Search

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jpl-10.1177_08854122211012898 for Conceptualizing Mobility Inequality: Mobility and Accessibility for the Marginalized by Isti Hidayati, Wendy Tan and Claudia Yamu in Journal of Planning Literature

The burgeoning landscape of literature on mobility inequalities has led to discrepancies between a conceptual understanding of mobility inequalities and its implementation in planning practice. Reviewing 270 publications across five decades, this article identifies intrinsic and extrinsic factors and approaches for understanding and analyzing mobility inequality. Using two thought experiments to critically locate variations in factors and approaches, dilemmas and challenges in addressing mobility inequality for the marginalized are exposed. The article concludes with future research directions for investigating mobility inequality.

This article investigates how planning policies have shaped urban form and mobility behavior in the rapidly urbanized metropolitan area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We argue that the complex chain of consequences of previous policies and their implementation processes can be understood from the socio-spatial dynamics that result from the interaction between people and their built environment. Using the case of Kuala Lumpur, we provide empirical evidence of these socio-spatial dynamics through (1) the identification of key policies, (2) an understanding of Kuala Lumpur's spatial configuration using space syntax, and (3) in-depth interviews to reveal mobility behavior. Our findings suggest that Kuala Lumpur's previous road expansion policies, national car project, and fragmented new town development have created an urban form that encourages vehicular instead of pedestrian movement. Consequently, this has induced an automobile dependence and culture that conflicts with the country's current initiatives on sustainable development. For policymakers and planners, these findings provide awareness that policy impacts span across generations and scales, making them difficult to reverse and take a long time to be fixed. We conclude with practical insights on how to reverse the unsustainable path through socio-spatial innovations and research directions to address the ongoing vehicular dominance and automobile society in Kuala Lumpur.

In the rapidly urbanising Southeast Asian metropolitan cities, access to key socio-economic functions such as jobs, education, and healthcare are disproportionately distributed across income groups and gender. In regions where walking is associated with low socio-economic status, those without or have restricted access to private motorised vehicles (i.e. captive pedestrians) are marginalised in a car-oriented society. Differences in the ability and capacity to move is referred to as mobility inequality. In the context of daily travel activities, the lack of ability or difficulties in performing daily mobility can exacerbate a lack of access to socio-economic opportunities. For understanding mobility inequality, socio-spatial insights can provide insights as people conform to certain social values and exhibit particular spatial tendencies while travelling, as manifested in their travel pattern and behaviours.The main objective of this dissertation is to provide socio-spatial insights into mobility inequality by investigating empirical cases in Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur as typical representation of Southeast Asian metropolitan cities. A mixed method approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods is employed to unpack both the social and spatial dimension related to mobility. Findings from this dissertation confirm how mobility inequality is manifested in daily travel activities. Social practices and spatial configurations influence this manifestation in Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur in the form of marginalisation of pedestrians, especially female and captive pedestrians, and private vehicle dependence. This condition occurs at both the metropolitan and the neighbourhood scales, but the mechanism of socio-spatial interplay differs across various culture and geographical contexts.

To date, little is known about the interplay between transport, land use and the social systems that influence potential and realised accessibility in Southeast Asia. This paper aims to understand these relationships in an informal settlement–a kampong–at the edge of the upscale Menteng district, Jakarta. We applied a mixed-methods approach of (1) a computational street network analysis using space syntax, (2) video analysis to understand travel behaviour and land use and (3) an analysis of street users’ experiences collected through interviews. Our findings indicated that the pedestrian accessibility was not fully realised due to unsupportive land uses and negative perceptions of walking experienced by kampong inhabitants. Marginalised groups became captive pedestrians limited in their mobility choices. This study provides insights into Jakarta’s informal settlements and how urban planning can contribute to sustainable development for inclusive, safe, and resilient cities.

Despite numerous studies suggesting a path-dependent relationship between transport&ndash, land use policies and urban structures, particularly on the emergence of car-oriented development, this connection has rarely been explained with spatial evidence. To address this gap, this paper investigated the historical and spatial urban transformation of Greater Jakarta from three different time periods to understand today&rsquo, s extensive use of and dependence on private vehicles. This study applied a multi-method approach of (1) historical literature review, (2) computational analysis of the street network using space syntax, and (3) visual analysis of video recordings to allow for a comprehensive insight into the socio-spatial aspects of urbanization as a path-dependent course. The findings indicate that Jakarta&rsquo, s pedestrian network has been diminishing over time against the well-connected vehicular network. Furthermore, the remaining potential for walking cannot be actualized due to walking inconveniences at the street level. This suggests mobility inequality, since access to citywide urban functions is highly dependent on the access to private vehicles. It also provides spatial evidence that previous policies have had a long-term impact on socio-spatial structures. This paper contributes not only scientific reference for transport and mobility studies in the Southeast Asia region, but also a practical reference for urban planners and policy-makers on how to achieve sustainable development goals and to provide equal access for all.

Agritourism, which is an integration of agriculture and tourism activities, is often regarded as the main strategy for rural development. The concept itself seems promising in addition to numerous success stories of agritourism implementation in some cities in Indonesia (e.g., Malang City, Bogor City, Yogyakarta City, in Indonesia). However, there is no guarantee that the implementation of agritourism in other cities would yield the same level of success. Despite the difference in agriculture potential, there exist missing links in agritourism development which for many cases turn out to be the reason of failure. These missing links were discovered during the process of Rural Development and Planning Evaluation Project, which was conducted in 4 months, covering rural areas in Kalimantan. In this paper, the missing links in agritourism development are a lesson learned gained from an evaluation project that serves as a basis to draw recommendation on how to restore the link of this missing links. The elaboration is conducted in a qualitative approach, focusing on cases from two rural areas in Kalimantan.

In developing countries, investing in road networks is among main items in the governmental spending. Despite of the key role of mobility networks in the economic and social activities, yet the current debate now with the global trend of cutting budgets, is how to maximize the capacity of governmental assets, among which, the road networks. It is worth mentioning here that in one case study, a road link is operating at ≈ 60% of its capacity due to inappropriate land use, unregulated on-street parking, besides other deteriorated geometric and structural characteristics of the carriageways. In this paper, a comprehensive understanding of “road network capacity dampers” shall be developed in a way that address the traffic engineering parameters (capacity reserves, flow, dimensions), as well as inappropriate land use. This understanding is elaborated in a quantifiable approach to reveal the significance of these reserves, thereafter, provide the foundation for the tradeoff between altering the already established land use, or to operate at deteriorated capacities. This discussion is presented in two case studies from two emerging cities: Cairo (Kamel Sedky St.) in Egypt, and Yogyakarta (Kesehatan St.,) in Indonesia. Finally, an urban-economic model will investigate potential measures to reclaim the capacity and how to integrate these capacity dampers as a valuable parameter in the road maintenance management plans.