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Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional status of high yielding dairy cattle around parturition. Materials and methods: Nutritional status of cows around the peri-parturient period was investigated for six months in dairy farm. Seven to eight months' pregnant cows were selected for this study. Blood samples from 24 randomly selected cows were collected at stage-1, -2 and -3. The serum was stored at -20°C until analyzing glucose, total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), triglycerides (Tg), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P). Results: An increasing trend of glucose level was evidenced (P=0.07) during stage-1. Instead, higher levels of TP were found during stage-3 as compared to the stage-1 and -2. The Alb levels differed significantly (P<0.01) among different stages. A significantly increased (P<0.01) cholesterol, Tg, and HDL were found after parturition (stage-2 and -3) than before parturition (stage-1). LDL was significantly (P=0.02) increased during stage-2 and -3. A significantly higher level of Ca (P<0.01), Mg (P<0.01) and P (P=0.03) were present during stage-1. Glucose, TP, cholesterol and Tg were significantly higher (P<0.01) in cows two months after parturition, while Alb was found to be the highest (P<0.01) in cows immediately after parturition. An increasing trend of LDL (P=0.07) and HDL (P=0.07) were found in the cows two months after parturition. However, Ca levels were significantly (P=0.04) higher in cows two months after parturition. Conclusion: The results indicate that there is alteration of biochemical levels among the study population at three different stages, and these data may be helpful in using the necessary nutrients to the the high yielding cows around their parturition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study evaluated the association of Heart rate variability (HRV) measurements with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes., Methods: This study included 102 Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes. The Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) questionnaire score, the MNSI examination score (MNSIES) and the total symptom score were examined for DPN evaluation. Noninvasive HRV measurements were performed using photoelectric plethysmography. Patients with a MNSIES > 2 were considered to have DPN., Results: The MNSIES showed significant negative associations with the high frequency (HF) (r = -0.212, p = 0.033) and low frequency (LF) (r = -0.286, p = 0.004) powers. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only HF power maintained a significant negative association with the MNSIES (β = -0.184; 95% CI -0.365 to -0.003; p = 0.047), after controlling for significant related confounders, with HRV parameters in male patients with type 2 diabetes. The HF (p = 0.010) and LF (p = 0.025) powers differed significantly between male patients without and those with DPN according to the MNSIES., Conclusions: This study revealed a negative association of DPN, as assessed by the MNSIES, with HF power in male patients with type 2 diabetes. DPN defined by foot examination was predictive of cardiac autonomic neuropathy., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Periodontitis and insulin resistance (IR) show bidirectional relationship. No studies have assessed the associations of periodontitis with IR, impaired β-cell function, and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in the general population. We investigated these associations in a representative sample of the Korean population. The subjects were 8,248 males and 10,874 females, who were ≥ 20 years of age and participants in the third, fourth, and fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (2008-2010). Periodontitis was defined as community periodontal index (CPI) ≥ code 3 according to World Health Organization criteria. Homeostasis model assessments of IR and β-cell function (HOMA-IR and HOMA-β) were calculated. Participants with periodontitis showed a higher prevalence of diabetes than those without periodontitis. Among subjects without diabetes, after adjustment for confounding factors including age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, smoking status, alcohol consumption, region, and regular exercise, a comparison of participants with periodontitis vs those without showed a significantly higher prevalence of IFG (28.5% vs. 17.7%, p<0.001) and lower HOMA-β (115.2 vs. 130.8, p<0.001). Periodontitis was identified as a risk factor for IFG (OR, 1.301; 95% CI, 1.193∼1.418; p<0.001). Conversely, participants with and without periodontitis had similar HOMA-IR. In conclusion, periodontitis showed an association with decreased β-cell function and increased prevalence of IFG before onset of diabetes as well as increased prevalence of diabetes in the Korean population. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the shared pathophysiology between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus.