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Tequila vinasse, a byproduct of the tequila industry, is frequently discharged into water bodies or agricultural fields, posing significant ecological and human health risks. Bacterial communities that inhabit these agricultural fields have developed mechanisms to utilize tequila vinasse as a potential nutrient source and to promote plant growth. In this study, strains from the phyla Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota were isolated from agricultural fields irrigated with tequila vinasse for 2, 10, and 14 years in Jalisco, Mexico. The results showed that strains of Terrabacter, Azotobacter, Agromyces, Prescottella, and Leifsonia tolerate high concentrations of tequila vinasse and promote maize seedling growth in the presence of tequila vinasse. Additionally, some of the strains solubilize potassium and produce siderophores, cellulase, protease, lipase, and esterase. The strains Terrabacter sp. WCNS1C, Azotobacter sp. WCNS1D, and Azotobacter sp. WCNS2A have potential applications in the bioremediation of tequila vinasse in agricultural fields discharged with tequila vinasse.

The exploration of microbial strains for the biocontrol against Fusarium diseases in maize, from extreme environments within native ecosystems, holds significant importance. For these reasons, this study aimed to obtain bacterial strains from the soil of a Mexican oyamel-fir forest impacted by fire, with the goal of inhibiting the growth of strains of the species complexes of F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum, F. incarnatum-equiseti and F. fujikuroi, which are responsible for maize rot diseases in the country. Bacterial strains were isolated and in vitro characterized for their production of indoleacetic acid, siderophore, and hydrolytic enzymes. Additionally, they were evaluated for their ability to solubilize phosphate, and inhibit the growth of Fusarium spp. Furthermore, the strains were identified through a 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis and in vivo evaluated for promoting maize seedling growth and inhibition of seedborne Fusarium spp. Bacillus sp. B4 and B28 inhibited the growth of the strains of the four Fusarium species complexes up to 76–98 % in dual cultures; additionally, they prevented systemic infection and reduced mycelial growth on maize seed coat by up to 50 %, caused by seedborne Fusarium strains within the F. fujikuroi species complex. Moreover, both strains were non-plant pathogenic, and demonstrated cellulases, pectinase, and siderophore production. Furthermore, B4 and B28 exhibited the ability to enhance maize seedlings length and water holding capacity. Bacillus sp. B4 and B28 are valuable native genetic resources, that could offer a sustainable alternative to replace or reduce chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in Mexican maize producing areas.

Abstract Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are obligate endoparasites that feed on their host plants to complete its life cycle, representing a major threat to agriculture and economy worldwide. The development of new management strategies becomes essential as effective chemical nematicides are progressively being restricted. Hence, we analysed grape pomace-derived biochars, pyrolysed at 350 °C (BC350) and 700 °C (BC700), focusing on their potential for RKN control. The thermal treatment of grape pomace caused an increase in the concentration of carbon and plant macro- and micronutrients, which were largely present in a water-soluble form. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy data showed a general loss of carboxylic functional groups during pyrolysis, partially contributing to the alkalinisation of both biochars, mostly in BC700. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed a highly porous structure filled with different crystals composed of elements such as K, Ca, Mg, P, Si or Al, which could be a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms. Biochar-derived aqueous extracts showed phytotoxicity to tomato seedlings at high concentrations, and disappeared upon dilution, but no toxic effect was observed on the nematode’s infective stage. However, the infective and reproductive traits of a Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato were significantly reduced (i.e. egg masses and eggs per plant) in washed-biochar-treated soil in pots (0.75%; BC350W). Therefore, the large amount of grape waste generated after wine production can be transformed into a valuable product such as biochar, effective for RKNs control, thus reducing the waste management problem and contributing to a circular economy. Graphical abstract

Microbial genetic resources, as part of world's biodiversity, are the backbone of all ecosystems. Their application in agri-food and industrial production has proven to be vital for the advancement of humankind. Today, amidst challenges stemming from population growth, climate change, shrinking arable land and increasing pollution, high-impact research on microbial genetic resources with the potential to strengthen the resilience of world agricultural production and safeguard human food security have been developed. Specifically, research on microbial genetic resources has focused on enhancing plant growth and health, improving soil quality and pollutant degradation, among other functions. Thus, this special issue will seek to bring together the advances and current state-of-the-art science in the search for, characterization, identification, evaluation, transfer and innovation of microbial genetic resources as key elements in migrating towards sustainable agriculture.

This work focuses on the production, in continuous mode, of ozone using a new electrochemical cell, specially designed and manufactured with 3-D printing to produce in a very efficient way high concentrations of this powerful oxidant. The gaseous ozone produced is tested in the degradation of a synthetic waste containing methomyl. The new cell has been characterized in terms of flow distribution, mass transfer, and production of ozone, being able to reach efficiencies as high as 9.5 g/kWh, which may be even competitive with those produced with the corona discharge technology. The prototype manufactured with an electrode area of 1.5 cm2 can produce a stream containing 30 mg/h of O3. This stream can be used to degrade methomyl. However, the direct bubbling was not found to be very efficient and activation of ozone with the simultaneous irradiation of UV light or the dosing of hydrogen peroxide was needed to improve performance, showing important synergism. The efficient removal of methomyl from wastewater opens the window for the development of alternative technologies to direct anodic oxidation based on the production and dosing of gaseous oxidants such as ozone. The operation of these new technologies does not depend on the salts contained in wastewater and prevents the deterioration in the quality of the waste because it does not leave any residue after application in the treated waste.

This work focuses on the use of solar photovoltaic energy to capture carbon dioxide by means of a combined electrolyzer–absorption system and compares operating results obtained in two cases studies (operation during one clear and one cloudy day in March) in which real integration of solar photovoltaics, electrolyzer and absorption technologies is made at the bench-scale. The system is a part of a larger process (so-called EDENⓇ, Electrochemically-based Decarbonizing ENergy) which aims to regulate solar photovoltaic energy using a reversible chloralkaline electrochemical cell. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the sequestering technology, which can produce chlorine and hydrogen but also the sequestration of CO2 and its transformation into a mixture of sodium chloride, bicarbonate, and carbonate, useful as raw matter. Efficiencies over 70% for chlorine, 60% for hydrogen and 90% for sodium hydroxide were obtained. The sequestration of carbon dioxide reached 24.4 mmol CO2/Ah with an average use of 1.6 mmol NaOH/mmol CO2. Important differences are found between the performance of the system in a clear and a cloudy day which point out the necessity of regulating the dosing of the electrochemically produced sodium hydroxide to optimize the sequestration of CO2.

Abstract Background Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GEHFX ). Methods In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care.

Abstract Background Approximately 30% of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) acquire within fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3) internal tandem duplications (FLT3/ITDs) in their juxtamembrane domain (JMD). FLT3/ITDs range in size from three to hundreds of nucleotides, and confer an adverse prognosis. Studies on a possible relationship between of FLT3/ITDs length and clinical outcomes in those AML patients were inconclusive, yet. Case presentation Here we report a 54-year-old Arab male diagnosed with AML who had two FLT3-ITD mutations in addition to NPM1 mutation. Cytogenetic approaches (banding cytogenetics) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using specific probes to detect translocations t(8;21), t(15;17), t(16;16), t(12;21), and deletion del(13q)) were applied to exclude chromosomal abnormalities. Molecular genetic approaches (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the Sanger sequencing) identified a yet unreported combination of two new mutations in FLT3-ITDs. The first mutation induced a frameshift in JMD, and the second led to a homozygous substitution of c.1836T>A (p.F612L) also in JMD. Additionally a NPM1 type A mutation was detected. The first chemotherapeutic treatment was successful, but 1 month after the initial diagnosis, the patient experienced a relapse and unfortunately died. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, a combination of two FLT3-ITD mutations in JMD together with an NPM1 type A mutation were not previously reported in adult AML. Further studies are necessary to prove or rule out whether the size of these FLT3-ITDs mutations and potential other double mutations in FLT3-ITD are correlated with the observed adverse outcome.

Monitoring the vital signs of mice is an essential practice during imaging procedures to avoid populational losses and improve image quality. For this purpose, a system based on a set of devices (piezoelectric sensor, optical module and thermistor) able to detect the heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature and arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in mice anesthetized with sevoflurane was implemented. Results were validated by comparison with the reported literature on similar anesthetics. A new non-invasive electrocardiogram (ECG) module was developed, and its first results reflect the viability of its integration in the system. The sensors were strategically positioned on mice, and the signals were acquired through a custom-made printed circuit board during imaging procedures with a micro-PET (Positron Emission Tomography). For sevoflurane concentration of 1.5%, the average values obtained were: 388 bpm (beats/minute), 124 rpm (respirations/minute) and 88.9% for the heart rate, respiratory rate and SpO2, respectively. From the ECG information, the value obtained for the heart rate was around 352 bpm for injectable anesthesia. The results compare favorably to the ones established in the literature, proving the reliability of the proposed system. The ECG measurements show its potential for mice heart monitoring during imaging acquisitions and thus for integration into the developed system.

Abstract Background This study evaluated the impact of an exercise program on quality of life in older breast cancer survivors undergoing aromatase inhibitor therapy. Methods Older breast cancer survivors were randomized into two groups: combined training: resistance + aerobic exercise program for nine months (n = 18) or control group (n = 18). Quality of life was assessed by the questionnaires SF36, EORTC QLQ-C30, and EORTC QLQ-BR23 at baseline, and at three, six, and nine months. The exercise group performed 40 min of resistance exercises on machines followed by 30 min of aerobic training on a treadmill 3x/wk. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the groups over time. Results Significant time x group interactions and moderate to high effect sizes were found for physical functioning, physical health, bodily pain, general health perception, vitality, social functioning, fatigue, sleep disturbance, body image, and upset by hair loss, favoring the exercise group. Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential benefits and high clinical relevance of exercise programs to improve quality of life in older breast cancer survivors undergoing aromatase inhibitor therapy.

ABSTRACT Objectives To analyze the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in mediating the relationship between central adiposity and immune and metabolic profile in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods Cross-sectional study comprising 49 postmenopausal women (aged 59.26 ± 8.32 years) without regular physical exercise practice. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting blood samples were collected for assessment of nonesterified fatty acids, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, insulin and estimation of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Physical activity level was assessed with an accelerometer (Actigraph GTX3x) and reported as a percentage of time spent in sedentary behavior and MVPA. All analyses were performed using the software SPSS 17.0, with a significance level set at 5%. Results Sedentary women had a positive relationship between trunk fat and IL-6 (rho = 0.471; p = 0.020), and trunk fat and HOMA-IR (rho = 0.418; p = 0.042). Adiponectin and fat mass (%) were only positively correlated in physically active women (rho = 0.441; p = 0.027). Physically active women with normal trunk fat values presented a 14.7% lower chance of having increased HOMA-IR levels (β [95%CI] = 0.147 [0.027; 0.811]). Conclusions The practice of sufficient levels of MVPA was a protective factor against immunometabolic disorders in postmenopausal women.

The potential of four native bacterial strains of blackberries cv. Brazos (Rubus fruticosus): Bacillus subtilis (BSS), Bacillus subtilis (BSL), Bacillus licheniformis (BLI) and Leifsonia aquatica (LAQ), was evaluated for the postharvest control of soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer in blackberry fruits. The fruits were treated with cell suspensions (CS) and cell-free supernatants (CFE) from each bacterial strain and were infected with two strains of R. stolonifer (RSA and RSC). The severity and inhibition percentage of the disease were determined. Additionally, the inhibition by siderophores and the inhibition percentage of R. stolonifer spore germination were analyzed as possible control mechanisms. The CS of BSS inhibited RSA by 45.8%, followed by CFE of LAQ which controlled the same strain by 39.7%. The CS of BLI inhibited RSC by 37.7%, whereas the CFE of BSS and LAQ controlled it by 47.7 and 41.8%, respectively. All bacterial strains inhibited RSA and RSC by siderophores production (38.7 to 48.6 %) and the inhibition of spore germination of RSC was higher than 93% after 48 h. This work is one of the first to report R. stolonifer control by native bacteria CS and CFE, particularly LAQ in postharvested blackberry fruits. These results show the combination of mechanisms used by bacteria to control both R. stolonifer strains.

Abstract This study examined the relationship between resting heart rate (RHRr) and anthropometric, metabolic and hemodynamic parameters in subjects aged 80 years and over. One hundred thirteen individuals were divided into two groups (RHR:

Maize silage is used in the diet of dairy cows, with suitable results in milk yield. In this study, the composition and diversity of the bacterial communities of the silage process of Amarillo Zamorano (AZ) Mexican maize landrace with relation to the Antilope (A) commercial hybrid are described. From both types of maize, seeds were sown in experimental plots, plants harvested at the reproductive stage, chopped, and packed in laboratory micro-silos. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated, and DNA was extracted from the juice in the micro-silos. The bacterial communities were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of seven hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The composition of both bacterial communities was dominated by Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales, Lactobacillales mainly in A silage and Enterobacteriales in AZ silage; as well, the core bacterial community of both silages comprises 212 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Sugar concentration showed the highest number of significant associations with OTUs of different phyla. The structure of the bacterial communities was different in both silage fermentation processes, showing that AZ silage has a shorter fermentation process than A silage. In addition, NGS demonstrated the effect of the type of maize and local conditions on silage fermentation and contributed to potential strategies to improve the quality of AZ silage.

Chiral bipyrimidine-bridged dinuclear LnIII complexes of general formula [(μ-bipym){((+)-tfacam)3Ln}2] and [(μ-bipym){((-)-tfacam)3Ln}2], have been prepared from the assembly of Ln(AcO)3·nH2O (LnIII = Dy, Gd), (+)/(−)-3-(trifluoroacetyl)camphor enantiopure ligands ((+)/(-)-Htfacam) and bipyrimidine (bipym). The structure and chirality of these complexes have been supported by single-crystal X-Ray diffraction and circular dichroism. The study of the magnetic properties of the GdIII complexes revealed a very weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the GdIII ions through the bipyrimidine bridging ligand. Ab initio CASSCF calculations indicated that the ground Kramers doublet (KD) of both DyIII centers is almost purely axial with the anisotropy axis located close to the two tfacam−ligands at opposite sides of each DyIIIatom, which create an axial crystal field. In keeping with this, ac dynamic measurements indicated slow relaxation of the magnetization at zero field with Ueff = 55.1 K, a pre-exponential factor of τo = 2.17·10−6 s and τQTM = 8 μs. When an optimal dc field of 0.1 T is applied, QTM is quenched and Ueff increases to 75.9 K with τo = 6.16 × 10−7 s. The DyN2O8 coordination spheres and SMM properties of [(μ-bipym){((+)-tfacam)3Ln}2] and their achiral [(Dy(β-diketonate)3)2(μ-bpym)]analogous have been compared and a magneto-structural correlation has been established, which has been supported by theoretical calculations. In contrast to the GdIII compounds, the magnetic exchange interaction between the DyIII ions has been calculated to be very weak and, generally, ferromagnetic in nature. Relaxation mechanisms for [(μ-bipym){((+)-tfacam)3Ln}2] and previously reported analogous have been proposed from ab initio calculations. As the magnetic exchange interaction found to be very weak, the observed magnetization blockade in these systems are primarily dictated by the single ion anisotropy of DyIII ions.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity (PA) and total body (BLM), leg (LLM) and arm lean mass (ALM) in menopausal women. Sixty two 62 menopausal women were included (61.2±7.6 years). Their practice of PA was assessed by Actigraph GT3X accelerometer, and is reported as minutes per week of light or moderate-vigorous PA, and total PA. The sample was dichotomized into two groups according to their weekly practice of PA moderate-vigorous; physically active (≥150 minutes) and insufficiently active (

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 16-week program of combined aerobic and resistance training on the body composition of postmenopausal women who are obese. The participants were divided into two groups: training group (TG, n = 37) and non-trained control group (CG, n = 18). The trunk fat, fat mass, percentage of fat mass and fat-free mass were estimated using DXA. Three nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted. The training protocol consisted of 50 minutes of resistance training followed by 30 minutes of aerobic training. After the 16-week training program, differences were observed in trunk fat (CG= 0.064 x TG= -0.571 Kg; p-value = .020), fat mass (CG= -0.088 x TG= -1.037 Kg; p-value = .020) and fat-free mass (CG= -0.388 x TG= 1.049 Kg; p = .001). Therefore, a 16-week program of systematic combined aerobic and resistance training in obese postmenopausal women was effective in improving fat-free mass and decreasing both whole and abdominal adiposity.

The Andiroba belongs to the botanical family Meliaceae, found in the Amazon mainly two varieties, Carapa guianensis and C. procera. They are species with large logging utility and extracted oil has many uses, especially in lighting, such as healing use, insecticide and anti-inflammatory. In this paper the physico-chemical properties of oil of C. guianensis in São João da Beacon, Roraima through calculations from 1H NMR spectrum using the computer program PROTÓLEOS properties are studied by ESI-MS technique to determine the constituents of said oil are linolenic acid (9.99%), linoleic acid (13.14%), oleic acid (47.32%), unsaturated (70.45%) fatty acid and saturated fatty acids (29.55%). The extracted oil of andiroba oil has a yield of 67.03% being the physicochemical properties of the oil as follows: 48.4 mg I2 / g of iodine; 161.67 mg KOH / g of saponification; 1.84% of acid; 1004.02 g / mol average molecular weight; 159.83 mg KOH / g of ester value; 98.87% percent of ester and 0.9166 g / cm3 for the density at 25 ° C. Constituents determined by ESI-MS include: 1,1'-methyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate diantraquinona, dimethyl pirofosfatosantoninate, 2,4,6-tris- (3,5-di-butyl-4-tec -hidroxibencil) styrene, (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octanoilporfirinate) -Mg (II).

The need for covering large areas in oceanographic measurement campaigns and the general interest in reducing the observational costs open the necessity to develop new strategies towards this objective, fundamental to deal with current and future research projects. In this respect, the development of low-cost instruments becomes a key factor, but optimal signal-processing techniques must be used to balance their measurements with those obtained from accurate but expensive instruments. In this paper, a complete signal-processing chain to process the fluorescence spectra of marine organisms for taxonomic discrimination is proposed. It has been designed to deal with noisy, narrow-band and low-resolution data obtained from low-cost sensors or instruments and to optimize its computational cost, and it consists of four separated blocks that denoise, normalize, transform and classify the samples. For each block, several techniques are tested and compared to find the best combination that optimizes the classification of the samples. The signal processing has been focused on the Chlorophyll-a fluorescence peak, since it presents the highest emission levels and it can be measured with sensors presenting poor sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratios. The whole methodology has been successfully validated by means of the fluorescence spectra emitted by five different cultures.

Study design: Cross-sectional study. Objective: To analyze the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) according to the pattern of body fat distribution, in Brazilians aged 80 years or over. Methods: The sample consisted of 113 subjects, of 83.4 years, of both sexes. The percentages of total and abdominal body fat, hypertension and lipid profile were used for characterization of CRFs. The chisquare test was used to assess proportions of CRFs and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the results of adiposity. Results: Eutrophic subjects presented lower triglycerides (p=0.017), total cholesterol (p=0.001) and prevalence of both hypertension (p=0.003) and hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.007). Subjects with higher abdominal adiposity presented higher total cholesterol (p=0.026) and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.011) and hypercholesterolemia (p=0.026) than those with no excess abdominal adiposity. Those with excess fat (total, abdominal or both), with the exception of glucose (p=0.877), presented a high prevalence of CRFs. Those with both types of excess fat presented differences, with a higher prevalence level when compared to those with only one or neither of the excesses. Conclusion: Obesity, whether abdominal or total, is similarly associated with CRFs in subjects aged 80 years and over

OBJETIVO: Analisar associações entre dois domínios da atividade física de lazer e hábitos alimentares em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 1.630 adolescentes (46% do gênero masculino e 54% do gênero feminino). O nível de atividade física, o tempo de televisão (TV) e os comportamentos alimentares foram avaliados por entrevista, e, de acordo com o resultado da avaliação, os adolescentes foram classificados como fisicamente ativos, espectadores assíduos de TV, e engajados em dietas não saudáveis/saudáveis. RESULTADOS: Os adolescentes do gênero masculino foram mais ativos do que as do feminino (21,7 e 9,4%, respectivamente; p = 0,001), ao passo que o hábito de assistir TV foi mais frequente entre as meninas (44,0 e 29,2%; p = 0,001). Práticas de atividades físicas foram associadas com maior consumo de frutas (OR = 1,90; IC95% 1,39-2,60) e vegetais (OR = 1,48; IC95% 1,09-2,01), ao passo que o maior consumo de frituras (OR = 2,13; IC95% 1,64-2,77) e salgadinhos (OR = 1,91; IC95% 1,49-2,45) esteve associado ao hábito de assistir TV. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo epidemiológico apresenta informações indicando que os comportamentos ativo e inativo estiveram diferente e independentemente associados aos hábitos alimentares saudáveis e não saudáveis.

OBJETIVO: analisar associações entre excesso de peso e fatores de risco familiares em diferentes âmbitos escolares. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo/analítico de delineamento transversal com 1779 adolescentes (11 a 17 anos) de ambos os sexos, da rede pública (n=1309) e privada de ensino (n=470). Foram avaliados os fatores familiares: sexo, condição econômica, número de irmãos/televisores e escolaridade dos pais. A razão de prevalência (RP) em modelo univariado e multivariado indicou a magnitude das associações analisadas. RESULTADOS: nas escolas particulares, o excesso de peso associou-se com a escolaridade paterna (RP= 0,68 [0,5-0,9]) e sexo masculino (RP= 1,38 [1,0-1,8]). Nas escolas públicas, com a escolaridade materna (RP= 1,42 [1,1-1,8]), menor número de irmãos (RP= 1,23 [0,9-1,5]) e sexo masculino (RP= 1,32 [1,6-1,6]). CONCLUSÕES: o excesso de peso associou-se com diferentes fatores familiares, dependendo da rede de ensino em que foi analisado.OBJECTIVE: to analyze associations between overweight and family risk factors in different school environments. METHODS: a descriptive/analytical cross-sectional study of 1779 adolescents (aged between 11 and 17 years) of both sexes in the public (n=1309) and private (n=470) education systems. Family factors evaluated included: sex, economic circumstances, number of siblings, number of televisions and level of schooling of parents. The prevalence ratio (PR) in a univariate and multivariate model suggested the scale of the associations under study. RESULTS: in private schools, overweight was associated with the level of schooling of the father (RP= 0.68 [0.5-0.9]) and with boys (RP= 1.38 [1.0-1.8]). In public schools it was associated with the level of schooling of the mother (RP= 1.42 [1.1-1.8]), having fewer siblings (RP= 1.23 [0.9-1.5]) and with boys (RP= 1.32 [1.6-1.6]). CONCLUSIONS: overweight is associated with different family factors depending on the kind of school.

Tephrochronology uses recognizable volcanic ash layers (from airborne pyroclastic deposits, or tephras) in geological strata to set unique time references for paleoenvironmental events across wide geographic areas. This involves the detection of tephra layers which sometimes are not evident to the naked eye, including the so-called cryptotephras. Tests that are expensive, time-consuming, and/or destructive are often required. Destructive testing for tephra layers of cores from difficult regions, such as Antarctica, which are useful sources of other kinds of information beyond tephras, is always undesirable. Here we propose hyperspectral imaging of cores, Self-Organizing Map (SOM) clustering of the preprocessed spectral signatures, and spatial analysis of the classified images as a convenient, fast, non-destructive method for tephra detection. We test the method in five sediment cores from three Antarctic lakes, and show its potential for detection of tephras and cryptotephras.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação e o desempenho da impedância bioelétrica na indicação do excesso de gordura visceral e sobrepeso/obesidade em jovens brasileiros. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 811 jovens de ambos os sexos (de 11 a 17 anos). A identificação do estado nutricional foi baseada no valor da dobra cutânea tricipital e gordura relativa (impedância bioelétrica) e no excesso de gordura visceral no valor da circunferência de cintura. A análise estatística utilizou valores médios, desvios padrão, correlação linear, teste t de Student e curva ROC. RESULTADOS: Em ambos os gêneros, impedância bioelétrica apresentou bom desempenho na identificação do simultâneo excesso de gordura visceral e sobrepeso/obesidade, sendo mais específica (masculino = 92,4%; feminino = 93,8%) do que sensível (masculino = 86,1%; feminino = 71,8%). CONCLUSÃO: Em conclusão, os achados oferecem suporte para o uso da impedância bioelétrica na identificação do excesso de gordura visceral e subcutânea em adolescentes.OBJECTIVE: To analyze bioelectrical impedance performance in detecting the presence of excess visceral fat and overweight/obesity in young Brazilians and how its values are related with them. METHODS: Study sample consisted of 811 adolescents of both genders (11 to 17 years of age). Nutritional status was determined based on triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), relative body fat (bioelectrical impedance), and excess visceral fat as determined by waist circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using means, standard deviations, linear correlation, Student's t test, and ROC curve. RESULTS: Bioelectrical impedance achieved good performance in identifying excess visceral fat associated with overweight/obesity in both genders, and was found to be more specific (male 92.4% and female 93.8%) than sensitive (male 86.1% and female 71.8%). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the use of bioelectrical impedance to identify the presence of excess visceral and subcutaneous fat in adolescents.

Objective: Analyze body composition and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in obese adolescents. Methods: 58 obese adolescents were assessed between 12 and 16 years (13.7 ± 1.2 years). The body composition was measured dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The resting metabolic rate and oxidation of glucose and lipids were determined by measuring the oxygen consumption and the production of carbon dioxide. Student t test was used for independent data, multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation, significance was set p

Modelo de estudo: Estudo prospectivo Objetivo: Analisar a diferença da densidade, conteúdo mineral ósseo e composição corporal de adolescentes obesos pré e pós treinamento concorrente de 16 semanas. Métodos: Amostra composta por 19 adolescentes obesos. Mensurou-se a densidade mineral óssea(BMD), conteúdo mineral ósseo(BMC), massa corporal magra(MCM) em kg, massa de gordura(MG) em kg e em percentual(%GC) e percentual de gordura do tronco(%GT) por meio da técnica absortiometria de raios-X de dupla energia(DEXA). A Intervenção consistiu de treinamento concorrente (treino resistido [30 minutos] e aeróbio [30 minutos]) com três sessões semanais. Para análise estatística utilizou-se teste t de Student, qui-quadrado, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson por meio do software SPSS(17.0) e significância estatística fixada em p

Modelo do estudo: Estudo Transversal. Objetivos: Verificar a relação entre gordura corporal, número de passos e capacidade cardiorrespiratória em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Métodos: 57 mulheres acima dos 50 anos foram divididas em quatro grupos de acordo com a mediana da faixa etária (< 60,8 ≥ 60,8 anos) e gordura corporal (

Modelo do estudo: Estudo original Objetivo: Verificar possíveis associações entre o perfil hemodinâmico e metabólico de crianças e adolescentes obesos e suas mães. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 69 crianças e adolescentes obesos, de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária compreendida entre seis e 15 (10,6 ± 3,04) anos. Por meio de avaliações específicas foram analisadas as variáveis de composição corporal (massa corporal magra, massa de gordura em quilos e percentual), hemodinâmicas (pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica) e bioquímicas (glicemia, colesterol total e suas frações) dos filhos. Entre as mães foi realizado uma avaliação de composição corporal por meio de antropometria e impedância bioelétrica, aferição de pressão arterial e aplicação de questionário auto referido de doenças. Para o tratamento estatístico foram realizados análise descritiva, teste t de Student independente e análise de associação entre alterações maternas com seus respectivos filhos por meio de teste de Mc Nemar, adotando-se pd” 0,05. Todo o tratamento estatístico foi realizado por meio do software SPSS, 17.0. Resultados: Ser filho de mães diabéticas ou hipertensas associa-se com a presença de alterações nas variáveis de glicemia, pressão arterial sistólica ou diastólica. Quando a mãe apresenta mais de uma variável de risco cardiovascular a sua prole também possui alguma alteração metabólica ou em variáveis dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos (PA). Conclusão: No presente estudo observaram-se associações entre variáveis metabólicas e parâmetros hemodinâmicos entre crianças e adolescentes obesos com suas respectivas mães.

Modelo de estudo: Estudo Original Objetivo: Examinar a relação entre a prática habitual da atividade física (AF) com a gordura corporal total, gordura do tronco e glicemia de jejum em mulheres na menopausa. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 60 mulheres na menopausa com média de idade de 61,0 anos, da cidade de Presidente Prudente - SP. A massa corporal (MC) e a estatura foram mensuradas para o cálculo de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). A gordura corporal total (GC) e a gordura de tronco (TrG) foram estimadas por meio do DEXA. A glicemia sanguinea foi dosada e classificada de acordo com os valores de referência da American Diabetes Association (1997). A prática habitual de AF foi estimada utilizando acelerômetro triaxial (Actigraph) e classificada de acordo com Sasaki (2010). Foi realizada a comparação entre mulheres com valores de glicemia normal e glicemia alterada por meio do teste Kruskal-Wallis. Foi utlizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e em seguida a regressão logística binária para verificar a associação entre nível de AF e compoisção corporal com glicemia de jejum. Resultados: Mulheres que apresentavam hiperglicemia obtiveram maiores valores de MC (p=0,040), IMC (p=0,002) e GC (p=0,046), além de valores menores de AF (p=0,019), moderada (p=0,041) e de moderada+vigorosa (p=0,041). A variável AF moderada e moderada+vigorosa, apresentaram, respectivamente, correlação negativa significante percentual de GC (p=0,003) e com TrG(p=0,021 e p=0,021), quando analisado os valores absolutos de GC foi observado correlação negativa com a soma moderda+vigorosa (p=0,049). As mulheres que obtiveram menore valores de TrG e que foram classificadas como suficientemente ativas apresentaram fator de proteção (RC=0,133 [IC=0,023-0,784]) para glicemia de jejum alterada. Conclusão: A prática de AF de intensidade moderada-vigorosa, realizada pelo menos 150 minutos semanais, associado à baixa gordura de tronco, é um fator protetor para a hiperglicemia em mulheres na menopausa.

Modelo do estudo: Estudo transversal. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a associação entre composição corporal, mobilidade e equilíbrio de idosos com idade igual ou superior a 80 anos. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 123 idosos com idade entre 80 e 95 anos (83,2±2,7 anos), sendo 78 mulheres (83,2±2,9 anos) e 45 homens (83,2±2,4 anos) residentes na área urbana de Presidente Prudente - SP. A avaliação da composição corporal foi feita pelo método de Absorciometria por Dupla Emissão de Raios-X (DEXA). A mobilidade e o equilíbrio foram avaliados por meio dos testes de velocidade para caminhar, equilíbrio estático e força de membros inferiores. Para tratamento estatístico realizou-se o teste qui-quadrado, o software utilizado foi SPSS (13.0) e o nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. Resultados: No grupo masculino, os idosos com maior desempenho nos testes funcionais apresentaram maiores valores percentuais de massa muscular (MM) (35,6%) comparados aos de menor desempenho (15,6%), p=0,026. No grupo feminino, as idosas com maior desempenho nos testes apresentaram maiores valores de densidade mineral óssea (DMO) (30,8%) comparadas as de menor desempenho (20,5%) p=0,041. Conclusão: A MM para idosos do sexo masculino e a DMO para o sexo feminino foram os componentes da composição corporal que se associaram com a capacidade funcional.

Modelo de Estudo: Ensaio clínico controlado. Objetivo: Verificar a resposta de 16 semanas do treinamento aeróbio e resistido combinado sobre a modulação autonômica em mulheres na menopausa.Métodos: 17 mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo treino (GT: n=11) e grupo controle (GC:n=6). As variáveis de composição corporal foram estimadas pela absorptiometria radiológica de dupla energia. A modulação autonômica foi avaliada pela variabilidade da frequência cardíaca usando índices lineares. O protocolo de treinamento consistiu em 16 semanas, por 50 minutos de treinamento resistido e 30 minutos de treinamento aeróbio. Resultados: Para o GT houve incremento do índice rMSSD(ms)(pre:17,4±3,7 e pos:24,8±13,1, p

Modelo do estudo: Estudo transversal. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRC) e a capacidade funcional de idosos longevos. Materiais e Método: A amostra foi composta por 91 idosos com idade entre 80 e 90 anos (83,0±2,3 anos), sendo 60 mulheres (82,9±2,1 anos) e 31 homens (83,2±2,6 anos) residentes na cidade de Presidente Prudente/SP. Os FRC analisados foram: Hipertensão Arterial (HA) e excesso de gordura corporal (total e tronco). A presença de Hipertensão foi verificada por meio do questionário auto-referido baseado no Standard Health Questionnaire(SHQ). A avaliação da gordura corporal foi feita pela absorpiometria de dupla energia de raios-X (DEXA) e a capacidade funcional foi avaliada por meio dos testes funcionais (equilíbrio estático, velocidade usual de caminhada e força de membros inferiores). Para tratamento estatístico realizou-se o teste qui-quadrado, o software utilizado foi SPSS (13.0) e o nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. Resultados: Os idosos com a presença de HA e excesso de %GC apresentaram menor desempenho no teste de membros inferiores (83,3% menor e 16,7% maior), p=0,011 comparados aqueles com apenas um FCR. As idosas com a presença de HA e excesso de %GTron também apresentaram menor desempenho no mesmo teste (80,6% menor e 19,4% maior), p=0,018 e no teste de velocidade de caminhada (80,6% menor e 19,4% maior), p=0,034. Conclusão: A HA e o excesso de gordura corporal (total e tronco) agregados são FRC, que estão associados à redução da capacidade funcional de idosos longevos.

Modelo de estudo: Estudo prospectivo. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um protocolo de treinamento concorrente com duração de 16 semanas sobre fatores de risco para o acúmulo de gordura hepática de jovens obesos. Metodologia: A amostra foi formada por 38 indivíduos obesos de ambos os sexos e com idade entre 12 e 15 anos. A obesidade foi atestada pelo percentual de gordura corporal, o qual foi estimado pela absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DEXA). Adicionalmente, a quantidade de gordura localizada no tronco (kg) foi estimada também. Antes e após a intervenção, os jovens foram submetidos a exames bioquímicos de sangue(perfil lipídico completo em jejum [mg/dL]) e a ultrassonografia do fígado (tamanho dos lobos direito [LD em cm] e esquerdo [LE em cm]). A Intervenção consistiu de treinamento concorrente (treino resistido [30 minutos] e aeróbio [30 minutos]) com três sessões semanais, totalizando 180 minutos por semana. A análise estatística foi composta pelo teste t de Student para dados pareados, utilizando o software SPSS (17.0), e significância estatística fixada em p