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Abstract A novel series of 2-cyano-3-(pyrazol-4-yl)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)acrylamide derivatives (3a–f) were synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation and characterized using various spectral tools. The weak nuclease activity of compounds (3a–f) against pBR322 plasmid DNA was greatly enhanced by irradiation at 365 nm. Compounds 3b and 3c, incorporating thienyl and pyridyl moieties, respectively, exhibited the utmost nuclease activity in degrading pBR322 plasmid DNA through singlet oxygen and superoxide free radicals’ species. Furthermore, compounds 3b and 3c affinities towards calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis. They revealed good binding characteristics towards CT-DNA with Kb values of 6.68 × 104 M−1 and 1.19 × 104 M−1 for 3b and 3c, respectively. In addition, compounds 3b and 3c ability to release free radicals on radiation were targeted to be used as cytotoxic compounds in vitro for colon (HCT116) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. A significant reduction in the cell viability on illumination at 365 nm was observed, with IC50 values of 23 and 25 µM against HCT116 cells, and 30 and 9 µM against MDA-MB-231 cells for compounds 3b and 3c, respectively. In conclusion, compounds 3b and 3c exhibited remarkable DNA cleavage and cytotoxic activity on illumination at 365 nm which might be associated with free radicals’ production in addition to having a good affinity for interacting with CT-DNA and BSA. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) poses a formidable challenge in treatment due to the distinct anatomical structure and functional properties of the calcaneus. The present study endeavors to furnish a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies, and therapeutic outcomes pertaining to pediatric calcaneal osteomyelitis (PCO) by conducting a meticulous synthesis and analysis of cases reported in the literature. Methods A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify English-language studies analyzing PCO between 2000 and 2021. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment scale. Effective data were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 42 studies, encompassing 128 patients, fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. The gender distribution revealed a male-to-female ratio of 2:1 (81 boys and 40 girls). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 8 years, while the median duration of symptoms was 0.6 month. Trauma emerged as the primary etiology (41 cases, 54%), and limited activity was the most prevalent symptom (68 cases). The positive rate for pathogen culture was 75.4% (49/65), with Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly isolated pathogen (28 cases, 57.1%). Surgical intervention was performed in 51% (64/126) of the patients, with debridement serving as the primary surgical strategy. The rate of infection recurrence was 6.8% (8/118), and the risk of below-knee amputation was 0.8% (1/124). Conclusions PCO occurred more frequently in male patients, with trauma being the primary underlying cause and Staphylococcus aureus being the most prevalent bacterial pathogen isolated. Over half of the patients underwent surgical intervention. Nonetheless, it is imperative that treatment strategies undergo further refinement, as approximately 7% of patients experienced infection recurrence.

We explore here, through reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics simulations, oleic acid upgrading on beta zeolite (BEA) regulated with nine silica-to-aluminium ratios (SARs) to investigate their acid-catalyzed deoxygenation and coking susceptibility. The selected computational descriptors involved conversion, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarboxylation/decarbonylation selectivity, biofuels yield, and coke deposition characteristics. Simulations were validated by 20.3 SAR available experimental data and used for the systematic study. High deoxygenation selectivity was found to be related to the structural sensitivity of BEA(100) on the upgrading mechanism. ReaxFF simulations revealed that altering the Al-substitution could greatly promote biofuel formation. Specifically, SARs towards the mid-region (SAR 47) favored gasoline production, while 31 SAR exploited diesel-like hydrocarbons. An optimum ratio of 37.4 SAR achieved maximum oleic acid conversion (69.8%), with high yields of gasoline and diesel fuels (15.6 and 20.4 wt%, respectively) and moderate coking (8.6 wt%). Density functional theory screening of metallic dopants allowed investigating of their deoxygenation and coke susceptibility, obtaining that Cu-BEA structure favored the optimal carbon and O moiety adsorption (-3.89 and -1.8 eV, respectively). Furthermore, the economic and environmental analysis showed that Cu-dopped BEA displayed the lowest market price and global warming potential (71 USD/kg and 2.8 kg CO2-eq/kg).

Abstract 2D graphene oxide (GO) membranes are gaining prominence for water reclamation from oily wastewater. Unresolved challenges include low membrane permeance from tight sheets and fouling during separation. In this work, a bioinspired Arabic gum (AG) was used as an intercalated agent with the help of glutaraldehyde to improve the GO membranes’ permeation and fouling resistance. The 2D-laminated separating layer is crafted through a self-assembling innovative approach utilizing pressurized dead-end assembly. The Arabic gum intercalated graphene oxide-modified ceramic membrane (AGIGO-CM) appeared superhydrophilic and underwater (UW) superoleophobic with a UW oil contact angle (UWOCA) of 156.1 ± 1.2°. The membrane prepared with 1 mg of AGIGO (AGIGO-1-CM) offers a flux of 17 times higher than pristine graphene oxide (p-GO) while maintaining a separation efficiency of >99% during the separation of the oil-in-water emulsions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed AG intercalation expanding the interlayer distance by up to 20 Å, with AGIGO having a higher fractional free volume (FFV) of 0.986 compared to p-GO’s 0.599. AGIGO-CM displayed lower interfacial formation energy (EIFE) of −1865.2 kcal/mol versus −765.5 kcal/mol for p-GO, indicating easier separation. It is further supported by the substantial interfacial thickness of 148 Å for AGIGO-CM compared to 53.0 Å for the p-GO membranes. AGIGO-CM showed minimal fouling, retaining >99% separation efficiency for 6 h. Compared to p-GO-CM, AGIGO-CM flux decreased by only 17.84% versus 44.72%. AGIGO-CM exhibited stability even in acidic and basic environments, showcasing its potential for high performance.

Africa remains a battlefield for the emergence and re-emergence of deadly aetiologies including the Lassa fever virus from 1969, Monkey pox (mpox) virus from 1970, and Ebola virus from 1976 till date, among others. With the recent index case of mpox following rapid spread from Africa to different continents, a critical appraisal of the disease to x-ray its dynamics in Africa is warranted. This study integrated a mix of scoping and systematic reviews to converse the epidemiology and biosecurity/environmental issues from one health perspective. Our scoping review used major scientific databases based on their relevance and reliability, while the PROSPERO-registered systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Phylogeny analysis was performed to compare recent outbreaks of mpox with the existing genotypic information. The genetic analysis focused on the H3L gene that codes for envelope proteins involved in viral attachment. Transmission of mpox virus was reported mainly in four routes. Animals implicated include monkeys, squirrels, and pigs. Risk factors include age, gender, occupation, climate, travel, political instability, and vaccination status. Different circulating strains were reported with eight-point mutations found to occur in Africa. Observed clustering within the predominant West African (WA) clade and the recent outbreak strains corroborate the reports of WA clade in other non-African and non-endemic countries. Viral adaptation in the WA clade enhanced person-to-person transmissibility, spreading to over 100 countries. Hence, there is need to address Mpox host-associated physiological and biochemical changes, the development of Mpox virus-specific diagnostic kits and vaccines, and studies on the disease's socio-ecological, economic and psychological consequences.

This paper critically examines the effect of environmental and social disclosures on the financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The study is crucial as it describes the level of environmental and social disclosures impact on companies' performance. This study uses environmental and social disclosures as independent variables while Returns on Assets (ROA) as a proxy for financial performance. The study formulates two hypotheses to guide the study and uses a panel regression model in testing the statistical parameter estimates. Ex Post Facto design was adopted and data were collected from the NSE Factbook and published financial statements of the oil and gas companies listed in the NSE with data ranging from 2010-2019. The findings of the study show that corporate environmental and social disclosures have a significant impact on companies' performance at a 5% significant level. Because of this, the study concludes that environmental and social disclosures have improved companies' performance over the years. The study also recommends that companies should have an optimistic outlook regarding environmental and social friendly services and also disclose more of such information in their financial statements as over the years the degree of disclosures of these information has exercised considerable impact on companies' financial performance.

Smart transportation systems implemented through vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) offer significant potential to improve safety. However, the network faces critical challenges related to security, as well as inadequate spectrum sensing and management. To address these issues, researchers have utilized cognitive radio and machine learning technologies. Although, previous survey studies have provided a valuable foundation for understanding the use of cognitive radio in VANET, not all have systematically investigated its impact on mitigating spectrum sensing and management issues or the role of machine learning in supporting cognitive radio functionality. Furthermore, the effects of security issues on both VANET and cognitive radio enhanced VANET have not been consistently examined. This survey aims to systematically review the application of cognitive radio and machine learning approaches to address the identified challenges in smart transportation networks, offering valuable research opportunities for future investigations. The paper extensively explores state-of-the-art approaches and focuses on: (1) Assessing the impact of cognitive radio and machine learning on spectrum sensing and management in smart transportation networks and (2) Evaluating the impact of security issues on both VANET and cognitive radio enhanced VANET.

Shaimaa Nasr Amin,1,2 Gehan El-Akabawy,3– 5 Layth Baker Saleh,6 Alhawraa Salem Sulaiman,6 Abdulfattah Ahmed Alsharif,6 Mohammed Ahmed Qamoum,6 Mohammad Basheer Fahmawi,6 Alaa Al-Matrouk,6 Hana Taha,7– 9 Ahmed A Ismail10,11 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan; 2Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; 4Centre of Medical and Bioallied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; 5Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; 6House Officer, Medical Graduates Training Program, Jordan Medical Council, Amman, Jordan; 7Department of Pharmacology, Public Health and Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan; 8Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 9Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; 10Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt; 11Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeks, KS, USACorrespondence: Shaimaa Nasr Amin, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, the Hashemite University, PO Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan, Tel +962770507906, Email shaimaa@hu.edu.joPurpose: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder with negative impacts on brain functions. Social cognition and vicarious experience impairments are features of DM. This research aimed to estimate the social cognition and vicarious experience among Jordanian people with diabetes.Patients and Methods: Cognitive abilities were assessed using the Vicarious Pain Questionnaire (VPQ) and the Mirror Touch Questionnaire (MTQ). Data on disease history, medications, routine laboratory measurements, and anthropometric indices.Results: Patients had lower pain responses and intensity scores, and higher unpleasantness scores than the control group (p < 0.05). Most of the VPQ and MTQ measures were mainly impaired among study participants who had higher education, were not practicing exercises, and were not consuming healthy diets (p < 0.05). The number of responses to the VPQ and average pain intensity were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with both the serum aminotransferase (AST) concentration and the serum urea concentration (p < 0.05). The average unpleasantness score was positively correlated with the duration of therapy, serum creatinine, and albumin concentrations (p < 0.05). The final regression models for the number of pain responses and localized–generalized included group, practicing exercise, and AST, while the model for the average pain intensity included only the grouping variable. The model for average unpleasantness included grouping, AST, Albumin, consuming a healthy diet, and duration of therapy.Conclusion: The Jordanian diabetic patients who participated in the study had impaired social cognition and vicarious experience. A healthy lifestyle had a significant effect on the scores of the vicarious experience in addition to the level of education. Despite being the first study in Jordan to assess vicarious experience in DM, further studies are needed considering imaging and electrophysiological workup. Besides, further prospective studies are needed to determine the significance of the current study.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, social cognition, vicarious experience

Abstract The landscape of cancer survivorship is increasingly populated by individuals facing a spectrum of cardiometabolic risks, attributed to both their oncological history and treatment regimens. This manuscript synthesizes findings from various studies, highlighting the prevalence of traditional risk factors—hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes—as well as emergent concerns like obesity and metabolic syndrome among survivors. The impact of demographic variables, specific cancer types, and treatment modalities on cardiometabolic health is explored. Through a lens of multidisciplinary management and future research directives, we advocate for an integrative approach to cardiometabolic health in cancer survivors, aiming to ensure their victory over cancer extends into long-term well-being. Furthermore, we discuss the outcome implications of these cardiometabolic risk factors on cardiovascular disease development, future cardiovascular events, and overall survival, supported by studies showing improved outcomes through exercise and risk factor control.

Abstract Diverse applications and tremendous usefulness of siliciclastic sedimentary sands make investigation into their mechanics of behaviour very essential globally. This study examines the convergence or otherwise of the specimens in compression; physical, fabric, chemical and mineralogical characteristics and their relationships with compression behaviour; shape characteristics, possible particle breakage and their overall effect on the behaviour of siliciclastic sedimentary sands obtained from two locations. The findings are as follows; (a) Siliciclastic sedimentary sands are poorly graded and coarse in nature. (b) The fabrics are characterized by aggregation of sub rounded particles and smaller particles tend to combine with fines to form coatings around bigger particles. (c) Chemical compositions are predominantly silica and alumina and heamatite are significant. (d) Quartz dominates the mineralogy and the other minerals are muscovite, albite, orthoclase and chlorite. (e) The samples have convergent behaviour and the compressibility is not significantly different but lower than the related materials. (f) The original particle is sub round in shape and the particles become sub angular after the test with no relationship between particle shape and compression behaviour. (g) The particle breakage is linked to coarser nature of the specimens and the overall effect of particle breakage on the compression behaviour of siliciclastic sedimentary sand is small.

Purpose – The study investigates the effect of behavioural uncertainty on the environmental sustainability of restaurant businesses in Tanzania. Also, the study examines the moderating role of purchasing technical knowledge on the main relationship between the study variables. Design/methodology/approach – The quantitative approach was used and cross-sectional data were collected at a specific time from restaurant businesses in Dodoma, Tanzania. The PROCESS macro was used to analyse the relationships between behavioural uncertainty, purchasing technical knowledge and environmental sustainability. Findings – Behavioural uncertainty has a significant and negative effect on the environmental sustainability of restaurant businesses. Purchasing technical knowledge, on the other hand, has a positive and significant effect on the environmental sustainability of restaurant businesses. Finally, purchasing technical knowledge has a positive and significant moderating effect on the relationship between behavioural uncertainty and environmental sustainability such that the negative effect of behavioural uncertainty is reduced with increasing purchasing technical knowledge. Research limitations/implications – This study considers purchasing skills in terms of purchasing technical knowledge as a moderating variable; hence, other studies may take into account other moderating variables to extend this study. Also, the study considered only environmental sustainability and hence is limited in terms of other dimensions of sustainability and provide an avenue for further research in social and economic sustainability. Practical implications – Since purchasing technical knowledge reduces the negative effect of behavioural uncertainty on the relationship with environmental sustainability, restaurant managers should be encouraged to improve their purchasing technical knowledge by attending short- and long-term training on purchasing functions in the restaurant industry. Social implications – The social implications of the investigated link between behavioural uncertainty, purchasing technical knowledge and environmental sustainability in the restaurant industry include raising awareness, promoting sustainable practises and fostering an environmentally responsible culture. By addressing behavioural uncertainty, leveraging purchasing technical knowledge and embracing sustainability the industry can contribute to a more environmentally conscious society. Originality/value – By providing empirical evidence from Tanzania, the study extends literature on examining the environmental sustainability of restaurant businesses. The study also establishes the interaction effect of purchasing technical knowledge as an important skill in reducing the negative effect of behavioural uncertainty on enhancing environmental sustainability in restaurant businesses.

Background: The discipline of surgery has become an increasingly less attractive medical specialization for medical students in Saudi Arabia. There has been growing worry over the last decade regarding the reduction in the number of medical students who wish to pursue a career in surgery. This trend has been attributed to various factors that include lifestyle, income, and gender. For the new generation, lifestyle issues and family considerations have become increasingly significant. In addition, there are fewer female role models in surgery for the ever-increasing number of female medical students. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the popularity of surgery among the medical students at Jazan University in Saudi Arabia, as well as the factors that influence their decision. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, from November 2021 to March 2022. The study population comprised 407 medical students enrolled in Jazan University. Data were collected using a self-administered online survey, distributed via students’ E-mail addresses, and shared across various social media platforms to ensure maximum participation. The survey was designed to gather comprehensive information on students’ demographics, including age, gender, academic year, and parental background. In addition, Likert scale questions were included to assess students’ opinions on various factors influencing their preference for a surgical career, particularly about their father’s and mother’s profession. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 23) by IBM Inc. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the demographic characteristics of the participants and the distribution of responses to Likert scale questions. Results: The study’s findings revealed that multiple factors play a significant role in shaping the popularity of surgery among medical students. Notably, personal traits emerged as influential factors affecting students’ decision pursuing a career in surgery. In addition, gender was found to have a pronounced impact, with differences observed in the inclination toward surgery between male and female students. Furthermore, the place of residence was identified as another contributing factor influencing students’ preferences for a surgical career. Conclusions: The popularity of the surgical career in Saudi Arabia depends on the factors that discourage or encourage the students to choose the career. Thus, enhanced student awareness is required to meet the required workforce in surgical specialties.

A new amphipod species belonging to the genus Gammarus was identified in the rivers of the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye: G. sezgini sp. nov. The authors described the new species using a taxonomic approach that combines morphological and molecular data. The newly identified species belongs to the G. komareki species complex because of the setation of antenna 2, pereopods 3 and 4, and the uropod 3. Some of its characteristic features are as follows: A medium-large species (holotype male, 9.8 mm). The body is yellowish; no dorsal keel or hump; eyes well developed, kidney-shaped; extremities not elongated; the second antenna bears numerous groups of long setae on the peduncle and flagellar segments; antennal gland cone long, not curved; the posterior margin of pereopod 3 is densely setose; the setae on the posterior edge of pereopod 4 are shorter and fewer in number; the anterior margins of pereopods 5 to 7 bear spines in the male; epimeral plates are not pointed. The newly identified species looks similar to G. komareki but differs from it by having a longer antennal gland cone, having fewer D-setae (33) in the third segment of the mandible palp, having shorter setae on the ventral part of the peduncular segment of the antenna 2, and having longer antenna 1, having fewer setae along the posterior margins of pereopods 3 and 4, and the absence of setae along the anterior margins of merus and carpus of pereopod 7. The new species is distinct from its relatives by high genetic distance (COI: 17.10% and 28S: 0.88%) and was resolved from them as an independent lineage with high support (ML: 78%, NJ: 70%, and BI: 1.0) in all phylogenetic results, based on the concatenated dataset (28S+COI). Additionally, species delimitation analyses (ASAP and PTP) based on the COI gene supported the conclusion that the new species constitutes an independent lineage. Detailed descriptions and drawings of the male holotype and the female allotype are given, and the morphology of the newly identified species is compared with that of its relatives.

Abstract The inhibition effect of symmetrical Ball − type Zinc Phthalocyanine on Aluminum in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid was analyzed by electrochemical techniques. A novel ball-type zinc phthalocyanine (Zn-Pc) inhibitor has been synthesized and verified utilizing FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR), MALDI-TOF MS, and absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis). In addition, laser-induced breakdown and photoluminescence spectroscopy were employed for additional study. Weight loss technique was employed to investigate the corrosion inhibition effectiveness of the synthesized Zn-Pc on Aluminum in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid at the range of variation temperatures (293–333 K). The inhibition efficiency of Zn-Pc increased with higher concentrations of Zn-Pc and decreased as the temperature increased. Furthermore, Zn-Pc demonstrated outstanding outcomes, achieving 72.9% at a very low inhibitor concentration (0.4 mmol/L) at 298 K. The experimental data for Zn-Pc Aluminum in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Moreover, the corrosion system’s thermodynamic parameters and activation energy were determined. Quantum chemical calculations applying the (DFT) Density Functional Theory method was conducted and applied in this study. These calculations played a pivotal role in elucidating molecular structures and reactivity patterns. Through DFT, numerous reactivity indicators were computed, providing valuable insights into the chemical behavior of the studied compounds. These indicators, such as frontier molecular orbitals, electron density, and molecular electrostatic potential, were subsequently correlated with experimental data.

Shaimaa Nasr Amin,1,2 Gehan El-Akabawy,3– 5 Mohammad Adel Abuqasem,6 Asem Abdullah AL-Rawashdeh,6 Maram Mohamed Ayyad,6 Ahmad Khalid Ibrahim,6 Ali Mohammad AlShawagfeih,6 Sara Khaled Ebdah,6 Rana Jassem AlHajri,6 Ahmed A Ismail7,8 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan; 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; 4Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; 5Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; 6House Officer, Medical Graduates Training Program, Jordan Medical Council, Amman, Jordan; 7Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; 8Department of Health and Environment, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa, KS, USACorrespondence: Shaimaa Nasr Amin, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan, Tel +962770507906, Email shaimaa@hu.edu.joPurpose: Cognitive flexibility is a mental ability that aids in smoothly alternating between them tasks in the brain. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a, common disorder that has been associated with impairments in cognitive functions. This research is a retrospective case-control study aimed at establishing a clear relationship between cognitive flexibility and diabetes among Jordanians, considering demographic, anthropometric, and therapeutic variables.Patients and Methods: The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)-64 item and the Trail Making Test (TMT) assessed cognitive flexibility in 268 people with diabetes and healthy control. Demographic, therapeutic data were collected. We also measured waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI). As the variables were non-normally distributed, non-parametric statistical tests were used to examine differences (Kruskal–Wallis) and correlation (Spearman) between variables.Results: The patient group did worse on the WCST In contrast to the control group, patients exhibited more significant delays for both Part A and Part B of the TMT (p< 0.05). Males had higher WCST conceptual level responses than females. In addition, participants with professional jobs showed less delay in TMT Part A (p< 0.05). Age was positively correlated with WCST’s total errors and TMT’s Parts A and B (p< 0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with the WCST’s conceptual level of responses and positively correlated with TMT’s Part B (p< 0.05). In addition, urea and albumin levels were positively correlated with TMT’s Part A (p< 0.05). Furthermore, creatinine was positively correlated with WCST’s total errors and TMT’s Part A (p< 0.05).Conclusion: Some measures of cognitive flexibility are associated with DM status in the studied sample of Jordanians and other variables (educational levels, occupation, lifestyle, average duration of illness, and age).Keywords: cognitive flexibility, diabetes mellitus, Jordan, Wisconsin card sorting test, trail making test

In the study, we aimed to evaluate the Turkish adaptation of the leisure motivation scale (LMS-A) for adolescents participating in recreational physical activities. We collected data from 331 people determined by the convenience sampling method, and conducted its Turkish adaptation with three different test phases after we performed Turkish language co-validation of the scale. Firstly, we determined the univariate and multivariate normality levels of the data. In the second stage we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the contextuality of the scale and in the third stage we utilized two types of construct validity, convergent and discriminant to evaluate the validity of the scale. The results revealed that the original structure of the scale fits well in the correlated factors model and best fit the data collected from the Turkish population. These results suggest that the leisure motivation scale could be a valid and reliable measurement tool for adolescents participating in recreational physical activities in Türkiye.

ÖZ:Bu çalışma, Mısır’daki muhalif hareketin öncülerinden Ya‘kûb Sannû‘nun (1839-1912) Avrupa’da yürüttüğü II. Abdülhamid sözcülüğüne odaklanıyor. Amaç Yahudi bir aktivistin Sultan ile bağını, bürokrasideki hizipleşmeler, Osmanlı hariciye politikaları ve diplomatik süreçler üzerinden anlamaya çalışmaktır. Sannû‘nun Padişah ile görüşmeye başladığı 1891’den II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanına (1908) kadar geçen süre, çalışmanın sınırlılığında belirleyici olmuştur. Ya‘kûb Sannû‘ Mısır’ın İtalyan kökenli Yahudi bir ailesine mensuptur. 1878’de Hidiv İsmail’e yönelttiği eleştiriler, Mısır’dan kovulup Paris’e yerleşmesi ile sonuçlanır. Avrupalı aydın ve siyasiler ile kurduğu temaslar sayesinde Osmanlı Padişah’ı nazarında itibar görür ve uzun yıllar Hazine-i Hassa’dan ödeme alır. Huzura çıktığı 1891 Haziran’ından itibaren Avrupa kamuoyunda Padişah’ın hasarlı imajını düzeltmeye çalışır. Yazı ve söylemleri her ne kadar “Sultan methiyesi” üzerine kurgulanmış olsa da esasında Mısır’ı işgal eden İngilizlere karşı pan-İslamizm siyasetini kullanışlı görmektedir. Kuzey Afrika Müslümanlarına Fransa’yı yüceltir, Sultan huzurunda ise Osmanlı kimliğine bürünür. İngilizlere karşı Osmanlı-Fransız yakınlaşması için çabalasa da bu politikası başarıya ulaşmaz. İttihat ve Terakki yönetimine yanaşmaya çalışır ancak itibar göremeyince aktif siyasetten çekilir. Sannû‘üzerine literatürün pek çoğu onun edebi birikimine eğilirken, politik tutumları üzerine çalışmalar sayıca daha azdır. Sultan ile görüşmeleri tamamıyla Sannû‘nun Fransa dönüşü demeçlerine dayandırılırken, İstanbul nazarındaki yerine ilişkin pek anlatı sunulmaz. Oysa Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivlerindeki Paris Sefareti yazışmaları, gezi ve seyahatlerinin betimlendiği gazete ve kitapçıklar onun İstanbul ile olan rabıtasını detaylandırmaktadır. ABSTRACT:This study focuses on Ya‘kûb Sannû‘ (1839-1912), one of the pioneers of the opposition in Egypt, who acted as Abdulhamid II’s Spokesman in Europe. The study aims to understand the bond of a Jewish activist with the Sultan through schisms in the bureaucracy, Ottoman foreign policies, and diplomatic processes. The study is limited with a time span form 1891, when Sannû‘ started meeting the Sultan to 1908, the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy. Ya‘kûb Sannû‘ belonged to an Egyptian Jewish family of Italian origin. His criticisms for Khedive Ismail in 1878 resulted in his being expelled from Egypt and settling in Paris. Thanks to his contacts with European intellectuals and politicians, he was respected by the Ottoman sultan and received payments from the Treasury for many years. He had tried to repair the damaged image of the sultan in Europe since June 1891, when he first appeared in the court. Although his writings and discourses praise the Sultan, he actually used Pan-Islamism politics against the British who occupied Egypt. He spoke to the Sultan as if he had been a real Ottoman. Although he strived for Ottoman-French rapprochement against the British, he did not succeed. He sought to approach the CUP, but could not gain respect, so he withdrew from active politics. Most of the literature on Sannû focuses on his literary knowledge, studies on his political attitudes are fewer. His meetings with the Sultan are based entirely on Sannû‘s statements after his return from France. Not much is presented about his place in the eyes of Istanbul. However, Paris Embassy correspondences in the Presidential Ottoman Archives, newspapers and booklets describing his trips and travels detail his connection with Istanbul.

The importance of site selection for road transportation management and emergency services has been underscored, particularly in the wake of the global Covid-19 pandemic in addition to road accident injuries, which emphasized the need for swift patient, injured and wounded peoples transfer to hospitals. As a result, comprehensive road transportation management is essential during crises to ensure the safety and convenience of road users. To achieve effective road network management, a robust database is imperative. The aim of this study is to employ multi-criteria decision analysis with the aid of Geographical Information System (GIS) technology and remote sensing for the optimization of site selection for traffic signals, fire stations, and emergency services in Kafr El-Sheikh city, Egypt. The methodology incorporates two different methods which are Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) and the spline transformation method. The integration of Fuzzy set theory with AHP principles has given rise to a variant of AHP known as F-AHP. F-AHP combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. Fuzzy logic handles situations that are vague or poorly defined by assigning numerical values. Through the F-AHP approach, criteria that decision-makers unanimously deem “absolutely not important” in comparison to others are eliminated, allowing them to focus on the most significant criteria. As a case study, an Egyptian city was selected to apply these techniques. The results revealed multiple sites that were identified and selected through the applied analytical methods. These selected sites were also marked on the city map and verified in reality.

Abstract Alkali Activated Slag Concrete (AASC) has been a sustained research activity over the past two decades. Its promising characteristics and being environmentally friendly compared to Ordinary Portland Cement made AASC of exceptional interest. However, there is still no firm mix design, for the AASC, that can provide desirable fresh and hardened properties based on the composition of the binder and activator. This research specifically aims to investigate the affecting parameters on the slump and compressive strength of alkali-activated slag/lime-based concrete and provide a better understanding of the potential reasons for these characteristics. The experimental program consisted of two stages; the first stage studied the effect of different binder and activator compositions, and the second stage studied the water-to-binder ratio and binder content effects on the slump and compressive strength of alkali-activated slag/lime-based concrete. The binder and activator compositions were defined through two main parameters, the hybrid factor (HF = CaO/Si2O + Al2O3) and the solution modulus (Ms = SiO2/Na2O). The compressive strength, initial slump, and slump loss were measured to evaluate the different mixes and specify the optimum range of compositions. Based on the studied parameters, the effective range to achieve desirable slump and concrete compressive strength is from HF 0.6 up to 0.8 at Ms 1.5, this would achieve a compressive strength of more than 30 MPa and a slump of 100 mm after 90 min.

Despite most COVID-19 infections being asymptomatic, mainland China had a high increase in symptomatic cases at the end of 2022. In this study, we examine China's sudden COVID-19 symptomatic surge using a conceptual SIR-based model. Our model considers the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, particularly variolation, from non-pharmaceutical intervention (facial masking and social distance), demography, and disease mortality in mainland China. The increase in symptomatic proportions in China may be attributable to (1) higher sensitivity and vulnerability during winter and (2) enhanced viral inhalation due to spikes in SARS-CoV-2 infections (high transmissibility). These two reasons could explain China's high symptomatic proportion of COVID-19 in December 2022. Our study, therefore, can serve as a decision-support tool to enhance SARS-CoV-2 prevention and control efforts. Thus, we highlight that facemask-induced variolation could potentially reduces transmissibility rather than severity in infected individuals. However, further investigation is required to understand the variolation effect on disease severity.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl and dorsal penile nerve block for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Patients and methods: A prospective single-center study included 80 patients amenable to IPP. Patients were divided equally into two groups. Group I included 40 patients who were managed with spinal anesthesia with intrathecal fentanyl before undergoing IPP. Group II comprised 40 patients who received spinal anesthesia with dorsal penile block before IPP. Study groups were compared regarding postoperative VAS (Visual Analog Scale) scores, total narcotics consumption, patient satisfaction levels, and perioperative complications. Results: The study groups were comparable regarding baseline patients’ criteria. The operative time was comparable between the study groups, with group I and group II having respective median times of 64 minutes (interquartile range: 55-78) and 67 minutes (interquartile range: 56-81) (p = 0.65). Additionally, both groups demonstrated similar distributions in IPP implant cylinder and reservoir size (p = 0.9). Postoperative pain was higher in group I, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Eight patients in group I (20%) called the physician’s office asking for pain medication, compared to two patients in group II (5%) (p = 0.04). 85% of patients in group II were highly satisfied compared to 50 % in group I (p = 0.003). We reported a 5% complication rate in group I compared to 2.5% in group II (p = 0.6). Conclusions: The present study found that the dorsal penile nerve block offers superior postoperative pain control and patient satisfaction compared to intrathecal fentanyl for patients undergoing inflatable penile prosthesis insertion.

Key Clinical Message Anderson‐Fabry disease, a rare X‐linked lysosomal disorder, and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) Type II, an autosomal recessive condition, both have distinct inheritance patterns. Their co‐occurrence is extremely rare, never been reported before. Therefore, screening is crucial for early management, and families should seek genetic counseling for children showing unusual presentations. Abstract Anderson‐Fabry disease (AFD) is a rare condition, characterized by a lysosomal storage disorder affecting lipid storage. It manifests in two forms: classic (early‐onset) and nonclassic (late‐onset). Conversely, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is a rare blood disorder caused by ineffective erythropoiesis, which results in the production of abnormal erythroblasts during the maturation of red blood cells, with CDA type II being the most frequent type. Both disorders have well‐understood pathophysiologies, yet they are genetically distinct. AFD is inherited in an X‐linked manner, whereas CDA type II follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Although both AFD and CDA type II have been reported separately in the literature. The co‐existence for both AFD and CDA type II has not been reported. We describe a 10‐year‐old boy, with both which is believed to be the first documented case.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent mental condition characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions), significantly disrupting daily functioning and social interactions. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) presents a promising non-invasive treatment modality aimed at alleviating symptoms. However, the evidence regarding its effectiveness remains inconclusive. This study seeks to address this gap by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials, offering improved guidance for clinical intervention. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented across multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. This search focused strictly on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 147 patients. These trials evaluated the efficacy of tDCS in OCD patients. Subsequent data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and statistical analysis using Review Manager software revealed the potential efficacy of tDCS in reducing OCD symptoms. The meta-analysis not only fails to demonstrate significant superiority of active tDCS over sham tDCS but also suggests that sham tDCS may be more effective than active tDCS in reducing OCD symptoms. This finding diminishes the promise of tDCS as an effective treatment for OCD. Larger trials are warranted to further elucidate these findings.

This study aimed to analyze the habitat suitability of the endangered Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) on Borneo using a multi-machine-learning approach. This study integrated physical, vegetational, meteorological, and human activity data to develop a comprehensive habitat suitability model. Four machine-learning algorithms, namely, maximum entropy (MaxEnt), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), gradient tree boosting (GTB), and classification and regression trees (CART), were employed to model the habitat suitability index. A total of 1943 sample points were divided into training (70 %) and validation (30 %) sets for the analysis. This study included three main stages: geospatial database creation, spatial habitat modeling using multi-machine-learning algorithms, and habitat suitability evaluation. In addition, the pressure from human development on the habitat suitability index model was analyzed. This study identified a high level of suitability for Proboscis monkey habitats in nearshore areas. The maximum habitat suitability for Proboscis monkeys was observed to be 11.54 %, as evidenced by the consensus of the MaxEnt value and four machine-learning algorithms. Conversely, the minimum habitat suitability was recorded at 13.27 %, as indicated by disagreement among all algorithms. The AUC values for the machine-learning models ranged from 74 % to 90 %, indicating moderate to high predictive performance. This study provides valuable insights for the formulation of well-planned development programs for Proboscis monkeys. The results of this study will contribute to the accurate identification of potential Proboscis monkey habitats, thereby providing support for conservation efforts aimed at safeguarding this endangered species.

This paper explores how the integration and performance of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) contribute to sustainable healthcare practices. WBANs play a crucial role in reducing the environmental footprint of healthcare systems by providing continuous monitoring that can prevent unnecessary hospitalizations and reduce the consumption of disposable medical supplies. Additionally, the design of WBANs using environmentally friendly materials, low-power devices, and recyclable components is discussed to optimize the sustainability of healthcare practices. To enhance infrastructure, services, and quality of life, new technologies have been integrated to improve WBANs. Patients' essential health data may be continuously and instantly collected thanks to these networks, and healthcare providers can receive the data right away for quick analysis and action. WBANs have healthcare benefits, but there are also major drawbacks. Technologies that can combine low power consumption, minimal delay, and high enough data rates are needed for WBANs in order to support a variety of medical applications. The effectiveness of the LoRaWAN and IEEE 802.15.6 technologies in WBAN is assessed in this paper. With the use of seven crucial metrics which are throughput, arrival rate, delay, energy consumption, residual energy, network lifetime, and packet delivery ratio (PDR), this paper seeks to study which technology is appropriate with WBANs using NS3 as a simulation program. With network parameters, 1000 seconds, and 50 nodes, the paper evaluated the performance of each technology. The results show that IEEE 802.15.6 is superior in terms of throughput, PDR, and arrival rate whereas LoRaWAN is superior in terms of energy consumption, residual energy, network lifetime, and delay.

Currently, pollution caused by petroleum products remains a critical concern. Among the various methods employed, bioremediation is the most widely utilized technique to address this issue. To implement this technique, we must continue to research and identify strains of microorganisms capable of degrading these pollutants. Thus, this study aimed to identify and test the biodegradation capacity of two bacterial strains. For this, morphological and biochemical characterization was done using standard methods. Then, a genetic characterization was performed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The biodegradation capacity of the strains was determined according to the gravimetric method. All the morphological, biochemical and genetic characteristics obtained showed that the S2 and S7 strains belong to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa species, respectively. The biodegradation study showed that the two strains could degrade the substrates tested (diesel, SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) 40 and SAE 50 used oils). It also revealed that the combination of strains degrades the tested products better than those used alone. Finally, this study indicated that the biodegradation of diesel by these strains is significantly greater than that of used oils (p

The electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals presents a promising strategy for closing the carbon cycle. In this study, we synthesized zinc (Zn) catalysts through hydrothermal methods using either polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as stabilizing agents. These catalysts proved highly efficient in converting CO2 into carbon monoxide (CO). Our findings revealed that ZnO, synthesized with different morphologies—namely, nanoneedles (ZnO-NN) and nanorods (ZnO-NR)—underwent significant electro-reconstruction, ultimately leading to the formation of hexagonal metallic Zn crystals, regardless of their initial characteristics. Utilizing ex-situ operando techniques, we elucidated that metallic Zn serves as the active phase for the CO2-to-CO conversion process. In a comparison, ZnO-NN catalysts demonstrated superior selectivity and stability, achieving 91.3% CO selectivity at a potential of −0.88 V vs. RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode) due to the facile transformation of ZnO to metallic Zn. Remarkably, these catalysts maintained this level of performance for more than 17 h. Conversely, ZnO-NR catalysts exhibited a lower CO selectivity of 62.5% at a relatively higher potential of −0.98 V vs RHE.

Purpose – The approach to integrate concepts from different disciplines so as to solve the problems facing smallholder farmers has gained momentum in recent years. However, very little is known about how word-of-mouth (WOM) dimensions can be used in agricultural marketing to explain market participation among smallholder farmers. Therefore, this study investigates the perceived usefulness of WOM in explaining smallholder farmers’ market participation. Design/methodology/approach – The cross-sectional design was carried out to survey a sample of 467 smallholder farmers. This study used partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4 to test hypotheses. Findings – The results revealed that WOM dimensions such as expertise differential, strong tie and trustworthiness among smallholder farmers significantly influence the WOM message delivery. Likewise, the findings suggest that WOM message delivery significantly influences market participation among smallholder farmers. Finally, it was revealed that WOM message delivery significantly mediates the relationship between WOM dimensions and market participation. Practical implications – This study provides useful insights to smallholder farmers on how to use WOM dimensions to enhance more market participation in formal markets, especially through proper WOM message delivery. Originality/value – The current study solves the problem of information asymmetry among smallholder farmers through WOM. It is perhaps the first study to establish the link between WOM dimensions and market participation among smallholder farmers in the context of developing countries.

Muhammad Fattah Fazel,1,2 Izuddin Fahmy Abu,1 Mohamad Haiqal Nizar Mohamad,3 Noor Arniwati Mat Daud,1 Ahmad Najib Hasan,1 Zainie Aboo Bakkar,1 Muhammad Alif Naim Md Khir,4 Norsham Juliana,5 Srijit Das,6 Muhamad Razin Mohd Razali,1 Nurul Hana Zainal Baharin,2 Arashidatul Akmar Ismail2 1Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia; 3Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Malacca, Malaysia; 4Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 5Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; 6Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanCorrespondence: Izuddin Fahmy Abu, Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Sultan Ismail, Kuala Lumpur, 50250, Malaysia, Email izuddin@unikl.edu.myAbstract: In an era where synthetic supplements have raised concerns regarding their effects on human health, Ficus carica has emerged as a natural alternative rich in polyphenolic compounds with potent therapeutic properties. Various studies on F. carica focusing on the analysis and validation of its pharmacological and nutritional properties are emerging. This paper summarizes present data and information on the phytochemical, nutritional values, therapeutic potential, as well as the toxicity profile of F. carica. An extensive search was conducted from various databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 126 studies and articles related to F. carica that were published between 1999 and 2023 were included in this review. Remarkably, F. carica exhibits a diverse array of advantageous effects, including, but not limited to, antioxidant, anti-neurodegenerative, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-angiogenic, antidiabetic, anti-cancer, and antimutagenic properties. Among the highlights include that antioxidants from F. carica were demonstrated to inhibit cholinesterase, potentially protecting neurons in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. The antimicrobial activities of F. carica were attributed to its high flavonoids and terpenoids content, while its virucidal action through the inhibition of DNA and RNA replication was postulated due to its triterpenes content. Inflammatory and arthritic conditions may also benefit from its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties through the modulation of various signalling proteins. Studies have also shown that F. carica extracts were generally safe and exhibit low toxicity profile, although more research in this aspect is required, specifically its effects on the skin. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of F. carica as a valuable natural therapeutic agent and dietary supplement. However, continued exploration on F. carica’s safety and efficacy is still required prior to embarking on clinical trials, as its role in personalized nutrition and medication will open a new paradigm to improve health outcomes.Keywords: antioxidant, dietary supplement, fig, natural compound, phytochemical

Abstract Investigating the repercussions of climate change and irrigation timing on groundwater contamination necessitates thorough examination of the fluctuations in seawater and groundwater recharge temperature. This study introduces an innovative numerical approach to analyze groundwater salinity and temperature dynamics across three distinct scenarios using the SEAWAT code based on Henry's problem. The first scenario delves into the impact of seawater temperature, the second focuses on the consequences of aquifer freshwater recharge temperature, and the third amalgamates the effects of both scenarios. Remarkably, the study reveals that saltwater intrusion (SWI) experiences a decline attributable to the aquifer's heightened seawater temperature and the diminished inland freshwater temperature. Furthermore, combining these two scenarios has a more pronounced effect on aquifer pollution; the temperature-induced changes in SWI for this third scanrio reach + 8.10%, + 12.70%, + 16.20%, + 24.90%, + 28.30%, and + 31.80% compared to the case without considering the temperature effect. Notably, our results propose a potential strategy to mitigate SWI by introducing cold freshwater recharge into aquifers, such as irrigation at night time when water temperature is low. This innovative approach underscores the interconnectedness of various environmental factors. It provides a practical avenue for proactive intervention in safeguarding groundwater quality against the adverse impacts of climate change and irrigation practices.

Abstract Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has achieved a wide popularity since innovating it as an alternative to conventional concrete because of its superior mechanical characteristics and durability, in addition to being a green concrete due to its low negative impact on the environment. However, GPC still suffers from the problem of its poor workability which suppresses its spread in construction applications. This study investigated the most effective parameters on the workability of GPC including GGBFS content, water to binder ratio, and dosage of different types of chemical admixtures, Naphthalene-Based Admixture (NPA) and Polycarboxylate-Based Admixture (PCA), using Taguchi approach and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis considering the compressive strength at the different concrete ages. It was observed that NPA, in the geopolymer concrete, improved the compressive strength compared to PCA. The NPA-based mixes achieved the highest 28-day compressive strength, 69 MPa, with about 27.8% more than the highest 28-day compressive strength achieved by the PCA-based mixes, 54 MPa. The obtained results revealed that the NPA has achieved the best improvement for both the workability, in terms of initial slump value and slump loss rate, and the compressive strength of GPC mixes compared to PCA.

Abstract Climate change in desert areas and semi-arid watersheds may offer a promising solution for the water scarcity problem that Bedouins and local inhabitants face. This study investigated the integrated water resources management in arid and semi-arid regions using rainwater harvesting in combination with the managed aquifer recharge (RWH-MAR) technique. The study also used recharge wells and storage dams to achieve the sustainability of groundwater supplies in the context of climate change and management of the flow to the Gulf of Suez. Therefore, different return periods of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years were considered for the annual flood volume resulting from those watersheds. Moreover, hydrologic modeling was carried out for the El Qaa plain area, South Sinai, Egypt, using the Watershed Modeling System (WMS) and the groundwater modeling of SEAWAT code. Our findings show that for different scenarios of climate change based on return periods of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years, the aquifer potentiality reached 24.3 MCM (million cubic meters) per year, 28.8 MCM, 36.7 MCM, and 49.4 MCM compared to 21.7 MCM at 2014 with storage of groundwater ranges 11.8%, 32.1%, 69%, and 127.4%, respectively. These findings have significant implications for the system of RWH-MAR and groundwater sustainability in El Qaa Plain, South Sinai. The RWH-MAR proved to be an effective approach that can be applied in different water-stressed and arid regions to support freshwater resources for sustainable future development and food security, as well as protect communities from extreme flash flood events.

Abstract Introduction Heel puncture (HP) in neonates can result in osteomyelitis if done non-aseptically or with incorrect technique. This study summarizes clinical experience with heel puncture-related osteomyelitis of the calcaneus (HP-CO) in newborns. Methods We systematically reviewed studies that examined HP-CO in newborn patients using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our search included the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases until December 31, 2023. We used the National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment scale to evaluate the quality of our analyzed studies. Results This study analyzed 15 neonatal calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) cases due to HP conducted in six countries from 1976 to 2016. The average age of the cases was 8.87 ± 6.13 days, with an average birth weight of 2367.27 ± 947.59 g. The infants had undergone an average of 9.00 ± 8.90 HP, with 93.33% exhibiting swelling. Staphylococcus aureus was present in 80% of cases. Beta-lactam antibiotics were used, with satisfactory outcomes in 53.33% of cases. However, in seven cases, three patients had flatfoot due to calcaneal deformity, and other complications were observed in some patients after 7–8 years. Conclusions This study offers valuable insights into a rare condition, including its epidemiology, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and treatment options for infants with HP-CO. To prevent the risk of osteomyelitis in this vulnerable group of patients, increasing awareness and maintaining strict aseptic techniques is necessary. We recommend that infants presenting with tenderness, redness, purulent discharge, erythema, or fever and with a history of repeated HP and swollen ankles should be evaluated for suspicion of osteomyelitis. A graphical abstract is avilable for this article. Graphical Abstract

Purpose: Methanol, is a clear, colourless, highly toxic substance obtained from the destructive distillation of wood. During the COVID-19 pandemic, chronic alcohol users consumed alternatives such as cologne and cheap alcohol, the toxicology analyses showed that there was an increase in methanol poisoning due to the use of cheaper methanol instead of ethanol in alcoholic liquids. The aim of this study was to evaluate autopsy cases in the Şanlıurfa Forensic Medicine Branch Directorate that were recorded as cause of death from methanol poisoning. Materials and Methods: 15 cases whose cause of death was determined to be methyl alcohol intoxication were examined at Şanlıurfa Forensic Medicine Branch Directorate between 1 January 2016 and 1 November 2022. Sociodemographic data of the cases, crime scene information, clinical findings and hospitalization data, distribution of events according to years, type of beverage consumed toxicological and pathological data were evaluated. Results: All of the cases were male. The mean age was calculated as 52.1. The drinks consumed were determined to be cologne in 8 cases, fake raki, whisky and vodka in 4, and the type of drink could not be determined in 3 cases. Conclusion: It should not be forgotten that in times of increased alcohol consumption, methanol can be mixed with liquids in place of ethanol, and programs should be implemented to inform the public about intoxications. The necessary precautions against methanol intoxication should be taken by increasing control at the production and sales stages of alcoholic drinks and antiseptics containing alcohol, such as cologne.

Background: Capillary blood glucose measurement is one of the most important diagnostic procedures in managing and treating patients, especially those with diabetes. Since the preparation method of the capillary sampling site affects the blood glucose (BG) level, it is essential to identify the best preparation method with the least error estimation. This study compares the capillary BG level with the venous BG level after preparing the sampling site with four different preparation methods. Methods: This quasi-experimental study has a single-group design. It was conducted on 85 nursing and midwifery students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, in 2022. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling. Capillary BG was measured from each finger using a glucometer while each finger was prepared with alcohol, water, soap and water, or no washing. Then, the venous blood sample of the same person was sent to the laboratory. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 22. The Friedman and Dunn post hoc tests were used to compare venous and capillary BG levels obtained using different methods. The significance level was set at P

This study aimed to test the Turkish adaptation of the Stadium Atmosphere Scale (STAS) and reveal its psychometric properties. We collected data from 324 football spectators and fans, which were selected using the convenience sampling method. We carried out four different tests for Turkish adaptation and psychometric properties of the scale after performing Turkish language co-validation. The CFA analysis with varying configurations of the model revealed that the construct of the STAS fit well in both the correlated factor model and the hierarchical model and best fit the data collected from the Turkish population. Additionally, we tested measurement and structural invariance to examine if the scale was also performed for spectators participating for different purposes in the same way and determined that the relevant scale preserved its basic structure in both football spectators and fans and that the scale could be used as an appropriate measurement tool. These results demonstrated that the STAS would be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool for the population in Turkey.

Oxynoemacheilus chaboras, new species, from the stream Beyazsu in the Euphrates drainage, belongs to the O. persa species group, being closely related to O. shehabi from the Orontes, O. sarus from the Seyhan and Ceyhan, O. euphraticus from the Euphrates and Tigris, O. karunensis from the Karkheh, and O. persa from Central Iran. The new species is distinguished from others in the O. persa group by having 8–9 pores in the supraorbital canal, two distinct black blotches at the caudal-fin base, a rudimentary and shallow pelvic axillary lobe, 6–10 irregularly shaped bars on the flank, and a deep head, body, and caudal peduncle. Oxynoemacheilus chaboras sp. nov. is most closely related to O. euphraticus, from which it is differentiated by a mean uncorrected p-distance of 3.24% (min. 3.09%) in its COI barcode gene.

Introduction. A method for protecting concrete and aerated concrete by treatment with a calcium polysulfide-based solution is considered. The solution penetrates into the pores of the materials and, after drying, forms a water-repellent nanoscale layer, protecting the material from water penetration. This ultra-thin layer is formed as a result of the destruction of calcium polysulfide molecules while drying the impregnating solution and gives the material hydrophobic properties. The paper presents research results of the properties and composition of the forming protective layer and its effect on water penetration into the materials. Materials and methods. In the article authors present data on water penetration into the studied concrete and aerated concrete samples, the size and composition of the hydrophobic agent using laser and X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet spectroscopy, as well as using visual research methods, including electron microscopy. Results. It has been revealed that the hydrophobic surface is formed from a mixture of sulfur and calcium carbonate. It is shown that concrete and aerated concrete impregnated with a calcium polysulfide-based solution acquires pronounced water-repellent properties, expressed in contact angles corresponding to superhydrophobic surfaces. The presence of sulfur was established by ultraviolet spectroscopy, and force microscopy showed the formation of nanocomposite particles from sulfur and calcium compounds. X-ray phase analysis showed that the protective layer deposited on the surface of the materials consists of sulfur nanoparticles (65%), as well as nanoparticles of calcium compounds – vaterite (21%) and calcite (13%). Surface treatment of concrete with a sprayer leads to a decrease in water absorption from 5.4% to 3.1%, and in the case of treatment by immersion to a value of 1.5%, while the use of preliminary vacuuming before immersion of the samples allows achieving a water absorption parameter of 0.9%. It is shown that impregnation with preliminary vacuuming leads to water absorption values of less than 1%, which indicates the practical water impermeability of samples of full-scale products (concrete curbs and pipes). Discussion. It is noted that during surface treatment of aerated concrete with a sprayer, a chemically resistant superhydrophobic layer in the form of a nanocomposite is being formed, which penetrates to a depth of 3–3.5 cm, reliably protecting the material from water and chemical penetration. Surface treatment is effective in cases where objects (facades, above-ground structural elements, etc.) are exposed to water in the form of rain. Treatment of concrete products by immersion and immersion treatment with vacuuming can be carried out in harsh cases of constant water exposure (underground utilities, tunnels, manholes). Conclusions. The limitation of water penetration, and in some cases the absence of water in the pores of building materials impregnated with calcium polysulfide, indicate the preservation of substance, since water is a carrier of substances that destroy concrete and aerated concrete. Accordingly, there is no destructive effect from freezing of water in the pores of such materials as a result of the formation of a nano-sized coating of sulfur particles. Comparison of the results for aerated concrete shows that it acquires superhydrophobic properties, which indicates its excellent modification and expands the possibilities of its use. The data observed for concrete products indicate that after treatment with a calcium polysulfide-based solution, they can be used under conditions of long-term and constant exposure to water

Abstract As climate change increases the risk of extreme rainfall events, concerns over flood management have also increased. To recover quickly from flood damage and prevent further consequential damage, flood waste prediction is of utmost importance. Therefore, developing a rapid and accurate prediction of flood waste generation is important in order to reduce disaster. Several approaches of flood waste classification have been proposed by various researchers, however only a few focus on prediction of flood waste. In this study, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach is adapted to address these challenges. Two different raw datasets were obtained from the “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures 2015” source. The datasets were for 9 years (1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, 2015), and are labelled as the materials generated in the Municipal Waste Stream from 1960 to 2015 and the materials Recycled and Composted in Municipal Solid Waste from 1960 to 2015. The waste types were grouped as paper and paperboard (PP), glass (GI), metals (Mt), plastics (PI), rubber and leather (RL), textiles (Tt), wood (Wd), food (Fd), yard trimmings (YT) and miscellaneous inorganic wastes (IW).

Abstract The primary site of metastasis for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the peritoneum, and it occurs through a multistep process that begins with adhesive contacts between cancer cells and mesothelial cells. Despite evidence that Notch signaling has a role in ovarian cancer, it is unclear how exactly it contributes to ovarian cancer omental metastasis, as well as the cellular dynamics and intrinsic pathways that drive this tropism. Here we show that tumor cells produced the Notch ligand Jagged2 is a clinically and functionally critical mediator of ovarian cancer omental metastasis by activating the Notch signaling in single-layered omental mesothelial cells. In turn, Jagged2 promotes tumor growth and therapeutic resistance by stimulating IL-6 release from mesothelial cells. Additionally, Jagged2 is a potent downstream mediator of the omental metastasis cytokine TGF-β that is released during omental destruction. Importantly, therapeutic inhibition of Jagged2-mediated omental metastasis was significantly improved by directly disrupting the Notch pathway in omental mesothelial cells. These findings highlight the key role of Jagged2 to the functional interplay between the TGF-β and the Notch signaling pathways during the metastatic process of ovarian cancer cells to the omentum and identify the Notch signaling molecule as a precision therapeutic target for ovarian cancer metastasis.

Background/Aims: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a rare condition in childhood, with the exception of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). However, no classification exists from a pediatric gastroenterologist’s perspective. Materials and Methods: The patients with a diagnosis of GOO between 2009 and 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. We classified the patients according to GOO: presence of clinical findings accompanied by radiological and/or endoscopic findings; clinical status: intractable nonbilious postprandial vomiting alone or with abdominal pain, early satiety, weight loss, postprandial abdominal distension, and malnutrition; radiology: delayed gastric emptying and dilated stomach; endoscopy: nonbilious gastric contents after 6-8 hours of emptying and/or failed pyloric intubation; physical examination: visible gastric peristalsis. Results: A total of 30 GOO patients (15 patients with IHPS, 1 patient with annular pancreas, 4 patients with gastric volvulus, 2 patients with duodenal atresia, 2 patients with antral web, 1 patient with late-onset hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (LHPS) had surgical treatment, and remaining 5 patients had medical treatment) were enrolled to the study. The median age was 8 months (range: 3 months-16 years), and 14 patients were female. Mitochondrial disorders, LHPS, metabolic disorders, and eosinophilic gastrointestinal system diseases were added to Sharma’s GOO classification, and the classification has been expanded. Conclusion: This is the first and largest study of GOO in children. From the perspective of pediatric gastroenterology, new diseases will be addressed, and definitions will be highlighted with our classification for GOO in childhood.

In this paper, we introduced double cyclic codes over $ R^r\times R^s $, where $ R = \mathbb{Z}_{2}+u\mathbb{Z}_{2} = \{0, 1, u, 1+u\} $ is the ring with four elements and $ u^2 = 0 $. We first determined the generator polynomials of $ R $-double cyclic codes for odd integers $ r $ and $ s $, then gave the generators of duals of free double cyclic codes over $ R^r\times R^s $. By defining a linear Gray map, we looked at the binary images of $ R $-double cyclic codes and gave several examples of optimal parameter binary linear codes obtained from $ R $-double cyclic codes. Moreover, we studied self-dual $ R $-double cyclic codes and presented an example of a self-dual $ R $-double cyclic code.

Öznel iyi oluş, kişinin yaşamdan aldığı doyumu ve yaşadığı olumlu duyguları ifade eden bir kavramdır. Yaşam amaçları, bireyin uzun vadede gerçekleştirmek istediği planlarıdır. Umut kişinin amaçlar ve bu amaçlara ulaşmak için yollar belirlemesi, ayrıca amaçlarına ulaşmak için motivasyona sahip olması durumudur. Bu çalışmada yaşam amaçları ve umudun öznel iyi oluşla ilişkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Katılımcılar 2019-2020 eğitim yılında Muş ilindeki lise öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde gruplar arası (cinsiyet, yaşanılan yer, sınıf düzeyi, okul türü ve okul tercih sebebi) karşılaştırmalarda t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemede pearson korelasyon analizi, yordama gücünün tespit edilmesi için çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, yaşam amaçları ve umudun öznel iyi oluşla pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca yaşam amaçları ve umudun öznel iyi oluşu manidar şekilde yordadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Gelecek araştırmalarda deneysel metodlar kullanılabilir ve çalışma farklı yaş gruplarında tekrarlanabilir. Okuldaki rehberlik çalışmalarında umut ve yaşam amaçlarına yer verilerek öznel iyi oluşa katkıda bulunulabilir.

Abstract Background The aesthetics of everyday life improves physical and mental health and social communication. This study aims to develop and test a novel instrument that assesses the aesthetics of the everyday life of older adults. Methods A mixed-methods study with a sequential exploratory approach was conducted from November 2021 to December 2022. Item generation and questionnaire formation were developed through interviews with older adults and a literature review (stage 1). A cross-sectional study was then conducted to test the psychometric properties of the novel scale among 380 older adults referred to Urban Comprehensive Health Service Centers (stage 2). The construct validity was tested via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and with the principal component analysis method. Internal consistency and reliability of the scale were evaluated with Cronbach's alpha and test–retest with a 2-week interval. Results The initial scale was prepared with 39 items. In stage 2, EFA revealed a seven-factor model with 34 items. Internal consistency was acceptable for extracted sub-scales (Cronbach's alpha range: 0.67- 0.93) and the total score (0.926). The intra-class correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was 0.90. Conclusions The AELSA is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the aesthetics of everyday life in older adults. the scale will help policymakers in formulating interventions to improve mental health and well-being in older adults. Moreover, Further studies is need to provide more support of construct validity.

Abstract Background Nurse motivation can have a significant impact on the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the patients’ survival. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine nurses’ motivation for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods This cross-sectional study focused on 217 nurses in a teaching hospital in Iran, in 2023. A random sample of nurses was selected from four hospital departments (emergency, critical care, medical, and surgery). These nurses completed the demographic information and motivation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Spearman coefficients, and Kruskal-Wallis and multiple linear regression tests. Results The mean score of the dimension of the feeling of achievement (4.10 ± 0.50) was high in the nurses’ motivation for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. There were more motivational factors in the emergency department compared to the other departments in terms of the feeling of achievement, high chance of success, low chances of success, recognition and appreciation, perceived importance, and beliefs (p

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economies and industries worldwide, including the real estate sector. This study aims to assess the effects of the pandemic on commercial real estate prices in the Malaysian market. By examining variations in property types and considering key factors influencing pricing, the research contributes to a better understanding of the pandemic’s impact on the real estate market. To analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial real estate prices, a mixed-method approach was employed. The study combines data from direct real estate indices, which provide insights into property prices based on transaction data, and listed real estate, which includes publicly traded real estate investment trusts (REITs). By utilizing both sources, a comprehensive analysis of the market is achieved. The sample for this study consists of commercial real estate properties in the Malaysian market. It includes properties from various sectors, such as retail, hospitality, and office buildings. The sample is representative of the overall market and captures the different property types affected by the pandemic. The analysis begins by comparing direct real estate indices to highlight the limitations and potential biases associated with using these indices. It then examines the variations in commercial real estate prices during the COVID-19 outbreak, focusing on the different property types. Statistical techniques, such as regression analysis and trend analysis, are employed to identify patterns and quantify the impact on commercial real estate prices. The study’s main findings reveal that the retail and hospitality sectors experienced the most significant impact on commercial real estate prices during the COVID-19 pandemic. These sectors witnessed a substantial decline in property values due to restrictions, lockdown measures, and reduced consumer demand. Office buildings, although moderately affected, also experienced some decline in prices. This research contributes to the existing literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial real estate prices, specifically in the Malaysian market. By combining data from direct and listed real estate sources, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the variations in property prices across different sectors. The findings offer valuable insights for real estate investors, policymakers, and industry professionals in adapting to the changing market conditions and making informed decisions regarding commercial real estate investments. In conclusion, this article sheds light on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial real estate prices in the Malaysian market. The research methodology, which combines data from direct and listed real estate, allows for a comprehensive analysis of property variations among different sectors. The findings emphasize the significant impact on the retail and hospitality sectors, while showing office buildings to have been moderately affected. It also provides important insights for stakeholders in the real estate industry, enabling them to make informed decisions and develop appropriate strategies.

In the Ferkla Oasis, much like in numerous other oases across the southeastern region of Morocco, a range of socio-economic and environmental challenges are intricately linked to the inadequate management of water resources. One proposed remedy to address these concerns is the implementation of artificial aquifer recharge, which stands as an alternative strategy to safeguard the crucial oasis ecosystems. Thus, to evaluate the viability of this method in promoting sustainable water resource usage, it becomes imperative to delineate Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones (GRPZs). This study seeks to accomplish this objective by mapping GRPZs within the Ferkla Oasis, employing a fusion of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), geospatial information derived from Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies. In pursuit of this goal, an array of geological, topographical, pedological, hydrological, and climatic criteria have been meticulously selected, classified, and assigned weights in accordance with their relevance to water infiltration suitability. This comprehensive approach culminates in the generation of seven thematic maps: slope, lineament density, lithology, soil type, drainage density, land use/land cover, and rainfall distribution. Through the integration of these aforementioned maps, a tripartite classification of potential GRPZs emerges, comprising low, medium, and high categories. The findings underscore the distribution as follows: 30% of the total study area exhibits a low potential for GRPZs, 50% of the total land area is characterized as having medium potential GRPZs, while the remaining 20% is designated as high potential GRPZs. These outcomes have been substantiated through validation against piezometric levels, which have been ascertained through recent field surveys. Consequently, these results stand as a testament to the efficacy of the presented approach as a robust decision-making tool. The approach effectively facilitates the establishment of conditions conducive to viable artificial recharge, thereby offering a means to safeguard the groundwater reservoirs that sustain the fragile oasis environments.

In Morocco's oases, which rely heavily on surface water from mountain sources, the threat of decreasing rainfall presents a significant challenge, leading to a decline in surface water availability. This study focuses on the Rheris Watershed in Southeast Morocco, where brackish water desalination emerges as a viable alternative to ensure sustainable water supply for agriculture. Prior to the deployment of a pilot plant integrating a desalination unit, selecting an optimal site for PV-powered MCDI desalination plants was critical. This selection was based on a range of criteria, including Groundwater Quantity, Global Horizontal Irradiation, Temperature, Evaporation, Water Salinity, Water Quantity, Well Density and Slope. These criteria were evaluated using a combination of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and geospatial data obtained from Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques.This case study in the Rheris watershed identified potential sites for future Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI) desalination projects, High suitability areas encompass 280.45 km² (30.91 %), located west of Tinejdad, Khettarat Moulay Hachem, north of Goulmima, and south of Tinghir. Low suitability areas cover 63.75 km² (7.02 % of the study area), including regions south of Tadighoust and Tinejdad. Moderate suitability areas span 562.86 km² (62.05 %), involving central regions of Goulmima, Tadighoust, Tinejdad, and Tinghir. Based on the results of the study, the recommendations include focusing on areas identified as highly suitable for MCDI technology for sustainable agriculture, refining selection criteria based on local data, exploring brine management strategies, and adopting integrated water management approaches to ensure sustainable resource use.

Fused thienopyridines represent a class of heterocyclic molecules that have garnered increasing attention due to their unique structural features and versatile chemical properties. This review systematically examines the latest synthetic methodologies employed in preparing fused thienopyridine derivatives, emphasizing innovative approaches that contribute to structural diversity. Moreover, the discussion extends to the broad spectrum of therapeutic applications that fused thienopyridines offer, encompassing their utility in different diseases. The review explores the pharmacological activities and biological properties of fused thienopyridines, shedding light on their role in drug discovery and development. By offering a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in both the chemical synthesis and therapeutic applications of fused thienopyridines, this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners navigating the evolving landscape of medicinal chemistry.