21 results on '"Issam Tout"'
Search Results
2. Peripheral natural killer cells in chronic hepatitis B patients display multiple molecular features of T cell exhaustion
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Marie Marotel, Marine Villard, Annabelle Drouillard, Issam Tout, Laurie Besson, Omran Allatif, Marine Pujol, Yamila Rocca, Michelle Ainouze, Guillaume Roblot, Sébastien Viel, Melissa Gomez, Veronique Loustaud, Sophie Alain, David Durantel, Thierry Walzer, Uzma Hasan, and Antoine Marçais
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natural killer ,dysfunction ,calcium pathway ,mTOR ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Antiviral effectors such as natural killer (NK) cells have impaired functions in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The molecular mechanism responsible for this dysfunction remains poorly characterised. We show that decreased cytokine production capacity of peripheral NK cells from CHB patients was associated with reduced expression of NKp30 and CD16, and defective mTOR pathway activity. Transcriptome analysis of patients NK cells revealed an enrichment for transcripts expressed in exhausted T cells suggesting that NK cell dysfunction and T cell exhaustion employ common mechanisms. In particular, the transcription factor TOX and several of its targets were over-expressed in NK cells of CHB patients. This signature was predicted to be dependent on the calcium-associated transcription factor NFAT. Stimulation of the calcium-dependent pathway recapitulated features of NK cells from CHB patients. Thus, deregulated calcium signalling could be a central event in both T cell exhaustion and NK cell dysfunction occurring during chronic infections.
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- 2021
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3. HBV and the importance of TLR9 on B cell responses
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Issam Tout, Marie Marotel, Isabelle Chemin, and Uzma Hasan
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hepatitis B virus ,chronic infection ,B cells ,Toll-like receptor 9 ,innate immunity ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Chronic HBV infection affects more than 240 million people worldwide and is a major risk factor for developing cancer in which 10–30% of cases will progress towards liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Infection outcome relies on the immune system maturity. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a sensor of viral and bacterial DNA motifs and activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and B cells to generate effective immune responses against infection. B cells, especially CD38hi plasma cells play a major role in mediating humoral immune responses to clear HBV infection. Many studies have shown that TLR9 function is abrogated by HBV in pDCs. We aim to discuss the importance of B cell function in CHB patients and summarize concisely studies that describe the effect of HBV on TLR9 mediated B cell function. The effect of HBV on TLR9 activity in B cells should give insights into oncoviral immune escape strategies providing knowledge that will be essential to develop novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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- 2017
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4. miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Viral Hepatitis B and C
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Dimitri Loureiro, Issam Tout, Stéphanie Narguet, Sabrina Menasria Benazzouz, Abdellah Mansouri, and Tarik Asselah
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liver ,inflammation ,chronic liver diseases ,chronic hepatitis ,fibrosis markers ,pro-fibrogenic ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Around 257 million people are living with hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection and 71 million with hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection. Both HBV and HCV infections can lead to liver complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To take care of these chronically infected patients, one strategy is to diagnose the early stage of fibrosis in order to treat them as soon as possible to decrease the risk of HCC development. microRNAs (or miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which regulate many cellular processes in metazoans. Their expressions were frequently modulated by up- or down-regulation during fibrosis progression. In the serum of patients with HBV chronic infection (CHB), miR-122 and miR-185 expressions are increased, while miR-29, -143, -21 and miR-223 expressions are decreased during fibrosis progression. In the serum of patients with HCV chronic infection (CHC), miR-143 and miR-223 expressions are increased, while miR-122 expression is decreased during fibrosis progression. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of principal miRNAs modulation involved in fibrosis progression during chronic hepatitis B/C infections. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose fibrosis with the intention of prioritizing patients with advanced fibrosis for treatment and surveillance.
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- 2020
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5. Human papillomavirus type 16 antagonizes IRF6 regulation of IL-1β.
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Michelle Ainouze, Pauline Rochefort, Peggy Parroche, Guillaume Roblot, Issam Tout, François Briat, Claudia Zannetti, Marie Marotel, Nadege Goutagny, Philip Auron, Alexandra Traverse-Glehen, Aude Lunel-Potencier, Francois Golfier, Murielle Masson, Alexis Robitaille, Massimo Tommasino, Christine Carreira, Thierry Walzer, Thomas Henry, Katia Zanier, Gilles Trave, and Uzma Ayesha Hasan
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) and other oncoviruses have been shown to block innate immune responses and to persist in the host. However, to avoid viral persistence, the immune response attempts to clear the infection. IL-1β is a powerful cytokine produced when viral motifs are sensed by innate receptors that are members of the inflammasome family. Whether oncoviruses such as HPV16 can activate the inflammasome pathway remains unknown. Here, we show that infection of human keratinocytes with HPV16 induced the secretion of IL-1β. Yet, upon expression of the viral early genes, IL-1β transcription was blocked. We went on to show that expression of the viral oncoprotein E6 in human keratinocytes inhibited IRF6 transcription which we revealed regulated IL-1β promoter activity. Preventing E6 expression using siRNA, or using E6 mutants that prevented degradation of p53, showed that p53 regulated IRF6 transcription. HPV16 abrogation of p53 binding to the IRF6 promoter was shown by ChIP in tissues from patients with cervical cancer. Thus E6 inhibition of IRF6 is an escape strategy used by HPV16 to block the production IL-1β. Our findings reveal a struggle between oncoviral persistence and host immunity; which is centered on IL-1β regulation.
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- 2018
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6. Mitochondrial stress in advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis associated with chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Dimitri Loureiro, Issam Tout, Stéphanie Narguet, Cheikh Mohamed Bed, Morgane Roinard, Ahmad Sleiman, Nathalie Boyer, Nathalie Pons‐Kerjean, Corinne Castelnau, Nathalie Giuly, Dorothy Tonui, Vassili Soumelis, Jamel El Benna, Patrick Soussan, Richard Moreau, Valérie Paradis, Abdellah Mansouri, and Tarik Asselah
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Hepatology - Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes oxidative stress (OS) and alters mitochondria in experimental models. Our goal was to investigate whether HBV might alter liver mitochondria also in humans, and the resulting mitochondrial stress might account for the progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).The study included 146 treatment-naïve CHB mono-infected patients. Patients with CHB and advanced fibrosis (AF) or cirrhosis (F3-F4) were compared to patients with no/mild-moderate fibrosis (F0-F2). Patients with CHB were further compared to patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC; n = 33), nonalcoholic steatohepatatis (NASH; n = 12), and healthy controls (n = 24). We detected oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including mtDNA strand beaks, and identified multiple mtDNA deletions in patients with F3-F4 as compared to patients with F0-F2. Alterations in mitochondrial function, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, biogenesis, mitophagy, and liver inflammation were observed in patients with AF or cirrhosis associated with CHB, CHC, and NASH. In vitro, significant increases of the mitochondrial formation of superoxide and peroxynitrite as well as mtDNA damage, nitration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and impairment of complex I occurred in HepG2 cells replicating HBV or transiently expressing hepatitits B virus X protein. mtDNA damage and complex I impairment were prevented with the superoxide-scavenging Mito-Tempo or with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-specific inhibitor 1400 W.Our results emphasized the importance of mitochondrial OS, mtDNA damage, and associated alterations in mitochondrial function and dynamics in AF or cirrhosis in CHB and NASH. Mitochondria might be a target in drug development to stop fibrosis progression.
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- 2022
7. New therapies for hepatitis delta virus infection
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Stéphanie Narguet, Abdellah Mansouri, Nathalie Giuly, Zeina Louis, Nathalie Boyer, Patrick Marcellin, Sabrina Menasria Benazzouz, Corinne Castelnau, Issam Tout, Dimitri Loureiro, Nathalie Pons-Kerjean, and Tarik Asselah
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Adult ,Hepatitis B virus ,HBsAg ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,viruses ,Viremia ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antiviral Agents ,Defective virus ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pegylated interferon ,medicine ,Humans ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,virus diseases ,South America ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Europe ,Africa, Western ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Superinfection ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Hepatitis Delta Virus ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection is a defective virus requiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its complete replication cycle. HDV is a small hepatotropic RNA virus and around 15 to 25 million people worldwide are living with chronic hepatitis delta (CHD) infection. However, the prevalence of HDV may be underestimated, and screening is frequently insufficient. HDV infection remains endemic in several regions including Central and West Africa, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Northern Asia, certain areas of Southeast Asia and the Amazon basin of South America. The best preventive strategy to decrease HDV infection is to improve coverage of the prophylactic HBV vaccine. HDV infection may occur by HBV-HDV co-infection or superinfection, and the latter is usually more severe. CHD is associated with a higher risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to HBV mono-infection. Pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFNα) therapy is limited by moderate effectiveness (around 20%) and its adverse effects. The entry inhibitor, bulevirtide (BLV, Hepcludex® ), which was recently approved in Europe at a dose of 2 mg in sub-cutaneous injection per day, is indicated for the treatment of CHD in adult patients with compensated liver disease and positive HDV viremia. BLV can be administrated in monotherapy or in combination with PEG-IFNα. Nucleos(t)ide analogues can be used in combination for underlying HBV infection. The optimal treatment duration has not yet been determined and treatment should be continued if a clinical benefit is observed. There are other promising therapies such as IFN lambda (IFNλ) (immunomodulator), lonafarnib (prenylation inhibitor) and nucleic acid polymers (Inhibitors of HBsAg release). In this review, we will present an update on CHD and future promising treatments.
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- 2021
8. Future treatments for hepatitis delta virus infection
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Corinne Castelnau, Tarik Asselah, Abdellah Mansouri, Dimitri Loureiro, Patrick Marcellin, Nathalie Boyer, and Issam Tout
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Hepatitis B virus ,HBsAg ,viruses ,Biology ,Virus Replication ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antiviral Agents ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Liver disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Ribonucleoprotein ,Hepatitis delta Antigens ,Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ,Hepatology ,virus diseases ,RNA ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Entry inhibitor ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,RNA, Viral ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Hepatitis Delta Virus ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Around 15-20 million people develop chronic hepatitis delta virus worldwide. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus requiring the presence of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) to complete its life cycle. HDV infects hepatocytes using the hepatitis B virus (HBV) receptor, the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). The HDV genome is a circular single-stranded RNA which encodes for a single hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) that exists in two forms (S-HDAg and L-HDAg), and its replication is mediated by the host RNA polymerases. The HBsAg-coated HDV virions contain a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) formed by the RNA genome packaged with small and large HDAg. Farnesylation of the L-HDAg is the limiting step for anchoring this RNP to HBsAg, and thus for assembling, secreting and propagating virion particles. There is an important risk of morbidity and mortality caused by end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma with HDV and current treatment is pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) for 48 weeks with no other options in patients who fail treatment. The ideal goal for HDV treatment is the clearance of HBsAg, but a reasonably achievable goal is a sustained HDV virological response (negative HDV RNA 6 months after stopping treatment). New drug development must take into account the interaction of HBV and HDV. In this review, we will present the new insights in the HDV life cycle that have led to the development of novel classes of drugs and discuss antiviral approaches in phase II and III of development: bulevirtide (entry inhibitor), lonafarnib, (prenylation inhibitor) and REP 2139 (HBsAg release inhibitor).
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- 2020
9. Functionnal and mitochondrial dynamics alterations in patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced fibrosis
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Dimitri Loureiro, Issam Tout, Cheikh Mohemed Bed, Morganer Roinard, Ahmad Sleiman, Boyer Nathalie, Stephanie Narguet, Nathalie Pons-Kerjean, Corinne Castelnau, Nathalie Giuly, Vassili Soumelis, Jamel El Benna, Patrick Soussan, Richard Moreau, Valérie Paradis, Abdel Mansouri, and Tarik Asselah
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Hepatology - Published
- 2022
10. The Changing Demographics of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
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Issam Tout, Dimitri Loureiro, and Tarik Asselah
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Hepatitis B virus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatology ,Demographics ,business.industry ,Public health ,Vaccination ,macromolecular substances ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Hepatitis D ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,sense organs ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection remains a global public health problem with changing epidemiology due to several factors including vaccination policies and migration.
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- 2021
11. Early virological response in six patients with hepatitis D virus infection and compensated cirrhosis treated with Bulevirtide in real-life
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Nathalie Giuly, Stéphanie Narguet, Frédéric Le Gal, Patrick Marcellin, Ségolène Brichler, Sarah Maylin, Cheikh Mohamed Bed, Malek Abazid, Abdellah Mansouri, Valérie Bouton, Dimitri Loureiro, Athenaïs Gerber, Tarik Asselah, Emmanuel Gordien, Issam Tout, Nathalie Boyer, and Corinne Castelnau
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Adult ,Liver Cirrhosis ,HBsAg ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cirrhosis ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,viruses ,Gastroenterology ,Antiviral Agents ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pegylated interferon ,Interferon ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Humans ,European union ,media_common ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,virus diseases ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,medicine.disease ,Hepatitis D ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Hepatitis Delta Virus ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,Viral hepatitis ,business ,Viral load ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection is the most severe form of viral hepatitis. Bulevirtide (BLV, Hepcludex® ) is an HDV/HBV entry inhibitor approved in June 2020 in the European Union for adult patients with chronic hepatitis delta (CHD) and compensated liver disease and positive HDV RNA viral load. This real-life preliminary report described early virological efficacy and safety of BLV in six patients with CHD and compensated liver disease: four patients were treated with the combination of BLV (2 mg/d in subcutaneous injection) and pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and two patients with BLV monotherapy. Four patients treated with combined therapy had a decline of a minimum of 1 log10 and 3/3 of 2 log10 of HDV-VL at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. One patient among four had stopped the treatment at 12 weeks because of thrombocytopenia and an HDV-VL relapse was notified 24 weeks after treatment cessation. Three patients among four (3/4) had undetectable HDV-VL during the therapy (
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- 2021
12. The role of B cells and their interactions with stromal cells in the context of inflammatory autoimmune diseases
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Issam, Tout and Pierre, Miossec
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Inflammation ,B-Lymphocytes ,Immunology ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Stromal Cells ,Autoimmune Diseases - Abstract
Interactions between B cells and stromal cells have essential functions in immune cell development and responses. During chronic inflammation, the pro-inflammatory microenvironment leads to changes in stromal cells, which acquire a pathogenic phenotype specific to each organ and disease. B cells are recruited to the site of inflammation and interact with these pathogenic stromal cells contributing to the disease's severity. In addition to producing autoantibodies, B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases by serving as professional antigen-presenting cells, producing cytokines, and through additional mechanisms. This review describes the role of B cells and their interactions with stromal cells in chronic inflammation, with a focus on human disease, using three selected autoimmune inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. Understanding B cells roles and their interaction with stromal cells will help develop new therapeutic options for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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- 2022
13. Perspectives on stopping nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B
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Tarik Asselah, Issam Tout, Thomas Berg, Pietro Lampertico, Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University of Milan, Leipzig University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Hepatitis B virus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,HBsAg ,Sustained Virologic Response ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030106 microbiology ,Immune control ,Hbsag seroclearance ,Antiviral Agents ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hepatitis B, Chronic ,Immune system ,Chronic hepatitis ,Virology ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,In patient ,Relapse ,HBV infection ,NA discontinuation ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Disease progression ,Nucleosides ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,3. Good health ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Treatment Outcome ,030104 developmental biology ,Withholding Treatment ,Seroconversion ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Quantitative hbsag ,business ,Biomarkers ,Quantitative HBsAg - Abstract
International audience; Long-term treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) is the current first line therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), recommended by most of the current guidelines. NAs prevent disease progression, liver failure, decrease the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and have favorable safety profiles. However, low rates of on-therapy functional cure (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] loss), which is regarded as the optimal end point, prevent many patients from stopping NA therapy with the need for a lifelong treatment. The higher likelihood of HBsAg loss associated with stopping as compared to continuing NAs has got a lot of attention recently. Recommendations regarding endpoints allowing for safely stopping NA therapy differ between international guidelines. Whereas in HBeAg-positive patients, HBeAg seroconversion with at least one year of consolidation therapy is an acceptable endpoint of treatment, the recommendations for HBeAg-negative ones differ. Some guidelines propose ≥3 years of HBV DNA undetectability to stop NA while others regard HBsAg loss as the only acceptable endpoint. Stopping NA can lead to substantial rates of virologic relapses and consequent ALT flares in some cases. Moreover, no reliable predictor(s) of post-NA relapses have been identified so far. Quantitative HBsAg is becoming an increasingly promising marker to predict safe NA cessation. On the other hand, investigating the role of the immune system in mediating sustained virologic responses after NA withdrawal is needed to suggest immunological biomarkers to safely stop NA. In this article, we will review relevant literature regarding NA stopping strategy and discuss promising viral and immunological biomarkers to predict antiviral responses and thus to help identify patients who are more likely to achieve HBsAg seroclearance.
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- 2021
14. Author response: Peripheral natural killer cells in chronic hepatitis B patients display multiple molecular features of T cell exhaustion
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Issam Tout, Melissa Gomez, Thierry Walzer, Sébastien Viel, Yamila Rocca, David Durantel, Sophie Alain, Marine Villard, Marine Pujol, Michelle Ainouze, Antoine Marçais, Veronique Loustaud, Omran Allatif, Marie Marotel, Laurie Besson, Guillaume Roblot, Uzma Hasan, and Annabelle Drouillard
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medicine.anatomical_structure ,Chronic hepatitis ,business.industry ,T cell ,Immunology ,Medicine ,business ,Peripheral - Published
- 2021
15. miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Viral Hepatitis B and C
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Stéphanie Narguet, Dimitri Loureiro, Issam Tout, Sabrina Menasria Benazzouz, Abdellah Mansouri, and Tarik Asselah
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0301 basic medicine ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Hepatitis B virus ,Cirrhosis ,diagnosis ,Hepatitis C virus ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Inflammation ,Review ,Hepacivirus ,chronic liver diseases ,medicine.disease_cause ,liver ,Virus Replication ,lcsh:Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fibrosis ,Virology ,microRNA ,medicine ,pro-fibrogenic ,Humans ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Hepatitis B ,Prognosis ,Hepatitis C ,digestive system diseases ,Chronic infection ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,anti-fibrogenic ,Gene Expression Regulation ,inflammation ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Immune System ,Immunology ,Disease Progression ,chronic hepatitis ,Disease Susceptibility ,medicine.symptom ,business ,fibrosis markers ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Around 257 million people are living with hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection and 71 million with hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection. Both HBV and HCV infections can lead to liver complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To take care of these chronically infected patients, one strategy is to diagnose the early stage of fibrosis in order to treat them as soon as possible to decrease the risk of HCC development. microRNAs (or miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which regulate many cellular processes in metazoans. Their expressions were frequently modulated by up- or down-regulation during fibrosis progression. In the serum of patients with HBV chronic infection (CHB), miR-122 and miR-185 expressions are increased, while miR-29, -143, -21 and miR-223 expressions are decreased during fibrosis progression. In the serum of patients with HCV chronic infection (CHC), miR-143 and miR-223 expressions are increased, while miR-122 expression is decreased during fibrosis progression. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of principal miRNAs modulation involved in fibrosis progression during chronic hepatitis B/C infections. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose fibrosis with the intention of prioritizing patients with advanced fibrosis for treatment and surveillance.
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- 2020
16. Hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance: Immune mechanisms, clinical impact, importance for drug development
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Vassili Soumelis, Issam Tout, Nathalie Boyer, Abdellah Mansouri, Tarik Asselah, Dimitri Loureiro, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Immunologie humaine, physiopathologie & immunothérapie (HIPI (UMR_S_976 / U976)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)
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0301 basic medicine ,HBsAg ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Hbsag seroclearance ,Hepatitis b surface antigen ,Antiviral Agents ,Immune System Phenomena ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hepatitis B, Chronic ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Interferon ,Humans ,Medicine ,Seroconversion ,Immune mechanisms ,Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,virus diseases ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,digestive system diseases ,3. Good health ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030104 developmental biology ,Drug development ,Immunology ,bacteria ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
HBsAg seroclearance occurs rarely in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Many factors are associated with HBsAg seroconversion, including immune and viral factors. However, the immune mechanisms associated with HBsAg seroclearance are still difficult to elucidate. HBsAg seroclearance is the ideal aim of HBV treatment. Unfortunately, this goal is rarely achieved with current treatments. Understanding the mechanisms of HBsAg loss appears to be important for the development of curative HBV treatments. While studies from animal models give insights into the potential immune mechanisms and interactions occurring between the immune system and HBsAg, they do not recapitulate all features of CHB in humans and are subject to variability due to their complexity. In this article, we review recent studies on these immune factors, focusing on their influence on CHB progression and HBsAg seroconversion. These data provide new insights for the development of therapeutic approaches to partially restore the anti-HBV immune response. Targeting HBsAg will ideally relieve the immunosuppressive effects on the immune system and help to restore anti-HBV immune responses.
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- 2020
17. Peripheral Natural Killer cells from chronic hepatitis B patients display molecular hallmarks of T cell exhaustion
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Melissa Gomez, Issam Tout, Yamila Rocca, Uzma Hasan, Marine Pujol, Guillaume Roblot, David Durantel, Marine Villard, Michelle Ainouze, Sophie Alain, Veronique Loustaud, Antoine Marçais, Omran Allatif, Marie Marotel, Sébastien Viel, Laurie Besson, and Thierry Walzer
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Transcriptome ,Thymocyte ,Immune system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,T cell ,Cell ,Immunology ,medicine ,NFAT ,CD16 ,Biology ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway - Abstract
A significant proportion of individuals infected by HBV develops chronic infection. Antiviral effectors such as Natural Killer (NK) cells have impaired functions in these patients, but the molecular mechanism responsible for this dysfunction remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that peripheral NK cells from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have a defective capacity to produce IFN-γ, MIP1-β and TNF-α but retain an intact killing capacity. This functional phenotype was associated with a decrease in the expression of NKp30 and CD16, combined with defects in IL-15 stimulation of the mTOR pathway. Transcriptome analysis of NK cells in CHB patients further revealed a strong enrichment for transcripts typically expressed in exhausted T cells suggesting that NK cell dysfunction and T cell exhaustion rely on common molecular mechanisms. In particular, the transcription factor thymocyte selection-associated HMG box protein (TOX) and several of its targets, including immune checkpoints, were over-expressed in NK cells of CHB patients. This T cell exhaustion signature was predicted to be dependent on the calcium (Ca2+)-associated transcription factor NFAT. In line with this, when stimulating the Ca2+-dependent pathway in isolation, we recapitulated the dysfunctional phenotype. Thus, deregulated Ca2+ signalling could be a central event in both T cell exhaustion and NK cell dysfunction that occur during chronic infections.
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- 2020
18. Mitochondrial DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis B
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Dimitri Loureiro, Abdel Mansouri, Ahmad Sleiman, Boyer Nathalie, Stephanie Narguet, Issam Tout, Marcellin Patrick, Valérie Paradis, and Tarik Asselah
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Hepatology - Published
- 2020
19. Hepatitis B Virus Blocks the CRE/CREB Complex and Prevents TLR9 Transcription and Function in Human B Cells
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David Durantel, Thierry Walzer, Uzma Hasan, Véronique Loustaud-Ratti, Salvatore Vaccarella, Isabelle Chemin, Issam Tout, Bertrand Dubois, Sophie Alain, Michelle Ainouze, Timothee Pecoul, Marie Marotel, and Melissa Gomes
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Hepatitis B virus ,Immunology ,Down-Regulation ,medicine.disease_cause ,CREB ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Immune tolerance ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Hepatitis B, Chronic ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Immune Tolerance ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Phosphorylation ,Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,B cell ,Aged ,Cell Proliferation ,Immune Evasion ,B-Lymphocytes ,Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ,biology ,Integrases ,virus diseases ,TLR9 ,Hepatitis B ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Toll-Like Receptor 9 ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Cytokines ,Cytokine secretion ,Female ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Effective B cell responses such as cytokine secretion, proliferation, and Ab-specific responses are essential to clear hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, HBV alters numerous immune pathways to persist in the host. B cell activity depends on activation of the innate sensor TLR9 by viral or bacterial DNA motifs. How HBV can deregulate B cell functions remains unknown. In this study, we show that HBV can enter and decrease TLR9 expression in human primary B cells. Using PBMCs from human blood donors, we show that TLR9 expression was reduced in all peripheral B cells subsets exposed to HBV. B cell function mediated by TLR9, but not TLR7, such as proliferation and proinflammatory cytokines secretion, were abrogated in the presence of HBV; however, global Ig secretion was not downregulated. Mechanistically, we show, using human myeloma B cell line RPMI 8226, that the surface Ag hepatitis B surface Ag was responsible for TLR9 dysfunction. hepatitis B surface Ag suppressed the phosphorylation and thus the activation of the transcription factor CREB, preventing TLR9 promoter activity. Finally, we corroborated our in vitro findings in a cohort of chronic HBV carriers and found that TLR9 expression and function were significantly suppressed. The effect of HBV on TLR9 activity in B cells gives insights into oncoviral immune escape strategies, providing knowledge to develop novel immunotherapeutic approaches in chronic HBV–carrier patients.
- Published
- 2017
20. Characterization of the Inflammasome in Human Kupffer Cells in Response to Synthetic Agonists and Pathogens
- Author
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Thomas F. Schulz, Souphalone Luangsay, Thomas Henry, François Briat, Alexandra Traverse-Glehen, Michelle Ainouze, Maud Michelet, Issam Tout, Uzma Hasan, Claudia Zannetti, Marie Marotel, David Durantel, Omran Alatiff, Guillaume Roblot, Thierry Walzer, Semra Kati, Michel Rivoire, Suzanne Faure-Dupuy, Nathalie Isorce, Emily Charrier, Réponse immunitaire innée dans les maladies infectieuses et auto-immunes – Innate immunity in infectious and autoimmune diseases, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute of Virology [Hannover], Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), BioInformatique et BioStatistiques (BIBS), Inflammasome, Infections bactériennes et autoinflammation, Inflammasome, Bacterial Infections and Autoinflammation (I2BA), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Hepatitis B virus ,Inflammasomes ,Kupffer Cells ,Cells ,Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 ,Immunology ,Interleukin-1beta ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Biology ,Lymphocyte Activation ,DNA-binding protein ,Hepatitis ,Time ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,03 medical and health sciences ,AIM2 ,Hepatitis B, Chronic ,Immunity ,Germany ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Interleukin 8 ,Melanoma ,Cells, Cultured ,Innate immune system ,Macrophages ,Interleukin-8 ,Interleukin-18 ,Proteins ,Inflammasome ,Hepatitis B ,Immunity, Innate ,virology ,3. Good health ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Killer Cells, Natural ,030104 developmental biology ,Liver ,Viruses ,Cytokines ,agonists ,Interleukin 18 ,France ,Infection ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The liver is the largest gland in the human body and functions as an innate immune organ. Liver macrophages called Kupffer cells (KC) constitute the largest group of macrophages in the human body. Innate immune responses involving KC represent the first line of defense against pathogens in the liver. Human monocyte-derived macrophages have been used to characterize inflammasome responses that lead to the release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, but it has not yet been determined whether human KC contain functional inflammasomes. We show, to our knowledge for the first time, that KC express genes and proteins that make up several different inflammasome complexes. Moreover, activation of KC in response to the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome led to the production of IL-1β and IL-18, which activated IL-8 transcription and hepatic NK cell activity, respectively. Other inflammasome responses were also activated in response to selected bacteria and viruses. However, hepatitis B virus inhibited the AIM2 inflammasome by reducing the mRNA stability of IFN regulatory factor 7, which regulated AIM2 transcription. These data demonstrate the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in KC, suggesting that KC contain functional inflammasomes that could be important players in the innate immune response following certain infections of the liver. We think our findings could potentially aid therapeutic approaches against chronic liver diseases that activate the inflammasome.
- Published
- 2015
21. 226 ‘Off-the-shelf’ CD19-CAR-T cells generated from umbilical cord blood display superior anti-tumor fitness and lower pro-inflammatory activity as compared to peripheral blood-derived engineered T cells
- Author
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Mohammed Toufiq, Damien Chaussabel, Suruchi Mohan, Cristina Maccalli, Asma Al Sulaiti, Chiara Bonini, Monica Casucci, Chiara Cugno, Sara Deola, Mohammed El Anbari, Shana Jacob, Saroja Kotegar Balayya, Salim Bougarn, Evonne Chin-Smith, Alex Issam Tout, Neha Gopinath, and Damilola Olagunju
- Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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