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1. A method for simulating interfacial mass transfer on arbitrary meshes

Author

Giustini, G., Issa, R. I., and Bluck, M. J.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

This paper presents a method for modelling interfacial mass transfer in Interface Capturing simulations of two-phase flow with phase change. The model enables mechanistic prediction of the local rate of phase change at the vapour-liquid interface on arbitrary computational meshes and is applicable to realistic cases involving two-phase mixtures with large density ratios. The simulation methodology is based on the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) representation of the flow, whereby an interfacial region in which mass transfer occurs is implicitly identified by a phase indicator, in this case the volume fraction of liquid, which varies from the value pertaining to the "bulk" liquid to the value of the bulk vapour. The novel methodology proposed here has been implemented using the Finite Volume framework and solution methods typical of "industrial" CFD practice. The proposed methodology for capturing mass transfer is applicable to arbitrary meshes without the need to introduce elaborate but artificial smearing of the mass transfer term as is often done in other techniques. The method has been validated via comparison with analytical solutions for planar interface evaporation and bubble growth test cases, and against experimental observations of steam bubble growth., Comment: Preprint submitted to Journal of Computational Physics

Published
2020
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8. The impact of socio-economic deprivation on recovery following robotic assisted radical cystectomy

Author

Abou Chedid W, Nason GJ, Mahesan T, Ashton A, Tay A, Walsh AL, Roodhouse A, Uribe-Lewis S, Uribe J, Moschonas D, Issa R, Perry MJA, and Patil K

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Background: Despite enhanced recovery programmes, length of stay is variable following robotic assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). The aim of this study was to assess the impact socioeconomic deprivation on recovery following RARC. Methods: The prospectively maintained RARC databases at two tertiary referral hospitals were reviewed from 2015 to 2017. Demographic, histological, and outcome data including length of stay (LOS), operation time and blood loss were recorded. The Index of Multiple Deprivation, was chosen as a deprivation index as this is used by the UK government to direct funding and resources to regions, towns and postal codes by assessing a number of indicators. Results: During the study period, 340 consecutive patients underwent RARC. Deprivation deciles were significantly higher in site 1 patients (7.9 in site 1 vs 6.6 in site 2, p 0.001) with a reduced mean blood loss volume (252 and 484 mL, p Conclusion: Recovery following RARC was independent of socioeconomic status when comparing two hospitals with diverse catchment areas in the UK.

Published
2022

10. Analyse multicentrique des coûts de la cystectomie radicale robot-assistée en Europe : une comparaison inter-pays

Author

Mjaess, G., primary, Diamand, R., additional, Assenmacher, G., additional, Assenmacher, C., additional, Verhoest, G., additional, Holz, S., additional, Naudin, M., additional, Ploussard, G., additional, Mari, A., additional, Issa, R., additional, Roumiguié, M., additional, Kelly, J., additional, Hendricksen, K., additional, Sanchez-salas, R., additional, Quackels, T., additional, Peltier, A., additional, Pradere, B., additional, Moschini, M., additional, Roumeguère, T., additional, and Albisinni, S., additional

Published
2022
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17. Prevalence of intestinal helminths and their effects on anthropometric, haematological and metabolic parameters among patients of two teaching hospitals in NDjamena (Chad)

Author

Fombotioh Ndifor, M M Ali, S Kemba, M A Hamit, Issa R. A, Jacques Nack, and C. F. Bilong Bilong

Subjects
Hymenolepis nana, Abdominal pain, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Trichuris, business.industry, 030231 tropical medicine, biology.organism_classification, Hymenolepis diminuta, Strongyloides stercoralis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Helminths, 030212 general & internal medicine, Enterobius, medicine.symptom, Ascaris lumbricoides, business
Abstract

This study was to determine intestinal helminths and their effects on anthropometric, hematological and metabolic parameters among patients in two teaching hospitals in the region of N’Djamena (Chad). Patients consisting of 300 adults at the gastroenterology service of the National Reference Teaching Hospital (NRTH) and 112 children at the pediatric ward in Mother and Child Teaching Hospital (MCTH). Their ages ranged from 3 months to 75 years. This study was conducted from July to September, 2017. Stool samples were collected from all patients and examined using the following techniques: Kato Katz, direct method and Willis floatation. Blood samples were collected to determine haemoglobin, eosinophil and leucocytes. From a total of 412 subjects, 87 (21.11%) had gastrointestinal helminth infections. Ten parasitic species were found: Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Teania saginata Trichuris trichura, Ankylostoma duodenale, Schistosoma mansoni, Hymenolepis diminuta , Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Teania solium. Hymenolepis nana and Ascaris lumbricoides were isolated from almost all the age groups. Parasitic infections were higher in children (49.10%) while in adults 10.67%. Patients infected by helminth species presented a lower average of haemoglobin level (8.62±1.043). The most frequent symptoms found were diarrhoea (5.33%) and abdominal pain (5.58%). Key words: Gastro-intestinal Helminths, sex and age, prevalence, anthropometric parameters.

Published
2020

18. Who is at risk of death from nephrectomy? An analysis of thirty‐day mortality after 21 380 nephrectomies in 3 years of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) National Nephrectomy Audit

Author

Fernando, Archie, Fowler, Sarah, Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, OʼBrien, Tim, Abbasi, Z., Adamson, A. S., Addla, S. K., Adeyoju, A. A., Adshead, J. M., Afzal, N., Aho, T. F., Akhtar, M., Al‐Akraa, M., Al‐Sudani, M., Alam, A., Allan, J., Almond, D. J., Anderson, C. J., Andrews, S. J., Apakama, I., Armitage, T., Armitage, J., Awsare, N., Ayres, B., Banerjee, G. K., Barber, N. J., Barua, J. M., Basu, S., Bdesha, A. S., Beacock, C. J. M., Beatty, J., O Beck, R., Belal, M., Bell, C. R. W., Bhanot, S. M., Bhatt, R., Bhatti, A., Biyani, C. S., Blacker, A. J., Blades, R. A., Blake, C., Blake‐James, B., Boddy, J., Bromage, S. J., Bromwich, E., Brown, C., Browning, A. J., Bryan, N. P., Burgess, N. A., Burns‐Cox, N., Butterworth, P. C., Bycroft, J., Calleary, J. G., Calvert, R. C., Campbell, I., Campbell, C. A., Cannon, A., Carter, P. G., Carter, C. J. M., Cartledge, J. J., Casey, R., Chakravarti, A., Challacombe, B., Chandrasekharan, S., Chappell, B. G., Chaudry, A., Chen, T. F., Cherian, J., Choi, W. H., Chow, K., Clavijo Eisele, J., Cliff, A. M., Cohen, N. P., Cole, O. J., Collins, J., Connolly, S., Cooke, P. W., Cooksey, G., Cornaby, A. J., Cornford, P. A., Corr, J. G., Coulthard, R., Cranston, D. W., Cresswell, J., Crundwell, M. C., Cutinha, P. E., Cynk, M., Daruwala, P. D., Dasgupta, P., Datta, S. N., Davenport, K., de Bolla, A. R., Devarajan, R., Dickerson, D. A. G., Dickinson, A. J., Doherty, A. P., Donaldson, P. J., Dudderidge, T., Dyer, J., Eaton, J., Eddy, B., Eden, C. G., Elsaghir, M., Evans, S. D., Fiala, R., Fordham, M. V. P., Foster, M. C., French, A. J., Frymann, R. J., Gall, Z. J., Gallegos, C. R. R., Gana, H. B. Y., Garnett, S., Ghei, M., Gibbons, N., Gilbert, H. W., Gillatt, D. A., Glackin, A., Godbole, H. C., Golash, A., Goodman, C. M., Gowardhan, B., Green, J. S. A., Griffiths, T. R. L., Gujral, S., Gunendran, T., Hagan, C. M., Haldar, N., Hanbury, D. C., Harney, J., Hasan, S. T., Hawkyard, S. J., Hayes, M. C., Haynes, M. D., Henderson, A., Hicks, J. A., Hindley, R. G., Hodgson, D. J., Hotston, M., Howell, G. P., Hrouda, D., Hughes, O. D. M., Hunter‐Campbell, P., Ilie, C., Issa, R., Jain, S., Jain, A., Janjua, K. S., Javle, P., Johnson, P., Johnson, M. I., Jones, A., Joshi, H., Joyce, A. D., Kanaga‐Sundaram, S., Karim, O. M. A., Keeley, F. X., Kelkar, A., Kelleher, J. P., Khan, A., Khattak, A. Q., Khoubehi, B., Kimuli, M., Kirollos, M. M., Kockelbergh, R. C., Kooiman, G., Koupparis, A., Kumar, P., Kynaston, H. G., Laniado, M. E., Larner, T., Latif, Z., Lau, M. W., le Roux, P. J., Leung, S., Leveckis, J., Lewis, G., Liston, T. G., Lockyer, C. R. W., Lodge, R. N., Luscombe, C. J., Lynch, M., Lynch, C., Lynn, N. N. K., MacDermott, J. P., Mackie, S., Madaan, S., Maddineni, S.B., Maheshkumar, P., Makar, A. A., Makunde, J. T., Manikandan, R., Mann, G. S., Mantle, M., Mark, I. R., Matanhelia, S. S., McCabe, J., McClinton, S., McFarlane, J. P., McInerney, P. D., McIntyre, I. G., McLarty, E., McLornan, M. E., McLoughlin, J., McNeill, S. A., Mehta, S., Mellon, J. K., Menezes, P., Mills, R. D., Mokete, M., Montague, R., Morton, A. L., Motiwala, H. G., Mulholland, C. K., Mumtaz, F. H., Munro, N., Myatt, A., Nair, M., Namasivayam, S., Napier‐Hemy, R. D., Nathan, S., Neilson, D., Nicol, D. L., Nuttall, M., OʼBrien, T. S., OʼKane, H. F., OʼRiordan, A., Oades, G., Oakley, N., Okeke, A. A., Olsburgh, J., Paez, E., Page, T., Parkin, J., Parys, B. T., Patel, P., Patel, N., Patel, B., Pathak, S., Patil, K., Paul, A. B., Payne, D., Peracha, A. M., Peters, J. L., Phillips, S. M. A., Phillips, J. T., Phipps, S., Pillai, M. K., Potter, J. M., Prescott, S., Rajan, T. N., Rajjayabun, P., Ramani, V. A. C., Rane, A., Ravi, R., Ravichandran, S., Riddick, A. C. P., Rimington, P. D., Rix, G. H., Rix, D., Robinson, L. Q., Rochester, M., Rogawski, K. M., Rogers, A. G., Rowe, E., Sahadevan, K., Samsudin, A., Sandhu, S., Sangar, V. K., Sells, H., Shackley, D. C., Shah, Z., Shaikh, N. N. A., Sharma, H., Sherwood, B., Singh, S., Singh, G., Smith, D. J., Solomon, L., Soomro, N. A., Srinivasan, V., Sriprasad, S. I., Stephenson, R. N., Stewart, A., Stubington, S. R., Subramonian, K., Sullivan, M. E., Taneja, S., Thilagarajah, R., Thomas, S. A., Thomas, D. J., Thomas, B., Thompson, A. C., Thurston, A.V., Turner, K. J., Umez‐Eronini, O. N., Upsdell, S. M., Vale, J. A., Varadaraj, H., Vesey, S. G., Viney, R., Vohra, A. K., Walton, T., Warburton, H. E., Waymont, B., Webster, J. J., Webster, G. M., Wedderburn, A., Wemyss‐Holden, G. D., Weston, R., Whittlestone, T., Wilkinson, S., Wilkinson, B., Williams, S., Wills, M. I., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, I. D., Woodhouse, C. R. J., Wright, M., Yates, D. R., and Young, J. G.

Published
2017
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28. The Effect of Posture on Retinal Venous Pressure

Author

Issa Rasheed Fetian, Franz Fankhauser, Michael Bärtschi, Fabio Valeri, Maneli Mozaffarieh, Hans Bebie, and Josef Flammer

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the impact of posture on retinal venous pressure (RVP) in a diverse cohort. The research delves into determining the percentage distribution of normal and increased RVP among healthy volunteers across various positions. Additionally, it sought to quantify the range of RVP in patients with known ocular pathology compared to healthy individuals in different postures. Utilizing an Ophthalmo-Dynamometer, a comparative analysis was conducted on RVP in both healthy volunteers and patients with ocular pathology. Prior to participation, the subjects provided informed consent. Notably, a significant absence of empirical data on the influence of postural changes on RVP currently exists, underlining the novelty of this investigation. The findings of this study hold potential implications for comprehending retinal blood flow dynamics. The insights gained could significantly contribute to the understanding of glaucoma pathogenesis, thereby shedding light on the critical aspects of ocular health. PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE Peer reviewers: PD Dr Karl-Georg Schmidt, Augenzentrum Höfe, Freienbach, Switzerlan One anonymous peer reviewers Received: February 15, 2024; Accepted after peer review: March 28, 2024

Published
2024
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32. Hydrophobicity modulated antibacterial small molecule eradicates biofilm with potent efficacy against skin-infections

Author

Konai, M.M., Barman, S., Issa, R., MacNeil, S., Adhikary, U., De, K., Monk, P.N., and Haldar, J.

Abstract

The role of molecular arrangement of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups for designing membrane-active molecules remains largely ambiguous. To explore this aspect, herein we report a series of membrane-active small molecules by varying the spatial distribution of hydrophobic groups. The two terminal amino groups of linear triamines such as diethylene triamine, bis(trimethylene)triamine and bis(hexamethylene)triamine were conjugated with cationic amino acids bearing variable side chain hydrophobicity (such as diaminobutyric acid, ornithine and lysine). The hydrophobicity was also modulated through conjugation of different long chain fatty acids with the central secondary amino group of the triamine. Molecules with constant backbone hydrophobicity displayed an enhanced antibacterial activity and decreased hemolytic activity upon increasing the side chain hydrophobicity of amino acids. On the other hand, increased hydrophobicity in the backbone introduced a slight hemolytic activity but a higher increment in antibacterial activity resulting in better selective antibacterial compounds. The optimized lead compound derived from structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies was the dodecanoyl analogue of lysine series of compounds consisting of bis(hexamethylene)triamine as the backbone. This compound was active against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at a low concentration (MIC ranged between 3.1-6.3 µg/mL) and displayed low toxicity towards mammalian cells (HC50 = 890 µg/mL and EC50 against HEK = 85 µg/mL). Additionally, it was able to kill metabolically inactive bacterial cells and eradicate preformed biofilms of MRSA. This compound showed excellent activity in a mouse model of skin-infection with reduction of ~4 log MRSA burden at 40 mg/kg dose without any sign of skin-toxicity even at 200 mg/kg. More importantly, it revealed potent efficacy in an ex-vivo model of human skin-infection (with reduction of 85% MRSA burden at 50 μg/mL), which indicates great potential of the compound as an antibacterial agent to treat skin-infections.

Published
2020

33. Sonic hedgehog is required for cardiac outflow tract and neural crest cell development

Author

Smoak, I. Washington, Byrd, N.A., Abu-Issa, R., Goddeeris, M.M., Anderson, R., Morris, J., Yamamura, K., Klingensmith, J., and Meyers, E.N.

Subjects
Developmental biology -- Research, Pulmonary artery -- Atresia, Tetralogy of Fallot, Neural crest, Heart, Congenital heart disease, Cells, Biological sciences
Abstract

The Hedgehog signaling pathway is critical for a significant number of developmental patterning events. In this study, we focus on the defects in pharyngeal arch and cardiovascular patterning present in Sonic hedgehog (Shh) null mouse embryos. Our data indicate that, in the absence of Shh, there is general failure of the pharyngeal arch development leading to cardiac and craniofacial defects. The cardiac phenotype results from arch artery and outflow tract patterning defects, as well as abnormal development of migratory neural crest cells (NCCs). The constellation of cardiovascular detects resembles a severe form of the human birth detect syndrome tetralogy of Fallot with complete pulmonary artery atresia. Previous studies have demonstrated a rule for Shh in NCC survival and proliferation at later stages of development. Our data suggest that SHH signaling dues not act directly on NCCs as a survival factor, but rather acts to restrict the domains that NCCs can populate during early stages (c8.5 10.5) of cardiovascular and craniofacial development. Keywords: Cardiac; Neural crest; Migration; Pulmonary atresia; Tetralogy of Fallot; Outflow tract; Septation; Anterior heart field; Bmp4; Repulsion

Published
2005

43. Assessment of parent knowledge and perception towards the importance of child immunization in Sudair region, Saudi Arabia.

Author

ABDALLA, S. M., AHMAD, M. S., SALEEM AL-BARADIE, N. R., MOHAMMED ALSHUWAISH, L. A., AHMAD AL-ISSA, R. A., and SUWAYLIH ALRASHIDI, S. N.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: According to WHO, global coverage of immunization was 86% in 2019, which dropped to 83% in 2020. The objective of this study is to assess parental knowledge and identify their perception towards the importance of child immunization. This study has also tried to determine the possible influencing factors for parental decision-making towards child immunization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A community- based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 in Sudair region of Saudi Arabia. The study was done among parents residing in Sudair region, where the sample was randomly selected based on the household. The sample of 436 was taken using the population proportion formula. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Both the descriptive and inferential statistics were used to draw the results. RESULTS: In this study the three-fourth (77.1%) of respondents were female and the remaining were male (23%). The majority of the respondent’s knowledge was reported to have some form of influence on their idea of immunization followed by Ministry of Health, family members, medical staff, social media and others. A significant association was seen between age, marital status, occupational status and parents’ knowledge on the importance of immunization (thinking if all child immunization was important). Association was also seen between parents’ perception that immunization causes serious side effects and the age of the respondents. CONCLUSIONS: The specific programs and bcc materials are needed to enhance the knowledge and perception of individuals regarding the need for complete immunization and also regarding the fact of vaccine-preventable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

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