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2. Intake and diet preference of dairy heifers grazing mixed or alternating rows of birdsfoot trefoil and cool‐season grasses.

Author

Peel, Michael D., Waldron, Blair L., Briscoe, Jacob T., Rose, Marcus F., Isom, S. Clay, Thornton, Kara J., Hadfield, Jacob A., Rood, Kerry A., and Creech, J. Earl

Subjects
CATTLE nutrition, LOTUS corniculatus, SPATIAL arrangement, BROMEGRASSES, GRASSES
Abstract

Background: Mixtures with birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) increase herbage intake in grazing cattle. We hypothesized that BFT spatially separated from grasses would increase preferential grazing of BFT and herbage intake compared to grass and BFT in mixed rows. Methods: Binary mixtures of BFT were established with orchardgrass, meadow bromegrass, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass in alternating and in mixed rows. Pastures were rotationally stocked with Jersey heifers, and herbage mass, intake, and preferential grazing were estimated. Results: Planting BFT in alternating rows did not affect herbage mass, intake, or BFT preference. Regardless of spatial arrangement, pasture production averaged 4116 kg ha−1 per rotation, of which 32% was BFT. BFT comprised 39% of herbage intake in alternating and mixed rows, 7% greater (p = 0.001) than offered, indicating partial preference for BFT. Greatest preferential grazing of BFT was in tall fescue and orchardgrass mixtures, but less than commonly reported for legumes grown in more contrasting spatial arrangements with cool‐season grasses. Conclusions: Grazing heifers showed partial preference for BFT over grass. However, the lack of an effect of spatial arrangement on herbage mass, herbage intake, and diet preference indicates that spatial arrangements greater than alternating rows may be needed to increase overall herbage intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Dry matter intake and feed efficiency of heifers from 4 dairy breed types grazing organic grass and grass-birdsfoot trefoil mixed pastures

Author

Greenland, Michael S., primary, Waldron, Blair L., additional, Isom, S. Clay, additional, Fonnesbeck, Sawyer D., additional, Peel, Michael D., additional, Rood, Kerry A., additional, Thornton, Kara J., additional, Miller, Rhonda L., additional, Hadfield, Jacob A., additional, Henderson, Bracken, additional, and Creech, J. Earl, additional

Published
2023
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6. Long-Term Survivors of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases: Do Distant Brain Failures Reach a Plateau and what Factors are Associated with a Brain Metastasis Velocity of Zero?

Author

Lanier, C.M., primary, Pearce, J.B., additional, Isom, S., additional, Xing, F., additional, Lo, H.W., additional, Whitlow, C.T., additional, Ruiz, J., additional, White, J., additional, Laxton, A., additional, Tatter, S.B., additional, Cramer, C.K., additional, and Chan, M.D., additional

Published
2022
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7. Associations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) with functional trajectories in older adults with cancer and moderation effect of race: Findings from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study

Author

Loh, K.P., primary, Consagra, W., additional, Magnuson, A., additional, Baran, A., additional, Gilmore, N., additional, Giri, S., additional, Isom, S., additional, Sohn, M., additional, Grant, W., additional, Houston, D., additional, Nicklas, B., additional, Kritchevsky, S., additional, and Klepin, H., additional

Published
2022
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9. Pasture Management to Improve Dry Matter Intake

Author

Rose, Marcus F., Creech, Earl, Waldron, Blair L., Isom, S. Clay, Peel, Michael, Thornton-Kurth, Kara, Hadfield, Jacob, Rood, Kerry A., and Utah State University Extension

Subjects
pasture management, dry matter intake, Animal Sciences, food and beverages, forage, grazing, Agriculture, livestock production, Agricultural Science
Abstract

Agricultural producers are constantly looking for ways to maximize returns while reducing input costs. On dairy operations, a move from confinement feeding to pasture grazing offers the potential to reduce costs associated with harvest and storage of feed. In such a transition, producers sometimes report a decline in milk production and growth of livestock—both of which can strongly correlate to dry matter intake. Fortunately, dry matter intake is something that can be influenced by management practices. In this publication, we discuss the pasture management practices to improve dry matter intake.

Published
2020

14. Laser-Interstitial Thermal Therapy as a Novel and Effective Treatment in Radiation Necrosis Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery to the Brain

Author

Lanier, C.M., primary, LeCompte, M.C., additional, Glenn, C., additional, Hughes, R.T., additional, Isom, S., additional, Jenkins, W., additional, Cramer, C.K., additional, Xing, F., additional, Lo, H.W., additional, O'Neill, S.S., additional, Ruiz, J., additional, Watabe, K., additional, Chan, M.D., additional, Tatter, S.B., additional, and Laxton, A., additional

Published
2019
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17. Association between fear of hypoglycemia and physical activity in youth with type 1 diabetes: The SEARCH for diabetes in youth study.

Author

Roberts, AJ, Taplin, CE, Isom, S, Divers, J, Saydah, S, Jensen, ET, Mayer‐Davis, EJ, Reid, LA, Liese, AD, Dolan, LM, Dabelea, D, Lawrence, JM, and Pihoker, C

Subjects
BLOOD sugar monitoring, PEOPLE with diabetes, FEAR, HEALTH services accessibility, HYPOGLYCEMIA, TYPE 1 diabetes, MULTIVARIATE analysis, REGRESSION analysis, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, CROSS-sectional method, PHYSICAL activity, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

Background: Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are encouraged to participate in physical activity (PA). Studies have identified fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) as a barrier to participating in PA. Objectives: To examine (a) PA patterns in youth with T1D by age group and (b) the relationship between both parental and youth FOH and youth PA. Methods: A cross‐sectional analysis from the SEARCH cohort study visit of youth ages 10 to 17 years with T1D (n = 1129) was conducted. Linear regression models estimated the association between self‐reported number of days of vigorous PA (VPA) and moderate PA (MPA) and both youth‐ and parent‐reported FOH. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, race, duration of T1D, HbA1c, use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), recent severe hypoglycemia, primary insulin regimen, and BMI. Results: Participants were 52% female, had mean (sd) age 14.4 (4.2) years, diabetes duration 7.5 years (1.8), HbA1c 9.2% (1.7). Older youth were less likely to engage in VPA (P <.01), or sports teams (P <.01), but more likely to engage in MPA (P <.01). Higher youth FOH (behavior subscale) was associated with increased levels of VPA (β (se) 0.30 (0.11), P =.01) but not significantly associated with MPA (P =.06). There was no statistically significant association between parental FOH and youth PA. Conclusions: In SEARCH participants with T1D, VPA, and team sports participation declined with age, while MPA increased. We observed that higher scores on the youth FOH behavioral subscale were associated with increased VPA levels, suggesting that FOH may be less of a barrier to PA than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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18. TRAIT (Treatment-Related Alterations in Thinking): A Prospective Longitudinal Study Assessing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Irradiated Brain Tumor Patients

Author

Cramer, C.K., primary, Wheless, W.H., additional, McTyre, E., additional, Isom, S., additional, Hinson, W., additional, Rapp, S.R., additional, Case, L.D., additional, Cummings, T.L., additional, Lesser, G.J., additional, Chan, M.D., additional, Shaw, E.G., additional, Whitlow, C.T., additional, and Peiffer, A.M., additional

Published
2018
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24. Effects of heat stress on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in growing pigs

Author

Sanz Fernandez, M. Victoria, Johnson, Jay S., Abuajamieh, Mohannad, Stoakes, Sara K., Seibert, Jacob T., Cox, Lindsay, Kahl, Stanislaw, Elsasser, Theodore H., Ross, Jason W., Isom, S. Clay, Rhoads, Robert P., Baumgard, Lance H., Sanz Fernandez, M. Victoria, Johnson, Jay S., Abuajamieh, Mohannad, Stoakes, Sara K., Seibert, Jacob T., Cox, Lindsay, Kahl, Stanislaw, Elsasser, Theodore H., Ross, Jason W., Isom, S. Clay, Rhoads, Robert P., and Baumgard, Lance H.

Abstract

Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes human and animal health and reduces animal agriculture productivity; however, its pathophysiology is not well understood. Study objectives were to evaluate the direct effects of HS on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Female pigs (57 ± 5 kg body weight) were subjected to two experimental periods. During period 1, all pigs remained in thermoneutral conditions (TN; 20°C) and were ad libitum fed. During period 2, pigs were exposed to: (1) constant HS conditions (32°C) and fed ad libitum (n = 7), or (2) TN conditions and pair-fed (PFTN; n = 10) to minimize the confounding effects of dissimilar feed intake. All pigs received an intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) and an epinephrine challenge (EC) in period 1, and during the early and late phases of period 2. After 8 days of environmental exposure, all pigs were killed and tissue samples were collected. Despite a similar reduction in feed intake (39%), HS pigs tended to have decreased circulating nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA; 20%) and a blunted NEFA response (71%) to the EC compared to PFTN pigs. During early exposure, HS increased basal circulating C-peptide (55%) and decreased the insulinogenic index (45%) in response to the GTT. Heat-stressed pigs had a reduced T3 to T4 ratio (56%) and hepatic 5'-deiodinase activity (58%). After 8 days, HS decreased or tended to decrease the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation in liver and skeletal muscle, and ATGL in adipose tissue. In summary, HS markedly alters both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism independently of nutrient intake.

Published
2015
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25. Effects of heat stress on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in growing pigs

Author

Animal and Poultry Sciences, Sanz Fernandez, M. Victoria, Johnson, Jay S., Abuajamieh, Mohannad, Stoakes, Sara K., Seibert, Jacob T., Cox, Lindsay, Kahl, Stanislaw, Elsasser, Theodore H., Ross, Jason W., Isom, S. Clay, Rhoads, Robert P., Baumgard, Lance H., Animal and Poultry Sciences, Sanz Fernandez, M. Victoria, Johnson, Jay S., Abuajamieh, Mohannad, Stoakes, Sara K., Seibert, Jacob T., Cox, Lindsay, Kahl, Stanislaw, Elsasser, Theodore H., Ross, Jason W., Isom, S. Clay, Rhoads, Robert P., and Baumgard, Lance H.

Abstract

Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes human and animal health and reduces animal agriculture productivity; however, its pathophysiology is not well understood. Study objectives were to evaluate the direct effects of HS on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Female pigs (57 ± 5 kg body weight) were subjected to two experimental periods. During period 1, all pigs remained in thermoneutral conditions (TN; 20°C) and were ad libitum fed. During period 2, pigs were exposed to: (1) constant HS conditions (32°C) and fed ad libitum (n = 7), or (2) TN conditions and pair-fed (PFTN; n = 10) to minimize the confounding effects of dissimilar feed intake. All pigs received an intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) and an epinephrine challenge (EC) in period 1, and during the early and late phases of period 2. After 8 days of environmental exposure, all pigs were killed and tissue samples were collected. Despite a similar reduction in feed intake (39%), HS pigs tended to have decreased circulating nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA; 20%) and a blunted NEFA response (71%) to the EC compared to PFTN pigs. During early exposure, HS increased basal circulating C-peptide (55%) and decreased the insulinogenic index (45%) in response to the GTT. Heat-stressed pigs had a reduced T3 to T4 ratio (56%) and hepatic 5'-deiodinase activity (58%). After 8 days, HS decreased or tended to decrease the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation in liver and skeletal muscle, and ATGL in adipose tissue. In summary, HS markedly alters both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism independently of nutrient intake.

Published
2015

26. Correlates of Mental Health Among Latino Farmworkers in North Carolina

Author

Crain, R., Grzywacz, J.G., Swantes, Melody, Isom, S., Quandt, S.A., and Arcury, T.A.

Subjects
farmworker, social determinants of health, mental health, health disparities
Abstract

Purpose: Latino farmworkers are a vulnerable population who confront multiple threats to their mental health. Informed by the stress-process model of psychiatric disorder, the goal of this paper is to determine primary and context-specific stressors of poor mental health among Latino farmworkers.Methods: Structured interview data were obtained from farmworkers (N = 69) in 6 counties in eastern and western North Carolina.Findings: Results indicated that a substantial number of farmworkers have poor mental health, as indicated by elevated depressive symptoms (52.2%) and anxiety (16.4%). Results also indicated that each mental health outcome had different predictors.Conclusion: Addressing the mental health issues of farmworkers requires a comprehensive, multifaceted approach. Abstract Purpose: Latino farmworkers are a vulnerable population who confront multiple threats to their mental health. Informed by the stress-process model of psychiatric disorder, the goal of this paper is to determine primary and context-specific stressors of poor mental health among Latino farmworkers. Methods: Structured interview data were obtained from farmworkers (N = 69) in 6 counties in eastern and western North Carolina. Findings: Results indicated that a substantial number of farmworkers have poor mental health, as indicated by elevated depressive symptoms (52.2%) and anxiety (16.4%). Results also indicated that each mental health outcome had different predictors. Conclusion: Addressing the mental health issues of farmworkers requires a comprehensive, multifaceted approach.

Published
2012

29. A Competing Risks Analysis Assessing Predictors of Neurologic and Non-Neurologic Death in Patients With Brain Metastasis Initially Treated With Upfront Stereotactic Radiosurgery Without Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy

Author

McTyre, E., primary, Johnson, A., additional, Ruiz, J., additional, Isom, S., additional, Lucas, J.T., additional, Hinson, W., additional, Watabe, K., additional, Laxton, A.W., additional, Tatter, S.B., additional, and Chan, M.D., additional

Published
2015
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33. Effects of heat stress on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in growing pigs

Author

Victoria Sanz Fernandez, M., primary, Johnson, Jay S., additional, Abuajamieh, Mohannad, additional, Stoakes, Sara K., additional, Seibert, Jacob T., additional, Cox, Lindsay, additional, Kahl, Stanislaw, additional, Elsasser, Theodore H., additional, Ross, Jason W., additional, Clay Isom, S., additional, Rhoads, Robert P., additional, and Baumgard, Lance H., additional

Published
2015
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