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The coupled higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations (CHNLSEs) are investigated in this paper. This model mimic the actuation of the solitons through multimode fibers. The technique of improved modified extended tanh function is used to conduct the study. Many exact solutions are achieved like bright solitons, dark solitons and singular solitons. Moreover, singular periodic solutions, Weierstrass elliptic function solutions, hyperbolic and Jacobi elliptic solutions are raised. Using 3D and 2D graphs, the physical behavior of the produced solutions is illustrated.

Abstract Background Climate changes have led to health and environmental risks, so it has become essential to measure climate change literacy among the entire population, especially nursing students. The significant role of nursing students in raising public awareness and future healthcare roles emphasizes assessing the predictors of climate change literacy among nursing students. Aims This study seeks to identify the predictors of climate change literacy among nursing students in A Multi-Site Survey. Design A multi-site descriptive cross-sectional study adheres to the guidelines outlined in A Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting Survey Studies collected for five months, from the 1st of July 2023 to November 2023. The study participants comprise 10,084 nursing students from all 27 governments in Egypt. The researcher used the Predictors of Nursing Students’ Climate Change Literacy scale in this study. Data was collected, with 25 min average time to complete. Backward multiple linear regression was used to identify these predictors. Results In the current study, nursing students demonstrated a moderate understanding of climate science (mean score 14.38), communication and advocacy skills (mean score 14.41), and knowledge of adaptation and mitigation strategies (mean score 13.33). Climate health impacts (mean score 17.72) emerged as the domain with the highest level of knowledge. No significant differences in climate literacy were observed across diverse student backgrounds (all p-values were > 0.05). Perceived faculty knowledge of climate change positively correlated with all four domains of climate literacy and emerged as a significant predictor in multiple linear regression analyses (all p-values were

We investigated the dynamics of highly dispersive nonlinear gap solitons in optical fibers with dispersive reflectivity, utilizing a conformable fractional derivative model. The modified extended direct algebraic method was employed to obtain various soliton solutions, including bright solitons and singular solitons, as well as hyperbolic and trigonometric solutions. The key findings demonstrated that the fractional derivative parameter (α) can effectively control the wave propagation, causing a shift in the wave signal while maintaining the same amplitude. This is a novel contribution, as the ability to control soliton properties through the conformable derivative is explored for the first time in this work. The results showcase the significant influence of fractional derivatives in shaping the characteristics of the soliton solutions, which is crucial for accurately modeling the dispersive and nonlocal effects in optical fibers. This research provides insights into the potential applications of fractional calculus in the design and optimization of photonic devices for optical communication systems.

Abstract Tobacco smoking, a significant public health concern globally, is associated with a rise in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and preventable deaths, with pronounced impacts in conflict zones like Gaza. A cross-sectional study, conducted in 2020, in Gaza focused on individuals over 40 years of age, aiming to identify predictors of tobacco use and its links to diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic lung disease (CLD), and stroke using regression analysis. The research, based on the Gaza NCD study data with 4576 participants and a 96.6% response rate, found an overall tobacco smoking prevalence of 19.4%, with higher rates among men. After adjusting for various factors, the study identified significant associations between cigarette smoking in men and adverse health outcomes, such as CAD and CLD, with adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 1.67, 95% CI (1.22–2.29) and 1.68, 95% CI (1.21–2.33) respectively. However, after adjusting for independent variables, shisha smoking in men showed no association with these health outcomes. The findings of this study could assist other researchers in designing interventions aimed at reducing smoking prevalence by utilizing the associated factors identified in our analysis, such as age, education level, physical activity, and body mass index among men in Gaza.

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression are potentially harmful outcomes of permanent cardiac pacemakers. Dual-chamber P.P.M. is frequently used to treat life threatening bradycardia. The study aims to estimate the effect of the right ventricular PM lead position on recipients’ anxiety and depression before, 6 months, and 1 year after implantation. Results A statistically significant correlation was discovered between the studied groups regarding HADS depression score after 6 months (p 0.013) and 1 year (p 0.013). A statistically non-significant difference was found among the studied groups at any point of time regarding baseline (p 0.063), after 6 months (p 0.054), or after 1 year (p 0.099). Significance was found between HADS anxiety score (p 0.015) or depression score after 1 year and the incidence of complications (p 0.001). Conclusions A strong relationship was found between the level of depression and the R.V. site of implantation, as patients with the apical group had higher levels of depression post-implantation. The septal position has less stress and depression on the patient’s well-being than the apical one.

Water scarcity poses a significant challenge in arid and semi-arid regions, necessitating a focused exploration of groundwater resources. Egypt, confronted with various water challenges, particularly in its Western Desert, relies heavily on groundwater as the exclusive water source due to the presence of the Nubian Sandstone aquifer. Effective groundwater management in this region is imperative. This study delves into the hydrogeological characteristics of the Nubian Sandstone aquifer system (NSAS) in the prominent New Valley Oases—Kharga, Dakhla, and Farafra—where agricultural activities heavily depend on groundwater. The primary objective entails a meticulous temporal assessment of the impact of groundwater development on aquifer behavior, groundwater levels, and drawdown. Employing a remote sensing approach, agricultural expansion from 1995 to 2020 was scrutinized. The Visual MODFLOW package served as a robust tool for simulating groundwater flow in the study areas. Noteworthy findings reveal an upward trajectory in agricultural crop areas, escalating by approximately 6% from 1740 km² in 1995 to 1850 km² in 2020. Concurrently, drawdown, influenced by current groundwater extraction, is anticipated to range from 0.5 to 5 meters per year. To ensure the sustainable development of these areas, stringent regulations must be implemented, underscoring the imperative for judicious groundwater management practices. This research underscores the critical need for informed decision-making and proactive measures to address the evolving dynamics of groundwater resources in the New Valley Oases.

Stochastic optical solitons are a fascinating phenomenon in nonlinear optics where soliton-like behavior emerges in systems affected by stochastic noise. This study investigates the influence of Brownian motion on wave propagation in optical fibers. The propagation is modeled using a stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation incorporating quintuple power-law nonlinearity and nonlinear chromatic dispersion. To explore this, the improved modified extended tanh (IMET) scheme, leveraging the extended Riccati equation, is employed. This technique facilitates the extraction of various stochastic solutions, including bright, dark, and singular solitons. Furthermore, solutions in the shapes of exponential, singular periodic, and Weierstrass elliptic forms are investigated. The study looks at how the strength of noise impacts various solutions, and Matlab software is used to create 2D and 3D graphs that show the results. It has been noted that when noise intensity rises, signal level falls and surface flattens.

Background: Venomous marine cone snails produce unique neurotoxins called conopeptides or conotoxins, which are valuable for research and drug discovery. Characterizing Conus venom is important, especially for poorly studied species, as these tiny and steady molecules have considerable potential as research tools for detecting new pharmacological applications. In this study, a worm-hunting cone snail, Conus flavidus inhabiting the Red Sea coast were collected, dissected and the venom gland extraction was subjected to proteomic analysis to define the venom composition, and confirm the functional structure of conopeptides. Results: Analysis of C. flavidus venom identified 117 peptide fragments and assorted them to conotoxin precursors and non-conotoxin proteins. In this procedure, 65 conotoxin precursors were classified and identified to 16 conotoxin precursors and hormone superfamilies. In the venom of C. flavidus, the four conotoxin superfamilies T, A, O2, and M were the most abundant peptides, accounting for 75.8% of the total conotoxin diversity. Additionally, 19 non-conotoxin proteins were specified in the venom, as well as several potentially biologically active peptides with putative applications. Conclusion: Our research displayed that the structure of the C. flavidus-derived proteome is similar to other Conus species and includes toxins, ionic channel inhibitors, insulin-like peptides, and hyaluronidase. This study provides a foundation for discovering new conopeptides from C. flavidus venom for pharmaceutical use.

The aim of this research is to provide a new computer-assisted approach for predicting thermophoresis particle decomposition on three-dimensional Casson nanofluid flow that passed over a stretched surface (thermophoresis particle decomposition on three-dimensional Casson nanofluid flow; TPD-CNF). In order to understand the flow behavior of nanofluid flow model, an optimized Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm with backpropagation neural network (LMLA-BPNN) has been designed. The mathematical model of TPD-CNF framed with appropriate assumptions and turned into ordinary differential equations via suitable similarity transformations are used. The bvp4c approach is used to collect the data for the LMLA-BPNN, which is used for parameters related with the TPD-CNF model controlling the velocity, temperature, and nanofluid concentration profiles. The proposed algorithm LMLA-BPNN is used to evaluate the obtained TDP-CNF model performance in various instances, and a correlation of the findings with a reference dataset is performed to check the validity and efficacy of the proposed algorithm for the analysis of nanofluids flow composed of sodium alginate nanoparticles dispersed in base fluid water. Statistical tools such as Mean square error, State transition dynamics, regression analysis, and error dynamic histogram investigations all successfully validate the suggested LMLA-BPNN for solving the TPD-CNF model. LMLA-BPNN networks have been used to numerically study the impact of different parameters of interest, such as Casson parameter, power-law index, thermophoretic parameter, and Schmidt number on flow profiles (axial and transverse), and energy and nanofluid concentration profiles. The range, i.e., 10−4–10−5 of absolute error of the reference and target data demonstrates the optimal accuracy performance of LMLA-BPNN networks.

The development of movable bridges is a modern technological advancement that requires the integration of multi-disciplinary concepts such as control, automation, and design. In order to demonstrate how a collision avoidance system works, this research offers the design of an automated double-leaf bascule bridge with a pulley-rope moving mechanism and Pratt truss. The bridge is created where a settled railway or roadway intersection of a navigable stream cannot attain a steep profile. The design took into account the length, height, and width of the bridge as well as automatic ship identification and scaffold leaf movement activity for ship crossing. For the safe passage of cars on the bridge and for stopping vehicles during bridge movement, the system includes a collision avoidance control system and an automated road barrier system. After sensor adjustment, the model bridge’s performance under test produced results that were adequate, with a success rate of 100%.

Decision-making problems can often be effectively solved using traditional optimization methods that have a clearly defined configuration. However, in real-world scenarios, decision-makers frequently encounter doubt or hesitation, making it challenging to precisely specify certain parameters. As a result, they often seek input from different experts, leading to conflicting values and varying levels of satisfaction among decision-makers. This uncertainty and lack of crisp values make decision-making problems inherently non-deterministic. In this paper, a novel Pythagorean hesitant fuzzy (PHF) programming method is designed to address the challenges of optimization problems with multiple objectives. Here PHF aggregation operators are used to aggregate the PHF memberships and non-memberships of the objectives. Additionally, to account the uncertainties of the parameters of the optimization problem Parabolic Pythagorean fuzzy number is used and centroid method is applied for defuzzification. We solved an example of multi objective optimization problem of manufacturing system to demonstrate our proposed method and finally, presented a case study on reliability optimization model for Life Support Systems, where the primary objectives are to maximize system reliability and minimize cost. The result is compared with other existing methods by degree of closeness.

Anthropogenic activities in Egypt's Ain Sokhna area have significantly impacted the local coastal environment. These activities, including urbanization, industrial development, infrastructure construction, and tourism, have collectively contributed to geomorphological changes along the coastline. Ain Sokhna has experienced notable urban growth and the establishment of residential and commercial complexes, especially along the coastline. the construction of residential properties, hotels, and resorts has led to the transformation of natural shorelines and land reclamation from the sea.Tourism and recreational developments, including marinas, golf courses, and resorts, have expanded in the Ain Sokhna area . These activities often entail land reclamation and the introduction of non-native vegetation, thereby altering the natural coastal ecosystem. Industrial zones and facilities, including ports, warehouses, and factories, have been established along the coast . Moreover, the construction of ports and port facilities has involved dredging and changes in sediment dynamics, affecting coastal erosion and accretion patterns. The construction of coastal protection structures, such as seawalls, breakwaters, and groynes, has been employed to mitigate coastal erosion and protect infrastructure. While effective in the short term, these structures may alter natural coastal dynamics, posing long-term consequences for shoreline stability.

Abstract Objective There is growing evidence supporting the presence of oral manifestations associated with COVID-19. The study investigates the knowledge of dental undergraduates and recently graduated dentists concerning oral presentations related to COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study in Saudi Arabia comprised 305 individuals, including undergraduate dental students, interns, and freshly graduated dentists. Data were collected using a questionnaire disseminated to approximately 500 subjects via WhatsApp groups and other applications. The questionnaire was tested in a pilot study for validity, edited, and validated by 2 supervisors at the College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding sociodemographic attributes, the level of expertise of dental practitioners, and their knowledge and perspectives regarding COVID-19 and the implementation of oral lesions interrelated to it. The data was subjected to analysis through the utilization of descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, employing the statistical software SPSS (version 24). Results About 43.9% of subjects stated that COVID-19 causes oral symptoms. Respondents most frequently reported COVID-19-related dry mouth. Oral ulcers, Candida infection, Hyperpigmentation, tongue coating, atrophy, Petechiae, Herpes, white lesions, Gingivitis, and Periodontitis are further symptoms. COVID-19’s oral manifestation was unknown to 41.0% of subjects, and 37.7% of respondents lacked knowledge regarding the most impacted locations of oral manifestations. Oral signs and COVID-19 symptoms are debated and significantly associated with higher educational levels. Conclusion The dental students and freshly graduated dentists in this study have proper knowledge of COVID-19 and its symptoms. Also, most dental students and newly graduated dentists recognize the potential correlation between COVID-19 and oral manifestations with an average to excellent knowledge of the types and sites commonly affected. The level of awareness was associated with higher educational levels.

ObjectiveTo evaluate incidence and predictors of early silent bypass occlusion following coronary bypass surgery using cardiac computed tomography angiography.MethodsA total of 439 consecutive patients with mean age of 66 ± 10 years comprising 17% (n = 75) females underwent isolated coronary bypass surgery followed by CT scan before discharge. Graft patency was evaluated in 1,319 anastomoses where 44% (n = 580) arterial and 56% (n = 739) vein graft anastomosis were performed. Cardiovascular risk factors, demographics, and intraoperative variables were analyzed. We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to analyze variables potentially associated with graft occlusion following CABG. Variables included gender, surgery duration, graft flow, pulsatility index, vein vs. artery graft, and recent MI.ResultsOverall incidence of graft occlusion was 2.4% (31/1,319), and it was diagnosed in 6.6% (29/439) of patients. The difference in occlusion between arterial (2.1%) and vein (2.6%) grafts was not significant, p = 0.68. The duration of intervention p = 0.034, cross clamp time p = 0.024 as well the number of distal anastomosis p = 0.034 were significantly higher in occlusion group. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression indicated duration of surgery being predictive for bypass graft occlusion with OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01–1.38; p = 0.035.ConclusionsEarly graft occlusion was associated with surgical factors. The number of distant anastamoses, along duration of surgical intervention were, significantly influenced the risk of EGO. Prolonged procedural time reflecting complex coronary pathology and time-consuming revascularization procedure was as well associated to the elevated risk of occlusion.

In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with nonlocal nonlinearity having nonlinear chromatic dispersion and Kudryashov’s generalized quintuple-power. For the suggested model, dark solitons, and singular solitons are investigated using the modified extended mapping approach. Furthermore, rational solutions, exponential solutions, hyperbolic wave solutions, singular periodic solutions, and Jacobi elliptic function solutions are shown. We impose certain limits on the parameters in order to guarantee the existence of the obtained soliton solutions. Furthermore, a few chosen solutions are also displayed graphically to illustrate the physical characteristics of the precise solutions. Furthermore, we use the idea of modulation instability analysis to discuss the stability of the derived wave solutions.

In this paper, the modified extended direct algebraic technique is used for determining new and various traveling wave solutions to the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with Kudryashov's law of nonlinearity. This model describes the propagation of optical solitons through magneto-optic wave-guides. Various solutions such as dark solitons, singular solitons, hyperbolic solutions, singular periodic solutions, rational solutions, Jacobi elliptic solutions and Weierstrass elliptic function solution are raised. To demonstrate the physical behavior of the obtained solutions, 3D and 2D graphs are introduced.

The ever-increasing number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) requires appropriate electric vehicle grid integration (EVGI) for charging coordination to maintain grid stability and enhance PEV user convenience. As such, the widespread adoption of electric mobility can be successful. EVGI is facilitated through charging stations and empowers PEV users to manage their charging demand by using smart charging solutions. This makes PEV grids assets that provide flexibility to the power grid. The Internet of Things (IoT) feature can make smooth EVGI possible through a supporting communication infrastructure. In this regard, the selection of an appropriate communication protocol is essential for the successful implementation of EVGI. This study assesses the efficacy of the UK’s 4G network with TCP and 4G UDP protocols for potential EVGI operations. For this, an EVGI emulation test bed is developed, featuring three charging parking lots with the capacity to accommodate up to 64 PEVs. The network’s performance is assessed in terms of data packet loss (e.g., the data-exchange capability between EVGI entities) and latency metrics. The findings reveal that while 4G TCP often outperforms 4G UDP, both achieve latencies of less than 1 s with confidence intervals of 90% or greater for single PEV cases. However, it is observed that the high penetration of PEVs introduces a pronounced latency due to queuing delays in the network including routers and the base station servers, highlighting the challenges associated with maintaining efficient EVGI coordination, which in turn affects the efficient use of grid assets.

The present study aimed to determine the effects of three different doses of three thyme essential oils on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The present study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions (25°C temperature and 65% relative humidity) in 2020. Various thyme varieties (Origanum majorona (L.), Origanum saccatum P.H. Davis, Thymbra spicata var spicata L. ( Lamiaceae)), cultivated in Diyarbakır province ecological conditions were employed in the study. After the 4th day of the experiment, the highest mortality rates (100%) were observed with the highest doses of T. spicata var spicata and O. majarona on S. granarius adults, while the mortality rate was 73.75% with O. saccatum. The LC90 values for T. spicata var. spicata, O. majarona, and O. saccatum were 0.9, 0.1, and 1.3 µl/ml respectively. After the 4th day, 100% S. oryzae adult mortality was observed with higher doses of O. majarona (0.5%; 1% v/v), while 1% (v/v) T. spicata var spicata dose led to a 72.50%, and 1% (v/v) O. saccatum oil dose led to 46.25% mortality.

Abstract Background Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and challenging cancer for diagnosis and treatment. Accurate diagnosis plays a crucial role guiding appropriate treatment, typically involving high-intensity lymphoblastic leukemia regimens which typically include vincristine. However, the use of vincristine may be particularly limited in patients with pre-existing neuropathy or individuals at high risk of developing it. Here, we present a case of BPDCN that was initially diagnosed as marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and subsequently as non-specific T-cell lymphoma, thus highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and modified treatment. Case presentation A 49-year-old Arab man with a medical history of diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, and depression presented with widespread, painless multiple skin lesions. After undergoing a biopsy at another institution, the patient was initially diagnosed with MZL, and received two cycles of bendamustine and rituximab. However, the disease relapsed and was later diagnosed with non-specific T-cell lymphoma, which proved refractory to a single cycle of CHOP chemotherapy. The patient was subsequently referred to our centre, where a comprehensive evaluation revealed BPDCN with a unique finding on bone marrow exam: signet ring plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Due to the patient's pre-existing neuropathy and previous treatment, we administered the Hyper-CVAD regimen with a 50% reduction in vincristine dosage, which resulted in an excellent response. During the second part of cycle one, when new skin lesions started appearing, venetoclax was added to the treatment regimen. Subsequently, we discontinued vincristine due to worsening neuropathic pain and neuropathy-related weakness. Venetoclax was continued in cycle two and led to a complete response. The patient achieved a disease-free state for the first time in disease course, maintaining it for a period of over six weeks before experiencing a relapse. Conclusions Accurate diagnosis is crucial for guiding appropriate treatment. Our case highlights the challenges associated with diagnosis and treatment, as well as the potential of venetoclax as an alternative to vincristine, particularly in patients with pre-existing neuropathy or those at a high risk of developing it. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of BCL2 inhibitors as a replacement for essential drugs and its potential as a bridging therapy until patients can undergo a stem cell transplant.

This article aims to review the application of the concept of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany using Hassan Hanafi's phenomenological hermeneutics as an analytical approach. The socio-political and thought conditions of al-Baqilany's time became a problem in itself. The diversity of society that is not only from the Arab community also raises problems that require special handling. Qadi al-Baqilani had a view of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar who could respond to the realities of the time. This research uses qualitative methods with the type of literature study. The choice of Hasan Hanafi's phenomenological hermeneutics as an approach aims to deepen the study so as to get a complete picture of the real implementation of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany. The researcher's analysis includes socio-historical conditions, texts, reality and people's consciousness. The main instruments are reduction data, display data and conclusions. The results show that a) the socio-historical, political and thought of society is very diverse. There was a lot of poverty and misthinking by the Mu'tazilites as key holders of the madhhab in government. So that the implementation carried out by Al-Baqilany is to conduct scientific debates to several schools or schools, especially the Mu'tazilites, Jahmiyah and Shia in the place provided by the government. And also by contradicting the Roman king, b) the incorporation of reason and naqli in every argument, c) the use of linguistic elements needed in his works and debates, d) the use of communicative, systematic, simple and understandable language at every level of his works and e) the existence of mass awareness efforts.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis throughout the world, is frequently linked to food-borne illness. Products made from poultry are important sources of transmission. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the incidence of Salmonella species in Kuwait's broiler flocks and determine which antibiotics are the most effective against the various Salmonella serotypes. A total of 2064 chicken samples (liver, intestine, and caecum) were collected from dead carcasses raised ten broiler flocks, between January and December 2017. The results revealed that S. enterica were found in the chicken older than 7 days old even though they did not have any signs of a clinical illness. It means that S. enterica can enter the human food supply through slaughterhouses and the contaminate carcasses. There was significant difference between the rate of Salmonella isolation and seasons, where the winter season had higher rate of Salmonella isolation compared to the other seasons. Salmonella Enteritidis and S. typhimurium were the most frequently isolated serotypes. Antimicrobials susceptibility testing showed that 88% to 60% of the isolates were sensitive to Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid. However, most of Salmonella isolates revealed high resistance to Cefotaxime, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim followed by Gentamycin, Spiramycin, Doxycycline and Chloramphenicol. The study highlights the implementation of unique biosecurity and biocontrol strategies for Salmonella management that can prevent the negative effects of antibiotics and can make the environment and foods derived from animals safe.

In this work, we investigate the fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger's equation with cubic–quintic–septic–nonic nonlinearity that is frequently encountered in modern physics study. Additionally, it is an important equation for researching problems with light pulse transmission in nonlinear dispersive optical medium. Studying is conducted by applying the improved modified extended tanh-function scheme. Various types of solutions, such as bright solitons, hyperbolic solutions, singular solitons and dark solitons solutions are extracted for the investigated model. The extracted solutions confirmed the efficacy and strength of the current technique. To illustrate the physical characteristics of the established solutions, many selected solutions are visually depicted.

The higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) describes ultrashort pulse propagation in optical fibres. In this paper, we discuss analytically the non-linear schrödinger equation with higher order dispersion terms up to sixth order and sextic power law of nonlinearity with the help of the improved modified extended tanh-function scheme. New families of solutions, such as dark solitons, singular solitons, rational solutions, periodic solutions and exponential type solutions, have been extracted. Extracted solutions will be useful in the development of the communication systems. Furthermore, some solutions are graphically depicted to demonstrate their physical nature by using distinct values of the parameters.

In this article, stochastic solutions of Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation (RKLE) with multiplicative noise are investigated. Studying is conducted with the aid of the modified extended direct algebraic integration technique which depended on the extended Riccati equation. To aid in our evaluation, a graphic representation of noise’s impact on the retrieved solutions is presented using MATLAB software packages.

In this paper, the stochastic fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quantic nonlinearity and affected by multiplicative noise is considered. This model is used to mimic the wave propagation through optical fibers. The improved modified extended tanh method is used to extract optical solutions for the investigated model. Various types of stochastic solutions are provided such as bright soliton, dark soliton, singular soliton, singular periodic solution and Weierstrass elliptic solution. Moreover, Matlab software packages are used to introduce the effect of the multiplicative noise on the raised solutions. The noise intensity is varied to show the robust of the extracted solutions against the noise.

Throughout this article, the improved modified extended tanh function method is presented for deriving fresh travelling wave alternative solutions in different forms of nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with higher-order dispersive and nonlinear effects that describes the propagation of ultra-short optical solitons in an optical fiber medium. For this model, we have a variety of new solutions, including solitons (bright, dark and singular), exponential, singular periodic and Jacobi elliptic solutions. Graphical representations of selected solutions are provided to demonstrate the physical properties of the raised solutions.

A wet-etching technique based on a mixture of hydrochloric (HCl) and nitric (HNO3) acids is introduced, demonstrating exceptional 42:1 selectivity for etching N-polar GaN over Al0.24Ga0.76N. In the absence of an AlGaN etch stop layer, the etchant primarily targets N-polar unintentionally doped (UID) GaN, indicating its potential as a suitable replacement for selective dry etches in the fabrication of GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The efficacy and selectivity of this etchant were confirmed through its application to a gate recess module of a deep-recess HEMT, where, despite a 228% over-etch, the 2.6 nm AlGaN etch stop layer remained intact. We also evaluated the proposed method for the selective etching of the GaN cap in the n+ regrowth process, achieving a contact resistance matching that of a BCl3/SF6 ICP process. These findings underscore the applicability and versatility of the etchant in both the electronic and photonic domains and are particularly applicable to the development of N-polar deep-recess HEMTs.

This context focuses on examining the manner in which localized waves travel through a non-linear medium that adheres to a dual-power law. This medium encompasses a range of disruptions like inter modal dispersion, self frequency shift, and self-steepening effects. This investigation entails employing an improved modified extended tanh function (IMETF) technique to obtain various novel optical soliton solutions which include bright, dark, singular and combo singular-dark solitons. Furthermore, we extract singular periodic, exponential, rational, and Weierstrass elliptic solutions. To showcase their physical characteristics, we provide graphical representations in 3D and 2D of some of the derived solutions.

Purpose: Combined anterior and posterior ring (APR) fixation is classically performed in Tile B2 and C1 injuries to achieve superior biomechanical stability. However, the posterior ring (PR) is the main weight bearing portion that is responsible for weight transmission from the upper parts of the body to the lower limbs through the sacrum and the linea terminalis. It is hypothesized that isolated PR fixation can achieve comparable radiological and clinical outcomes to APR fixation. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare the two fixation principles in managing Tile B2 and C1 injuries. Methods: Our study included 20 patients with Tile B2 injuries and 20 patients with Tile C1 injuries. This study was a randomized control single-blinded study via computerized random numbers with a 1:1 allocation by using random block method. The study was performed at a level one trauma center. A total of 40 patients with Tile B2 and C1 injuries underwent combined APR or isolated PR fixation (Group A and B, respectively). Matta & Tornetta radiological principles and Majeed pelvic scoring system were used for the assessment of primary outcomes and postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes included operative time, amount of blood loss, intraoperative assessment of reduction, need of another operation, length of hospital stay, ability to weight bear postoperatively and pain control metrics. We used student t-test to compare the difference in means between two groups, and Chi-square test to compare proportions between two qualitative parameters. We set the confidence interval to 95% and the margin of error accepted to 5%. So, p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 18 months. The operative time (mean difference 0.575 h) and the intraoperative blood loss (mean difference 97.5 mL) were lower in Group B. Also, despite the higher frequency of rami displacement before union in the same group, there were no significant differences in terms of radiological outcome (excellent outcome with OR = 2.357), clinical outcome (excellent outcome with OR = 2.852) and postoperative complications assessment (OR = 1.556) at last follow-up. Conclusion: The authors concluded that isolated PR fixation could favorably manage Tile B2 and C1 pelvic ring injuries with Nakatani zone II pubic rami fractures and intact inguinal ligament. Its final radiological and clinical outcomes and postoperative complications were comparable to combined APR fixation, but with less morbidity (shorter operation time, lower amount of blood, and no records of postoperative wound infection).

In the present article, the improved modified extended tanh function method is implemented to investigate the strain wave model which governs the wave propagation in micro-structured solids. Solitary and other wave solutions are provided for this model such as singular and bright solitary type solutions. In addition Kink, periodic, Jacobi elliptic, hyperbolic, exponential and Weierstrass elliptic type solutions are constructed. To show the physical characteristics of the raised solutions, graphical illustration of some solutions is presented.

Abstract Background Arabic-speaking refugees are the largest group of refugees arriving in the United States since 2008, yet little is known about their rates of healthcare access, utilization, and satisfaction after the end of the Refugee Medical Assistance (RMA) period. Methods This study was a cross-sectional observational study. From January to December 2019, a household survey was conducted of newly arrived Arabic-speaking refugees in Connecticut between 2016 and 2018. Households were interviewed in Arabic either in person or over the phone by one of five researchers. Descriptive statistics were generated for information collected on demographics, prevalence of chronic conditions, patterns of health seeking behavior, insurance status and patient satisfaction using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). Results Sixty-five households responded to the survey representing 295 Arabic-speaking refugees – of which 141 (48%) were children. Forty-seven households (72%) reported 142 chronic medical conditions among 295 individuals, 62 persons (21%) needed daily medication, 285 (97%) persons were insured. Median patient satisfaction was > 4.0 out of 5 for 6 of 7 domains of the PSQ-18 but wide variation (scores from 1.0 – 5.0). Conclusion Arabic-speaking refugees in Connecticut participating in this study were young. The majority remained insured after their Refugee Medical Assistance lapsed. They expressed median high satisfaction with health services but with wide variation. Inaccessibility of health services in Arabic and difficulty obtaining medications remain areas in need of improvement.

Background: Approximately 40 million people in need of palliative care worldwide, while 80% of them live in low- and middle-income countries. Kazakhstan, a low-to middle-income country with a reforming healthcare system, is committed to improving quality and accessibility of care for its 100,000 terminal patients in need of palliative care.Policy Options and Recommendations: To join the group of countries where palliative care is available, accessible, and affordable, Kazakhstan must integrate palliative services into the mainstream healthcare system at all levels, from primary healthcare to hospices, and from major cities to remote villages. Based on the evidence thoroughly collected directly from the Ministry of Health, authors propose a feasible set of recommendations regarding palliative policy, pain relief, infrastructure, workforce, and education, which could be implemented in LMICs beyond Kazakhstan.Conclusion: This study presents an analysis of challenges, recent developments, and needs of palliative care in Kazakhstan, including funding, policy, workforce, education, and infrastructure, providing an evidence base and recommendations for future development of palliative care in Kazakhstan and in other LMICs.

Approximately 60 million people require palliative care worldwide, and nearly 80% of them live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Providing palliative care in remote and rural areas of LMICs requires special consideration to ensure equitable access to healthcare. This perspective aims to deliver pragmatic, context-oriented policy recommendations designed to improve palliative care outcomes in Kazakhstan by capitalizing on existing resources and considering its unique geopolitical and sociocultural context. With approximately half of the population in Kazakhstan residing in remote and rural regions, the provision of healthcare services – specifically palliative care – mandates particular attention to ensure equal access to high-quality care. To understand challenges of implementing palliative care in remote and rural regions of Kazakhstan and to propose tailored solutions, 29 key stakeholders, including family caregivers, health professionals, and palliative care administrators, were identified in five regions of Kazakhstan. The main challenges encountered by family caregivers include lack of palliative care skills, the need for home-based care from mobile services, and high out-of-pocket expenditures. The challenges highlighted by healthcare providers and administrators were the lack of formal education in palliative care, shortage of opioids, and limited societal awareness and state support. Based on challenges elaborated from stakeholders and existing literature in palliative care and family caregiving, this perspective advocates against replicating the strategies implemented in high-income countries. Family caregivers play a critical role in implementing affordable and efficient palliative care in resource-limited settings. Enhancing their competencies through digital training and increasing access to palliative care services through mobile teams are tailored and localized solutions that address specific challenges in Kazakhstan. It is postulated that these recommendations may find utility in other LMICs, potentially benefiting nearly 48 million individuals who require these services.

TFET accurate physically based models are highly required to analyze and predict the device characteristics for its future utilization in circuits. In order to precisely model TFETs, it is essential to understand the several aspects related to the physics-based modeling of these devices. Using 2D TCAD simulation, we showed that in order to appropriately model the electrostatic potential in InAs-based TFETs, the electron quasi-Fermi potential (eQFP) should be taken to depend on biasing conditions, both VDS and VGS, contrary to the case of Si-based TFETs in which the eQFP is considered independent of VGS which is widely encountered in the literature. The study is carried out for InAs double-gate homojunction tunnel FETs (DG-TFETs). In addition, we applied the main key factor of dependence of eQFP on a modified TFET model and it is revealed that the interpretation of eQFP correctly predicts the electrostatic potential and the drain-to-source band to band tunneling current.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a pure exocellular polysaccharide produced by micro-organisms. It has several properties in comparison with plant-derived cellulose that make it perfectly suitable for many applications, ranging from the food industry to the biomedical area. Different production methods and modification or functionalization procedures have been investigated in response to the many possible attractive applications of BC. This review overviews the different fermentation techniques and functionalization methods together with the main possible biotechnological applications of BC for food industry and biomedical purposes.

The research aims to discover: - Designing and implementing an educational program using the 7ES strategy according to the triple reciprocal method of wrestling for the third stage. - Detecting the effect of using the 7ES strategy on the three-way reciprocal method in acquiring the art of performing some wrestling grips for third-stage students. In order to verify the objective of the research, the researchers hypothesized the following: There are no statistically significant differences in the post-test between the average scores of the students of the experimental groups who are taught according to the 7ES strategy and according to the triple reciprocal method among them in acquiring the art of performing some wrestling skills The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the research, and the research sample included (53) students from the third school year in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mosul, and by (16) students for the first experimental group, and (16) students for the second experimental group. Parity between the two groups in the basic variables (age, height, mass) and some elements of fitness. The implementation of the educational program took (6) weeks for the period from 15/4/2022 to 21/4/2022, with (6) educational plans for the first experimental group and (6) educational plans for the second experimental group, and the time of each educational plan is (90) minutes After completing the program, a post-test for skill achievement was conducted. The researchers used the following statistical methods: To reach the results of the current research, the researcher used the statistical package (SPSS), using the following statistical methods: - Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient "Pearson" and (t) test for uncorrelated samples. Spearman's equation. In light of the research results and within its limits, the researchers reached the following conclusions: - The first experimental group that was taught with the 7ES strategy outperformed the second experimental group that was taught with the 7ES strategy according to the triple reciprocal method in skill acquisition in grips (carrier item, head and arm, reservation of the two legs, then lift, scale, side roller). - There are no differences between the first and second experimental group in grip (picking the ankle of the foot) The researchers recommended: - Emphasis on the use of the 7ES strategy in teaching wrestling to third-year students. - The necessity of introducing competition at the end of the educational unit because it has a positive impact on the skillful achievement of the third stage of wrestling

The research aims to discover: - Designing and implementing an educational program using the ES7 strategy according to the bilateral reciprocal method of wrestling for the third stage - Detecting the effect of using the ES7 strategy on the bilateral reciprocal method in acquiring the art of performing some wrestling grips for third-stage students. In order to verify the objective of the research, the researchers hypothesized the following: - There are no statistically significant differences in the post-test between the average scores of the students of the experimental groups who are taught according to the ES7 strategy and according to the two-way reciprocal method among them in acquiring the art of performing some wrestling skills The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the research, and the research sample included (50) students from the third school year in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mosul, and by (16) students for the first experimental group, and (16) students for the second experimental group. Parity between the two groups in the basic variables (age, height, mass) and some elements of fitness. The implementation of the educational program took (6) weeks for the period from 15/4/2022 to 21/4/2022, with (6) educational plans for the first experimental group and (6) educational plans for the second experimental group, and the time of each educational plan is (90) minutes After completing the program, the post-test for skill achievement was conducted on 04/26/2022 The researchers used the following statistical methods: To reach the results of the current research, the researcher used the statistical package (SPSS), using the following statistical methods: - Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient "Pearson" and (t) test for uncorrelated samples.Spearman's equation. In light of the research results and within its limits, the researchers reached the following conclusions: - The first experimental group that was taught with the ES7 strategy outperformed the second experimental group that was taught with the ES7 strategy according to the two-way reciprocal method of skill acquisition in grips (carrier item, head and arm, reservation of the two legs, then lift, scale, side roller - There are no differences between the first and second experimental group in grip (picking the ankle of the foot The researchers recommended: - Emphasis on the use of the ES7 strategy in teaching wrestling to third-year students. - The necessity of introducing competition at the end of the educational unit because it has a positive impact on the skillful achievement of the third stage of wrestling.

The similarity of the Listeria innocua genome with Listeria monocytogenes and their presence in the same niche may facilitate gene transfer between them. A better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for bacterial virulence requires an in-depth knowledge of the genetic characteristics of these bacteria. In this context, draft whole genome sequences were completed on five L. innocua isolated from milk and dairy products in Egypt. The assembled sequences were screened for antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, plasmid replicons and multilocus sequence types (MLST); phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced isolates was also performed. The sequencing results revealed the presence of only one antimicrobial resistance gene, fosX, in the L. innocua isolates. However, the five isolates carried 13 virulence genes involved in adhesion, invasion, surface protein anchoring, peptidoglycan degradation, intracellular survival, and heat stress; all five lacked the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 1 (LIPI-1) genes. MLST assigned these five isolates into the same sequence type (ST), ST-1085; however, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis revealed 422–1,091 SNP differences between our isolates and global lineages of L. innocua. The five isolates possessed an ATP-dependent protease (clpL) gene, which mediates heat resistance, on a rep25 type plasmids. Blast analysis of clpL-carrying plasmid contigs showed approximately 99% sequence similarity to the corresponding parts of plasmids of L. monocytogenes strains 2015TE24968 and N1-011A previously isolated from Italy and the United States, respectively. Although this plasmid has been linked to L. monocytogenes that was responsible for a serious outbreak, this is the first report of L. innocua containing clpL-carrying plasmids. Various genetic mechanisms of virulence transfer among Listeria species and other genera could raise the possibility of the evolution of virulent strains of L. innocua. Such strains could challenge processing and preservation protocols and pose health risks from dairy products. Ongoing genomic research is necessary to identify these alarming genetic changes and develop preventive and control measures.

In this work, the improved modified extended tanh scheme is implemented to extract exact travelling wave solutions for perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation with Kudryashov’s law of refractive index and dual form of generalized nonlocal nonlinearity. Various types of solutions are extracted such as bright solitons, singular solitons, dark solitons, singular periodic wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, Jacobi elliptic functions, plane wave and hyperbolic wave solutions. Moreover, 3D and contour plots of some solutions are illustrated to show the physical nature of obtained solutions.

Abstract Roadway safety research indicates a correlation between drivers’ behavior, the demographics, and the local environment affecting the risk perception and roadway crashes. This research examines these issues in an Egyptian context by addressing three groups: private cars drivers, truck drivers, and public transportation drivers. A Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) was developed to capture information about drivers’ behavior, personal characteristics, risk perception, and involvement in crashes. The risk perception was captured subjectively by exposing participants to various visual scenarios representing specific local conditions to rank their perception of the situation from a safety perspective. Results indicated that the human factor, in particular, failure of keeping a safe following distance, was a major cause of crashes. The analyzed data was used to predict expected crash frequency based on personal attributes, such as age, driving experience, personality traits, and driving behavior, using negative binomial models. The study recommends that the DBQ technique, combined with risk perception scenarios, can be used to understand drivers’ characteristics and behaviors and collect information on the crashes they experience. Practically the study findings could provide series of recommendations to the local authorities about the introduction of the traffic management and noise control act; raising awareness of driving etiquette; setting and enforcing driving hours’ regulations, and consider specific training programs for beginners drivers.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy revolutionized chronic myeloid leukemia treatment and showed how targeted therapy and molecular monitoring could be used to substantially improve survival outcomes. We used chronic myeloid leukemia as a model to understand a critical question: why do some patients have an excellent response to therapy, while others have a poor response? We studied gene expression in whole blood samples from 112 patients from a large phase III randomized trial (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT00471497), dichotomizing cases into good responders (BCR::ABL1 ≤10% on the International Scale by 3 and 6 months and ≤0.1% by 12 months) and poor responders (failure to meet these criteria). Predictive models based on gene expression demonstrated the best performance (area under the curve =0.76, standard deviation =0.07). All of the top 20 pathways overexpressed in good responders involved immune regulation, a finding validated in an independent data set. This study emphasizes the importance of pretreatment adaptive immune response in treatment efficacy and suggests biological pathways that can be targeted to improve response.

The old economic and social growth model, characterized by centralized fossil energy consumption, is progressively shifting, and the third industrial revolution, represented by new energy and Internet technology, is gaining traction. Energy Internet, as a core technology of the third industrial revolution, aims to combine renewable energy and Internet technology to promote the large-scale use and sharing of distributed renewable energy as well as the integration of multiple complex network systems, such as electricity, transportation, and natural gas. This novel technology enables power networks to save energy. However, multienergy synchronization optimization poses a significant problem. As a solution, this study proposed an optimized approach based on the concept of layered control–collaborate optimization. The proposed method allows the distributed device to plan the heat, cold, gas, and electricity in the regional system in the most efficient way possible. Moreover, the proposed optimization model is simulated using a real-number genetic algorithm. It improved the optimal scheduling between different regions and the independence of distributed equipment with minimal cost. Furthermore, the inverse system and energy and cost saving rate of the proposed method are better than those of existing methods, which prove its effectiveness.

Abstract Background It is necessary for dental students and freshly graduated dentists to apply their education and practice to different clinical and preclinical procedures. The implant success rate and durability are high. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the level of knowledge, awareness and perception of dental students, interns and freshly graduated students regarding dental implant complications in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study design using a web-based method was conducted at different dental institutions in Saudi Arabia from December 2019 to March 2020. Data were collected from all (n = 288) undergraduate students, interns and freshly graduated dentists using a pretested standardized self-administered web-based questionnaire that was prepared and circulated using a template provided by Google Forms (Google, Inc., USA). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed to analyse the data using SPSS (version 20). Results A total of 288 participants completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 83.4%. Of the total participants, 37.5% showed a good level of knowledge regarding dental implant procedures, and 38.9% showed the same level of knowledge regarding implant complications. The most important cause of complications associated with dental implants was case selection, which accounted for 54.17%. Most participants (58.33%) chose massive bone loss related to implant failure as the most common late dental complication, while 26.39% chose postoperative infection as the most common early dental complication. In addition, 30.56% of the participants selected screw loosening as the most frequent mechanical complication. However, lack of implant primary stability was the most common hard-tissue implant complication. Based on aesthetic and reversible complications, restorations that were too buccal or too palatal and prosthetic-related, respectively, were the least common dental implant complications. Conclusions The level of knowledge among participants regarding dental implant complications differed among the institutions participating in this study. This difference reflects a significant variation that necessitates reviewing and standardizing dental implant curricula among these institutions.

This paper recovers a broad spectrum of optical solitons for the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation having a dual-power law of nonlinearity. The perturbation terms are from inter-modal dispersion and self-frequency shift. The integration scheme is the improved extended tanh function approach. The parameter constraints that naturally emerge are also enumerated.