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Seismic attributes analysis is applied to INDEPTH II seismic profiles to develop a better understanding of the deep crustal structure and geodynamics of the Lhasa Terrane in the central Tibet area. Analyses indicate that the frequency anomalies are obtained over the range in between 0-30 Hz. Some area of the analyzed traces of the seismic profiles have shown dominated frequency anomaly approximately 10 Hz with little amount of other frequencies. The variation of frequency anomaly is shown to be the indication of theMoho depth of the area. EstimatedMoho depths are found very irregular and varying from20 kmto more than 136 km. The crust is thinner in southern, northern and eastern parts of the area while it is thicker in the western part having asymmetric nature in the central part. This variation might be the result of the complicated tectonic process of the Indian and Eurasian plates. Vertically downward pocket like frequency distributions and similar type frequency distributions at near and far depth are also observed in one of the analyzed sections. It might be indication of uprised asthenospheric matter which exchanged with lithosphere in subduction zones related to the multiple crustal uprising.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a fatal metabolic disorder, and its prevalence has escalated in recent decades to a greater extent. Since the incidence and severity of the disease are constantly increasing, plenty of therapeutic approaches are being considered as a promising solution. Many dietary polyphenols have been reported to be effective against diabetes along with its accompanying vascular consequences by targeting multiple therapeutic targets. Additionally, the biocompatibility of these polyphenols raises questions about their use as pharmacological mediators. Nevertheless, the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical properties of these polyphenols limit their clinical benefit as therapeutics. Pharmaceutical industries have attempted to improve compliance and therapeutic effects. However, nanotechnological approaches to overcome the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical barriers associated with polyphenols as antidiabetic medications have been shown to be effective to improve clinical compliance and efficacy. Therefore, this review highlighted a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of polyphenol nanoformulations in the treatment of diabetes and vascular consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some characteristics of non-formal education in Bangladesh in terms of its contribution to socio-economic development, user friendliness, relevance, and flexibility of operation. A survey of the beneficiaries, focus group discussions, and documentary review are used as research methods. This study shows that most of the non-government organizations (NGOs) addressed socio-economic development needs through income generation activities and gender equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep is a conserved behavioral state. Invertebrates typically show quiet sleep, whereas in mammals, sleep consists of periods of nonrapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and REM sleep (REMS). We previously found that the transcription factor AP-2 promotes sleep in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. In mammals, several paralogous AP-2 transcription factors exist. Sleepcontrolling genes are often conserved. However, little is known about how sleep genes evolved from controlling simpler types of sleep to govern complex mammalian sleep. Here, we studied the roles of Tfap2a and Tfap2b in sleep control in mice. Consistent with our results from C. elegans and Drosophila, the AP-2 transcription factors Tfap2a and Tfap2b also control sleep in mice. Surprisingly, however, the two AP-2 paralogs play contrary roles in sleep control. Tfap2a reduction of function causes stronger delta and theta power in both baseline and homeostasis analysis, thus indicating increased sleep quality, but did not affect sleep quantity. By contrast, Tfap2b reduction of function decreased NREM sleep time specifically during the dark phase, reduced NREMS and REMS power, and caused a weaker response to sleep deprivation. Consistent with the observed signatures of decreased sleep quality, stress resistance and memory were impaired in Tfap2b mutant animals. Also, the circadian period was slightly shortened. Taken together, AP-2 transcription factors control sleep behavior also in mice, but the role of the AP-2 genes functionally diversified to allow for a bidirectional control of sleep quality. Divergence of AP-2 transcription factors might perhaps have supported the evolution of more complex types of sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is a cardiac condition that is a diagnosis of exclusion. Patients usually present with terrible chest pains suggestive of myocardial infarction, but angiogram imaging shows no occlusion in the coronary vessels that would be suggestive of coronary artery disease. CSX is more commonly seen in women, but this case report demonstrates a different clinical presentation of CSX in a young, otherwise healthy male patient. The 38-year-old male patient presented to the emergency room with chest discomfort radiating to the left arm and to the left jaw. The chest pain started after the patient went for a jog, with the pain lasting for a couple of hours. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was abnormal, showing nonspecific ST changes and unremarkable troponin levels. The patient underwent a coronary angiogram, which was unremarkable. Three years later, the patient presented once more with chest heaviness that occurred again after going for a run. The patient's troponins were unremarkable, and an ECG test showed a new onset of AV block. Due to the ongoing chest pain, the patient received another coronary angiogram. This showed that the coronary vessels had no indications of occlusion. The patient was discharged and scheduled to follow up with their cardiologist for an extensive discussion about medications for their condition. This case report should bring awareness of the classical presentation of this disease in an uncommon population group and a way to identify this syndrome once exclusions have been made on previous hospitalizations., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Zuyev et al.)