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The similarities and differences that exist between the Jews in Turkey and Israel are discussed. The article further assesses the adjustments made by the respective communities in their respective countries and their integration as minorities into a Muslim-majority country.

In this article the acculturation of immigrant youth from the former Soviet Union to Germany and Israel and the adjustment of adolescents over a period of three years that was studied are presented. It is felt that European nation-states are increasingly heterogeneous entities having massive waves of immigration changing significantly the culture, population composition and ethnic structure of many countries.

Various methods regarding the shaping of social identity among immigrants and the effect of that identity on behavior that is delinquent that was studied. Results showed that the assimilation strategy of identity changes increased the likelihood of delinquent behavior.

A study examines the ways in which Russian immigrants address issues of identity, ethnic relations and urban politics in the Jewish-Arab 'mixed' city of Lod in Israel. They do so in terms of ideology and norms on nationalism, civil rights and relations between minority and majority groups as known in their homeland.

The factors and role of Israel's point of view on the issues of Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union and their reactions to the Jackson-Vanik amendment is presented.

Introduction: Citizenship and International Migration As there are various forms and types of international migration, there is a corresponding variety of statuses of immigrants and hence citizenships. (1) For instance, [...]

A study conducted gives an historical account of Jewish migration from Turkey to Israel and examines the specificity of the movement in terms of size, scope, group characteristics of the immigrants and push/pull factors that motivate migration. The legislative and administrative measures taken by both countries in handling the movement of thousands from one to another is also taken into account.

This paper deals with the potential and actual impacts of the 1990s immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) on the state of multiculturalism, peace orientation and civil society in [...]

INTRODUCTION DURING THE EARLY 1990S, ISRAEL experienced a massive influx of immigration from the former Soviet Union, now amounting to approximately one-sixth of the Jewish population in Israel. This immigration […]

IN RECENT DECADES MUCH HISTORICAL research has been published on the core role of public health in the formulation of various social practices. Additional research highlights the ongoing process of […]

Russian immigrants in different host countries are prone to ethno-linguistic retention, which in Israel was augmented by their advanced age structure. The issue of the dominant language (Hebrew versus Russian) is very central to the local discourse on ethnicity and immigrant integration. As a by-product of ethnic mobilization during the 1990s, a rather autonomous Russian community has emerged in Israel--with its own labour market, consumer services, media and social networks. Drawing on the survey in a representative national sample of 804 post-1989 immigrants, this article highlights the key role of host language acquisition as a pathway to economic success and social integration. The improvement of Hebrew skills with increasing tenure in Israel was mainly found among young and middle-aged respondents, while older ones did not report positive change over time. Younger and upwardly mobile immigrants showed a tendency towards additive bilingualism, incorporating the elements of Hebrew into their everyday communications and cultural/media consumption. Mastering and using Hebrew serves as a trigger for reshaping immigrants' identity, resulting in the gradual formation of a new ethnic entity--Russian Israeli. Keywords: Russian immigrants; ethnic identity; language acquisition.

Abstract About 82,000 Soviet-trained engineers and technologists arrived in Israel during the 1990s, joining some 30,000 of their local colleagues and creating dramatic over-supply of engineering cadres on the small [...]

Studies on immigrants' residential concentration have reported mixed findings. Some have argued that immigrants' residential concentration is a necessary step in the process of their social integration because there the newcomers find housing and employment opportunities as well as social support. As they learn the language and improve their socioeconomic status, they move to neighborhoods where they share space with the native population. Others have argued that the ethnic neighborhood delays the process of social integration in the new society because it nurtures informal ethnic social networks that provide incomplete information and retard the process of language acquisition. The study reported here investigated the effect of motivations, perceptions of attitudes of the host society, acculturation and socioeconomic factors on immigrants' residential concentration. It also sought to expand previous research by examining the relationship between immigrants' residential concentration and social relationships with nonimmigrants. Data for the study were collected in 1999 through a survey of immigrants from the FSU who had settled in one northern city in Israel after 1989. The results show a negative relationship of socioeconomic status and fluency in Hebrew with the percentage of immigrants residing in a given neighborhood. The higher the socioeconomic status and the more fluent the immigrant in Hebrew, the lower the percentage of immigrants in his or her neighborhood. Immigrants who expressed a proactive motivation for migration resided in neighborhoods with a low percentage of immigrants. Immigrants' residential concentration was not found to be related to the development of social relationships with the local population. The implications of the findings are discussed., Gustavo S. Mesch (1) Studies have shown that at the beginning of immigration there is a tendency towards residential concentration of immigrants in low-income inner city areas. Residence in neighborhoods [...]

Abstract Drawing on integrated analysis of Israeli statistics and social research (including a 2001 survey among 800 Russian Israelis), this article explores the birth of a transnational community of Russian [...]

The way in which Israel's political-administrative systems influence the absorption of immigrant children into the education system are analyzed. Ethiopians regard education as the most important key in integration into Israel's modernity.

The concept of cumulative adversity is a useful tool in the study of migration under chronic stress from past traumas. Drawing on this concept, the study explored long-term health and psychosocial effects of past radiation exposure among survivors of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster who immigrated to Israel during the 1990s. Self-rated health status and indicators of social adjustment were compared in two groups of Russian immigrants: 180 persons from Chernobyl-affected areas and 200 immigrants from other areas of the former USSR. The semi-structured questionnaire was administered by Russian-speaking sociology students and analyzed by both quantitative and qualitative methods. In line with earlier research, both the somatic and mental health of Chernobyl survivors were significantly worse than in other immigrants of the same gender and age; a significant share of reported health problems were probably psychosomatic. Depression, sense of stigma and cancer-related anxiety were more prevalent in the study group. Immigrants from contaminated areas tended to use more health services (both conventional and alternative), but were less satisfied with their quality and providers' attitude. The link between perceived health impairment and poorer social accommodation in the host country has been confirmed: Chernobyl-area immigrants experienced more severe occupational downgrading and were more disappointed with the results of their resettlement than other immigrants. Keywords: Israel; Chernobyl; Radiation exposure; Russian immigrants; Cumulative adversity

This study aimed to connect between work on the impact on the self as a consequence of the immigration process and theories of gender. It was based on semistructured interviews with 12 English-speaking immigrants to Israel. The data were analyzed using grounded theory (A. Strauss & J. Corbin, 1990, 1994) to examine the difficulties that the immigrants felt when leaving and since being in Israel, their methods of coping and their views of what constitutes a 'successful immigration.' Two major patterns were identified, each of which rested on a different self 'need' that appeared to have been affected by the immigration process: (1) the need to feel competent and (2) the need to feel a sense of belonging. Although most of the interviewees talked of both needs being damaged or affected to some extent, there was a strong tendency for the women respondents to place 'belonging' needs in the foreground of their accounts and for men to place 'competence' needs in theirs. Such results can be understood in the context of feminist theories of self that distinguish between women's sense of self built 'in relation' through connection to others, and men's sense of self, built around the concept of 'separation.' KEY WORDS: immigration; gender; adaptation; coping.

The study investigated the role of immigration status on self-rated health, general health, and well-being among elderly persons by comparing two groups of elderly persons who immigrated from Eastern European countries to Israel--veterans and new immigrants. It also examined the factors that explain self-rated health in both groups. Data for this study (n = 784) were taken from a study based on structured home interviews of a random sample of Israeli Jewish elderly (70+) conducted in 1994. The results show that the new immigrants are younger and have higher education than the veterans, but their economic status is lower and they have a lower percentage of men and married persons. The new immigrants also rank themselves lower than the veterans on a variety of measures of health and psycho-social well-being. It is suggested that the stress caused by immigration and factors related to the standard of living and health services in the countries of origin outweigh the relative advantage that the new immigrants have, in terms of age and education, in influencing their health and well-being. Self-rated health among the new immigrants is explained mainly by objective measures of health, economic status and a feeling of control over life, while among the veterans it is explained by these variables as well as by other psycho-social variables such as self-esteem and social support. These findings suggest careful analyses of subjective evaluations of health in different socio-cultural subgroups in society for theoretical reasons and for purposes of planning interventions directed to promote health and psycho-social well-being of elderly persons on the community level.

Abstract This article addresses the transnational and diaspora orientations of Ukrainian Jewish youth at home, as articulated in discourse and practice. It suggests that young Ukrainian Jews locate their everyday [...]

In Russia, everyone called me Jewish. But now that I'm in Israel, people say I'm Russian. It's painful (2). Fast jede Art von Gemeinsamkeit und Gegensaetzlichkeit des Habitus und der [...]

Immigrants to Israel are quickly taught to assimilate through Hebrew language classes and other active training. A study of Russian immigrants at a state-run Hebrew language school shows the pressures that come to bear on immigrants to become 'real' Israelis.

Abstract The 1985-95 statistical data for Israel and Japan are used to test the assumption that inter-regional migration is a function of the relationship between employment and housing availability in [...]

This article examines the dominant images of female immigrants to Israel from the former USSR. The analysis considers the intersection between gender, class, and race in the context of the problematic status of female immigrants. Portrayals of the female immigrants are studied through a qualitative content analysis of news items in the Israeli popular press during the years 1994-1997. The results suggest that the female immigrant appears in the Israeli press primarily in two negative images: as a supplier of sexual services and as the 'other,' not one of 'us.' A third image of the 'exceptional immigrant' occasionally appears. Popular press items and the results of a preliminary phone survey of a representative sample of the Jewish population are quite consistent. The survey indicates that 65 percent of the respondents hold negative attitudes toward the immigrants, the most salient of which associates them with the sex industry.