation, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, lcsh:Chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Code (cryptography), Radiative transfer, Range (statistics), ddc:550, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Remote sensing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Atmospheric sounding, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Retrieval, Atmospheric composition, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Michelson interferometer, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, Environmental science, Satellite, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: International audience; The MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) instrument has been operating on-board the ENVISAT satellite since March 2002. In the first two years, it acquired in a nearly continuous manner high resolution (0.025 cm-1 unapodized) emission spectra of the Earth's atmosphere at limb in the middle infrared region. This paper describes the level 2 near real-time (NRT) and off-line (OL) ESA processors that have been used to derive level 2 geophysical products from the calibrated and geolocated level 1b spectra. The design of the code and the analysis methodology have been driven by the requirements for NRT processing. This paper reviews the performance of the optimized retrieval strategy that has been implemented to achieve these requirements and provides estimated error budgets for the target products: pressure, temperature, O3, H2O, CH4, HNO3, N2O and NO2, in the altitude measurement range from 6 to 68 km. From application to real MIPAS data, it was found that no change was needed in the developed code although an external algorithm was introduced to identify clouds with high opacity and to exclude affected spectra from the analysis. In addition, a number of updates were made to the set-up parameters and to auxiliary data. In particular, a new version of the MIPAS dedicated spectroscopic database was used and, in the OL analysis, the retrieval range was extended to reduce errors due to uncertainties in extrapolation of the profile outside the retrieval range and more stringent convergence criteria were implemented. A statistical analysis on the ?2 values obtained in one year of measurements shows good agreement with the a priori estimate of the forward model errors. On the basis of the first two years of MIPAS measurements the estimates of the forward model and instrument errors are in general found to be conservative with excellent performance demonstrated for frequency calibration. It is noted that the total retrieval error is limited by forward model errors which make effectless a further reduction of random errors. However, such a reduction is within the capabilities of MIPAS measurements, which contain many more spectral signatures of the target species than what has currently been used. Further work is needed to reduce the amplitude of the forward model errors, so that the random error and the total error budget can be reduced accordingly. The importance of the Averaging kernels for a full characterization of the target products is underlined and the equations are provided for their practical applications.
Published: 2006
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30. Aptasensors Based on Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators.

Author: Conti, Gualtiero Nunzi, Berneschi, Simome, and Soria, Silvia
Subjects: OPTICAL resonators, WHISPERING gallery modes, OPTICAL detectors
Abstract: In this paper, we review the literature on optical evanescent field sensing in resonant cavities where aptamers are used as biochemical receptors. The combined advantages of highly sensitive whispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR)-based transducers, and of the unique properties of aptamers make this approach extremely interesting in the medical field, where there is a particularly high need for devices able to provide real time diagnosis for cancer, infectious diseases, or strokes. However, despite the superior performances of aptamers compared to antibodies and WGMR to other evanescent sensors, there is not much literature combining both types of receptors and transducers. Up to now, the WGMR that have been used are silica microspheres and silicon oxynitride (SiON) ring resonators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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31. L' ISTITUTO DI FISICA APPLICATA "NELLO CARRARA".

Author: Siano, Salvatore, Olmi, Roberto, Picollo, Marcello, Raimondi, Valentina, and Pini, Roberto
Abstract: The Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara" (IFAC) of CNR in Florence has matured historically a strong tradition and continues to play a leading role in the introduction and testing of new technologies for the study and conservation of works of art, applied to sculptures and paintings (eg. by Michelangelo, Donatello and Masaccio) and monuments of inestimable historical and artistic value (eg. the Colosseum, the House of Augustus), in collaboration with major national restoration centers. Currently IFAC develop integrated spectroscopy techniques in the UV-Vis-IR and THz-GHz ranges for the study of the constituent materials and the state of conservation of cultural heritage. The research focuses on devices for non-invasive and in situ characterization of materials and for imaging, as well as on procedures of multivariate analysis of spectral data. Remote sensing techniques based on fluorescence LIDAR were applied for the first time in the survey of monuments by IFAC. Advanced diagnostic, such as LIPS (laser induced plasma spectroscopy) and 3D microscopy were originally developed for archeometric studies. In the field of restoration, IFAC has been a pioneer in the development of laser systems for cleaning of works of art made in stone, metal and painted surfaces, transferring these technologies to the Italian industry, which has become a world leader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016

32. Non-destructive fluorescence sensing for applications in precision viticulture.

Author: Tuccio, Lorenza, Agati, Giovanni, and Grassini, Graziana
Published: 2015
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33. FIBER LASER HYDROPHONES AS PRESSURE SENSORS.

Author: BAGNOLI, P. E., BEVERINI, N., CASTORINA, E., FALCHINI, E., FALCIAI, R., FLAMINIO, V., MACCIONI, E., MORGANTI, M., SORRENTINO, F., STEFANI, F., and TRONO, C.
Subjects: FIBER lasers, WAVELENGTHS, INTERFEROMETRY, NEUTRINOS, OPTICAL fibers
Published: 2006

34. Photonic glass ceramics based on SnO2 nanocrystals: advances and perspectives

Author: Gloria Ischia, Pawel Gluchowski, Anna Lukowiak, Andrea Chiappini, Stefano Varas, Cristina Armellini, Barbara Rossi, Brigitte Boulard, Alessandro Chiasera, Giorgio Speranza, Roberta Ramponi, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Damiano Massella, Mourad Benabdesselam, Rolindes Balda, Paola Dentella, Wilfried Blanc, Joaquín Fernández, Lam Thi Ngoc Tran, Alessandro Carpentiero, Maurizio Ferrari, James C. Gates, Shane M. Eaton, Francesco Prudenzano, Pier-John Sazio, Dominik Dorosz, Lidia Zur, Simone Berneschi, Daniele Zonta, Mario Christian Falconi, Giancarlo C. Righini, Franck Mady, CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Laboratoire des oxydes et fluorures (LdOF ), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Politecnico di Bari, Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros de Bilbao, School 4, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research [Polish Academy of Sciences], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)-Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Physics Department, University of Trento [Trento], Dipartimento di Fisica [Politecnico Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Fondazione Bruno Kessler [Trento, Italy] (FBK), Department of civil, environmental and mechanical engineering [Trento], University of Southampton, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Centro Enrico Fermi, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
Subjects: Sn o, Fabrication, Materials science, Sol-gel technology, Rare earth ions, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Physics::Optics, Glass photonics, 02 engineering and technology, Photonic glass-ceramics, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, SiO, law, 021105 building & construction, SiO2-SnO2, Ceramic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, nanocrystals, Photorefractivity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Glass-ceramic, business.industry, Absorption cross section, Luminescence sensitizers, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanocrystals, Nanocrystal, 2, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lasing threshold, Refractive index
Abstract: Trabajo presentado al XVII Optical Components and Materials, celewbrado en San Francisco, California (USA) del 1 al 6 de febrero de 2020., SnO2-based glass-ceramics activated by rare earth ions have been extensively investigated because of the need to develop reliable fabrication protocols and clarify some interesting optical, structural, and spectroscopic features of the system. There is one important weakness in glass photonics when the rare earth ions are employed as luminescent sources. This is the low absorption cross section of the electronic states of the rare earth ions. A sensitizer is therefore requested. In the last years, we demonstrated that SiO2-SnO2 glass ceramics, presenting a strong absorption cross section in the UV range due to the SnO2 nanocrystal, are effective rare earth ions sensitizers. Another interesting property of the SiO2-SnO2 system is its photorefractivity. The high photorefractivity of sol-gel-derived SnO2-SiO2 glass-ceramic waveguides has been demonstrated in several papers published by our consortium. It has been shown that the UV irradiation induces refractive index change allowing the direct writing of both channel waveguides and Bragg gratings. The results presented in this communication not only demonstrate the viability and outstanding properties of the SiO2- SnO2 glass-ceramics for photonic applications but also put the basis for the fabrication of solid state and integrated lasers. The next steps of the research are the fabrication of the channels and mirrors exploiting the photorefractivity as well as to draw glass ceramic fiber, checking the lasing action and corresponding functional characteristics. Finally, it is worth noting that the dynamic of the energy transfer from the nanocrystals to the rare earth ions is still an exciting open question., This research is performed in the framework of the projects ERANet-LAC “RECOLA” (2017-2019), Centro Fermi MiFo (2017–2020) and NaWaGui (ANR-18-MRS1-0014). WB and MF acknowledge the support of CNR-STM - Short Term Mobility program 2019-2020.
Published: 2020
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35. Characterisation of the Polyphenol Content in the Kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa) Exocarp for the Calibration of a Fruit-sorting Optical Sensor.

Author: Pinelli, Patrizia, Romani, Annalisa, Fierini, Elisa, Remorini, Damiano, and Agati, Giovanni
Abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction Kiwifruit contains high amounts of anti-oxidants beneficial to health. Its quality is influenced by ripening time, genotype, cultivation techniques, climate and storage conditions after harvest. Objective The aim of the present study was to characterise the phenolic content by HPLC methods and to evaluate the performance of a portable optical sensor (Multiplex 3), for in vivo non-destructive phenolic compound assessment in kiwifruits. Methods Kiwifruits peel extracts were characterised by reverse-phase (RP) HPLC with diode-array detector (DAD) and electrospray ionisation (ESI) with MS using the Zorbax SB-Aq. column from Agilent. The fluorimetric sensor method is based on the screening of fruit chlorophyll fluorescence excitation and allows the UV absorbance of intact fruit skin to be measured. The flavonol index, FLAV, was calculated as log( FRFR/ FRFUV), where FRFR and FRFUV are the chlorophyll fluorescence excited with red and UV light. Results Hydroxycinnamic acids, procyanidins, and quercetin glycosides were the main polyphenol classes detected by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS in the kiwifruit skin. A good linear regression ( R2 = 0.88) was found between the fluorimetric sensor FLAV index and flavonol chromatographic analysis of the fruits. The FLAV index was able to detect the higher content of flavonols in sun-exposed fruits with respect to mid-shaded and shaded ones in accordance with the destructive analysis. Conclusion The fluorimetric sensor represents a rapid and non-invasive tool to: (i) monitor the flavonol accumulation in kiwifruit and to assess its quality concerning the healthy anti-oxidant properties; (ii) evaluate the effect of environmental and agronomical factors related to the fruit quality; and (iii) select fruits with the largest flavonol content, and consequently less susceptible to pathogen attack, in order to improve their storage durability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2013
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36. Performance of Eudragit Coated Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator-Based Immunosensors.

Author: Giannetti, Ambra, Berneschi, Simone, Baldini, Francesco, Cosi, Franco, Nunzi Conti, Gualtiero, and Soria, Silvia
Subjects: OPTICAL sensors, PERFORMANCE evaluation, WHISPERING gallery modes, RADIOLIGAND assay, BUFFER solutions, FLUORESCENCE microscopy
Abstract: Abstract: Whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMR) are an efficient tool for the realization of optical biosensors. A high Q factor preservation is a crucial requirement for good biosensor performances. In this work we present an Eudragit®L100 coated microspherical WGMR as an efficient immunosensor. The developed resonator was morphologically characterized using fluorescence microscopy. The functionalization process was tuned to preserve the high Q factor of the resonator. The protein binding assay was optically characterized in terms of specificity in buffer solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
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37. Developing a new hyperspectral imaging interferometer for earth observation.

Author: Barducci, Alessandro, Castagnoli, Francesco, Castellini, Guido, Guzzi, Donatella, Lastri, Cinzia, Marcoionni, Paolo, Nardino, Vanni, and Pippi, Ivan
Subjects: ASTRONOMICAL observations, INTERFEROMETERS, HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems, REMOTE sensing, SAGNAC effect, SPECTRUM analysis
Abstract: The Aerospace Leap-frog Imaging Stationary interferometer for Earth Observation (ALISEO) is a hyperspectral imaging interferometer for Earth remote sensing. The instrument belongs to the class of Sagnac stationary interferometers and acquires the image of the target superimposed to the pattern of autocorrelation functions of the electromagnetic field coming from each pixel. The ALISEO sensor together with the data processing algorithms that retrieve the at-sensor spectral radiance are discussed. A model describing the instrument OPD and interferogram center is also discussed, improving the procedures for phase retrieval and spectral estimation. Images acquired by ALISEO are shown, and examples of retrieved reflectance spectra are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
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38. Effect of forests on the retrieval of snow parametersfrom backscatter measurements.

Author: Macelloni, Giovanni, Brogioni, Marco, Montomoli, Francesco, and Fontanelli, Giacomo
Subjects: REMOTE sensing in earth sciences, SYNTHETIC aperture radar, BACKSCATTERING, SNOW, PLANTS, SIMULATION methods & models, ALGORITHMS
Abstract: In preparation for the CoReH2O satellite mission, one of the three missions selected for scientific and technical feasibility studies within the Earth Explorer Programme of the ESA, experimental and theoretical studies have been under way in order to improve methods for the retrieval of snow physical properties from SAR data. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of vegetation in the retrieval of snow parameters from microwave backscattering measurements. ARTT model capable of simulating scattering from a snow-covered vegetated terrain was developed and implemented to study the sensitivity to snow and vegetation parameters. A procedure for correcting the vegetation effect in the SWE retrieval algorithm has been suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
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39. Optical Microspherical Resonators for Biomedical Sensing.

Author: Soria, Silvia, Berneschi, Simone, Brenci, Massimo, Cosi, Franco, Conti, Gualtiero Nunzi, Pelli, Stefano, and Righini, Giancarlo C.
Subjects: RESONATORS, MICROSPHERES, BIOSENSORS, ENERGY level densities, DETECTORS
Abstract: Optical resonators play an ubiquitous role in modern optics. A particular class of optical resonators is constituted by spherical dielectric structures, where optical rays are total internal reflected. Due to minimal reflection losses and to potentially very low material absorption, these guided modes, known as whispering gallery modes, can confer the resonator an exceptionally high quality factor Q, leading to high energy density, narrow resonant-wavelength lines and a lengthy cavity ringdown. These attractive characteristics make these miniaturized optical resonators especially suited as laser cavities and resonant filters, but also as very sensitive sensors. First, a brief analysis is presented of the characteristics of microspherical resonators, of their fabrication methods, and of the light coupling techniques. Then, we attempt to overview some of the recent advances in the development of microspherical biosensors, underlining a number of important applications in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011
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40. A simplified procedure for dosimetric evaluations on ELF sources with complex waveforms.

Author: Andreuccetti, D., Priori, S., and Zoppetti, N.
Subjects: ELECTROMAGNETISM, RADIATION measurements, RADIATION exposure, THRESHOLD limit values (Industrial toxicology)
Abstract: The endorsement of the 2004/40 European Directive has renewed the interest in numerical electromagnetic dosimetry. In this field, a need is clearly perceived for dosimetric approaches able to reduce costs and the time necessary for this type of evaluations. In the low and intermediate frequency ranges, EM dosimetry makes use of quasi-static techniques in the frequency domain, which become onerous when dealing with sources emitting multiple frequencies. A procedure is then proposed, able to greatly simplify the numerical process needed to perform a dosimetric calculation involving a complex waveform. The procedure is based on the use of an ‘equivalent’ field intensity at an arbitrarily chosen ‘reference’ frequency and allows executing a single-frequency dosimetric evaluation able to take into account, with some approximations, the complete spectral contents of the source signal. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Published: 2009
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41. Ground-Based Microwave Investigations of Forest Plots in Italy.

Author: Santi, Emanuele, Paloscia, Simonetta, Pampaloni, Paolo, and Pettinato, D Simone
Subjects: MICROWAVES, FORESTS & forestry, POPLARS, PINE, RADIOMETERS, REMOTE sensing, SOIL moisture
Abstract: In this paper, we report the results of an experimental study aimed toward investigating microwave emission from forests. The experiment was carried out in 2006 on two forest stands of poplar (Populus alba) and pine (Pinus italica), using ground-based microwave radiometers at the L-, C-, X-, Ku-, and Ka-bands, in H and V polarizations. Measurements on poplar were performed on different dates and at different incidence and azimuth angles, looking downward (from the top of trees and from below the crown) and upward (from the soil level). Only one downward-looking measurement was carried out over a pine plot with dry soil in April. All the remote sensing measurements were complemented with "ground-truth" data. The collected experimental data made it possible to quantify the spectral signatures of poplar, as well as the variation of angular trends of brightness temperature in different seasons of the year. The sensitivity of L-band emission to soil properties and leaf biomass was also investigated. Moreover, the measurements on poplar, combined with a simple radiative transfer model (the so-called omega-tau equation), allowed estimating the transmissivity of the canopy with and without leaves. The analysis of data has shown that for the observed forest type, the sensitivity to soil moisture under defoliated trees can be noted at both the L- and C-bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2009
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42. Foreword to the Special Issue on the 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad '08).

Author: MACELLONI, GIOVANNI, PALOSCIA, SIMONETTA, PAMPALONI, PAOLO, and WESTWATER, ED R.
Subjects: CONFERENCES & conventions, MICROWAVES, RADIATION measurements, REMOTE sensing in earth sciences, RADIOMETERS
Abstract: The article discusses the highlights of the 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad'08) held in Florence, Italy from March 11 to 14, 2008. The opening speech by organizer Paolo Pampaloni was dedicated in memory of Professor Giovanni d'Auria of the University of Rome in Italy. A session on the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) for Earth Observing System (EOS) was conducted. The meeting ended with a wine and cheese reception.
Published: 2009
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43. Acquisition of High Spectral Resolution Diffuse Reflectance Image Cubes (350–2500 nm) from Archaeological Wall Paintings and Other Immovable Heritage Using a Field-Deployable Spatial Scanning Reflectance Spectrometry Hyperspectral System.

Author: Radpour, Roxanne, Delaney, John K., and Kakoulli, Ioanna
Subjects: MURAL art, MULTISPECTRAL imaging, ART materials, X-ray fluorescence, HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems, REFLECTANCE, SPECTROMETRY
Abstract: There is growing interest in bringing non-invasive laboratory-based analytical imaging tools to field sites to study wall paintings in order to collect molecular information on the macroscale. Analytical imaging tools, such as reflectance imaging spectrometry, have provided a wealth of information about artist materials and working methods, as well as painting conditions. Currently, scientific analyses of wall paintings have been limited to point-measurement techniques such as reflectance spectroscopy (near-ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared), X-ray fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy. Macroscale data collection methods have been limited to multispectral imaging in reflectance and luminescence modes, which lacks sufficient spectral bands to allow for the mapping and identification of artist materials of interest. The development of laboratory-based reflectance and elemental imaging spectrometers and scanning systems has sparked interest in developing truly portable versions, which can be brought to field sites to study wall paintings where there is insufficient space or electrical power for laboratory instruments. This paper presents the design and testing of a simple hyperspectral system consisting of a 2D spatial spot scanning spectrometer, which provides high spectral resolution diffuse reflectance spectra from 350 to 2500 nm with high signal to noise and moderate spatial resolution (few mm). This spectral range at high spectral resolution was found to provide robust chemical specificity sufficient to identify and map many artists' materials, as well as the byproducts of weathering and conservation coatings across the surface of ancient and Byzantine Cypriot wall paintings. Here, we present a detailed description of the hyperspectral system, its performance, and examples of its use to study wall paintings from Roman tombs in Cyprus. The spectral/spatial image processing workflow to make maps of pigments and constituent painting materials is also discussed. This type of configurable hyperspectral system and the imaging processing workflow offer a new tool for the field study of wall paintings and other immovable heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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44. Validation of version-4.61 methane and nitrous oxide observed by MIPAS.

Author: Payan, S., Camy-Peyret, C., Oelhaf, H., Wetzel, G., Maucher, G., Keim, C., Pirre, M., Huret, N., Engel, A., Volk, M. C., Kuellmann, H., Kuttippurath, J., Cortesi, U., Bianchini, G., Mencaraglia, F., Raspollini, P., Redaelli, G., Vigouroux, C., De Mazi ere, M., and Mikuteit, S.
Subjects: TELECOMMUNICATION satellites, ATMOSPHERIC research, NITROGEN oxides, STRATOSPHERE, TROPOSPHERE
Abstract: The ENVISAT validation programme for the atmospheric instruments MIPAS, SCIAMACHY and GOMOS is based on a number of balloon-borne, aircraft, satellite and ground-based correlative measurements. In particular the activities of validation scientists were coordinated by ESA within the ENVISAT Stratospheric Aircraft and Balloon Campaign or ESABC. As part of a series of similar papers on other species [this issue] and in parallel to the contribution of the individual validation teams, the present paper provides a synthesis of comparisons performed between MIPAS CH4 and N2O profiles produced by the current ESA operational software (Instrument Processing Facility version 4.61 or IPF v4.61, full resolution MIPAS data covering the period 9 July 2002 to 26 March 2004) and correlative measurements obtained from balloon and aircraft experiments as well as from satellite sensors or from ground-based instruments. In the middle stratosphere, no significant bias is observed between MIPAS and correlative measurements, and MIPAS is providing a very consistent and global picture of the distribution of CH4 and N2O in this region. In average, the MIPAS CH4 values show a small positive bias in the lower stratosphere of about 5%. A similar situation is observed for N2O with a positive bias of 4%. In the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere (UT/LS) the individual used MIPAS data version 4.61 still exhibits some unphysical oscillations in individual CH4 and N2O profiles caused by the processing algorithm (with almost no regularization). Taking these problems into account, the MIPAS CH4 and N2O profiles are behaving as expected from the internal error estimation of IPF v4.61 and the estimated errors of the correlative measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2009
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45. Innovative Sensors for Environmental Monitoring in Museums.

Published: 2008

46. Soil Moisture Retrieval From Remotely Sensed Data: Neural. Network Approach Versus Bayesian Method.

Author: Notarnicola, Claudia, Angiulli, Mariella, and Posa, Francesco
Subjects: SOIL moisture, ARTIFICIAL neural networks, BAYESIAN field theory, BAYESIAN analysis, RADAR, REMOTE sensing, AEROSPACE telemetry, FREE-space optical technology, EARTH sciences
Abstract: Neural network (NN) approaches and statistical methods, based on a Bayesian procedure, are applied and compared in soil moisture (SM) retrieval from remotely sensed data. The principles and the practical implementations of Bayesian procedures and NNs are briefly discussed in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of each. Experimental tests are carried out by using the same set of training and test data for. each method. The methodologies have been applied to two sets of data to retrieve SM from bare soils and to verify their accuracy. One data set contains scatterometer and radiometer data acquired on a variety of agricultural fields in different polarizations, frequencies, and incidence angles. The other is made up of five experiments carried out with a C-band scatterometer on rough and smooth soils at different polarizations and incidence angles. There are significant similarities in the performance of each method; they both retrieve the same features and trends in the analyzed data sets. Algorithm performances change according to SM, level and data configuration. The main difficulties are found in retrieving low SM values, and in this case, the error on estimates is reduced when the data with two polarizations or two incidence angles are inserted in the inversion procedure. One major difference between the methodologies is that the NN performance improves, with respect to the Bayesian method, when more inputs are presented as two polarizations or two incidence angles in the training phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2008
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47. A Large-Area PVDF Pyroelectric Sensor for CO 2 Laser Beam Alignment.

Author: Mazzoni, M.., Capineri, L.., and Masotti, L..
Abstract: We present the design of a large-area (50 mm times 50 mm) polyvynilidene fluoride (PVDF) pyroelectric sensor array for industrial CO2 (lambda = 10.6 mum) laser beam positioning. The array dimensions were chosen to match the area typically monitored in the alignment procedure of external optics (beam steering moving arm system, for example) used to redirect the laser beam from the laser output window to a remote working station. The instrument is provided with a tilted, high reflection, ZnSe plate which partially transmits the laser beam onto the sensor array. From positioning simulations with a Gaussian laser intensity profile with a sigma = 3.2 mm standard deviation (equivalent spot size 3sigma cong 20 mm), the positional accuracy along the two orthogonal array dimensions was found to be better than 0.02 mm for an 8 times 8 array and one order of magnitude higher for a 16 times 16 array. The centroid position of a CO2 industrial laser beam was evaluated by integrating the pyroelectric current for a time comparable to the time duration (100-200 ms) of the laser pulses used in the alignment procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Published: 2007
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48. Multifrequency Microwave Emission From the Dome-C Area on the East Antarctic Plateau: Temporal and Spatial Variability.

Author: Macelloni, Giovanni, Brogioni, Marco, Pampaloni, Paolo, and Cagnati, Anselmo
Subjects: EMISSIVITY, RADIOMETERS, SNOW, SPATIAL variation
Abstract: The Antarctic plateau that extends for several hundred kilometers with an average altitude of close to 3000 m a.s.l. is the highest part of the east Antarctic ice cap. This area provides unique opportunities for various scientific disciplines, including glaciology and atmospheric and earth sciences. In addition, there is growing interest in using the Antarctic plateau, for calibrating and validating data of satellite-borne microwave radiometers, thanks to the size, structure, and spatial homogeneity of this area, and the thermal stability of deeper snow layers. In this paper, we analyze the temporal and spatial variabilities of multifrequency microwave emission from the area surrounding the Dome-C scientific station using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer data collected throughout 2005. Moreover, a multilayer coherent electromagnetic model is used for estimating the contribution of snow layers to emission at various frequencies. The results are consistent with the physical structure of the ice sheet and with its seasonal and spatial variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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49. Morphology and Biochemistry of Non-Glandular Trichomes in Cistus salvifolius L. Leaves Growing in Extreme Habitats of the Mediterranean Basin.

Author: M. Tattini
Subjects: FLUORESCENCE, CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis, LIQUID chromatography, CHEMICAL ecology
Abstract: Here the functional roles of stellate and dendritic trichomes in CISTUS SALVIFOLIUS L leaves were studied by analysing i) both leaf surface and trichome morphology using scanning electron and light microscopy; and ii) the composition and localisation of polyphenols by coupling liquid chromatography with fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence microimaging. Red-coloured compounds were detected in the stalk cells and the channel in the trichome arm, and appeared to be released at the tip end of the trichome branch. We identified such metabolites as ellagitannins, namely punicalagin and two galloyl derivatives of punicalagin. These ellagitannins accounted for 4.3 % of leaf dry weight and their concentration in the leaf leachate averaged 289.4 mg L -1. The trichome arms exhibited an appreciable orange-red autofluorescence (centred at 620 nm) when excited with UV light (at 365 nm) or emitted in the yellow waveband (peak centred at 566 nm) when stained with the Naturstoff reagent, and excited at 488 nm. The fluorescence signatures of the trichome arms were consistent with the presence of mono-hydroxy B-ring substituted flavonoids, which were identified as the mono- and di-coumaroyl derivative of a kaempferol 3-O-glycoside. Our data may provide some insights on the functional roles of stellate and dendritic trichomes in the response mechanisms of C. SALVIFOLIUS to Mediterranean-type climate, based upon (i) the potential effect of released ellagitannins on the soil nitrogen dynamic and (ii) the ability of acylated kaempferol 3-O-glycosides to effectively absorb both the UV-B and UV-A wavelengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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50. Chloroplast-located flavonoids can scavenge singlet oxygen.

Author: Agati, Giovanni, Matteini, Paolo, Goti, Andrea, and Tattini, Massimiliano
Subjects: CHLOROPLASTS, PLASTIDS, FLAVONOIDS, PHILLYREA, REACTIVE oxygen species
Abstract: • The hypothesis was tested that flavonoids may scavenge singlet oxygen (1O2) in mesophyll cells of Phillyrea latifolia exposed to excess-light stress. • In cross-sections taken from leaves developed at 10% (shade) or 100% (sun) solar irradiance, we evaluated the excess photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)-induced accumulation of 1O2 in mesophyll cells by imaging the fluorescence quenching of the specific 1O2 probe N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]- N-[(2,5-dihydro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1 H-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl]-5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (DanePy). The intracellular location of flavonoids was also analyzed using three-dimensional deconvolution microscopy. • Photo-induced quenching of DanePy fluorescence was markedly greater in the mesophyll of shade leaves than in that of sun leaves, the former showing a negligible accumulation of mesophyll flavonoids. The photo-induced generation of 1O2 was inversely related to the content of flavonoids in the mesophyll cells of sun leaves. Flavonoids were located in the chloroplasts, and were likely associated with the chloroplast envelope. • Here we provide relevant evidence for the potential scavenger activity of chloroplast-located flavonoids against 1O2 and new insights into the photo-protective role of flavonoids in higher plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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