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103 results on '"Islam, Saad"'

1. LeapFrog: The Rowhammer Instruction Skip Attack

Author

Adiletta, Andrew, Tol, M. Caner, Derya, Kemal, Sunar, Berk, and Islam, Saad

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract

Since its inception, Rowhammer exploits have rapidly evolved into increasingly sophisticated threats compromising data integrity and the control flow integrity of victim processes. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge for an attacker to identify vulnerable targets (i.e., Rowhammer gadgets), understand the outcome of the attempted fault, and formulate an attack that yields useful results. In this paper, we present a new type of Rowhammer gadget, called a LeapFrog gadget, which, when present in the victim code, allows an adversary to subvert code execution to bypass a critical piece of code (e.g., authentication check logic, encryption rounds, padding in security protocols). The LeapFrog gadget manifests when the victim code stores the Program Counter (PC) value in the user or kernel stack (e.g., a return address during a function call) which, when tampered with, repositions the return address to a location that bypasses a security-critical code pattern. This research also presents a systematic process to identify LeapFrog gadgets. This methodology enables the automated detection of susceptible targets and the determination of optimal attack parameters. We first show the attack on a decision tree algorithm to show the potential implications. Secondly, we employ the attack on OpenSSL to bypass the encryption and reveal the plaintext. We then use our tools to scan the Open Quantum Safe library and report on the number of LeapFrog gadgets in the code. Lastly, we demonstrate this new attack vector through a practical demonstration in a client/server TLS handshake scenario, successfully inducing an instruction skip in a client application. Our findings extend the impact of Rowhammer attacks on control flow and contribute to developing more robust defenses against these increasingly sophisticated threats., Comment: Accepted at Hardware.io 2024

Published
2024

2. Tackling Hallucinations in Neural Chart Summarization

Author

Islam, Saad Obaid ul, Škrjanec, Iza, Dušek, Ondřej, and Demberg, Vera

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Hallucinations in text generation occur when the system produces text that is not grounded in the input. In this work, we tackle the problem of hallucinations in neural chart summarization. Our analysis shows that the target side of chart summarization training datasets often contains additional information, leading to hallucinations. We propose a natural language inference (NLI) based method to preprocess the training data and show through human evaluation that our method significantly reduces hallucinations. We also found that shortening long-distance dependencies in the input sequence and adding chart-related information like title and legends improves the overall performance., Comment: To be presented in INLG 2023

Published
2023

3. An End-to-End Analysis of EMFI on Bit-sliced Post-Quantum Implementations

Author

Singh, Richa, Islam, Saad, Sunar, Berk, and Schaumont, Patrick

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Bit-slicing is a software implementation technique that treats an N-bit processor datapath as N parallel single-bit datapaths. The natural spatial redundancy of bit-sliced software can be used to build countermeasures against implementation attacks. While the merits of bit-slicing for side-channel countermeasures have been studied before, their application for protection of post-quantum algorithms against fault injection is still unexplored. We present an end-to-end analysis of the efficacy of bit-slicing to detect and thwart electromagnetic fault injection (EMFI) attacks on post-quantum cryptography (PQC). We study Dilithium, a digital signature finalist of the NIST PQC competition. We present a bit-slice-redundant design for the Number-Theoretic Transform (NTT), the most complex and compute-intensive component in Dilithium. We show a data-redundant countermeasure for NTT which offers two concurrent bits for every single bit in the original implementation. We then implement a full Dilithium signature sequence on a 667 MHz ARM Cortex-A9 processor integrated in a Xilinx Zynq SoC. We perform a detailed EM fault-injection parameter search to optimize the location, intensity and timing of injected EM pulses. We demonstrate that, under optimized fault injection parameters, about 10% of the injected faults become potentially exploitable. However, the bit-sliced NTT design is able to catch the majority of these potentially exploitable faults, even when the remainder of the Dilithium algorithm as well as the control flow is left unprotected. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a bitslice-redundant design of Dilithium that offers distributed fault detection throughout the execution of the algorithm.

Published
2022

4. Signature Correction Attack on Dilithium Signature Scheme

Author

Islam, Saad, Mus, Koksal, Singh, Richa, Schaumont, Patrick, and Sunar, Berk

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Motivated by the rise of quantum computers, existing public-key cryptosystems are expected to be replaced by post-quantum schemes in the next decade in billions of devices. To facilitate the transition, NIST is running a standardization process which is currently in its final Round. Only three digital signature schemes are left in the competition, among which Dilithium and Falcon are the ones based on lattices. Classical fault attacks on signature schemes make use of pairs of faulty and correct signatures to recover the secret key which only works on deterministic schemes. To counter such attacks, Dilithium offers a randomized version which makes each signature unique, even when signing identical messages. In this work, we introduce a novel Signature Correction Attack which not only applies to the deterministic version but also to the randomized version of Dilithium and is effective even on constant-time implementations using AVX2 instructions. The Signature Correction Attack exploits the mathematical structure of Dilithium to recover the secret key bits by using faulty signatures and the public-key. It can work for any fault mechanism which can induce single bit-flips. For demonstration, we are using Rowhammer induced faults. Thus, our attack does not require any physical access or special privileges, and hence could be also implemented on shared cloud servers. We perform a thorough classical and quantum security analysis of Dilithium and successfully recover 1,851 bits out of 3,072 bits of secret key $s_1$ for security level 2. The lattice strength against quantum attackers is reduced from $2^{128}$ to $2^{81}$ while the strength against classical attackers is reduced from $2^{141}$ to $2^{89}$. Hence, the Signature Correction Attack may be employed to achieve a practical attack on Dilithium (security level 2) as proposed in Round 3 of the NIST post-quantum standardization process.

Published
2022

5. Don't Knock! Rowhammer at the Backdoor of DNN Models

Author

Tol, M. Caner, Islam, Saad, Adiletta, Andrew J., Sunar, Berk, and Zhang, Ziming

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

State-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proven to be vulnerable to adversarial manipulation and backdoor attacks. Backdoored models deviate from expected behavior on inputs with predefined triggers while retaining performance on clean data. Recent works focus on software simulation of backdoor injection during the inference phase by modifying network weights, which we find often unrealistic in practice due to restrictions in hardware. In contrast, in this work for the first time, we present an end-to-end backdoor injection attack realized on actual hardware on a classifier model using Rowhammer as the fault injection method. To this end, we first investigate the viability of backdoor injection attacks in real-life deployments of DNNs on hardware and address such practical issues in hardware implementation from a novel optimization perspective. We are motivated by the fact that vulnerable memory locations are very rare, device-specific, and sparsely distributed. Consequently, we propose a novel network training algorithm based on constrained optimization to achieve a realistic backdoor injection attack in hardware. By modifying parameters uniformly across the convolutional and fully-connected layers as well as optimizing the trigger pattern together, we achieve state-of-the-art attack performance with fewer bit flips. For instance, our method on a hardware-deployed ResNet-20 model trained on CIFAR-10 achieves over 89% test accuracy and 92% attack success rate by flipping only 10 out of 2.2 million bits., Comment: 2023 53rd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN)

Published
2021

6. Awareness of undergraduate dental students, interns, and freshly graduated dentists about oral manifestation associated with COVID-19

Author

Suliman Alrajhi, Maram Shalabi, Abdulaziz Alrajhi, Tamim Almarshud, Mohammed Almuhaysin, Abdullah Alhudaithi, Ahmed Fahad Alharbi, Nasser Alamri, Abdulaziz Alhumaid, Ali Aljuailan, Sultan Algefari, Suzan Salem, and Islam Saad

Subjects
Awareness, Dental students, Dentists, Oral manifestation, COVID-19, Saudi Arabia, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract

Abstract Objective There is growing evidence supporting the presence of oral manifestations associated with COVID-19. The study investigates the knowledge of dental undergraduates and recently graduated dentists concerning oral presentations related to COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study in Saudi Arabia comprised 305 individuals, including undergraduate dental students, interns, and freshly graduated dentists. Data were collected using a questionnaire disseminated to approximately 500 subjects via WhatsApp groups and other applications. The questionnaire was tested in a pilot study for validity, edited, and validated by 2 supervisors at the College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding sociodemographic attributes, the level of expertise of dental practitioners, and their knowledge and perspectives regarding COVID-19 and the implementation of oral lesions interrelated to it. The data was subjected to analysis through the utilization of descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, employing the statistical software SPSS (version 24). Results About 43.9% of subjects stated that COVID-19 causes oral symptoms. Respondents most frequently reported COVID-19-related dry mouth. Oral ulcers, Candida infection, Hyperpigmentation, tongue coating, atrophy, Petechiae, Herpes, white lesions, Gingivitis, and Periodontitis are further symptoms. COVID-19’s oral manifestation was unknown to 41.0% of subjects, and 37.7% of respondents lacked knowledge regarding the most impacted locations of oral manifestations. Oral signs and COVID-19 symptoms are debated and significantly associated with higher educational levels. Conclusion The dental students and freshly graduated dentists in this study have proper knowledge of COVID-19 and its symptoms. Also, most dental students and newly graduated dentists recognize the potential correlation between COVID-19 and oral manifestations with an average to excellent knowledge of the types and sites commonly affected. The level of awareness was associated with higher educational levels.

Published
2023
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7. Lack of regional pathways impact on surgical delay: Analysis of the Orthopaedic Trauma Hospital Outcomes–Patient Operative Delays (ORTHOPOD) study

Author

Stevenson, Iain, Yoong, Andrel, Rankin, Iain, Dixon, James, Lim, Jun Wei, Sattar, Mariam, McDonald, Stephen, Scott, Sharon, Davies, Helen, Jones, Louise, Nolan, Michelle, McGinty, Rebecca, Stevenson, Helene, Bowe, David, Sim, Francis, Vun, James, Strain, Ritchie, Giannoudis, Vasileios, Talbot, Christopher, Gunn, Christopher, Le, Ha Phuong Do, Bradley, Matthew, Lloyd, William, Hanratty, Brian, Lim, Yizhe, Brookes-Fazakerley, Steven, Varasteh, Amir, Francis, Jonathan, Choudhry, Nameer, Malik, Sheraz, Vats, Amit, Evans, Ashish, Garner, Madeleine, King, Stratton, Zbaeda, Mohamed, Diamond, Owen, Baker, Gavin, Napier, Richard, Guy, Stephen, McCauley, Gordon, King, Samuel, Edwards, Gray, Lin, Benjamin, Davoudi, Kaveh, Haines, Samuel, Raghuvanshi, Manav, Buddhdev, Pranai, Karam, Edward, Nimmyel, Enoch, Ekanem, George, Lateef, Razaq, Jayadeep, JS, Crowther, Ian, Mazur, Karolina, Hafiz, Nauman, Khan, Umair, Chettiar, Krissen, Ibrahim, Amr, Gopal, Prasanth, Tse, Shannon, Lakshmipathy, Raj, Towse, Claudia, Al-Musawi, Hashim, Walmsley, Matthew, Aspinall, Will, Metcalfe, James, Moosa, Aliabbas, Crome, George, Abdelmonem, Mohamed, Lakpriya, Sathya, Hawkins, Amanda, Waugh, Dominic, Kennedy, Matthew, Elsagheir, Mohamed, Kieffer, Will, Oyekan, Adekinte, Collis, Justin, Raad, Marjan, Raut, Pramin, Baker, Markus, Gorvett, Alexander, Gleeson, Hannah, Fahmy, John, Walters, Sam, Tinning, Craig, Chaturvedi, Abhishek, Russell, Heather, Alsawada, Osama, Sinnerton, Robert, Crane, Evan, Warwick, Catherine, Dimascio, Lucia, Ha, Taegyeong Tina, King, Thomas, Engelke, Daniel, Chan, Matthew, Gopireddy, Rajesh, Deo, Sunny, Vasarhelyi, Ferenc, Jhaj, Jasmeet, Dogramatzis, Kostas, McCartney, Sarah, Ardolino, Toni, Fraig, Hossam, Hiller-Smith, Ryan, Haughton, Benjamin, Greenwood, Heather, Stephenson, Nicola, Chong, Yuki, Sleat, Graham, Saedi, Farid, Gouda, Joe, Ravi, Sanjeev Musuvathy, Henari, Shwan, Imam, Sam, Howell, Charles, Theobald, Emma, Wright, Jan, Cormack, Jonathan, Borja, Karlou, Wood, Sandy, Khatri, Amulya, Bretherton, Chris, Tunstall, Charlotte, Lowery, Kathryn, Holmes, Benjamin, Nichols, Jennifer, Bashabayev, Beibit, Wildin, Clare, Sofat, Rajesh, Thiagarajan, Aarthi, Abdelghafour, Karim, Nicholl, James, Abdulhameed, Ahmed, Duke, Kathryn, Maling, Lucy, McCann, Matthew, Masud, Saqib, Marshman, James, Moreau, Joshua, Cheema, Kanwalnaini, Rageeb, Peter Morad, Mirza, Yusuf, Kelly, Andrew, Hassan, Abdul, Christie, Alexander, Davies, Angharad, Tang, Cary, Frostick, Rhiannon, Pemmaraju, Gopalakrishna, Handford, Charles, Chauhan, Govind, Dong, Huan, Choudri, Mohammed Junaid, Loveday, David, Bawa, Akshdeep, Baldwick, Cheryl, Roberton, Andrew, Burden, Eleanor, Nagi, Sameer, Johnson-Lynn, Sarah, Guiot, Luke, Kostusiak, Milosz, Appleyard, Thomas, Mundy, Gary, Basha, Amr, Abdeen, Bashar, Robertson-Smith, Bill, Hussainy, Haydar Al, Reed, Mike, Jamalfar, Aral, Flintoft, Emily, McGovern, Julia, Alcock, Liam, Koziara, Michal, Ollivere, Benjamin, Zheng, Amy, Atia, Fady, Goff, Thomas, Slade, Henry, Teoh, Kar, Shah, Nikhil, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Jamal, Bilal, Bell, Stuart, Macey, Alistair, Brown, Cameron, Simpson, Cameron, Alho, Roberto, Wilson, Victoria, Lewis, Charlotte, Blyth, Daniel, Chapman, Laura, Woods, Lisa, Katmeh, Rateb, Pasapula, Chandra, Youssef, Hesham, Tan, Jerry, Famure, Steven, Grazette, Andrew, Lloyd, Adam, Beaven, Alastair, Jackowski, Anna, Piper, Dani, Lotfi, Naeil, Chakravarthy, Jagannath, Elzawahry, Ahmed, Trew, Christopher, Neo, Chryssa, Elamin-Ahmed, Hussam, Ashwood, Neil, Wembridge, Kevin, Eyre-Brook, Alistair, Greaves, Amy, Watts, Anna, Stedman, Tobias, Ker, Andrew, Wong, Li Siang, Fullarton, Mairi, Phelan, Sean, Choudry, Qaisar, Qureshi, Alham, Moulton, Lawrence, Cadwallader, Craig, Jenvey, Cara, Aqeel, Aqeel, Francis, Daniel, Simpson, Robin, Phillips, Jon, Matthews, Edward, Thomas, Ellen, Williams, Mark, Jones, Robin, White, Tim, Ketchen, Debbie, Bell, Katrina, Swain, Keri, Chitre, Amol, Lum, Joann, Syam, Kevin, Dupley, Leanne, O'Brien, Sarah, Ford, David, Chapman, Taya, Zahra, Wajiha, Guryel, Enis, McLean, Elizabeth, Dhaliwal, Kawaljit, Regan, Nora, Berstock, James, Deano, Krisna, Donovan, Richard, Blythe, Andrew, Salmon, Jennifer, Craig, Julie, Hickland, Patrick, Matthews, Scott, Brown, William, Borland, Steven, Aminat, Akinsemoyin, Stamp, Gregory, Zaheen, Humayoon, Jaibaji, Monketh, Egglestone, Anthony, Sampalli, Sridhar Rao, Goodier, Henry, Gibb, Julia, Islam, Saad, Ranaboldo, Tom, Theivendran, Kanthan, Bond, Georgina, Richards, Joanna, Sanghera, Ranjodh, Robinson, Karen, Fong, Angus, Tsang, Bonita, Dalgleish, James, McGregor-Riley, Jonathan, Barkley, Sarah, Eardley, William, Elhassan, Almutasim, Tyas, Ben, Chandler, Henry, McVie, James, Wei, Nicholas, Negus, Oliver, Baldock, Thomas, Ravi, Kuppuswamy, Qazzaz, Layth, Mohamed, Muawia, Sivayoganthan, Sriharan, Poole, William, Slade, George, Beaumont, Hugo, Beaumont, Oliver, Taha, Rowa, Lever, Caroline, Sood, Abhay, Moss, Maximillian, Khatir, Mohammed, Trompeter, Alex, Jeffers, Aisha, Brookes, Charlotte, Dadabhoy, Maria, Bhattacharya, Rajarshi, Singh, Abhinav, Beer, Alexander, Hodgson, Harry, Rahman, Kashed, Barter, Reece, Mackinnon, Thomas, Frasquet-Garcia, Antonio, Aldarragi, Ameer, Warner, Christian, Pantelides, Christopher, Attwood, Joseph, Al-Uzri, Muntadhir, Qaoud, Qaiys Abu, Green, Stephen, Osborne, Alex, Griffiths, Alexandra, Emmerson, Benjamin, Slater, Duncan, Altahoo, Hasan, Scott, Helen, Rowland, David, O'Donnell, Janine, Edwards, Taff, Hafez, Ahmed, Khan, Basharat, Crane, Emily, Axenciuc, Rostislav, Al-Habsi, Ruqaiya, McAlinden, Gavan, Sterne, Jonathan, Wong, Matthew Lynch, Patil, Sunit, Ridha, Ali, Rasidovic, Damir, Searle, Henry, Choudhry, Jamaal, Farhan-Alanie, Muhamed M, Tanagho, Andy, Sharma, Sidharth, Thomas, Suresh, Smith, Ben, McMullan, Mark, Winstanley, Robert, Mirza, Saqeb, Hamlin, Katharine, Elgayar, Lugman, Larsen, Matthew P, Eissa, Mohamed, Stevens, Samuel, Hopper, Graeme P, Fang Soh, Terrence Chi, Doorgakant, Ashtin, Yogeswaran, Apimaan, Myatt, Darren, Mahon, Joseph, Ward, Nicholas, Reid, Susan, Deierl, Krisztian, Brogan, Declan, Little, Max, Deakin, Sue, Baines, Elliott, Jones, Georgie, Boulton, Helen, Douglas, Trixie, Jeyaseelan, Lucky, Abdale, Abdirizak, Islam, Aminul, Atkinson, Kate V, Mohamedfaris, Khalid, Mmerem, Kingsley, Jamal, Shazil, Wharton, Danielle, Rana, Anurag, McAllister, Ross, Sasi, Sijith, Thomas, Terin, Pillai, Anand, Flaherty, David, Khan, Munir, Akkena, Sudheer, Shandala, Yaseen, Lankester, Benedict, Hainsworth, Louis, Ahmed, Hussam Elamin, Walshaw, Thomas, Walker, Reece, and Eardley, William G.P.

Published
2023
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8. SPOILER: Speculative Load Hazards Boost Rowhammer and Cache Attacks

Author

Islam, Saad, Moghimi, Ahmad, Bruhns, Ida, Krebbel, Moritz, Gulmezoglu, Berk, Eisenbarth, Thomas, and Sunar, Berk

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Modern microarchitectures incorporate optimization techniques such as speculative loads and store forwarding to improve the memory bottleneck. The processor executes the load speculatively before the stores, and forwards the data of a preceding store to the load if there is a potential dependency. This enhances performance since the load does not have to wait for preceding stores to complete. However, the dependency prediction relies on partial address information, which may lead to false dependencies and stall hazards. In this work, we are the first to show that the dependency resolution logic that serves the speculative load can be exploited to gain information about the physical page mappings. Microarchitectural side-channel attacks such as Rowhammer and cache attacks like Prime+Probe rely on the reverse engineering of the virtual-to-physical address mapping. We propose the SPOILER attack which exploits this leakage to speed up this reverse engineering by a factor of 256. Then, we show how this can improve the Prime+Probe attack by a 4096 factor speed up of the eviction set search, even from sandboxed environments like JavaScript. Finally, we improve the Rowhammer attack by showing how SPOILER helps to conduct DRAM row conflicts deterministically with up to 100% chance, and by demonstrating a double-sided Rowhammer attack with normal user's privilege. The later is due to the possibility of detecting contiguous memory pages using the SPOILER leakage., Comment: The 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security '19)

Published
2019

9. ORthopaedic trauma hospital outcomes - Patient operative delays (ORTHOPOD) Study: The management of day-case orthopaedic trauma in the United Kingdom

Author

Stevenson, Iain, Yoong, Andrel, Rankin, Iain, Dixon, James, Lim, Jun Wei, Sattar, Mariam, McDonald, Stephen, Scott, Sharon, Davies, Helen, Jones, Louise, Nolan, Michelle, McGinty, Rebecca, Stevenson, Helene, Bowe, David, Sim, Francis, Vun, James, Strain, Ritchie, Giannoudis, Vasileios, Talbot, Christopher, Gunn, Christopher, Le, Ha Phuong Do, Bradley, Matthew, Lloyd, William, Hanratty, Brian, Lim, Yizhe, Brookes-Fazakerley, Steven, Varasteh, Amir, Francis, Jonathan, Choudhry, Nameer, Malik, Sheraz, Vats, Amit, Evans, Ashish, Garner, Madeleine, King, Stratton, Zbaeda, Mohamed, Diamond, Owen, Baker, Gavin, Napier, Richard, Guy, Stephen, McCauley, Gordon, King, Samuel, Edwards, Gray, Lin, Benjamin, Davoudi, Kaveh, Haines, Samuel, Raghuvanshi, Manav, Buddhdev, Pranai, Karam, Edward, Nimmyel, Enoch, Ekanem, George, Lateef, Razaq, Jayadeep, JS, Crowther, Ian, Mazur, Karolina, Hafiz, Nauman, Khan, Umair, Chettiar, Krissen, Ibrahim, Amr, Gopal, Prasanth, Tse, Shannon, Lakshmipathy, Raj, Towse, Claudia, Al-Musawi, Hashim, Walmsley, Matthew, Aspinall, Will, Metcalfe, James, Moosa, Aliabbas, Crome, George, Abdelmonem, Mohamed, Lakpriya, Sathya, Hawkins, Amanda, Waugh, Dominic, Kennedy, Matthew, Elsagheir, Mohamed, Kieffer, Will, Oyekan, Adekinte, Collis, Justin, Raad, Marjan, Raut, Pramin, Baker, Markus, Gorvett, Alexander, Gleeson, Hannah, Fahmy, John, Walters, Sam, Tinning, Craig, Chaturvedi, Abhishek, Russell, Heather, Alsawada, Osama, Sinnerton, Robert, Crane, Evan, Warwick, Catherine, Dimascio, Lucia, Ha, Taegyeong Tina, King, Thomas, Engelke, Daniel, Chan, Matthew, Gopireddy, Rajesh, Deo, Sunny, Vasarhelyi, Ferenc, Jhaj, Jasmeet, Dogramatzis, Kostas, McCartney, Sarah, Ardolino, Toni, Fraig, Hossam, Hiller-Smith, Ryan, Haughton, Benjamin, Greenwood, Heather, Stephenson, Nicola, Chong, Yuki, Sleat, Graham, Saedi, Farid, Gouda, Joe, Ravi, Sanjeev Musuvathy, Henari, Shwan, Imam, Sam, Howell, Charles, Theobald, Emma, Wright, Jan, Cormack, Jonathan, Borja, Karlou, Wood, Sandy, Khatri, Amulya, Bretherton, Chris, Tunstall, Charlotte, Lowery, Kathryn, Holmes, Benjamin, Nichols, Jennifer, Bashabayev, Beibit, Wildin, Clare, Sofat, Rajesh, Thiagarajan, Aarthi, Abdelghafour, Karim, Nicholl, James, Abdulhameed, Ahmed, Duke, Kathryn, Maling, Lucy, McCann, Matthew, Masud, Saqib, Marshman, James, Moreau, Joshua, Cheema, Kanwalnaini, Rageeb, Peter Morad, Mirza, Yusuf, Kelly, Andrew, Hassan, Abdul, Christie, Alexander, Davies, Angharad, Tang, Cary, Frostick, Rhiannon, Pemmaraju, Gopalakrishna, Handford, Charles, Chauhan, Govind, Dong, Huan, Choudri, Mohammed Junaid, Loveday, David, Bawa, Akshdeep, Baldwick, Cheryl, Roberton, Andrew, Burden, Eleanor, Nagi, Sameer, Johnson-Lynn, Sarah, Guiot, Luke, Kostusiak, Milosz, Appleyard, Thomas, Mundy, Gary, Basha, Amr, Abdeen, Bashar, Robertson-Smith, Bill, Hussainy, Haydar Al, Reed, Mike, Jamalfar, Aral, Flintoft, Emily, McGovern, Julia, Alcock, Liam, Koziara, Michal, Ollivere, Benjamin, Zheng, Amy, Atia, Fady, Goff, Thomas, Slade, Henry, Teoh, Kar, Shah, Nikhil, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Jamal, Bilal, Bell, Stuart, Macey, Alistair, Brown, Cameron, Simpson, Cameron, Alho, Roberto, Wilson, Victoria, Lewis, Charlotte, Blyth, Daniel, Chapman, Laura, Woods, Lisa, Katmeh, Rateb, Pasapula, Chandra, Youssef, Hesham, Tan, Jerry, Famure, Steven, Grazette, Andrew, Lloyd, Adam, Beaven, Alastair, Jackowski, Anna, Piper, Dani, Lotfi, Naeil, Chakravarthy, Jagannath, Elzawahry, Ahmed, Trew, Christopher, Neo, Chryssa, Elamin-Ahmed, Hussam, Ashwood, Neil, Wembridge, Kevin, Eyre-Brook, Alistair, Greaves, Amy, Watts, Anna, Stedman, Tobias, Ker, Andrew, Wong, Li Siang, Fullarton, Mairi, Phelan, Sean, Choudry, Qaisar, Qureshi, Alham, Moulton, Lawrence, Cadwallader, Craig, Jenvey, Cara, Aqeel, Aqeel, Francis, Daniel, Simpson, Robin, Phillips, Jon, Matthews, Edward, Thomas, Ellen, Williams, Mark, Jones, Robin, White, Tim, Ketchen, Debbie, Bell, Katrina, Swain, Keri, Chitre, Amol, Lum, Joann, Syam, Kevin, Dupley, Leanne, O'Brien, Sarah, Ford, David, Chapman, Taya, Zahra, Wajiha, Guryel, Enis, McLean, Elizabeth, Dhaliwal, Kawaljit, Regan, Nora, Berstock, James, Deano, Krisna, Donovan, Richard, Blythe, Andrew, Salmon, Jennifer, Craig, Julie, Hickland, Patrick, Matthews, Scott, Brown, William, Borland, Steven, Aminat, Akinsemoyin, Stamp, Gregory, Zaheen, Humayoon, Jaibaji, Monketh, Egglestone, Anthony, Sampalli, Sridhar Rao, Goodier, Henry, Gibb, Julia, Islam, Saad, Ranaboldo, Tom, Theivendran, Kanthan, Bond, Georgina, Richards, Joanna, Sanghera, Ranjodh, Robinson, Karen, Fong, Angus, Tsang, Bonita, Dalgleish, James, McGregor-Riley, Jonathan, Barkley, Sarah, Eardley, William, Elhassan, Almutasim, Tyas, Ben, Chandler, Henry, McVie, James, Wei, Nicholas, Negus, Oliver, Baldock, Thomas, Ravi, Kuppuswamy, Qazzaz, Layth, Mohamed, Muawia, Sivayoganthan, Sriharan, Poole, William, Slade, George, Beaumont, Hugo, Beaumont, Oliver, Taha, Rowa, Lever, Caroline, Sood, Abhay, Moss, Maximillian, Khatir, Mohammed, Trompeter, Alex, Jeffers, Aisha, Brookes, Charlotte, Dadabhoy, Maria, Bhattacharya, Rajarshi, Singh, Abhinav, Beer, Alexander, Hodgson, Harry, Rahman, Kashed, Barter, Reece, Mackinnon, Thomas, Frasquet-Garcia, Antonio, Aldarragi, Ameer, Warner, Christian, Pantelides, Christopher, Attwood, Joseph, Al-Uzri, Muntadhir, Qaoud, Qaiys Abu, Green, Stephen, Osborne, Alex, Griffiths, Alexandra, Emmerson, Benjamin, Slater, Duncan, Altahoo, Hasan, Scott, Helen, Rowland, David, O'Donnell, Janine, Edwards, Taff, Hafez, Ahmed, Khan, Basharat, Crane, Emily, Axenciuc, Rostislav, Al-Habsi, Ruqaiya, McAlinden, Gavan, Sterne, Jonathan, Wong, Matthew Lynch, Patil, Sunit, Ridha, Ali, Rasidovic, Damir, Searle, Henry, Choudhry, Jamaal, Farhan-Alanie, Muhamed M, Tanagho, Andy, Sharma, Sidharth, Thomas, Suresh, Smith, Ben, McMullan, Mark, Winstanley, Robert, Mirza, Saqeb, Hamlin, Katharine, Elgayar, Lugman, Larsen, Matthew P, Eissa, Mohamed, Stevens, Samuel, Hopper, Graeme P, Fang Soh, Terrence Chi, Doorgakant, Ashtin, Yogeswaran, Apimaan, Myatt, Darren, Mahon, Joseph, Ward, Nicholas, Reid, Susan, Deierl, Krisztian, Brogan, Declan, Little, Max, Deakin, Sue, Baines, Elliott, Jones, Georgie, Boulton, Helen, Douglas, Trixie, Jeyaseelan, Lucky, Abdale, Abdirizak, Islam, Aminul, Atkinson, Kate V, Mohamedfaris, Khalid, Mmerem, Kingsley, Jamal, Shazil, Wharton, Danielle, Rana, Anurag, McAllister, Ross, Sasi, Sijith, Thomas, Terin, Pillai, Anand, Flaherty, David, Khan, Munir, Akkena, Sudheer, Shandala, Yaseen, Lankester, Benedict, Hainsworth, Louis, Baldock, Thomas E., Walshaw, Thomas, Walker, Reece, and Eardley, William P.G.

Published
2023
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10. The Implementation of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany

Author

Akhmad Jazuli Afandi and Islam Saad Mohamed Abdelmoneim

Subjects
Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar, Al Baqilany, Phenomenological Hermeneutics, Hassan Hanafi, Islam, BP1-253
Abstract

This article aims to review the application of the concept of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany using Hassan Hanafi's phenomenological hermeneutics as an analytical approach. The socio-political and thought conditions of al-Baqilany's time became a problem in itself. The diversity of society that is not only from the Arab community also raises problems that require special handling. Qadi al-Baqilani had a view of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar who could respond to the realities of the time. This research uses qualitative methods with the type of literature study. The choice of Hasan Hanafi's phenomenological hermeneutics as an approach aims to deepen the study so as to get a complete picture of the real implementation of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany. The researcher's analysis includes socio-historical conditions, texts, reality and people's consciousness. The main instruments are reduction data, display data and conclusions. The results show that a) the socio-historical, political and thought of society is very diverse. There was a lot of poverty and misthinking by the Mu'tazilites as key holders of the madhhab in government. So that the implementation carried out by Al-Baqilany is to conduct scientific debates to several schools or schools, especially the Mu'tazilites, Jahmiyah and Shia in the place provided by the government. And also by contradicting the Roman king, b) the incorporation of reason and naqli in every argument, c) the use of linguistic elements needed in his works and debates, d) the use of communicative, systematic, simple and understandable language at every level of his works and e) the existence of mass awareness efforts.

Published
2023
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11. Undermining User Privacy on Mobile Devices Using AI

Author

Gulmezoglu, Berk, Zankl, Andreas, Tol, M. Caner, Islam, Saad, Eisenbarth, Thomas, and Sunar, Berk

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Over the past years, literature has shown that attacks exploiting the microarchitecture of modern processors pose a serious threat to the privacy of mobile phone users. This is because applications leave distinct footprints in the processor, which can be used by malware to infer user activities. In this work, we show that these inference attacks are considerably more practical when combined with advanced AI techniques. In particular, we focus on profiling the activity in the last-level cache (LLC) of ARM processors. We employ a simple Prime+Probe based monitoring technique to obtain cache traces, which we classify with Deep Learning methods including Convolutional Neural Networks. We demonstrate our approach on an off-the-shelf Android phone by launching a successful attack from an unprivileged, zeropermission App in well under a minute. The App thereby detects running applications with an accuracy of 98% and reveals opened websites and streaming videos by monitoring the LLC for at most 6 seconds. This is possible, since Deep Learning compensates measurement disturbances stemming from the inherently noisy LLC monitoring and unfavorable cache characteristics such as random line replacement policies. In summary, our results show that thanks to advanced AI techniques, inference attacks are becoming alarmingly easy to implement and execute in practice. This once more calls for countermeasures that confine microarchitectural leakage and protect mobile phone applications, especially those valuing the privacy of their users.

Published
2018

15. Knowledge, awareness, and perception of dental students, interns, and freshly graduated dentists regarding dental implant complications in Saudi Arabia: a web-based anonymous survey

Author

Islam Saad and Suzan Salem

Subjects
Knowledge, Awareness, Perception, Dental students, Dental implant complications, Saudi Arabia, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract

Abstract Background It is necessary for dental students and freshly graduated dentists to apply their education and practice to different clinical and preclinical procedures. The implant success rate and durability are high. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the level of knowledge, awareness and perception of dental students, interns and freshly graduated students regarding dental implant complications in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study design using a web-based method was conducted at different dental institutions in Saudi Arabia from December 2019 to March 2020. Data were collected from all (n = 288) undergraduate students, interns and freshly graduated dentists using a pretested standardized self-administered web-based questionnaire that was prepared and circulated using a template provided by Google Forms (Google, Inc., USA). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed to analyse the data using SPSS (version 20). Results A total of 288 participants completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 83.4%. Of the total participants, 37.5% showed a good level of knowledge regarding dental implant procedures, and 38.9% showed the same level of knowledge regarding implant complications. The most important cause of complications associated with dental implants was case selection, which accounted for 54.17%. Most participants (58.33%) chose massive bone loss related to implant failure as the most common late dental complication, while 26.39% chose postoperative infection as the most common early dental complication. In addition, 30.56% of the participants selected screw loosening as the most frequent mechanical complication. However, lack of implant primary stability was the most common hard-tissue implant complication. Based on aesthetic and reversible complications, restorations that were too buccal or too palatal and prosthetic-related, respectively, were the least common dental implant complications. Conclusions The level of knowledge among participants regarding dental implant complications differed among the institutions participating in this study. This difference reflects a significant variation that necessitates reviewing and standardizing dental implant curricula among these institutions.

Published
2021
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17. Solar maculopathy: prognosis over one year follow up

Author

Marwa Mahmoud Abdellah, Engy Mohammed Mostafa, Mohamed Abdelatif Anber, Islam Saad El Saman, and Mohammed Ezz Eldawla

Subjects
Solar maculopathy, Outer retinal hole, Eclipse maculopathy, Foveal lesions from sun rays, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Abstract Background To document the visual acuity, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings and prognosis in10 eyes of 6 patients with foveal damage from solar retinopathy in 1 year. Methods This was a prospective, observational case series of patients presented by solar maculopathy at Ophthalmology department, Sohag University. All patients underwent visual acuity (VA) testing, refraction, dilated fundus examination fluorescein angiography (FA) and SD-OCT (spectral Domain ocular coherence Tomography) imaging and follow up for 1 year. Results The mean age was 16.5 years (range 9–27 years, both eyes are affected in 4 patients. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was – 0.25 ± 0.50 D. The visual acuity of the affected eyes ranged from 0.4 to 0.9 on presentation. At presentation Significant foveal pathology was identified on SD-OCT in 10 eyes, All eyes showed disruption of the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone and the interdigitation zone on SD-OCT, Follow up of the cases continued for 1 year.100% of cases showed improvement in VA: 20% eyes regained 1, 50% eyes with VA of 0.9; two eyes 20% 0.8 and one eyes (10%) with 0.4. The improvement began after 1 week and reached its maximum and became stationary after the 6th month of follow up, the outer retinal hole persist in OCT in 80% of cases. Conclusion Solar maculopathy has a good prognosis yet shows no improvement after 6 months. Young age might pose as a risk factor.

Published
2019
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19. Drilling of carbon fibre reinforced plastic composites

Author

Shyha, Islam Saad Elsayed Mohamed

Subjects
621, TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery, TS Manufactures
Abstract

Following an extensive literature survey focusing on the machinability of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP), three main phases of experimental work were undertaken to evaluate the drilling of CFRP and associated stack materials. Phase 1 and 2 involved small diameter holes (1.5 mm) in thin CFRP laminates (3 mm thick) while Phase 3 addressed the feasibility of one-shot drilling (6.35 mm diameter holes) in multilayer workpiece stacks comprising titanium, CFRP and aluminium. Machinability was assessed in terms of tool life/wear, force/torque, hole size and geometrical accuracy, workpiece surface integrity and chip morphology.

Published
2010

20. Insight into the adsorption properties of methoxy bentonite (MXBE) as an environmental adsorbent for malachite green dye: statistical physics modelling

Author

Islam Saad, Hanan K. Alzahrani, Sarah I. Othman, Aljohara M. Al-Qtaibi, Ahmed A. Allam, and Mostafa R. Abukhadra

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Water Science and Technology, Analytical Chemistry
Published
2022
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23. Green Nanoparticles in Sustainable Therapeutics and Future Sustainability: Green Nanoparticles in Sustainable Therapeutics

Author

Kamran, Tasmiya, Rehman, Arsheen, Malik, Aaroj, Siddiqui, Mahrukh, Ahmad, Rehan, Muhammad Islam, Saad, Hurera, Abu, Rehman, Huda, Walait, Manam, Walayt, Salman, Kamran, Tasmiya, Rehman, Arsheen, Malik, Aaroj, Siddiqui, Mahrukh, Ahmad, Rehan, Muhammad Islam, Saad, Hurera, Abu, Rehman, Huda, Walait, Manam, and Walayt, Salman

Abstract

Green nanoparticles (GNPs) are being produced from microbial and plant sources and have numerous applications in various fields. The article focuses on the NPs that provide various focal points in the many scientific and technological fields for the cutting-edge uses of nanoparticles. Due to their toxicity, cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and environmental friendliness, green NPs are extremely important. It is closely observed how important green NPs are to the development of science and technology in the context of sustainable therapeutics. The only issue with green nanoparticles is occasionally how toxic they can be. A sustainable future, which the entire world looks forward to, is directly related to green nanoparticles and their role in numerous applications.

Published
2023

24. Thymoma associated myasthenia gravis with atypical presentation of lipomatous tongue atrophy: a case report

Author

Suzan Salem, Islam Saad, and Rana Alamri

Subjects
thymoma, myasthenia gravis, lipomatous tongue atrophy, Medicine
Abstract

A 28-year-old female patient came to the outpatient dental clinic for multiple teeth extractions and full mouth rehabilitation suffer from myasthenia gravis (MG) primary presentation as tongue atrophy and facial muscles weakness and the symptoms became worries, the patient unable to speak as well and change her voice and complaining of dysphagia and dysarthria. Oral symptoms, treatment schedule and protocol, the selection, prescription and impacts of medications, and prevention of myasthenic crisis are all important aspects should be considered by dentists and oral health care providers. Weakness of facial and oropharyngeal muscle is considered very popular at disease onset and therefore oral health providers are often the first medical professionals to observe these patients. Myasthenic patients seek particular approach and consultation in order to ensure ideal and proper dental management.

Published
2019
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30. Enhanced oxidation of antibiotic residuals (Levofloxacin) using a green composite of ZnO@polyaniline/bentonite (Zn@PA/BE) as multifunctional photocatalyst under visible light

Author

Mostafa R. Abukhadra, Islam Saad, Jong Seong Khim, Jamaan S. Ajarem, and Ahmed A Allam

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Water Science and Technology, Analytical Chemistry
Published
2022
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31. Tackling Hallucinations in Chart Summarization

Author

Obaid ul Islam, Saad, Dušek, Ondřej, and Rosa, Rudolf

Subjects
generování popisu grafu|generování přirozeného jazyka|generování textu z dat|neuronové generativní modely|zpracování přirozeného jazyka|hluboké učení, chart-to-text generation|natural language generation|data-to-text generation|neural generative models|natural language processing|deep learning
Abstract

Thesis Abstract Saad Obaid ul Islam Charles University, Saarland University Title Tackling Hallucinations in Chart Summarization Abstract Information visualizations like bar charts, line charts, and pie charts are a common way of communicating quantitative data. They are used to get important insights and make well informed decisions. Automatic Chart Summarization is the task to explain and summarize the key takeaways from the chart. Like other natural language generation (NLG) systems, chart summarization systems suffer from a phenomenon called halluci- nations. Hallucinations occur when the system generates text that is not grounded in the input. In this research work, we try to tackle the problem of hallucinations in chart summarization. Our analysis shows that a lot of additional information is present in the training data that leads to hallucinations during inference. We also found out that reducing long distance dependencies and addition of chart related information like title and legends improve the overall performance of the system. Furthermore, we propose a natural language inference (NLI) based method to clean the training data and show that our method produces faithful summaries. 1

Published
2023

32. On the Security of LBlock against the Cube Attack and Side Channel Cube Attack

Author

Islam, Saad, Afzal, Mehreen, Rashdi, Adnan, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Cuzzocrea, Alfredo, editor, Kittl, Christian, editor, Simos, Dimitris E., editor, Weippl, Edgar, editor, and Xu, Lida, editor

Published
2013
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38. Characterization of Fe0@Chitosan/Cellulose structure as effective green adsorbent for methyl Parathion, malachite Green, and levofloxacin Removal: Experimental and theoretical studies

Author

Mostafa R. Abukhadra, Islam Saad, Sarah I. Othman, Dina F. Katowah, Jamaan S. Ajarem, Sara A. Alqarni, Ahmed A. Allam, Wail Al Zoubi, and Young Gun Ko

Subjects
Materials Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published
2022
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41. Photobiomodulation Effect of Low-level Laser Therapy as a Palliative Treatment of Symptomatic Geographic Tongue (A Double-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial)

Author

Islam Saad

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, medicine.medical_treatment, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Statistical significance, medicine, Humans, Clinical significance, Low-Level Light Therapy, General Dentistry, Low level laser therapy, Burning Sensation, business.industry, Palliative Care, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, Glossitis, Benign Migratory, Clinical trial, Geographic tongue, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical therapy, Quality of Life, Lasers, Semiconductor, business
Abstract

Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as a palliative treatment of symptomatic geographic tongue. Materials and methods This randomized double-blinded controlled clinical trial was performed on 50 patients with symptomatic geographic tongue (GT). Participants were allocated randomly into study and control groups. A 660-nm diode laser was applied on randomly selected patients of the study group (n = 25) over the complained site for 2 minutes with continuous laser beam application. For the control group (n = 25), no application of 660-nm diode laser was performed. None of the participants were aware if they received the LLLT or placebo treatment. Patients were assessed for the level of pain, burning sensation, and size of the lesion before starting LLLT "T0" and during recall visit "T1, T2, and T3." Results The study group showed a low level of pain, burning sensation, and better healing with statistically significant differences at T2 and T3 of the follow-up period, with a level of significance was set at p Conclusion Low-level laser therapy can be used to adequately relieve significant discomforts associated with GT and accelerate healing and restoring of the patient's quality of life. Clinical significance To develop a framework based on the results regarding the photobiomodulation effect of a 660-nm diode laser to relieve pain and burning sensation associated with symptomatic GT, which increases patients' perception toward the services provided to them.

Published
2020

42. Standard cross‐linking versus photorefractive keratectomy combined with accelerated cross‐linking for keratoconus management: a comparative study

Author

Ahmed M. Tawfik, Ashraf T Soliman, Amin Abou Ali, Omar Fawzy, Osama Ali, Ahmed Elmassry, Mohammed Iqbal, Alaa Radwan, Islam Saad El Saman, Khaled Nagy, Ahmed Am Gad, Hosam Elzembely, Mervat Elshabrawy Elgharieb, Tarek Tawfik, and Hisham A Saad

Subjects
Male, PRK, Riboflavin, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Spherical equivalent, law.invention, Cornea, CXL‐Plus, ectasia, Clinical study, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Medicine, Prospective Studies, standard CXL, Photosensitizing Agents, General Medicine, Objective refraction, Photorefractive keratectomy, epithelium‐off CXL, Cross-Linking Reagents, Treatment Outcome, Female, Lasers, Excimer, Original Article, Collagen, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Keratoconus, Adolescent, Ultraviolet Rays, keratoconus, Refraction, Ocular, Photorefractive Keratectomy, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Ophthalmology, Humans, Keratometer, business.industry, Corneal Topography, Original Articles, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Photochemotherapy, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Purpose To compare the safety and efficacy of standard 30 min epithelium‐off cross‐linking (CXL) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) combined with accelerated epithelium‐off cross‐linking (AXL) for the treatment of progressive keratoconus (CXL‐Plus). Methods This study was a prospective multicentre comparative clinical study. A total of 125 eyes of 75 patients with grade 1 keratoconus and documented progression were divided into two groups. Group A included 58 eyes treated with standard CXL. Group B included 67 eyes treated with combined PRK and AXL. The recorded data included UDVA, CDVA, subjective and objective refraction, keratometry and pachymetry using corneal topographies preoperatively and postoperatively at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of follow‐up. Results In group A, at 24 months of UDVA and CDVA were improved from 1.12 ± 0.38 and 0.58 ± 0.42 to 0.66 ± 0.20 and 0.20 ± 0.12 (LogMAR±SD). The spherical equivalent was reduced from 4.03 ± 1.18 to 1.78 ± 1.04 D. The cylinder reduction was 0.32 ± 0.19 D. In group B, at 24 months of UDVA and CDVA were improved from 1.26 ± 0.52 and 0.68 ± 0.36 to 0.58 ± 0.28 and 0.20 ± 0.16 (LogMAR ± SD). The spherical equivalent was reduced from 4.23 ± 0.95 to 1.92 ± 0.74 D. The cylinder reduction was ±1.76 D. Conclusion Surprisingly, standard CXL showed close results to CXL‐Plus at the 24th follow‐up month. Standard CXL acted as a stabilizing procedure associated with a late myopic component reduction. CXL‐Plus acted as a refractive and stabilizing procedure with an early effect on both the myopic and the astigmatic component but no later improvements. Standard CXL seems to be more powerful than AXL in its long‐term effect. Therefore, in the future, we want to test the combination of PRK with standard CXL.

Published
2018
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43. Efficient photocatalytic removal of safarnin-O dye pollutants from water under sunlight using synthetic bentonite/polyaniline@Ni2O3 photocatalyst of enhanced properties

Author

Mohamed Shaban, Mostafa R. Abukhadra, Fatma H. Sayed, and Islam Saad

Subjects
Materials science, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Catalyst support, Nickel oxide, Composite number, 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Specific surface area, Bentonite, Polyaniline, Photocatalysis, Environmental Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

This study involves a synthesis of bentonite/polyaniline composite (BE/PANI) of enhanced physicochemical properties as catalyst support for Ni2O3 photocatalyst. The change in the structural properties, morphological features, and optical behavior was addressed utilizing several analytic techniques. The characterization results reflected considerable enhancement in the specific surface area after the integration between bentonite and polyaniline (127 m2/g) and after loading of the campsite by Ni2O3 forming bentonite/polyaniline@Ni2O3 composite (BE/PANI@Ni2O3) (231 m2/g). Additionally, the band gap energy was reduced to 2.41 eV and 1.61 eV for BE/PANI and BE/PANI@Ni2O3, respectively, as compared to that of 3.4 eV for pure Ni2O3. The photocatalytic removal of safranin-O dye under sunlight exposure using BE/PANI@Ni2O3 as catalyst revealed great enhancement in the removal percentages by 63%, 75%, and 72.35% higher than bentonite, polyaniline, and Ni2O3, respectively. Five milligrams per liter of safranin-O dye can be completely removed from 100 ml water using 0.05 g of the composite after 90 min. The catalyst also was applied effectively in the removal of safranin-O dye from raw water samples as a realistic application of the synthetic composite. Synthetic BE/PANI@Ni2O3 as photocatalyst showed very high stability and can be used seven times as photocatalytic at amazing removal percentages.

Published
2018
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44. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Cross-Linking Combined With Photorefractive Keratectomy for Treatment of Keratoconus

Author

Hosam Elzembely, Ashraf H Soliman, Ahmed M Saeed, Osama Ali Mohammed, Osama Mohiey El Deen Al Nahrawy, Mervat Elshabrawy Elgharieb, Islam Saad El Saman, Ahmed Gad Kamel, Ahmed M. Tawfik, Ahmed Elmassry, Hisham A Saad, and Mohammed Iqbal

Subjects
Adult, Male, Keratoconus, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, genetic structures, Ultraviolet Rays, Corneal Stroma, Riboflavin, keratoconus, medicine.medical_treatment, Treatment outcome, Visual Acuity, Refraction, Ocular, Photorefractive Keratectomy, Young Adult, CXL Plus, 03 medical and health sciences, Ocular physiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Photosensitizing Agents, business.industry, Clinical Science, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, eye diseases, Photorefractive keratectomy, Cross-Linking Reagents, Treatment Outcome, Photochemotherapy, Multicenter study, Collagen metabolism, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, Lasers, Excimer, Collagen, sense organs, corneal collagen cross-linking, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text., Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combined epithelium-off cross-linking (CXL) with photorefractive keratectomy (CXL Plus) for correction of the myopic and astigmatic components of keratoconus. Methods: Seventy-nine eyes of 46 patients who underwent CXL Plus were enrolled in this retrospective, multicenter, noncomparative clinical study. Uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, refraction, keratometry, and pachymetry measurements were recorded preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months during follow-up. Results: The mean (±SD) preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity were 1.00 ± 0.22 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and 0.62 ± 0.38 logMAR, respectively, and improved to 0.71 ± 0.36 logMAR and 0.32 ± 0.18 logMAR postoperatively. The mean k value, mean corneal thickness at the thinnest location, and mean myopic and astigmatic components decreased from 46.58 ± 0.97 D, 473 ± 29 μm, 3.65 ± 1.72 D, and 1.83 ± 0.69 D preoperatively to 43.79 ± 1.17 D, 431 ± 38 μm, 1.02 ± 0.78 D, and 1.15 ± 0.26 D, respectively, during follow-up. Eleven eyes had delayed epithelial healing, 2 had stromal opacities, 1 had primary herpes simplex keratitis, and 5 showed progression of keratoconus. Conclusions: CXL Plus improved the refractive status of keratoconus during 18 months of follow-up, despite its potential early postoperative complications of delayed epithelial healing and corneal haze. CXL Plus reduced the myopic component more than the astigmatic component of keratoconus. However, the safety and stability of the procedure were offset by longer-term postoperative complications and a high rate of postoperative progression of keratoconus.

Published
2018
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48. Evaluation of Blood Banked Fibrin Glue versus Blood Banked Platelet Glue as a Local Hemosatic Agent and a Healing Promoter in Patients with Acute Leukemia Undergoing Tooth Extraction

Author

Islam Saad and Suzan Salem

Subjects
tooth extraction, Acute leukemia, medicine.medical_specialty, Environmental Engineering, business.industry, Extraction (chemistry), thrombocytopenia, platelet glue, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Surgery, fibrin glue, Medicine, Platelet, In patient, Fibrin glue, business, GLUE
Abstract

Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of blood banked platelet glue and blood banked fibrin glue as a local hemostatic agent after tooth extraction in patients diagnosed with acute leukemia with concomitant thrombocytopenia. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial. Place and Duration of Study: Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt between June 2015 and July 2016. Methodology: 21 patients who underwent 60 dental extractions diagnosed with acute leukemia with concomitant thrombocytopenia; age between 25-45 years were included in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: Group I (control group) patients had underwent platelet transfusion before tooth extraction and was continued after the extraction if re-bleeding occurred, Group II (Fibrin Group) Fibrin glue used as a local hemostatic agent after tooth extraction; and Group III (Platelet group) platelet glue used as a local hemostatic agent after tooth extraction. Immediate and delayed evaluation by monitoring time to hemostasis (secs), postoperative complications; fever, localized gingival inflammation, disintegrated blood clot, wound dehiscence, wound infection and time in days for healing. Statistical software SPSS v.17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Time to hemostasis (secs) was 12.57 ± 1.51 sec, 9.57 ± 2.57 sec, and 9.43 ± 2.44 sec for group I, II and III respectively, significant difference at P- value (P≤0.05) was found between three groups. Wound healing time was 16.00 ± 3.51 days, 10.00 ± 1.00 days and 7.29 ± 0.95 days in Group I, Group II and Group III respectively, significant difference at P- value (P≤0.05) was found between three groups. Conclusion: Blood banked platelet glue has excellent hemostatic action and can be used successfully as a local hemostasis after tooth extraction.

Published
2017
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49. Solar maculopathy: prognosis over one year follow up

Author

Engy Mohammed Mostafa, Islam Saad El Saman, Mohamed Abdelatif Anber, Marwa Mahmoud Abdellah, and Mohammed Ezz Eldawla

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, Adolescent, Solar maculopathy, genetic structures, One year follow up, Visual Acuity, Foveal lesions from sun rays, Refraction, Ocular, Retina, Young Adult, Retinal Diseases, lcsh:Ophthalmology, Optical coherence tomography, Foveal, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Fluorescein Angiography, Eclipse maculopathy, Child, Radiation Injuries, Outer retinal hole, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Solar retinopathy, General Medicine, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Dilated fundus examination, Fluorescein angiography, medicine.icd_9_cm_classification, eye diseases, lcsh:RE1-994, Sunlight, Maculopathy, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Research Article, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background To document the visual acuity, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings and prognosis in10 eyes of 6 patients with foveal damage from solar retinopathy in 1 year. Methods This was a prospective, observational case series of patients presented by solar maculopathy at Ophthalmology department, Sohag University. All patients underwent visual acuity (VA) testing, refraction, dilated fundus examination fluorescein angiography (FA) and SD-OCT (spectral Domain ocular coherence Tomography) imaging and follow up for 1 year. Results The mean age was 16.5 years (range 9–27 years, both eyes are affected in 4 patients. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was – 0.25 ± 0.50 D. The visual acuity of the affected eyes ranged from 0.4 to 0.9 on presentation. At presentation Significant foveal pathology was identified on SD-OCT in 10 eyes, All eyes showed disruption of the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone and the interdigitation zone on SD-OCT, Follow up of the cases continued for 1 year.100% of cases showed improvement in VA: 20% eyes regained 1, 50% eyes with VA of 0.9; two eyes 20% 0.8 and one eyes (10%) with 0.4. The improvement began after 1 week and reached its maximum and became stationary after the 6th month of follow up, the outer retinal hole persist in OCT in 80% of cases. Conclusion Solar maculopathy has a good prognosis yet shows no improvement after 6 months. Young age might pose as a risk factor.

Published
2019
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50. The Correlation between Corneal Topographic Indices and Corneal High Order Aberrations in Keratoconus

Author

Amr, Mounir, Islam Saad, El Saman, and Mohamed, Anbar

Subjects
Corneal Topographic Indices, genetic structures, Total Root Mean Square, Spherical Aberration, Original Article, sense organs, Coma Aberration, Root Mean Square Astigmatism, Keratoconus, eye diseases
Abstract

This study was performed to investigate aberrometric changes of Keratoconus (KC) and its correlation with corneal topographic indices. In a cross sectional study, the researchers included 170 eyes of 138 candidates that were seeking corneal refractive surgery in Sohag refractive center, Sohag, Egypt and had been diagnosed as clinical KC. Patients were divided to mild, moderate, and severe KC. All eyes included in this study were subjected to corneal tomographic evaluation. Corneal aberrometry data was collected from the Sirius topography (Sirius, Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Italy) over a 5-mm diameter. The collected data included Zernike coefficients for corneal aberrations, including total Root Mean Square (RMS), RMS Spherical Aberration (SA), RMS Coma, and RMS astigmatism. The study population was divided to mild, moderate, and severe KC. Mild KC cases included 58 eyes of 46 patients, moderate KC were 64 eyes of 52 patients, and severe KC were 48 eyes of 40 patients. Root mean square total was statistically significant in all groups with a higher p value in moderate KC (P = 0.001) and also was statistically significant when compared in the three groups altogether (P = 0.0001). Coma aberration was statistically significant in mild and moderate KC and when compared between the three groups (P = 0.0001). Root mean square Trefoil aberration was statistically significant only in moderate KC yet was statistically significant when compared in all groups (P = 0.0001). Root mean square astigmatism was statistically significant in mild KC only and when compared in the three groups altogether (P = 0.0001). Spherical aberration was also statistically significant in moderate and severe KC with a P value of < 0.0001 and 0.001, respectively. There was a positive correlation between posterior elevation and RMS values in mild and moderate KC while there was negative or very weak positive correlation in severe KC. There were negative correlations between the thinnest location and RMS values in nearly all variables in the three groups except weak positive correlation with RMS astigmatism in mild KC and with RMS total and coma aberration in severe KC .In conclusion corneal higher order aberrations measured by the Sirius topography system had low to moderate correlation with corneal topographic indices provided by the same device in different grades of KC.

Published
2019

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