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The effect of illumination energy on the electrical parameters of a monocrystalline silicon solar module was investigated and results used to reveal the effective spectrum which can help in generating the optimum power and photovoltaic effect. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the device were measured under different illumination energies. Results showed that the ideality factor (n), series resistance (Rs) and saturation current (Io) are mostly dependent on the illumination energy, while the shunt resistance (Rsh) and photocurrent (Iph) are illumination intensity-dependent. The increase in illumination energy led to decrease in the series resistance but increase in the saturation current and ideality factor. On the other hand, the increase in illumination intensity resulted in increasing the shunt resistance and open circuit voltage. The study is important to understand the effective solar spectrum in producing the optimum photovoltaic performance, which can be also useful to interpret the photodetectors and photodiodes response to a specific spectrum.

In this work, the physical properties of calcium lithium borate glasses are investigated upon the inclusion of Cu+2 ion dopant. UV–Vis–NIR, photoluminescence, FTIR, and XRD techniques were, respectively, used in this study. From the optical absorption response of the samples, direct and indirect energy band gaps were calculated and they were found to be in the ranges of 3.57–3.28 eV and 3.78–3.6 eV, respectively. Results showed that the refractive index was increased from 2.258 to 2.326 with the increase in Cu2O concentration. Also, three main emission bands were observed in the luminescence spectra at around 399, 483, and 575 nm, which are correlated with the change in the copper concentration. Results of the FTIR spectroscopy showed various peaks in the ranges of 1383–1415 cm−1 and 1062–1076 cm−1, which can be attributed to the trigonal and tetrahedral stretching vibrations of BO3 and BO4 units.

In this work, the effect of ZnO co-dopant on the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Cu2O-doped calcium lithium borate glass was studied while the fabricated samples were irradiated with various radiation sources, namely gamma ray, 6 MeV electron and 6 MeV X-ray. Results showed that the addition of ZnO has led to the enhanced TL intensity and sensitivity by a factor of 4 and 3, respectively. This can be of special interest in incidental dosimetry; a linear response was obtained with all the beams. The thermal fading property was reduced by a factor 3, while the minimum detectable dose of the new dosimeter was 2.28 μGy. It was concluded that this dosimeter can be useful for personal, environmental, and medical radiation therapy applications.