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Genetic diversity is important in tree improvement programs. To evaluate levels of genetic diversity of first generation Acacia mangium seedling seed orchard in Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia, three populations from each region of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Queensland, Australia (QLD) were selected and analyzed using 25 microsatellite markers. Statistical analysis showed that PNG populations have higher number of detected alleles and level of genetic diversity than QLD populations. This study provides a basic information about the genetic background of the populations used in the development of an A. mangium seed orchard in Indonesia.

DNA sequences of the chloroplast spacer region between the trnP and trnW genes (234 bps) were determined for two Japanese fir species, Abies firmaSieb. et Zucc. and A. homolepisSieb. et Zucc., using four individuals from each species. No intraspecific variation was found in either species, but interspecific sequence polymorphism was detected between the two species. The interspecific variation was three nucleotide changes, from the 148th to 150th nucleotide position. These three nucleotides were TAC in A. firmaand GTA in A. homolepis, which were inverted. In order to identify the cpDNA haplotypes between the two species, this inversion polymorphism was utilized to develop a new marker. Species-specific primers were designed so that the 3′ ends of the primers would anneal to the mutation site, in order for the two haplotypes to be easily identified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

DNA sequences of the chloroplast spacer region between thetrnP andtrnW genes (234 bps) were determined for two Japanese fir species,Abies firmaSieb. et Zucc. andA. homolepisSieb. et Zucc., using four individuals from each species. No intraspecific variation was found in either species, but interspecific sequence polymorphism was detected between the two species. The interspecific variation was three nucleotide changes, from the 148th to 150th nucleotide position. These three nucleotides were TAC inA. firmaand GTA inA. homolepis, which were inverted. In order to identify the cpDNA haplotypes between the two species, this inversion polymorphism was utilized to develop a new marker. Species-specific primers were designed so that the 3′ ends of the primers would anneal to the mutation site, in order for the two haplotypes to be easily identified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR).