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5. SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in wastewater as a model for monitoring evolution of endemic viruses

Author

Yousif, Mukhlid, Rachida, Said, Taukobong, Setshaba, Ndlovu, Nkosenhle, Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe, Howard, Wayne, Moonsamy, Shelina, Mhlambi, Nompilo, Gwala, Sipho, Levy, Joshua I., Andersen, Kristian G., Scheepers, Cathrine, von Gottberg, Anne, Wolter, Nicole, Bhiman, Jinal N., Amoako, Daniel Gyamfi, Ismail, Arshad, Suchard, Melinda, and McCarthy, Kerrigan

Published
2023
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6. HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2: Patterns in the evolution of two pandemic pathogens

Author

Fischer, Will, Giorgi, Elena E, Chakraborty, Srirupa, Nguyen, Kien, Bhattacharya, Tanmoy, Theiler, James, Goloboff, Pablo A, Yoon, Hyejin, Abfalterer, Werner, Foley, Brian T, Tegally, Houriiyah, San, James Emmanuel, de Oliveira, Tulio, Africa, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South, Wilkinson, Eduan, Msomi, Nokukhanya, Iranzadeh, Arash, Fonseca, Vagner, Doolabh, Deelan, Mlisana, Koleka, von Gottberg, Anne, Walaza, Sibongile, Allam, Mushal, Ismail, Arshad, Mohale, Thabo, Glass, Allison J, Engelbrecht, Susan, Van Zyl, Gert, Preiser, Wolfgang, Petruccione, Francesco, Sigal, Alex, Hardie, Diana, Marais, Gert, Hsiao, Marvin, Korsman, Stephen, Davies, Mary-Ann, Tyers, Lynn, Mudau, Innocent, York, Denis, Maslo, Caroline, Goedhals, Dominique, Abrahams, Shareef, Laguda-Akingba, Oluwakemi, Alisoltani-Dehkordi, Arghavan, Godzik, Adam, Wibmer, Constantinos Kurt, Sewell, Bryan Trevor, Lourenço, José, Pond, Sergei L Kosakovsky, Weaver, Steven, Giovanetti, Marta, Alcantara, Luiz Carlos Junior, Martin, Darren, Bhiman, Jinal N, Williamson, Carolyn, Gnanakaran, Sandrasegaram, and Korber, Bette

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Pneumonia, Vaccine Related, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Genetics, Lung, HIV/AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Viral, HIV-1, Humans, Immune Evasion, Mutation, Pandemics, Receptors, Virus, Recombination, Genetic, SARS-CoV-2, Selection, Genetic, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Viral Proteins, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa, evolution, glycosylation, immune escape, insertions and deletions, recombination, Microbiology, Immunology, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical microbiology
Abstract

Humanity is currently facing the challenge of two devastating pandemics caused by two very different RNA viruses: HIV-1, which has been with us for decades, and SARS-CoV-2, which has swept the world in the course of a single year. The same evolutionary strategies that drive HIV-1 evolution are at play in SARS-CoV-2. Single nucleotide mutations, multi-base insertions and deletions, recombination, and variation in surface glycans all generate the variability that, guided by natural selection, enables both HIV-1's extraordinary diversity and SARS-CoV-2's slower pace of mutation accumulation. Even though SARS-CoV-2 diversity is more limited, recently emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants carry Spike mutations that have important phenotypic consequences in terms of both antibody resistance and enhanced infectivity. We review and compare how these mutational patterns manifest in these two distinct viruses to provide the variability that fuels their evolution by natural selection.

Published
2021

9. Genomic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Neisseria meningitidis in South Africa, 2016-2021

Author

Mikhari, Rito L, primary, Meiring, Susan, additional, de Gouveia, Linda, additional, Chan, Wai Yin, additional, Jolley, Keith A, additional, Van Tyne, Daria, additional, Harrison, Lee H, additional, Marjuki, Henju, additional, Ismail, Arshad, additional, Quan, Vanessa, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, and du Plessis, Mignon, additional

Published
2024
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12. Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa

Author

Viana, Raquel, Moyo, Sikhulile, Amoako, Daniel G., Tegally, Houriiyah, Scheepers, Cathrine, Althaus, Christian L., Anyaneji, Ugochukwu J., Bester, Phillip A., Boni, Maciej F., Chand, Mohammed, Choga, Wonderful T., Colquhoun, Rachel, Davids, Michaela, Deforche, Koen, Doolabh, Deelan, du Plessis, Louis, Engelbrecht, Susan, Everatt, Josie, Giandhari, Jennifer, Giovanetti, Marta, Hardie, Diana, Hill, Verity, Hsiao, Nei-Yuan, Iranzadeh, Arash, Ismail, Arshad, Joseph, Charity, Joseph, Rageema, Koopile, Legodile, Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L., Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Kuate-Lere, Lesego, Laguda-Akingba, Oluwakemi, Lesetedi-Mafoko, Onalethatha, Lessells, Richard J., Lockman, Shahin, Lucaci, Alexander G., Maharaj, Arisha, Mahlangu, Boitshoko, Maponga, Tongai, Mahlakwane, Kamela, Makatini, Zinhle, Marais, Gert, Maruapula, Dorcas, Masupu, Kereng, Matshaba, Mogomotsi, Mayaphi, Simnikiwe, Mbhele, Nokuzola, Mbulawa, Mpaphi B., Mendes, Adriano, Mlisana, Koleka, Mnguni, Anele, Mohale, Thabo, Moir, Monika, Moruisi, Kgomotso, Mosepele, Mosepele, Motsatsi, Gerald, Motswaledi, Modisa S., Mphoyakgosi, Thongbotho, Msomi, Nokukhanya, Mwangi, Peter N., Naidoo, Yeshnee, Ntuli, Noxolo, Nyaga, Martin, Olubayo, Lucier, Pillay, Sureshnee, Radibe, Botshelo, Ramphal, Yajna, Ramphal, Upasana, San, James E., Scott, Lesley, Shapiro, Roger, Singh, Lavanya, Smith-Lawrence, Pamela, Stevens, Wendy, Strydom, Amy, Subramoney, Kathleen, Tebeila, Naume, Tshiabuila, Derek, Tsui, Joseph, van Wyk, Stephanie, Weaver, Steven, Wibmer, Constantinos K., Wilkinson, Eduan, Wolter, Nicole, Zarebski, Alexander E., Zuze, Boitumelo, Goedhals, Dominique, Preiser, Wolfgang, Treurnicht, Florette, Venter, Marietje, Williamson, Carolyn, Pybus, Oliver G., Bhiman, Jinal, Glass, Allison, Martin, Darren P., Rambaut, Andrew, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, von Gottberg, Anne, and de Oliveira, Tulio

Published
2022
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15. Clinical severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 lineages compared to BA.1 and Delta in South Africa

Author

Wolter, Nicole, Jassat, Waasila, Walaza, Sibongile, Welch, Richard, Moultrie, Harry, Groome, Michelle J., Amoako, Daniel Gyamfi, Everatt, Josie, Bhiman, Jinal N., Scheepers, Cathrine, Tebeila, Naume, Chiwandire, Nicola, du Plessis, Mignon, Govender, Nevashan, Ismail, Arshad, Glass, Allison, Mlisana, Koleka, Stevens, Wendy, Treurnicht, Florette K., Subramoney, Kathleen, Makatini, Zinhle, Hsiao, Nei-yuan, Parboosing, Raveen, Wadula, Jeannette, Hussey, Hannah, Davies, Mary-Ann, Boulle, Andrew, von Gottberg, Anne, and Cohen, Cheryl

Published
2022
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17. Emergence and phenotypic characterization of the global SARS-CoV-2 C.1.2 lineage

Author

Scheepers, Cathrine, Everatt, Josie, Amoako, Daniel G., Tegally, Houriiyah, Wibmer, Constantinos Kurt, Mnguni, Anele, Ismail, Arshad, Mahlangu, Boitshoko, Lambson, Bronwen E., Martin, Darren P., Wilkinson, Eduan, San, James Emmanuel, Giandhari, Jennifer, Manamela, Nelia, Ntuli, Noxolo, Kgagudi, Prudence, Cele, Sandile, Richardson, Simone I., Pillay, Sureshnee, Mohale, Thabo, Ramphal, Upasana, Naidoo, Yeshnee, Khumalo, Zamantungwa T., Kwatra, Gaurav, Gray, Glenda, Bekker, Linda-Gail, Madhi, Shabir A., Baillie, Vicky, Van Voorhis, Wesley C., Treurnicht, Florette K., Venter, Marietjie, Mlisana, Koleka, Wolter, Nicole, Sigal, Alex, Williamson, Carolyn, Hsiao, Nei-yuan, Msomi, Nokukhanya, Maponga, Tongai, Preiser, Wolfgang, Makatini, Zinhle, Lessells, Richard, Moore, Penny L., de Oliveira, Tulio, von Gottberg, Anne, and Bhiman, Jinal N.

Published
2022
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18. Early assessment of the clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in South Africa: a data linkage study

Author

Wolter, Nicole, Jassat, Waasila, Walaza, Sibongile, Welch, Richard, Moultrie, Harry, Groome, Michelle, Amoako, Daniel Gyamfi, Everatt, Josie, Bhiman, Jinal N, Scheepers, Cathrine, Tebeila, Naume, Chiwandire, Nicola, du Plessis, Mignon, Govender, Nevashan, Ismail, Arshad, Glass, Allison, Mlisana, Koleka, Stevens, Wendy, Treurnicht, Florette K, Makatini, Zinhle, Hsiao, Nei-yuan, Parboosing, Raveen, Wadula, Jeannette, Hussey, Hannah, Davies, Mary-Ann, Boulle, Andrew, von Gottberg, Anne, and Cohen, Cheryl

Published
2022
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21. Nasopharyngeal Dysbiosis Precedes the Development of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Infants, a Longitudinal Infant Cohort Study

Author

Lapidot, Rotem, primary, Faits, Tyler, additional, Ismail, Arshad, additional, Allam, Mushal, additional, Khumalo, Zamantungwak, additional, MacLeod, William, additional, Kwenda, Geoffrey, additional, Mupila, Zachariah, additional, Nakazwe, Ruth, additional, Segrè, Daniel, additional, Johnson, William Evan, additional, Thea, Donald M, additional, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, additional, and Gill, Christopher J, additional

Published
2024
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22. Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa

Author

Tegally, Houriiyah, Wilkinson, Eduan, Giovanetti, Marta, Iranzadeh, Arash, Fonseca, Vagner, Giandhari, Jennifer, Doolabh, Deelan, Pillay, Sureshnee, San, Emmanuel James, Msomi, Nokukhanya, Mlisana, Koleka, von Gottberg, Anne, Walaza, Sibongile, Allam, Mushal, Ismail, Arshad, and Mohale, Thabo

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Continued uncontrolled transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in many parts of the world is creating conditions for substantial evolutionary changes to the virus.sup.1,2. Here we describe a newly arisen lineage of SARS-CoV-2 (designated 501Y.V2; also known as B.1.351 or 20H) that is defined by eight mutations in the spike protein, including three substitutions (K417N, E484K and N501Y) at residues in its receptor-binding domain that may have functional importance.sup.3-5. This lineage was identified in South Africa after the first wave of the epidemic in a severely affected metropolitan area (Nelson Mandela Bay) that is located on the coast of the Eastern Cape province. This lineage spread rapidly, and became dominant in Eastern Cape, Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces within weeks. Although the full import of the mutations is yet to be determined, the genomic data--which show rapid expansion and displacement of other lineages in several regions--suggest that this lineage is associated with a selection advantage that most plausibly results from increased transmissibility or immune escape.sup.6-8. The 501Y.V2 variant of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa became dominant over other variants within weeks of its emergence, suggesting that this variant is linked to increased transmissibility or immune escape., Author(s): Houriiyah Tegally [sup.1] , Eduan Wilkinson [sup.1] , Marta Giovanetti [sup.2] [sup.3] , Arash Iranzadeh [sup.4] , Vagner Fonseca [sup.1] [sup.3] , Jennifer Giandhari [sup.1] , Deelan Doolabh [sup.5] [...]

Published
2021
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23. Sixteen novel lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa

Author

Tegally, Houriiyah, Wilkinson, Eduan, Lessells, Richard J., Giandhari, Jennifer, Pillay, Sureshnee, Msomi, Nokukhanya, Mlisana, Koleka, Bhiman, Jinal N., von Gottberg, Anne, Walaza, Sibongile, Fonseca, Vagner, Allam, Mushal, Ismail, Arshad, Glass, Allison J., Engelbrecht, Susan, Van Zyl, Gert, Preiser, Wolfgang, Williamson, Carolyn, Petruccione, Francesco, Sigal, Alex, Gazy, Inbal, Hardie, Diana, Hsiao, Nei-yuan, Martin, Darren, York, Denis, Goedhals, Dominique, San, Emmanuel James, Giovanetti, Marta, Lourenço, José, Alcantara, Luiz Carlos Junior, and de Oliveira, Tulio

Published
2021
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24. Exploration and comparison of bacterial communities present in bovine faeces, milk and blood using 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing.

Author

Khethiwe Mtshali, Zamantungwa Thobeka Happiness Khumalo, Stanford Kwenda, Ismail Arshad, and Oriel Matlahane Molifi Thekisoe

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Cattle by-products like faeces, milk and blood have many uses among rural communities; aiding to facilitate everyday household activities and occasional rituals. Ecologically, the body sites from which they are derived consist of distinct microbial communities forming a complex ecosystem of niches. We aimed to explore and compare the faecal, milk and blood microbiota of cows through 16S rRNA sequencing. All downstream analyses were performed using applications in R Studio (v3.6.1). Alpha-diversity metrics showed significant differences between faeces and blood; faeces and milk; but non-significant between blood and milk using Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0,05. The beta-diversity metrics on Principal Coordinate Analysis and Non-Metric Dimensional Scaling significantly clustered samples by type (PERMANOVA test, P < 0,05). The overall analysis revealed a total of 30 phyla, 74 classes, 156 orders, 243 families and 408 genera. Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla overall. A total of 58 genus-level taxa occurred concurrently between the body sites. The important taxa could be categorized into four potentially pathogenic clusters i.e. arthropod-borne; food-borne and zoonotic; mastitogenic; and metritic and abortigenic. A number of taxa were significantly differentially abundant (DA) between sites based on the Wald test implemented in DESeq2 package. Majority of the DA taxa (i.e. Romboutsia, Paeniclostridium, Monoglobus, Akkermansia, Turicibacter, Bacteroides, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, UCG-005 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004) were significantly enriched in faeces in comparison to milk and blood, except for Anaplasma which was greatly enriched in blood and was in turn the largest microbial genus in the entire analysis. This study provides insights into the microbial community composition of the sampled body sites and its extent of overlapping. It further highlights the potential risk of disease occurrence and transmission between the animals and the community of Waaihoek in KwaZulu-Natal, Republic of South Africa pertaining to their unsanitary practices associated with the use of cattle by-products.

Published
2022
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25. Genomic characterization of Bordetella pertussis in South Africa, 2015–2019

Author

Moosa, Fahima, primary, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Weigand, Michael R., additional, Peng, Yanhui, additional, Mogale, Dineo, additional, de Gouveia, Linda, additional, Nunes, Marta C., additional, Madhi, Shabir A., additional, Zar, Heather J., additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Ismail, Arshad, additional, Tondella, M. Lucia, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, and Wolter, Nicole, additional

Published
2023
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28. Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of vaginal Candida glabrata isolates in Namibia.

Author

Dunaiski, Cara M, Kock, Marleen M, Chan, Wai Yin, Ismail, Arshad, and Peters, Remco P H

Abstract

Candida glabrata is the most common non-albicans Candida species that causes vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Given the intrinsically low susceptibility of C. glabrata to azole drugs, investigations into C. glabrata prevalence, fungal susceptibility profile, and molecular epidemiology are necessary to optimise the treatment of VVC. This molecular epidemiological study was conducted to determine antifungal drug profile, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with phenotypic antifungal resistance and epidemic diversity of C. glabrata isolates from women with VVC in Namibia. Candida glabrata isolates were identified using phenotypic and molecular methods. Antifungal susceptibility of strains was determined for fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, and anidulafungin. Whole genome sequencing was used to determine SNPs in antifungal resistance genes and sequence type (ST) allocation. Among C. glabrata isolates, all (20/20; 100%) exhibited phenotypic resistance to the azole class antifungal drug, (fluconazole), and phenotypic susceptibility to the polyene class (amphotericin B), and the echinocandins (anidulafungin). Non-synonymous SNPs were identified in antifungal resistance genes of all fluconazole-resistant C. glabrata isolates including ERG6 (15%), ERG7 (15%), CgCDR1 (25%) , CgPDR1 (60%) , SNQ2 (10%) , FKS1 (5.0%) , FKS2 (5.0%) , CgFPS1 (5.0%), and MSH2 (15%). ST15 (n  = 8/20, 40%) was predominant. This study provides important insight into phenotypic and genotypic antifungal resistance across C. glabrata isolates from women with VVC in Namibia. In this study, azole resistance is determined by an extensive range of SNPs, while the observed polyene and echinocandin resistance-associated SNPs despite phenotypic susceptibility require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. An outbreak of cutaneous abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus among gold mine workers, South Africa, November 2017 to March 2018

Author

Ismail, Husna, Govender, Nelesh P., Singh-Moodley, Ashika, van Schalkwyk, Erika, Shuping, Liliwe, Moema, Itumeleng, Feller, Gal, Mogokotleng, Ruth, Strasheim, Wilhelmina, Lowe, Michelle, Mpembe, Ruth, Naicker, Serisha, Maphanga, Tsidiso G., De Abreu, Cecilia, Ismail, Farzana, Ismail, Nazir, Allam, Mushal, Ismail, Arshad, Singh, Tanusha, Matuka, Onnicah, Duba, Thabang, and Perovic, Olga

Published
2020
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36. A Genomic Snapshot of Antibiotic-ResistantEnterococcus faecalis within Public Hospital Environments in South Africa

Author

Shobo, Christiana O., Amoako, Daniel G., Allam, Mushal, Ismail, Arshad, Essack, Sabiha Y., and Bester, Linda A.

Abstract

Enterococci are among the most common opportunistic hospital pathogens. This study used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics to determine the antibiotic resistome, mobile genetic elements, clone and phylogenetic relationship of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from hospital environments in South Africa. This study was carried out from September to November 2017. Isolates were recovered from 11 frequently touched sites by patients and healthcare workers in different wards at 4 levels of healthcare (A, B, C, and D) in Durban, South Africa. Out of the 245 identified E. faecalis isolates, 38 isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on the Illumina MiSeq platform, following microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The tet(M) (31/38, 82%) and erm(C) (16/38, 42%) genes were the most common antibiotic-resistant genes found in isolates originating from different hospital environments which corroborated with their antibiotic resistance phenotypes. The isolates harboured mobile genetic elements consisting of plasmids (n = 11) and prophages (n = 14) that were mostly clone-specific. Of note, a large number of insertion sequence (IS) families were found on the IS3 (55%), IS5 (42%), IS1595 (40%), and Tn3 transposons the most predominant. Microbial typing using WGS data revealed 15 clones with 6 major sequence types (ST) belonging to ST16 (n = 7), ST40 (n = 6), ST21 (n = 5), ST126 (n = 3), ST23 (n = 3), and ST386 (n = 3). Phylogenomic analysis showed that the major clones were mostly conserved within specific hospital environments. However, further metadata insights revealed the complex intraclonal spread of these E. faecalis major clones between the sampling sites within each specific hospital setting. The results of these genomic analyses will offer insights into antibiotic-resistantE. faecalis in hospital environments relevant to the design of optimal infection prevention strategies in hospital settings.

Published
2023
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38. Outbreak of NDM-1- and OXA-181- Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections in a Neonatal Unit, South Africa.

Author

Magobo, Rindidzani E., Ismail, Husna, Lowe, Michelle, Strasheim, Wilhelmina, Mogokotleng, Ruth, Perovic, Olga, Kwenda, Stanford, Ismail, Arshad, Makua, Manala, Bore, Abram, Phayane, Rose, Naidoo, Harishia, Dennis, Tanya, Ngobese, Makhosazane, Wijnant, Wim, and Govender, Nelesh P.

Subjects
KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae, NEONATAL infections, CARBAPENEM-resistant bacteria, INFECTION prevention, MOLECULAR cloning, KLEBSIELLA infections
Abstract

After an increase in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) bloodstream infections and associated deaths in the neonatal unit of a South Africa hospital, we conducted an outbreak investigation during October 2019-February 2020 and cross-sectional follow-up during March 2020-May 2021. We used genomic and epidemiologic data to reconstruct transmission networks of outbreak-related clones. We documented 31 cases of culture-confirmed CRKP infection and 14 deaths. Two outbreak-related clones (blaNDM-1 sequence type [ST] 152 [n = 16] and blaOXA-181 ST307 [n = 6]) cocirculated. The major clone blaNDM-1 ST152 accounted for 9/14 (64%) deaths. Transmission network analysis identified possible index cases of blaOXA-181 ST307 in October 2019 and blaNDM-1 ST152 in November 2019. During the follow-up period, 11 new cases of CRKP infection were diagnosed; we did not perform genomic analysis. Sustained infection prevention and control measures, adequate staffing, adhering to bed occupancy limits, and antimicrobial stewardship are key interventions to control such outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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39. Post-mortem Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Analysis of Zambian Infants with and without Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease: A Nested Case Control Study

Author

McClintock, Jessica, primary, Odom-Mabey, Aubrey R., additional, Kebere, Nitsueh, additional, Ismail, Arshad, additional, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, additional, Gill, Christopher J., additional, MacLeod, William B., additional, Pieciak, Rachel C., additional, Lapidot, Rotem, additional, and Johnson, W. Evan, additional

Published
2022
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44. Prevalence, Genomic Characterization, and Risk Assessment of Human Pathogenic Vibrio Species in Seafood

Author

Neetoo, Hudaa, primary, Reega, Keshnee, additional, Manoga, Zishaan Sheik, additional, Nazurally, Nadeem, additional, Bhoyroo, Vishwakalyan, additional, Allam, Mushal, additional, Jaufeerally-Fakim, Yasmina, additional, Ghoorah, Anisah Wahed, additional, Jaumdally, Wasseem, additional, Hossen, Aicha Malleck, additional, Mayghun, Farheen, additional, Ismail, Arshad, additional, and Hosenally, Muzzammil, additional

Published
2022
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45. Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Efflux Pump Gene Expression in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolates from South Africa by Quantitative Real-Time PCR and Regression Analysis

Author

Mitchev, Nireshni, primary, Singh, Ravesh, additional, Ramsuran, Veron, additional, Ismail, Arshad, additional, Allam, Mushal, additional, Kwenda, Stanford, additional, Mnyameni, Florah, additional, Garrett, Nigel, additional, Swe Swe-Han, Khine, additional, Niehaus, Abraham J., additional, and Mlisana, Koleka P., additional

Published
2022
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