119 results on '"Ismailism"'
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2. The Necessity and Goodness of Animals in Sijistānī's Kashf Al-Maḥjūb.
- Author
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Adamson, Peter and Amin Beidokhti, Hanif
- Subjects
- *
DIVINE providence , *ISLAMIC philosophy , *NEOPLATONISM , *PHILOSOPHERS , *METAPHYSICAL cosmology , *PHYSICAL cosmology , *SHI'AH - Abstract
The Neoplatonic notion of "emanation" implies a required progression through hierarchical stages, originating from the highest principle (the One or God) and cascading down through a series of principles. While this process is deemed necessary, it is also inherently good, even "choiceworthy", aligning with the identification of the first principle with the Good. Plotinus, a prominent Neoplatonist, emphasizes the beauty and goodness of the sensible world, governed by divine providence. This perspective, transmitted through Arabic adaptations of Plotinus, influences Islamic philosophers too. This paper delves into the thought of the Ismāʿīlī philosopher Abū Yaʿqūb al-Sijistānī (d. after. 349/971), exploring the interplay of necessity and goodness in his cosmology, with a focus on non-human animals. Sijistānī's Persian Uncovering the Veiled provides a unique perspective on animals, presenting them as both necessary unfoldings of the universal intellect and inherently good beings with intrinsic value. The paper concludes with an appendix featuring an improved edition and English translation of relevant passages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Şemseddin ed-Dameğânî ve Şiî Fırkalara Eleştirileri
- Author
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Mehmet Ümit and Şeyma Aydın
- Subjects
history of islamic sects ,shamsuddin al-damaghani ,shia ,zaydism ,ithnaashariyya ,ismailism ,i̇slâm mezhepleri tarihi ,şemseddin ed-dameğânî ,şîa ,zeydilik ,i̇snâaşeriyye ,i̇smailîlik ,Islam ,BP1-253 - Abstract
İslam tarihi boyunca fırkalara dair pek çok eser kaleme alınmıştır. Bu eserlerin önemli bir kısmında, fırka tasniflerinde, eseri kaleme alan âlimlerin mezhebî anlayışına göre farklılıklar olduğu görülmektedir. Dönemindeki mezhepleri tasnife tabi tutan müelliflerden biri olan Şemseddin ed-Dameğânî de 8./13. yüzyılda Irak’ta yaşamıştır. el-Cevheretü’l Hâlisa ani’ş-şevâib fi’l-akâidi’l-menkûme alâ cemîi’l-mezâhib adlı elimizde mevcut olan tek eserinde fırkaları kendi bakış açısıyla değerlendirmiş ve onlara birtakım eleştiriler yöneltmiştir. Ayrıca bu eleştirilerini aklî ve naklî delillerle desteklemiştir. Kendi benimsediği görüşü de ortaya koyan Dameğânî’nin bu alandaki kavramlara bakışı ve tecrübelerinin sonucunda benimsediği görüş, İslam mezhepleri tarihinde çok sık görülen bir yaklaşım değildir. Nitekim Dameğânî, İmâmiyye mezhebi üzere yetişmiştir. Ancak İslâm dünyasına yaptığı seyahatlerde İslâm mezheplerini yerinde gözlemleme fırsatı bulmuştur. Nihayetinde ise içinde yetiştiği mezhepten ayrılmış ancak başka herhangi bir mezhebe de tabi olmamıştır. Bu hususta ilmî yetkinliğe sahip kimseye de herhangi bir mezhebe tabi olmayı tavsiye etmez. Ancak böyle bir yetkinliği olmayan kişinin, tercih edebileceği ve kendisinin de tasvip ettiği bazı mezhepleri zikretmektedir. Bu makalede, Dameğânî’nin Şiî mezheplere yönelik eleştirileri kendi eserinden hareketle betimleyici bir tarzda incelenmektedir. O, Şiî mezhepleri üç ana gruba ayırarak eleştirilerini dile getirir. Bunlar Zeydiyye, İsnaâşeriyye ve İsmâiliyye’dir. İmâmiyye mezhebi üzere yetişip, bu mezhebe artık tabi olmayan bir şahsın içeriden gelmiş bir kişi olarak Şiî mezheplere yönelttiği eleştiriler dikkat çekicidir. Onun mensubu olmasa da takdirle bahsettiği Şiî grup Zeydiyye’nin zâhid olanları, Ehl-i Sünnet içerisinden de Sûfilerdir.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Şemseddin ed-Dameğânî ve Şiî Fırkalara Eleştirileri.
- Author
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AYDIN, Şeyma and ÜMİT, Mehmet
- Subjects
SHI'AH - Abstract
Copyright of Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies is the property of Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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5. Fatimid historiography and its survival : a case study of the vizierate of al-Yāzūrī (r. 442-450/1050-1058)
- Author
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Barber, Mathew Andrew, Hameen-Anttila, Jaakko, Marsham, Andrew, and Newman, Andrew
- Subjects
962 ,Historiography ,Fatimids ,Medieval ,History-writing ,Ismailism ,Mamluk historiography ,biographical writing ,annals ,chronicles ,al-Yazuri ,vizierate ,Seljuks ,Byzantines ,Sulayhids ,Cairo - Abstract
Studies of Fatimid history often take the testimony of later historians like al-Maqrīzī (d. 845/1442) for granted. This thesis will look closely at how later historians used sources and what this can teach us about Fatimid historiography, taking the vizierate of al-Yāzūrī (r. 442/1050-450/1058) as a case study. It is well known that very few works of Fatimid history survive, and this is especially the case for al-Yāz¬¬ūrī's vizierate. However, fragments of contemporary histories survive in later sources, most crucially histories written in Egypt. This thesis will argue that al-Yāzūrī's vizierate presents an ideal vantage point for the study of Fatimid historiography and for understanding its survival in later texts. During al-Yāzūrī's vizierate the Fatimid Imamate based in Cairo almost lost control of its possessions in North Africa, while it began to expand its influence into Yemen and undertook a conquest to occupy Baghdad. Al-Yāzūrī was dismissed and executed in part because of his handling of the Baghdad campaign, and (as has been asserted in studies of his vizierate) this has fundamentally shaped the historiography of his reign. The thesis will build on existing research to argue that there are at least two types of historiography for al-Yāzūrī's vizierate that survive in the later texts: biography (in the form of a biography of al-Yāzūrī) and annals. Through three case studies (the campaign to capture Baghdad, Fatimid exchange with the Byzantines, and Fatimid influence in Yemen), the thesis will explain how these two types of source differ, the agendas of their authors and the manner of their composition. It is hoped that this will serve to help scholars understand both the sources that use these histories and the histories themselves. Moreover, it is hoped that knowing more about these two source types, their agendas and the manner of their composition will provide a framework for a further critical study of al-Yāzūrī's vizierate.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The collections of the Istituto per l'Oriente 'Carlo Alfonso Nallino': A Note on Two Recently Discovered Yemeni Manuscripts.
- Author
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Bottini, Laura
- Subjects
- *
ARCHIVES , *MANUSCRIPT collections , *CATALOGS , *MANUSCRIPTS , *COLLECTIONS , *PUBLIC domain - Abstract
Ettore Rossi, a distinguished scholar of the past century, gathered a library specialised above all in the Turkish world, but also including some materials in Arabic characters. The entire Rossi holdings — private library, manuscripts collection, personal archive — are now housed in Rome, with the Institute for the Orient 'Carlo Alfonso Nallino', which acquired the bulk of these materials in 1958. A recent project for the re-inventory and physical rearrangement of the archives and book collections brought to light two Yemeni manuscripts, originally owned by Rossi, but not previously known. The current note provides brief description, opening both manuscripts to public domain and serving to supplement the catalogue, Islamic Manuscripts from the Library of the Istituto per l'Oriente Carlo Alfonso Nallino , published in 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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7. Islamic Sectarianism & Syncretism during the Reign of al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah: A Critical Edition and Study of Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani’s Ma‘asim al-huda
- Author
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Garrett, Timothy Buford
- Subjects
Islamic studies ,Middle Eastern history ,Theology ,Al-Hakim ,Al-Kirmani ,Fatimids ,Ismailism ,Sectarianism ,Shi'ism - Abstract
This dissertation presents a critical edition of Maʿāṣim al-hudā wa-l-iṣāba fī tafḍīl ʿAlī ʿalā al-ṣaḥāba (“Strongholds of Guidance and Rectitude, Demonstrating ʿAlī’s Superiority Over the Companions”), the final extant unedited text of the famed Ismāʿīlī Shīʿī theologian, missionary, and spy Ḥamīd al-Dīn al-Kirmānī (d. ca. 1021 CE). It also features an accompanying study that contextualizes the work and expounds upon its significance. Although the text initially appears polemical, asserting as it does the superiority of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, the candidate favored by the nascent Shīʿī movement to succeed the Prophet Muḥammad, over Abū Bakr ibn Abī Quḥāfa, who would be favored by the Sunnīs, Maʿāṣim al-hudā is a remarkably ecumenical treatise, offering a far more positive portrayal of Abū Bakr and the other Companions of the Prophet thanany prior extant Ismāʿīlī text. The work thus offers a unique insight into the ways in which sectarian difference was navigated in the premodern Islamic context. This critical edition is based upon seven of the nine extant manuscript witnesses to the work. The accompanying study is divided into three chapters. The first offers an overview of al-Kirmānī’s life and works, an analysis of Maʿāṣim al-hudā’s form and contents, and a defense of the text’s authenticity. The second situates the text within the broader context of Fāṭimid Egypt, demonstrating its departure from previous approaches to the subject matter. It further contextualizes the work within the reign of the Fāṭimid caliph al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh (d. ca. 1021) and identifies Maʿāṣim al-hudā as the sole surviving primary source from a five-year period in which the caliph sought to merge Sunnī and Shīʿī elements into a syncretic Muslim tradition. The third chapter uses Maʿāṣim al-hudā to revisit an ongoing academic debate over whether al-Ḥākim intended to disinter the bodies of the Prophet Muḥammad and the first two caliphs and rehouse them in three sanctuaries he built between Cairo and Fusṭāṭ. It ultimately argues that newly revealed evidence from Maʿāṣim al-hudā renders the outright dismissal of this theory no longer tenable.
- Published
- 2024
8. Ideology and resistance in Persian classical poetry : the case of Naser-e Khosrow
- Author
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Evaz Malayeri, Salour and Talajooy, Saeed
- Subjects
Persian literature ,Naser-e Khosrow ,Ideology ,Resistance ,Discourse analysis ,Counter-discourse ,The Political ,Shiism ,Ismailism ,Medieval literature ,Determinism and free will ,Political theology - Abstract
This research is an attempt to redefine the concepts of ideology and resistance for an Iranian context and analyse their reflections in the Divan of Nāser-e Khosrow (Ca. 1004-1076). Ideology in Persian studies has usually been treated as a belief system promoted by a group of people with political ambitions, and resistance as a conscious political protest organised to confront a political system. Such general definitions, however, have failed to give rise to an applicable methodology for analysing the relationship between the text and dominant power, mainly because the mutual impacts of ideology and resistance have rarely been considered. Using the premises of the theory of 'ideology critique' and the method of 'discourse analysis', I define ideology as the totality of the undisputed and naturalised statements that justify a form of domination and hegemony. I also define resistance as discursive practices that disturb the symbolic order by challenging the common sense that has been established by the hegemonic discourse. To contextualise my study of ideology and resistance, I employ the concept of the political to analyse the construction of orthodoxy and political identity during the eleventh century Iran. I then examine the literary and theological themes of Nāser-e Khosrow's Divan. I argue that though Nāser-e Khosrow stood against the Baghdad Caliphs and their Turkic allies in Khorasan and dedicated his life to promoting Ismailism as a new conception of truth, his poetry merged the emancipative aspects of Ismaili discourse with the deterministic statements of Persian literary tradition in ways that he ultimately failed to break away from the dominant epistemes of the time and reproduced the arbitrary and tyrannical structure of power.
- Published
- 2020
9. Gazâlî’nin Mezhebî Kimliği Üzerine Anakronik Şiî Yorum: Gazâlî Şiî Olabilir mi?
- Author
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Gündüz, Ramazan
- Subjects
SOCIAL criticism ,PRODUCTIVE life span ,CULTURAL property ,SECTS ,SHIITES - Abstract
Copyright of Turkey Journal of Theological Studies is the property of Turkey Journal of Theological Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. التأويل اسسه ومعانيه في الفكر الطيبي.
- Author
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د حيدر محمد عبد ا  and فاتن كامل شاهين
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
11. La réorganisation du système judiciaire fatimide sous al-Muʿizz.
- Author
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Pfeiffer, Athina
- Subjects
- NORTH Africa
- Abstract
Al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh's chancery issued a decree in 343/954 appointing Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Muḥammad (d. 363/974) to the highest judicial office in the Fatimid caliphate. Al-Nuʿmān copied this document in its entirety in his Kitāb Iḫtilāf uṣūl al-maḏāhib (The Divergence of the Legal Principles of the Schools of Law), a polemical work which castigated the other Islamic schools of law. The author defended the political and religious authority of the Imam-caliph against the Sunni jurists who defied the Fatimids in Ifrīqiya: he professed a moderate Ismaili legal doctrine in opposition to the Sunni schools of law, and in this manner, sought to purge the Fatimid movement of its extremist groups, namely the ġulāt. Al-Muʿizz's decree set up a judicial system with a two-headed structure. On the one hand, he affirmed the judicial role of the Fatimid Imam, who was a source of law, and on the other, he established the office of the Fatimid "chief qadi" in Ifrīqiya. I argue that the "qadi of the Imam" gradually became the chief qadi through al-Nuʿmān's figure. Although he did not bear the title of supreme judge, al-Nuʿmān already fulfilled the role of Fatimid chief qadi under al-Manṣūr. Al-Muʿizz later confirmed his role and increased his prerogatives. The chief qadi headed the Fatimid judiciary by notably appointing the ḥukkām. The latter acted as judges in areas without qadis, thus linking the central power to the rural areas where the Fatimids were vulnerable. Al-Muʿizz's decree both sought to weaken the influence of the main urban jurisdictions of Kairouan and al-Mahdiyya that rivalled the chief qadi, and strove to keep control of the remote territories, especially the rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The Demon in Potentiality and the Devil in Actuality: Two Principles of Evil according to 4th/10th Century Ismailism.
- Author
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De Smet, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
DEVIL , *GOOD & evil , *ESOTERICISM , *SALVATION - Abstract
The Kitāb al-Kašf and the Kitāb al-Šaǧara , two 4th/10th century Ismaili works, share a dualistic vision of the world, marked by a continuous struggle between good and evil, light and darkness. Evil is identified with the exoteric religion deprived of its esoteric dimension. It is caused by a satanic pair, typified by Abū Bakr and ʿUmar b. al-Ḫaṭṭāb, the archetypes of the antagonists (aḍdād) opposing the Prophets and their Imams, from Adam to the advent of the Resurrector (al-Qāʾim). Through a personalized reading of selected verses from the Qurʾān, the authors of both works interpret the rejection of ʿAlī's legacy by the first two caliphs as the paradigm of all opposition against the Imām's esoteric knowledge leading to salvation. When ʿUmar represents the principle of evil in se , Abū Bakr stands for the weakness of the largest part of mankind, eager to be induced into error. By introducing into this doctrine the Aristotelian distinction between potentiality and actuality, the Kitāb al-Šaǧara develops an encompassing theory about the dynamics of evil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Al-Ghazali's Image in Al-Jabri's works
- Author
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Mohammed Lachkar
- Subjects
al-ghazali ,al-farabi ,al-jabri ,asharism. arab reason ,avicenna ,critique of arab reason ,esoterism ,ibn roshd ,ismailism ,mu'tazilism ,sunnism ,shiism ,tahafut al-falasifa ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
Muhammad Abed Al-Jabri (1935-2010) is a famous philosophical and scientific figure in contemporary Arab thought. He is the author of the philosophy of "the Arab mind" and "the criticism of the Arab mind." He tried to establish his theory of looking at the ancient Arab heritage and modern Arab thought. He also tried to view them according to the critical vision criteria, which he laid the methodological foundations for in his essential philosophical writings, especially in the critique of the Arab mind trilogy. In this study, I seek to analyze and study various aspects of his analytical and critical approach towards Al-Ghazali and his theoretical creativity. As well as revealing the specificity of his position on the intellectual path of Al-Ghazali himself, based on the sequence of his books, Al-Jabri considered Al-Ghazali's personality as a large and complex problem, so that It is challenging to define entirely and accurately. However, this does not exclude him from the possibility of defining the criteria of science in general and philosophy in particular. In this research, I tried to reveal that the position of Al-Jabri himself represents in some sense the continuation of the problematic and complexity of Al-Ghazali himself. Al-Jabri raised more problems than the answer to them. And the controversy remains and is getting stronger. The research into the personality and works of Al-Ghazali seems to have been and will remain for a long time due to the problematic character of Al-Ghazali himself, the diversity and differences of his intellectual, creative writing, and his tortuous nature. Hence, this study constitutes a contribution in this field.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. İsmâilîlik’te Varlığın Hudûdu ve Âdem’in Hübûtu
- Author
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Asiye Tığlı
- Subjects
kalām ,ismāilism ,adam’s fall to earth ,degree in the divine station ,exit from paradise ,spiritual adam ,hierarchy of existence ,kelam ,i̇smâilîlik ,âdem’in hubûtu ,hudûd ,cennetten çıkış ,ruhani âdem ,varlık hiyerarşisi ,Islam ,BP1-253 ,Practical Theology ,BV1-5099 ,Moral theology ,BV4625-4780 - Abstract
İsmâilîlerin Âdem’in yeryüzüne inişi, diğer bir deyişle insanın yeryüzünde bulunma nedeni konusunda diğer Müslümanlardan farklı olarak ne söyledikleri bu makalenin temel sorusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, öncelikle konuyla ilişkili görülen varlık hiyerarşisi ve bu bağlamda açığa çıkan hadd/hudûd ve tevhit kavramları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Zira İsmâilîlik’te âlemlerin doğuşu ve her türlü varoluş belli bir hiyerarşiye göre zuhur etmektedir. Bu hiyerarşi, aynı zamanda uyulması gereken ilahî sınırları belirlemenin ölçütü olarak da kabul edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda kritik bir terim olan hadd yahut çoğul formuyla hudûd”, basitten karmaşığa doğru sıralanan tüm varlıkların kendilerine ait ilahi makamdaki derecelerini ifade etmektedir. Bu öğretiye paralel olarak Âdem’in ezelde işlediği hata, kendisinden daha üstün konumda olanlara gereken bağlılığı göstermemesi nedeniyle bir tür hadsizlik olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda makalede konuyla bağlantılı olarak ele aldığımız bir diğer önemli kavram ise “tevhit”tir. Çünkü İlk Akl’ın, tüm İbdâ‘ Âlemini Mübdi‘in tevhidine davet ettiği unutulmamalıdır. Bu davete icabetin en önemli kuralı ise, her iki âlemde bulunan varlıkların tevhit ilkesini idrakte ve dolayısıyla da kemale ermede kendisinden üstün olanı tanıması ve ona itaat etmesidir. Makalede Âdem’in hubûtu konusunda İsmâilî klasik kaynaklarda, biri temsilî, diğeri ise felsefî sayılabilecek iki izah şeklinin ön plana çıktığı vurgulanmaktadır. Temsili anlatımlarda Âdem’in yeryüzünde bulunma nedeni, ezeli âlemde işlediği hata nedeniyle kaybettiği makamı geri kazanmak olarak açıklanmaktadır. Bu hata, cismanî değil tüm insanlığı temsil eden ruhanî Âdem tarafından işlenmiştir ve esasında nefsteki (psykhe) eksikliği sembolize etmektedir. Kur’an’da geçen Âdem’in cennetten çıkışıyla ilgili kıssa da bu anlatımla uyumlu bir şekilde te’vil edilmektedir. Daha ziyade Neoplatonizm felsefesi ile uyumlu olan açıklamalarda ise nefsin (psyche) gelişimi merkeze alınmaktadır. Nefs, Akıl’dan sonra varlık alanına çıktığı için eksiktir. Bu nedenle cismani âlemin yaratılma nedeni, nefsi ilim ve hikmet ile daha iyi kılmak ve nihai gelişimini sağlamaktır. Bu durumda nefs kendisini, yeryüzündeki en yüce temsilcisi olan Âdem aracılığıyla gerçekleştirmiş olmaktadır. İşte kozmosun hareketini başlatma nedeni temelde nefsteki bu eksikliktir. Sonuç olarak makalede; her iki izah şeklinde de nefsin eksikliğine yapılan vurgunun ön planda olduğu belirtilmektedir. Yani nefste, yahut onun yeryüzündeki sureti olan Âdem’de, Tanrıdan uzaklığın doğurduğu bir eksiklik nedeniyle bir makam kaybı ve zamana düşüş söz konusudur. Bu nedenle nefsin kemale ermesi yahut Âdem’in asli yerini geri kazanması için, cismani âlemin var olması ve yedi aşamalı bir sürecin tecrübe edilmesi gerekmektedir.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Zinā and Gender (In)Equality in Ismāʿīlī Druze Law.
- Author
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Halawi, Wissam H.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Islam is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The Terminology of Origination (Ibda‘) in Ismaili Theology in the Fatimid Period
- Author
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Mohammad Bahrami
- Subjects
origination (ibda‘) ,ismailism ,creation (khalq) ,command (amr) ,first intellect ,soul (nafs) ,Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects ,BL51-65 - Abstract
Although all Muslim philosophers have considered origination (Ibda'), it has received specific attention in Ismaili theology. Famous Ismaili personalities and groups such as al-Nasafi, Abu Hatam al-Razi, al-Sijistani, Ikhwan Al-Safa, al-Kermani, and Nasir Khusraw have paid considerable attention to its interpretation. This study, which is limited to Ismaili views in the Fatimid period, provides the reader with the following findings: Ismaili theologians disagree on the components of its definition, on differentiation (Tafsil) and undifferentiation (Ijmal) of these components and on what beings belong to the divine origination; It seems that Ismaili theologians equate origination (Ibda') with invention (Ikhtira'), but they are not clear on its relation to other concepts such as creation (Khalq), command (Amr), emanation (Inbi'ath), will (Iradah), composition (Tarkib), and making (Sun'). Referring to Ismaili theologians' books and treatises, this study has described and analyzed these issues.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Şiîliğin Hint Coğrafyasına Girişi
- Author
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Gülşen Yağir Ahmetoğlu and Şahin Ahmetoğlu
- Subjects
indian geography ,india ,islam ,shiism ,zaydiyya ,ismailism ,isnâ ‘asharî shî’is ,hint coğrafyası ,hindistan ,i̇slam ,şiilik ,zeydiyye ,i̇smailiyye ,i̇snaaşeriyye ,Islam ,BP1-253 - Abstract
Hint coğrafyasına İslâm’ın girişi hicretin ilk yıllarına kadar uzanmaktadır. İlk asırlardan itibaren Müslümanlar bölgeye çok sayıda sefer düzenlemiş, böylece bölgenin İslâmlaşma süreci hızlanmıştır. İslâm’ın gelişi ile birlikte Hint coğrafyasında siyasî dengeler değişmiş, dinî ve kültürel alanda birtakım farklılıklar meydana gelmiştir. Mezhepler Tarihi açısından bakıldığında ise bölgede çok sayıda farklı düşünce ekollerinin yer aldığı görülmektedir. Hint coğrafyasındaki bu ekollerin farklı eğilimler gösterdiği söylenebilir. Çalışmamızın asıl konusu olan Şiîliğin bölgeye girişi ve yayılışı ile ilgili birçok iddia öne sürülmüştür. Bu iddiaların merkezinde Hz. Ali döneminde bölgeye seferler düzenlenmesi, Hz. Ali taraftarları olarak bilinen kişilerin bölgeye göç etmiş olmaları, ayrıca Emevîler ve Abbasîler döneminde Hâşimîlere yapılan baskı ve zulümlerden dolayı Hint bölgesine giden Ali oğulları ile ilgili rivayetler yer almaktadır. Makalede Şiîlik ve alt kolları olan Zeydiyye, İsmâilîyye, Karmatîlik ve İsnâaşeriyye’nin bölgeye ne zaman ve nasıl girdikleri, aynı zamanda hangi bölgelere yayıldıkları bilimsel verilere dayandırılarak objektif bir şekilde değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
- Published
- 2020
18. İsmâilîlik'te Varlığın Hudûdu ve Âdem'in Hübûtu.
- Author
-
TIĞLI, Asiye
- Subjects
GOD in Islam ,EXPLANATION ,LINEAR orderings ,IMPERFECTION ,NEOPLATONISM ,INTELLECT ,HUMANITY ,DEVOTION - Abstract
Copyright of KADER is the property of Kelam Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The dynamics of Islam and modernity in Tajikistan : contemporary Ismaili discourse
- Author
-
Dildorbekova, Zamira Imatovna and Taji-Farouki, Suha
- Subjects
297.8 ,Islam ,Ismailism ,modernity ,Tajikistan ,Central Asia - Abstract
This thesis examines the contemporary religious renewal and discourse on modernity of the Shi‘a Imami Ismaili Muslims of Nizari branch (hereinafter Ismaili) in post-Soviet Tajikistan. These developments are set against their reunion with the worldwide spiritual leader, the Aga Khan IV, and their convergence with the transnational (or global) Ismailis, following seven decades of Soviet isolation. The subject of ‘religious renewal’ among Ismailis of Tajikistan remains barely explored both in post-Soviet and Western academia. It is situated against the backdrop of rapidly expanding body of scholarly analysis on Central Asian Islam, which until recently was framed predominantly through securitisation discourses. These discourses provided a distorted picture of the nature of Islam in post-Soviet Central Asia. While not negating the relevancy of the aforementioned securitisation discourses, this thesis challenges their portrayal of both ‘international Islam’ and Islam in Central Asia as monolithic entities. It also questions how the former is being perceived as anti-Western, and therefore anti-modern, and the latter as a passive receiver. Drawing on the notions of ‘multiple modernities’ (Eisenstadt 2000) and ‘discursive tradition’ (Asad 1986), this thesis emphasises the multiplicity, diverse trajectories and distinct patterns of Islamic discourses on modernity not just among, but within each Central Asian state. It provides a better understanding of the complex and constantly evolving nature of Islam in Central Asia and its dynamics with modernity. Moreover, the research findings contribute to the understanding of modernity and secularisation, and indeed westernisation, as not identical in Central Asia. They highlight that dynamics between Islam and modernity are inclusionary, which interact, cross-fertilise and transform one another critically and creatively, rather than through a dichotomous relationship between the traditional and the modern, Islamic and secular (and/or Western). This work builds its analysis on local archives, reports, oral memories and multiple interviews with various stakeholders from within the Ismaili community and outside, in Gorno-Badakhshan region of Tajikistan and beyond. It depicts how contemporary readings of modernity within Ismailism in Tajikistan and its discourses derive extensively from the religious and temporal guidance of the Aga Khan that are entrenched in Ismaili doctrines and values of Islam. It also portrays how these discourses are then informed, altered and recreated acutely by various dynamics both within the faith and without, including the historical past and growing globalisation. As a result, this paper came to argue that these dynamics [within and without] are contested widely among the local Ismailis. They instigate systematic and indigenous approaches and answers that go beyond the ‘traditional’ discourses on Islam and modernity, and, nevertheless, accentuate the continuity of the Ismaili tradition.
- Published
- 2014
20. « Le mal ne s'enracine pas dans l'instauration ». La question du mal dans le shiʿisme ismaélien.
- Author
-
De Smet, Daniel
- Abstract
Copyright of Oriens is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. PROF. DR. HASAN ONAT'IN TÜRKİYE'DEKİ ŞİÎLİK ÇALIŞMALARINA KATKISI (Danışmanlığını Yaptığı Yüksek Lisans ve Doktora Çalışmaları Bağlamında)
- Author
-
ÜMİT, Mehmet and ATALAN, Mehmet
- Subjects
- *
SHI'AH , *SECTS , *MUSLIMS , *SCIENTIFIC method , *SECTARIANISM , *SECTARIAN conflict , *HAZARDS - Abstract
Nowadays, we see two major sects among Muslims. One of them is the Sunnism, which constitutes the majority of the population in the Islamic world and the other is the Shiism. The Shiism has developed throughout history and has survived until today. Hasan Onat has emphasized the importance of the Shiism on various platform by stating that "Shiism is one of the most important keys for understanding the Middle East". Based on this idea, he concentrated on Shiism and supervised many M.A. and PhD studies related to various Shiite sects and their sub-branches. These studies are very important in terms of understanding the sectarian crisis in the Middle East. Hasan Onat argued that in order to prevent the danger of sectarian conflicts, each sect should be examined by scientific methods. In this article we will study the contribution of Hasan Onat to Shii studies in Turkey by analyzing the Shia-related M.A and PhD thesis prepared under his supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. الاتجاهات العقدية في اليمن – الظهور والامتداد.
- Author
-
ماجد محمد علي أحم
- Subjects
- *
SECTS , *ISLAM , *SUFISM , *AUTHORITY , *PICTURES , *SHIITES , *SUNNI Islam - Abstract
The current study aims at drawing a complete picture of the religious situation in Yemen before and after Islam. It also shows the historical line of the emergence of trends and sects which appeared in Yemen during the different historical stages; the most important of which are: the external trend, the Shiite trend with its two parts Zaidi and Ismaili and the Sufi trend. The study at hand clarifies the conditions of the emergence of such trends and their relationship with the ruling authority in that time, as well as the stages of the spread and decline of them in the history of Yemen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
23. الرسائل السياسية املتبادلة بني ديواني اإلنشاء الصليحي والفاطمي دي عشر مس اهلجري / اح يف القرن اخ امليالدي (رسائل ابن القم منوذجا)
- Author
-
خلود محمد عايد األحمدي
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Taibah University Arts & Humanities is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
24. YALTKAYA'NIN "NÂSIR-I HÜSREV" ADLI MAKALESİ: DEĞERLENDİRME VE NEŞİR.
- Author
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BULUT, Halil İbrahim
- Subjects
- *
THEOLOGY , *CONTRADICTION , *SCHOLARS , *COLLEGE teachers - Abstract
Mehmet Şerefettin Yaltkaya, who worked as a professor of theology at the Darülfünun Faculty of Divinity for many years and served as the President of Religious Affairs in the last years of his life, was a prolific scholar who wrote many books and articles in his field. However, a significant part of his works were written before 1928, that is, they were published in old letters, therefore, the use of these works remains limited today. It is a serious need to translate these studies into today's Turkish. We aim in this study to bring Yaltkaya's "Nasir-i Khusraw" article published in 1927 in Ottoman Turkish, into today's readers via latinisation, analysis and evaluation of the article. In his article, Yaltkaya pointed out that there was not enough information about Nâsir-i Khusraw's life and schorsaly career, and that the existing information contained serious contradictions. Saying that the most accurate information can be revealed from Nasir's own Works, he tried to do this in his article. In this study, the content of Yaltkaya's article has been analysed after giving a general information about Nasir's life and his scholarly career. Finally, Nasir-i Khusraw article has latinised and reinforced with footnotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Écrire et réécrire l'histoire druze des origines.
- Author
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Halawi, Wissam H.
- Abstract
In his work ʿUmdat al-ʿārifīn, Šayḫ al-Ašrafānī, a Druze scholar living in Syria in the 11th/17th century, composed a Druze history of origins for the entire community. This universal history portrays Druzism as an inherent part of human history, like the other monotheistic doctrines. The author thus offers a theological account of the birth of Druzism by tracing a linear discourse of world history from Adam to the Druze daʿwa (preaching) in the 5th/11th century. Al-Ašrafānī also attributes an Islamic character to Druzism by drawing on the Druze sacred text as well as exegetical literature from the late 9th/15th century, while highlighting the Islamic nature of Druzism and its pre-eminence. This rewriting of history in the 11th/17th century contributed to the popularization of Druzism, as attested in other texts from the same period. While al-Ašrafānī did not greatly influence his contemporaries, his work was of considerable importance in the Druze communities of Bilād al-Šām afterwards. Indeed, ʿUmdat al-ʿārifīn had such a substantial impact on Druze historiography that it became a historical source for writing and rewriting the Druze history of origins. Despite being quoted extensively by modern Druze historians, it remains unpublished, being kept secret in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The Ismaili of Central Asia
- Author
-
Beben, Daniel
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. المرجعيات الفكرية للإسماعيلية من منظور الجابري
- Author
-
إياد محمد عبد الحميد الشوفيين
- Published
- 2019
28. Bâtınî Ekolleri Anlamada Anahtar Bir Kavram: Ezılle/Gölgeler Nazariyesi
- Author
-
Ali Avcu
- Subjects
esotericism ,the theory of shadows ,aẓilla ,islamic sects ,ismailism ,nusayrism ,yazidism ,druze ,bâtınîlik ,gölgeler nazariyesi ,ezılle ,mezhepler ,i̇smailîlik ,nusayrîlik ,yezidîlik ,dürzîlik ,Islam. Bahai Faith. Theosophy, etc. ,BP1-610 - Abstract
Bâtınî mezheplerle alakalı pek çok çalışma yapılmış ve bu çalışmalarda konu farklı açılardan ele alınmıştır. Ancak bâtınî düşünce sisteminde ezılle anlayışının yeri ve önemine dikkat çeken bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu makalede ezılle anlayışının ne olduğu tespit edildikten sonra kavramın bâtınî düşünce sistemini anlamada merkezi bir yerinin olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Bu çerçevede ezılle anlayışının bâtınî ekollerin temel fikirlerindeki belirgin etkisi açığa çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bâtınî mezheplerle alakalı pek çok çalışma yapılmış ve bu çalışmalarda konu farklı açılardan ele alınmıştır. Ancak bâtınî düşünce sisteminde ezılle anlayışının yeri ve önemine dikkat çeken bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu makalede ezılle anlayışının ne olduğu tespit edildikten sonra kavramın bâtınî düşünce sistemini anlamada merkezi bir yerinin olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Bu çerçevede ezılle anlayışının bâtınî ekollerin temel fikirlerindeki belirgin etkisi açığa çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır.Ezılle anlayışını, ilahi âlemde tecelli eden gölgelerin ya da maddi olmayan varlıkların bu âleme maddi bir formda yansıması olarak tanımlayabiliriz. Bu düşüncenin kökleri, Platon’un ideler ve görünüşler âlemi şeklinde formüle ettiği âlem anlayışına ve bu düşünceyi açıklamak için kullandığı mağara benzetmesine kadar uzanmaktadır. İslam öncesi farklı dini ve felsefi gelenekler içerisinde geliştirilen bu anlayış bâtınî ekoller kanalıyla İslami bir form kazanmıştır.Ezılle anlayışı ilk defa aşırı Şiî gruplar tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Erken döneme ait klasik kaynaklar gulat Şiîler’in ezılle anlayışına sahip olduklarını söylemekle birlikte meselenin detaylarıyla ilgili herhangi bir bilgi vermemektedir. Ancak onların bazı görüşlerinde ve kurumsal yapılar olarak karşımıza çıkan İsmailîlik, Nusayrîlik, Dürzilîk ve Yezidîlik gibi bâtınî ekoller içerisinde bu anlayışın ne olduğuna dair bazı ipuçlarına rastlamak mümkündür. Öte yandan sonraki dönemlerde Kitâbu’l-Heft ve’l-Ezılle gibi doğrudan gölgeler nazariyesini açıklayan eserler de kaleme alınmıştır.Bâtınî çevrelerde üretilmiş olan eserlerde her ne kadar ezılle anlayışına yeterince yer verilmemiş olsa da, geliştirilmiş olan din anlayışının büyük oranda gölgeler nazariyesi üzerine inşa edildiğine şahit olmaktayız. Adı konulmamış bu anlayışın en temel özelliği, ilahi âlemdeki her varlığın, içinde yaşadığımız âleme maddi bir formda yansımış olduğu iddiasıdır. Allah’ın zatı bâtınî ekoller tarafından genellikle tecellinin dışında tutulduğu için yansıma çoğunlukla onun zatıyla başlatılmamıştır. Ancak yüce yaratıcıdan tecelli eden ilk varlıklar ilahî âlemi meydana getirmiş, bu âlem yeryüzüne maddi bir formda yansımıştır.Bu anlayış beraberinde maddenin hakikat içermediği ve mutlak hakikatin maddi olmayanda arandığı bir marifet anlayışı geliştirmiştir. Buna göre hakikatin sadece bir yansımasından ibaret olan maddi varlıkların mutlak hakikat içermeleri mümkün değildir. Yegâne gerçek, yeryüzüne maddi bir formda yansımış olan mana, bâtın ya da gölgedir. Doğal olarak bir Bâtınî’ye düşen görev, maddi suretin arkasına gizlenmiş ve maddi olmayan mutlak hakikati araştırmaktır.Ezılle anlayışı bu noktada zorunlu olarak zahir-bâtın ayrımını öne sürmüştür. Buna göre zahir, mutlak hakikati içinde gizleyen bir kabuk ya da yansımadan ibarettir. Kişiye düşen görev, dini metnin zahirini aşarak, zahirin altında gizli olan bâtınî hakikati elde etmektir.Gölgeler nazariyesi düalist bir bakış açısını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Zira her varlığın hakikat içeren bir bâtını ile mutlak gerçekliğin maddi formda yansımış bir görünüşü söz konusudur. Allah’ın, hakikatin manevi olarak açığa çıktığı bâtınî sıfatları ve bunların yansımış olduğu maddi sıfatları vardır. Âlem maddi olmayan hakikatlerden oluşan manevî âlem ve onun yansımasından ibaret olan maddi âlem olmak üzere düalist bir karakter arz eder. İnsan, ilahi âleme ait bir ruh ve bu âleme ait bir bedenden müteşekkil düalist bir yapıya sahiptir. Yine insanlığın kurtuluşu için gönderilen dini metinler de ilahi âleme ait olan bâtın ve bu âleme ait olan zahir olmak üzere iki boyuta sahiptir.Bâtınîler ilahi âlemi yedi kattan müteşekkil olarak gördükleri ve bu katların her birisini ilahi bir varlık olarak değerlendirdikleri için, gölgeler nazariyesinin bir gereği olarak maddi âlemde bu varlıkların karşılığını ya da yansımasını bulmaya çalışmışlardır. İsimler değişmekle birlikte bâtınî gruplar belli dönemlerde bazı şahısları ilahi âlemin yeryüzündeki yansımaları olarak görmüşlerdir. Küllî Akıl, Küllî Nefs, Kelime, Sâbık ve Tâlî gibi isimler verilen ilahi varlıklar yeryüzüne Hz. Muhammet, Hz. Ali, Selman-ı Farisî, Mikdat b. el-Esved, Ammar b. Yasir ve benzeri maddi suretlerde yansımışlardır.Bu anlayış beraberinde yeryüzündeki bir takım şahısların kutsallaştırılması sonucunu doğurmuştur. Zira külli tecelli gerçekleştiği düşünülen şahıslar, ilahi âlemden elde ettikleri sırlar ve bilgilerle sıradan insanlardan farklılaşmakta ve bazı tanrısal özelliklere sahip olmaktadırlar. Çift kutuplu bir kimliğe bürünen bu kişiler zahiren birer insan iken, bâtınen ilahi âlemdeki varlıkların yeryüzüne yansımış bir sureti olarak görülmektedirler. Diğer insanlara düşen görev ise onların şahıslarından ve suretlerinden hareketle, onlara aksetmiş olan ilahi hakikati idrak etmektir. Bu bakış açısı, bireysel kurtuluşun mümkün olmadığı ve bazı insanların karizmatik bir lider olarak algılandığı bir din anlayışını beraberinde getirmiştir. Sonuç olarak Bâtınî ekoller tarafından geliştirilmiş olan din anlayışı gölgeler nazariyesinin mutlak tesiri altındadır. Onlar, bu nazariyeden hareketle Bâtınîlik adı verilen yeni bir İslam algısı açığa çıkarmışlardır. Bu algının merkezinde gölgeler nazariyesi ve onun ayrılmaz bir parçası olan düalizm yer almaktadır. Bâtınîlik, bu doğrultuda geliştirilmiş ve kendi içerisinde bütünlük ve derinliği olan bir din anlayışını temsil etmektedir. Bu din anlayışının doğru anlaşılabilmesi için, arkasında yatan ve üzerine inşa edildiği gölgeler nazariyesinin hesaba katılması ve bâtınî metinlerin bu doğrultuda okunması gerekmektedir. Tek doğru olarak zahiri gören ve düşünme biçiminin arkasındaki düaliteyi fark edemeyen bir okuma biçimi ise Bâtınîliğin iç bütünlüğünü yakalayamayacak ve onu çelişkiler yumağı olarak görecektir.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Les Fatimides et le Maghreb central : littoralisation de la dynastie et modes de contrôle des territoires
- Author
-
Allaoua Amara
- Subjects
Central Maghreb ,Fatimids ,Ṣanhāja ,ismailism ,exile territory ,History of Africa ,DT1-3415 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
After chasing away the Aghlabids from Ifrīqiya, the Fatimids relocated the center of their predication, from where they ruled over the Kutāma fortresses, first in Ṣabra near Kairouan, then in Mahdia, first Islamic capital to be on the coast. A theological reform was necessary in order to define a posteriori the first ismaili centers as “territories of exile” (dār al-hijra) and to give legitimation to the imperial aims of the caliphs. This withdrawal from the Central Maghreb does not mean however that the Fatimids abandonned the region, in which they had to develop several modalities of territorial control. Resorting to Kutāma preachers, eunuchs and local influential families was one of the means they used in order to do so.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The place and role of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in the state system of Tajikistan
- Author
-
P. B. Parshin
- Subjects
tajikistan ,gorno-badakhshan ,pamir ,“roof of the world” ,1992–1997 civil war in tajikistan ,e. rakhmon ,authoritarianism ,ismailism ,aga-khan iv ,tourism in badakhshan ,mineral resources of badakhshan ,narcotraffic ,islamic militants ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
The paper suggests a description of the place occupied in Tajikistan by the largest and less populated territory of the republic, namely Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, inhabited mostly by relative to Tajiks Pamiri peoples that possess ethnic and confessional identity of their own and speak about a dozen of Easter Iranian languages. A part of the region is also inhabited by a small number of nomadic Kyrgyz clans. The role of the region and its population in the history, economic and political development of Tajikistan, especially in post-Soviet period, as well as its future potential and possible threats to its peoples are considered at some length.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Ali Amir-Moezzi (dir.), Raison et quête de la sagesse. Hommage à Christian Jambet
- Author
-
Hilal, Aziz
- Subjects
Esotericism ,shiisme ,ésotérisme ,imâmologie ,falsafa ,Shi’ism ,Imâmology ,Ismailism ,ismaélisme - Abstract
Ce recueil comporte naturellement une bibliographie des œuvres de Christian Jambet (p. 21-30). La préface de Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi (p. 7-8) et son entretien avec Ch. Jambet (p. 9-20), avec qui il a signé un livre intitulé Qu’est-ce que le shî’isme ?, nous présentent l’homme d’action, le philosophe, l’humaniste, et l’explorateur efficace de la philosophie shiite en général et celle de Mullā Ṣadrā en particulier, à qui il a consacré plusieurs études. Avec des philosophes comme Ch. Jambet, on...
- Published
- 2023
32. İsmaili Davet: Sosyo-Politik Gelişim Süreci
- Author
-
Muzaffer Tan
- Subjects
Dawa ,Ismailism ,Natiq ,Zahir ,Batin ,İmamate ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Moral theology ,BV4625-4780 - Abstract
İslam düşünce tarihi içerisinde itikadi veya ameli bakımdan çok sayıda mezhebi farklılaşma kendisini göstermiştir. Yaşanan farklılaşmalar aslında söz konusu mezhebi yapıların sonraki seyrine doğrudan etkide bulunan ve onu diğer mezheplerden ayıran en önemli unsur, bir başka ifadeyle alamet-i farikaları olagelmiştir. İsmâilîlik açısından bakıldığında bu farklılaşmaların çerçevesi hem yatay hem de dikey düzlemde oldukça geniştir. İsmâilîlik, sahip olduğu teorik ve pratik uygulamalarla diğer mezheplerden yapısal olarak ayrılmaktadır. Örneğin nâtık-sâmit ilişkisi, zâhir-bâtın ayrımı, ulvi âlem-süfli âlem ilişkisi, davet yapılanması gibi İsmâilî düşüncenin lokomotifi olarak nitelenebilecek unsurlar, diğer mezheplerde birebir karşılığı olmayan ve ağırlıklı olarak İsmâilîliğe özgü farklılaşma biçimleridir. Bu makalede İsmâilîli davet yapılanmasının genel karakteri üzerinde durulacaktır.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Persian Poetry, Sufism and Ismailism: The Testimony of Khwājah Qāsim Tushtarī's Recognizing God.
- Author
-
VIRANI, SHAFIQUE N.
- Subjects
PERSIAN poetry ,SUFISM ,SHI'AH ,PERSIAN literature ,ISMAILITES - Abstract
Khwājah Qāsim Tushtarī's recently discovered Recognizing God (Maʿrifat-i Khudāy taʿālā) is one of the only texts known to have survived from the early Alamūt period of Ismaili Muslim history. This article analyses the work in the context of the "new Invitation" (daʿwat-i jadīd) to the Ismaili faith that al-Shahrastānī (d. 548/1153) tells us was inaugurated by the Fāṭimid Imam al-Mustanṣir billāh (d. 487/1094) and championed by Ḥasan-i Ṣabbāḥ (d. 518/1124). The text emphasises that the ultimate purpose of human existence is to know God, and that the path to this knowledge is through the Imam of the Time. The concepts of the 'true teacher' (muʿallim-i ṣādiq) and 'sage' (ḥakīm) are examined and the literary culture fostered at the Ismaili fortresses, particularly Girdkūh, is explored. Significantly, the article draws attention to the position of Sanāʾī Ghaznawī (d. circa 525/1131) in Persian Ismaili literature and to the very early development of pious, devotional and homiletic poetry as well as the "mathnawī metre" in Ismaili environments, which may have helped set the stage for some of the most significant poetic achievements of mystical Islam: the writings of Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār (d. circa 618/1221) and Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (d. 672/1273). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. المرجعيات الفكرية للإسماعيلية من منظور الجابري
- Author
-
إياد محمد الشوفيين and سلمان فضيل البدور
- Published
- 2018
35. SÜNNİ POLİTİK TARİH YAZIMINDA KARMATÎ İSMÂİLÎLERİNİN HETERODOKSLUĞU.
- Author
-
Ötenkaya, Yusuf
- Abstract
The Abbāsids, starting from the beginning of the 9th century, gave the Sunni paradigm a new direction in terms of concept. In this respect there has been a series of changes in the concept of Sunnah. Indeed, until the time of the Abbāsids, Sunnah implied the words and acts of the Prophet, while from the 3th/9th century a different meaning evolved and began to portray orthodoxy (correct doctrine). This, of course, has led to the "infidel" of the non-Ahl-i Sunnah. In this study, we will try to explain how the Ahl-i Sunnah has emerged in political terms and how to try to establish a doctrine in order to isolate those (Ismāilism) who are not self. In this sense, we will try to demonstrate with concrete examples how the historical works and the arguments that the Ahl al-Sunnah has made into canon become transformed into infidel tools. For example, it is known that how the ulama who politicized the issues related to religion, declared the Ismāilis as infidel in order to widen their domains from the 5th/11th century. This situation causes the issue to be separated from the context, shifted to different areas and the main situation is overlooked. Therefore, our main aim here is to explain the reasons, dynamics behind the curtain, rather than the unfaithing of the Ismāilīs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Le druzisme prémoderne en Syrie : émergence du droit druze et des premières institutions religieuses.
- Author
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Halawi, Wissam Halabi
- Subjects
- *
DRUZE scholars , *RELIGIOUS doctrines , *HISTORIOGRAPHY , *ISLAMIC studies , *ISLAMIC law - Abstract
Les premiers traités du Canon druze dont la rédaction remonte au Ve/XIe siècle jettent les bases d’une doctrine religieuse nouvelle et ébauchent succinctement et de manière souvent ambigüe les préceptes moraux, mais aussi juridiques et juridictionnels auxquels les adeptes devaient désormais se soumettre, les lois (šarāʾiʿ) antérieures ayant été abrogées par la Volonté divine. Les savants druzes du IXe/XVe siècle, notamment l’émir al-Sayyid (m. 884/1479) et ses disciples, tentèrent d’expliquer ces traités afin d’établir des principes juridico-religieux adaptés à leur milieu rural et des règles destinées à organiser le fonctionnement interne de la communauté des adeptes. L’historiographie traditionnelle considère toutefois que seul al-Sayyid est l’architecte de ce « renouveau druze » ; par conséquent, elle lui confère le statut de plus grand réformateur druze de tous les temps et lui attribue un ensemble d’écrits théologiques et juridiques que les initiés observent scrupuleusement depuis lors. Or, une lecture critique de ce corpus inédit datant en partie de la fin du IXe/XVe siècle révèle que l’émergence des premières institutions druzes, religieuses et judiciaires, ainsi que la théorisation et la systématisation du droit druze sont postérieures à l’action sayyidienne. The Epistles of the Druze Canon, written in the 5th/11th century, lay down the foundations for a new religious doctrine, and give a brief and sometimes ambiguous outline of the moral, juridical and judicial precepts to which believers should submit henceforth, all previous legal doctrines (šarāʾiʿ) having been abrogated by the divine Will. Premodern Druze scholars, especially the Emir al-Sayyid (d. 884/1479) and his disciples, attempted to explain these canonical treatises with the aim of establishing legal and religious principles adapted to their rural milieu and posing rules designed to organise the community. Traditional Druze historiography considers the Emir al-Sayyid to be the only and greatest Druze reformer of all time, the “architect” of Druze renaissance in sum, and falsely attributes to him a collection of theological and legal writings (the “Great Exegeses”) which are scrupulously applied by religious people up to the present day. However, a critical examination of this unpublished corpus (dating from the latter part of the 9th/15th century) shows however that the Druze legal theory, as well as the first religious and judiciary Druze institutions emerged after the death of al-Sayyid. This article is in French. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Nâsır-ı Hüsrev’in Divanı’nda Şiî-İsmâilî Unsurlar
- Author
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CADUK, Mahmut
- Subjects
Literary Reviews ,Edebi İncelemeler ,Naser Khosrow ,divan ,sect ,İsmailism ,Fatimids ,Nâsır Hüsrev ,mezhep ,İsmâilîlik ,Fatımîler - Abstract
Abu Muîn Naser b. Khosrow b. Haris al-Qubadiyani al-Marvezî, who was born in 1004 in the town of Qubadiyan in the city of Belh in Khorasan, carried out activities in the Khorasan region as a “Dai” of the Fatimids State. As it is understood from his works, he became competent in the fields of natural sciences, philosophy and mathematics, as well as religious sciences at a young age, and became quite familiar with Arabic and Persian poetry. Naser Khosrow, who exhibited a fanatical attitude in his sect, defended the Ismaili sect both in his prose works and in his divan consisting of approximately ten thousand couplets. Naser not only defended the principles of belief of the Ismaili sect, but also in many parts of his divan respectfully mentioned the Fatimid State, which was the political representative of this sect, and al-Mustansir Billâh, who was the caliph of this state at that time. In this study, it is examined the mission attributed to mind and religion by the Ismaili sect in the Divan of Naser Khosrov is examined and how concepts of İsmaili literature such as Ahl al-Bayt, tanzil (revelation), tawil (hermeneutic interpretation), batin (esoteric), and zahir (exoteric) are handled in this work is analyzed. The study, also, reveals how the Fatimids, who were the representatives of the Ismaili sect at that time, is evaluated in the divan., Horasan’ın Belh şehrinin Kubâdiyân kasabasında 1004 yılında dünyaya gelen Ebû Muîn Nâsır b. Hüsrev b. Hâris el-Kubâdiyânî el-Mervezî, Fâtımîler Devleti’ne bağlı bir “Daî” olarak Horasan bölgesinde faaliyet yürütmüştür. Eserlerinden anlaşıldığı kadarıyla onun genç yaşta din ilimlerinin yanında, tabiî ilimler, felsefe ve matematik sahalarında da yetkin olduğu, Arap ve Fars şiirinde derin vukufiyet kesbettiği anlaşılmaktadır. İsmâilî mezhebinin mutaassıp bir taraftarı olan Nâsır-ı Hüsrev, hem mensur eserlerinde hem de yaklaşık olarak on bin beyitten oluşan divanında İsmâilîlik savunusu yapmıştır. Nâsır-ı Hüsrev, İsmâilî mezhebinin inanç esaslarının savunusu ile yetinmemiş, ayrıca divanının pek çok yerinde bu mezhebin siyasal temsilcisi konumundaki Fatımî Devleti’ni ve o zaman diliminde bu devletin halifesi olan Mustansır Billâh’a bağlılığını bildirerek onu övgüyle anmıştır. Bu çalışmada Nâsır-ı Hüsrev Divanı’nda İsmâilî mezhebinin akıl ve dine yüklediği misyon, yine İsmâilî literatür açısından önem arz eden Ehl-i Beyt, tenzil (vahiy), te’vil (hermenotik yorum), batın (ezoterik), zahir (egzoterik) gibi kavramların ele alınma biçimi incelenecektir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada divanda İsmâilî mezhebinin siyasal temsilcisi konumundaki Fatımî halifesi Mustansır Billâh’ın nasıl bir bakışla değerlendirildiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
- Published
- 2022
38. FATİMİ HALİFESİ EL-AMİR Bİ-AHKÂMU'LLAH'IN SİKKELERİNİN HAÇLILAR TARAFINDAN BASILMIŞ TAKLİTLERİ.
- Author
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UYKUR, Ramazan
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Ismāʿīlī Hierarchy - Ḥudūd al-Dīn - in the Context of Central Asia.
- Author
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Dagiev, Dagikhudo
- Subjects
- *
HOSTILITY , *RELIGIOUS leaders , *SUNNI Islam - Abstract
This paper endeavours to delve into how, despite the efforts made by Russian and Soviet scholars, before and during the Soviet era, many aspects of Ismailism are yet to be adequately studied within the context of Central Asia. One such aspect is the role of the religious leaders, specifically, the hierarchy of the religious authorities — the ḥudūd al-dīn — within the Ismaili ṭarīqa. The Ismaili hierarchy served as a tool in maintaining and providing advice on religious matters for the murīd s (followers) and on socio-political issues within the Ismaili community. However, due to the risk of being persecuted, the Ismaili religious leaders and religious authorities lived out of sight, compelled to hide their identity, and revealing their status to only a few representatives. By examining the scholarly findings of Wladimir Ivanow, Henry Corbin, Andrei Bertel's and Farhad Daftary, and with the help of important Ismaili manuscripts discovered in the Badakhshan region of Tajikistan during the Soviet era, this study will investigate how, particularly in Central Asia, the ḥudūd al-dīn were structured and how their role and function served the Ismaili community which lived amid the hostile milieu of the Sunni majority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. SİYASET VE TEOLOJİ: ORTAÇAĞ İSMAİLİ TEOLOJİSİNİN OLUŞMASINDA SİYASİ GELİŞMELERİN ROLÜ
- Author
-
Zahide Ay
- Subjects
şiilik ,i̇smaililik ,ortaçağ ,siyaset ,teoloji ,shiism ,ismailism ,medieval age ,politics and theology ,History of the arts ,NX440-632 - Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, teolojik kuralların oluşmasında siyasi gelişmelerin ne kadar belirleyici olduğuna, ortaçağ İsmaili teolojisinin oluşum örneği üzerinden dikkat çekmeye çalışmaktır. Bunu yaparken özellikle tarihsel yönteme ağırlık verilecek, teolojik meselelere sadece siyasal gelişmelerle ilgisi dolayısıyla değinilecektir. Bu çalışma hazırlanırken kullandığımız kaynaklar, başta Ümmü‟l-Kitab, İhvanu‟s-safâ risaleleri, Nasır-ı Hüsrev‘in Vech-i Din‘i.gibi bizzat İsmaili kaynakları olmak üzere, Taberi, Nizamülmülk, Cüveyni, Reşidüddin gibi önde gelen ortaçağ İslam yazarlarının eserlerinin yanı sıra, çoğunlukla W. Ivanow, Marshall Hodgson, Bernard Lewis, Wilfred Madelung, Farhad Daftary gibi modern İsmaili çalışmaları uzmanlarının araştırma eserleri olacaktır
- Published
- 2013
41. The Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’ Against the Abbasid State: Political Activities in relation to other States of their Time
- Author
-
Kacimi, Mourad
- Subjects
buyíes ,lcsh:CB3-482 ,lcsh:Islam ,Qarmatians ,política ,chiismo ,lcsh:History of Civilization ,cármatas ,ismailismo ,ijwān al-ṣafā’ ,politics ,Buyids ,Shiism ,Ismailism ,Ijwān al-ṣafā’ ,lcsh:BP1-253 ,Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’ - Abstract
This article studies the ideological identity of the authors of the Rasā’il Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’ and addresses the question of the authorship of the other works attributed to the Brethren of Purity (al-Risāla al-jāmi‘a and Jāmi‘at aljāmi‘a). Based on these theosophical works, it provides new evidence for the authors’ political stance against the Abbasid state and confirms their Shii inclination and opposition to the Abbasid caliphs of their time. These findings highlight the Ikhwān’s involvement in political activities through preaching the end of the “state of evil” (dawlat ahl al-sharr) and the beginning of the “state of good” (dawlat ahl al-khayr). It also contributes to the debate on the Ikhwān’s relation to other political opposition movements against the Abbasid reign and their links to the Shii states (Qarmatians, Buyids and Fatimids). En este artículo se investiga la identidad ideológica de los autores de las Rasā’il Ijwān al-ṣafā’ y cuestiona la posible autoría de las otras obras atribuidas a los Hermanos de la pureza (al-Risāla al-ŷāmi‘a, y la Ŷāmi‘at al-ŷāmi‘a). En base al texto de estas obras de carácter teosófico, se aportan nuevos datos que esclarecen la postura política de los autores en contra del estado abasí, y se precisa su tendencia chií en contra de los califas abasíes de su época. Estos nuevos datos señalan la implicación de los Ijwān al-ṣafā’ en la acción política a través de la predicación del fin del “estado del mal” (dawlat ahl al-šarr) y el comienzo del “estado del bien” (dawlat ahl al-jayr). Se analiza el debate surgido acerca la relación de los Ijwān al-ṣafā’ con diferentes corrientes políticas opositoras al régimen abasí, y su vínculo con estados chiíes (cármatas, buyíes y fatimíes).
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Muslim NGO and Regional Conflict : a case study of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, Tajikistan
- Subjects
Aga Khan Development Network ,旧野戦司令官 ,アーガー・ハーン開発ネットワーク ,former field commanders ,山岳バダフシャン自治州 ,Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province ,イスマーイール派 ,Ismailism - Abstract
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, located in the mountainous region of eastern Tajikistan, is one of a few regions in the world where the majority of residents is Ismailis, a sect of Shia Islam. In the course of the Tajik civil war in the 1990s, the authority of the field commanders who led the anti-government armed forces increased in the regional community, and its informal influence was maintained even after peace agreement in 1997. And in the economic turmoil in Gorno-Badakhshan caused by the civil war, Aga Khan Development Network, an international NGO led by Aga Khan IV, the Ismaili Imam (Supreme Leader), provided extensive humanitarian assistance. By continuing to provide development assistance after peace, it has had a great influence on the regional economy and society. In Tajikistan, where the political regime has been rapidly becoming authoritarian since the 2000s, Gorno-Badakhshan was the last remaining region where the central government cannot fully govern. The strengthening of rule by the central government and the reaction of the regional community led to a massive armed confrontation in Khorog, the provincial capital in 2012. In this article, I review the political situation since the 1990s in Gorno-Badakhshan, centering on the three-sided relationship between the central government, former field commanders, and Aga Khan. And then I would like to show the future prospects of the region that occupies strategically important positions bordering China and Afghanistan.
- Published
- 2020
43. Les chrétiens de Syrie
- Author
-
Heyberger, Bernard
- Subjects
Alawites ,China ,alaouites ,Christians ,féminisme islamique ,Chinese Muslims ,chrétiens ,Imamism ,homosexuality ,sunnisme ,REL084000 ,Islam ,imamisme ,Religion ,chiisme ,Islamic feminism ,gender ,Sunnism ,HRAM2 ,homosexualité ,musulmans chinois ,Shiism ,Ismailism ,ismaélisme - Abstract
La Syrie, une terre sainte chrétienne Il est nécessaire, pour commencer, de rappeler que les chrétiens de Syrie sont des autochtones, et non des descendants de croisés ou des convertis par les missionnaires occidentaux. La Syrie fait partie de la Terre sainte des chrétiens, puisque le christianisme est apparu dans la région. C’est une longue histoire. Commençons par les Actes des Apôtres. D’après ce récit, en l’an 37 de notre ère, saint Pierre vint prêcher à Antioche, la capitale de la Syrie ...
- Published
- 2022
44. Entre islam minoritaire et chiisme majoritaire, l’imamisme et sa construction dialectique
- Author
-
Terrier, Mathieu
- Subjects
Alawites ,China ,alaouites ,Christians ,féminisme islamique ,Chinese Muslims ,chrétiens ,Imamism ,homosexuality ,sunnisme ,REL084000 ,Islam ,imamisme ,Religion ,chiisme ,Islamic feminism ,gender ,Sunnism ,HRAM2 ,homosexualité ,musulmans chinois ,Shiism ,Ismailism ,ismaélisme - Abstract
L’imamisme ou chiisme duodécimain, aux douze imams, est aujourd’hui le courant majoritaire du chiisme et, de ce fait, la principale minorité de l’islam. Cette double position minoritaire-majoritaire est le fruit d’une évolution historique : l’imamisme a construit son identité doctrinale et sociale en relation avec le sunnisme d’un côté et les branches rivales du chiisme de l’autre. Je parlerai d’une construction dialectique au sens où elle a pour moteur la contradiction et son dépassement, ce...
- Published
- 2022
45. Histoire du chiisme ismaélien
- Author
-
Boivin, Michel
- Subjects
Alawites ,China ,alaouites ,Christians ,féminisme islamique ,Chinese Muslims ,chrétiens ,Imamism ,homosexuality ,sunnisme ,REL084000 ,Islam ,imamisme ,Religion ,chiisme ,Islamic feminism ,gender ,Sunnism ,HRAM2 ,homosexualité ,musulmans chinois ,Shiism ,Ismailism ,ismaélisme - Abstract
La branche du chiisme à laquelle je m’intéresse est une minorité dans la minorité, puisque les chiites sont minoritaires au sein des musulmans et les ismaéliens sont minoritaires au sein des chiites. Ces chiites ismaéliens, il faut savoir qu’ils sont, aujourd’hui, principalement implantés dans le sous-continent indien. Le terme même d’« ismaélien » s’applique à différentes communautés qui partagent partiellement une histoire commune, mais se distinguent par le fait qu’elles vénèrent des chefs...
- Published
- 2022
46. Des revendications de musulmanes au féminisme islamique
- Author
-
Weibel, Nadine
- Subjects
Alawites ,China ,alaouites ,Christians ,féminisme islamique ,Chinese Muslims ,chrétiens ,Imamism ,homosexuality ,sunnisme ,REL084000 ,Islam ,imamisme ,Religion ,chiisme ,Islamic feminism ,gender ,Sunnism ,HRAM2 ,homosexualité ,musulmans chinois ,Shiism ,Ismailism ,ismaélisme - Abstract
Cette contribution est l’occasion d’interroger un phénomène récurrent, un phénomène souvent pointé et peu compris, celui de musulmanes de plus en plus nombreuses qui se questionnent sur leur statut au sein même de leur religion. Si certaines revendications de ces femmes ne s’éloignent guère du cadre traditionnel, d’autres en revanche osent déconstruire ce dernier en allant jusqu’à s’autoproclamer « féministes ». L’utilisation d’expressions telles que « théologie féministe musulmane » ou « fém...
- Published
- 2022
47. Être musulman en Europe aujourd’hui
- Author
-
Göle, Nilüfer
- Subjects
Alawites ,China ,alaouites ,Christians ,féminisme islamique ,Chinese Muslims ,chrétiens ,Imamism ,homosexuality ,sunnisme ,REL084000 ,Islam ,imamisme ,Religion ,chiisme ,Islamic feminism ,gender ,Sunnism ,HRAM2 ,homosexualité ,musulmans chinois ,Shiism ,Ismailism ,ismaélisme - Abstract
La visibilité des musulmans en Europe La question centrale de cette contribution est la visibilité des musulmans. Le terme de visibilité est couramment employé aujourd’hui ; mais, au fond, on ne sait pas exactement de quoi il s’agit. D’abord, cette visibilité dérange certains. Qui dérange-t-elle ? Pendant l’enquête que j’ai menée dans plusieurs grandes villes européennes, les musulmans, à mon grand étonnement, se plaignaient de leur propre visibilité, c’est-à-dire de la manière dont ils étaie...
- Published
- 2022
48. Les musulmans chinois, une minorité confessionnelle dans une société multiethnique
- Author
-
Hille, Marie-Paule
- Subjects
Alawites ,China ,alaouites ,Christians ,féminisme islamique ,Chinese Muslims ,chrétiens ,Imamism ,homosexuality ,sunnisme ,REL084000 ,Islam ,imamisme ,Religion ,chiisme ,Islamic feminism ,gender ,Sunnism ,HRAM2 ,homosexualité ,musulmans chinois ,Shiism ,Ismailism ,ismaélisme - Abstract
Le cycle proposé par l’Institut d’études de l’Islam et des sociétés du monde musulman porte sur la notion de « minorité », déclinée en deux volets : « minorités en Islam » et « islam en minorité ». Dans le cas de l’islam chinois, ces deux propositions sont valables, elles correspondent chacune à une échelle d’analyse différente. Je commencerai par une réflexion assez générale sur l’expression « islam en minorité », l’enjeu n’étant pas tant de décrire la situation minoritaire de l’islam en Chi...
- Published
- 2022
49. Homoérotisme et homosexualités dans les sociétés arabes des âges prémodernes à l’ère contemporaine
- Author
-
Lagrange, Frédéric
- Subjects
Alawites ,China ,alaouites ,Christians ,féminisme islamique ,Chinese Muslims ,chrétiens ,Imamism ,homosexuality ,sunnisme ,REL084000 ,Islam ,imamisme ,Religion ,chiisme ,Islamic feminism ,gender ,Sunnism ,HRAM2 ,homosexualité ,musulmans chinois ,Shiism ,Ismailism ,ismaélisme - Abstract
Le fait que cette contribution soit proposée dans le cadre d’un cycle intitulé « minorités en islam, islam en minorité » oriente la réception de ma contribution et impose quelques précautions épistémologiques. Je ferai cinq remarques qui articuleront mon propos. Le concept de minorité D’une part, pour qu’il y ait minorité, il faut qu’il y ait majorité et sentiment, dans un groupe humain, de ne pas appartenir à cette majorité, de se sentir une communauté de culture ou de destin du fait de cett...
- Published
- 2022
50. Histoire et religion des alaouites de Syrie
- Author
-
Paoli, Bruno
- Subjects
Alawites ,China ,alaouites ,Christians ,féminisme islamique ,Chinese Muslims ,chrétiens ,Imamism ,homosexuality ,sunnisme ,REL084000 ,Islam ,imamisme ,Religion ,chiisme ,Islamic feminism ,gender ,Sunnism ,HRAM2 ,homosexualité ,musulmans chinois ,Shiism ,Ismailism ,ismaélisme - Abstract
La communauté alaouite de Syrie a été projetée sous les feux de l’actualité à l’occasion des dramatiques événements qui secouent le pays depuis 2011 : stigmatisée par certains en tant que communauté au pouvoir (car c’est d’elle que sont issus le président de la République, Bachar al-Assad, et nombre de dirigeants actuels), elle s’est retrouvée victimisée par d’autres, parce que ses membres appartiennent à la communauté du pouvoir, dont ils seraient non pas tant les complices que les otages. L...
- Published
- 2022
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