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7. Gastric Amyloidosis—a Case Report

Author

Kibria, Golam, Khalil, Musab, Saha, Tanmoy, Hossain, Anwar, Gain, Gobinda, Miah, Shah Alam, Datta, Raj, Alam, Jan E., Khan, Sharmin Tahmina, Akter, Dilruba, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, and Akhter, Tuhin

Published
2024
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9. Assessment of three antibiotic combination regimens against Gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Kakaraskoska Boceska, Biljana, Vilken, Tuba, Xavier, Basil Britto, Kostyanev, Tomislav, Lin, Qiang, Lammens, Christine, Ellis, Sally, O’Brien, Seamus, da Costa, Renata Maria Augusto, Cook, Aislinn, Russell, Neal, Bielicki, Julia, Riddell, Amy, Stohr, Wolfgang, Walker, Ann Sarah, Berezin, Eitan Naaman, Roilides, Emmanuel, De Luca, Maia, Romani, Lorenza, Ballot, Daynia, Dramowski, Angela, Wadula, Jeannette, Lochindarat, Sorasak, Boonkasidecha, Suppawat, Namiiro, Flavia, Ngoc, Hoang Thi Bich, Tran, Minh Dien, Cressey, Tim R., Preedisripipat, Kanchana, Berkley, James A., Musyimi, Robert, Zarras, Charalampos, Nana, Trusha, Whitelaw, Andrew, da Silva, Cely Barreto, Jaglal, Prenika, Ssengooba, Willy, Saha, Samir K., Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa Marcia, Carvalheiro, Cristina Gardonyi, Piddock, Laura J. V., Heath, Paul T., Malhotra-Kumar, Surbhi, Sharland, Michael, Glupczynski, Youri, and Goossens, Herman

Published
2024
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13. Evaluating the long-term effect of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection on children : a prospective longitudinal birth cohort study in Bangladesh

Author

Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Nair, Harish, and Cunningham, Steven

Subjects
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Long-term effect, Young infants, Rural community, Bangladesh, Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs)
Abstract

Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of illness among neonates and young infants. In 2019, an estimated 33 million [95% CI: 21·6-50·3) RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infected (RSV-ALRI) episodes occurred worldwide in children younger than five years, and 101,400 of them died [1]. Children from all parts of the world suffer from RSV-associated illnesses. Nevertheless, those who are from the developing part of the world are disproportionately affected, as 93% of all RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infections (RSV-ALRI) and 99% of RSV-ALRI mortality occurs among children living in developing world countries. Evidence also suggests that children with RSV infection during early infancy are at increased risk for asthma and recurrent wheezing in subsequent years. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the long-term impact of RSV infection in developing healthcare settings, and none of the previous studies focussed on neonates. This PhD thesis aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of RSV infection within 0-59 days of life in a resource-poor setting. Research Plan: In this thesis study, I assessed the respiratory health of a cohort of children aged 6-8 years with known RSV infection exposure during 0-59 days of life to evaluate the association between RSV infection and recurrent wheezing and asthma. I evaluated whether RSV infection during the young infant period (0-59 days) affects lung functions and physical growth of the children. Finally, I evaluated the diagnostic value of the peripheral blood eosinophil level for the diagnosis of childhood asthma. Methods: I enrolled study participants from a rural community in Bangladesh, a country in South Asia. Children of 6-8 years old with known RSV infection information during 0-59 days of life (RSV+'ve cohort) were enrolled at their household and followed for 12 months. In this study, I leveraged the findings of population-based surveillance on the aetiology of neonatal infection in South Asia (ANISA study), which identified the RSV infection cases in young infants in a rural community with an annual birth cohort of 10,000 neonates. The RSV infection cases were identified in the ANISA study through prospective community-based disease surveillance. Control children (RSV-'ve cohort) had no illness signs (i.e., asymptomatic) during 0-59 days of life. I followed the study participants for 12 months to collect health-related information. During the follow-up period, research assistants (RAs) visited the study participants three times; each visit was scheduled within six months intervals. RAs collected health-related data of the study participants from their respective caregivers using structured questionnaires. The lung function of the participants was assessed using spirometry at the outreach clinics. An open-air 6-minute running exercise test was performed to assess the exercise-related airway hyper-reactivity. The height and weight of the children were collected to monitor the growth of the participants. Capillary blood was collected to determine the blood eosinophil level. The primary outcome measure was "current asthma", which I defined as ≥3 episodes of wheezing in the past 12 months or ≥1 episode of wheezing with repeated cough during the night when the child did not have a cold or chest infection. Additional outcome measures included "asthma ever", "doctor-diagnosed asthma", "wheezing ever", "current wheezing", different lung function parameters (i.e., FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio), stunting, and underweight. Results: I enrolled 534 children in this study; of these, 179 children had RSV infection within 0-59 days of life (RSV+'ve cohort), and the other 355 children were controls (RSV-'ve cohort) who were healthy during the same period of life without known RSV infection episode. The primary outcome of this study was "current asthma" at follow-up age (asthma at age 6-8 years) was 4.4%, [95% CI: (-)1.8-10.5] higher among the children in the RSV+'ve cohort [15.1%, 95% CI: 10.5-21.1] compared to those in the RSV-'ve cohort [10.7%, 95% CI: 7.8-14.3], but the difference was not statistically significant. Even though the "current asthma" prevalence was not statistically significantly higher among the children in the RSV+'ve cohort, all other asthma phenotypes that I investigated were significantly higher in this group compared to the controls. The prevalence of "asthma ever" was (significantly) 14% higher [95% CI: 5.8-22.3] among the RSV+'ve cohort children [36%, 95%: 29.0-43.1] compared to the RSV-'ve cohort [22%, 95% CI: 9.7-15.2]. There was also a significantly higher prevalence of "current wheezing" [10%, 95% CI: 2.5-17.3] among the children in RSV+'ve cohort [25.1%, 95% CI: 19.3-32.0] compared to those in the RSV-'ve cohort [15.2%, 95% CI: 11.8-19.4]. Parental asthma [Odds Ratio [OR) 2.15; 95% CI: 1.22-3.79] and household crowding index ≥3 [OR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.04-3.21] were found as the risk factors for "current asthma" among the study participants. In general, the different lung function parameters of the participants that were measured in this study were significantly lower than the expected values, but no significant differences were found between the children in RSV+'ve and RSV-'ve cohorts. Children in the RSV+'ve cohort had a mean Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) of 1.41 litres, 92% of the predicted mean, which was 1.29 litres for the children in the RSV-'ve cohort, 91% of the predicted mean. The mean Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) of the children in RSV+'ve cohort was 1.31 litres, 96% of the predicted mean, compared to 1.21 litres, 95% of the predicted mean for the children in the RSV-'ve. There was a high burden of stunting (29.2%) and underweight (40.3%) among the study population, but the differences were not statistically significant between the children in the RSV+'ve and RSV-'ve cohorts. About 71% of the participants had >300 eosinophils cells/µl blood without any notable difference between the RSV+'ve and RSV-'ve cohorts. Also, there was no significant difference in the blood eosinophil level among children with and without current asthma. Discussion: This study demonstrates the association of RSV infection during 0-59 days of life with an increased risk of subsequent asthma in childhood in rural Bangladesh. However, the strength of the association between RSV infection and asthma was not significant after 6-8 years of infection. Thus, RSV intervention would likely have little impact in controlling asthma in children, but the high prevalence of current wheezing, doctor-diagnosed asthma, asthma ever and wheezing ever, suggest that RSV-specific interventions may have a broader impact and should be evaluated using all these definitions to ensure that potential benefit can be captured. Additionally, understanding the possible interaction between RSV infection and genetic and environmental risk factors may help intervene in childhood asthma development. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of RSV-associated illness and asthma among children substantiates the continued research on the association between these two conditions. Future studies on the interactions between host, environment, and RSV infections in developing asthma phenotypes and establishing their causality could contribute to articulating a single intervention to control both RSV-associated illness and asthma, which has greater public health importance.

Published
2023
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24. Safety and efficacy of whole-body chlorhexidine gluconate cleansing with or without emollient in hospitalised neonates (NeoCHG): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, factorial pilot trial

Author

Russell, Neal, Clements, Michelle N., Azmery, Kazi Shammin, Bekker, Adrie, Bielicki, Julia, Dramowski, Angela, Ellis, Sally, Fataar, Aaqilah, Hoque, Mahbubul, LeBeau, Kristen, O’Brien, Seamus, Schiavone, Francesca, Skoutari, Peter, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Saha, Samir K., Walker, Ann Sarah, Whitelaw, Andrew, and Sharland, Michael

Published
2024
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25. Detection of Dental Issues Using the Transfer Learning Methods

Author

Meem, Famme Akter, Ferdus, Jannatul, Sarkar, William Ankan, Ahmed, Md Imtiaz, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Kaiser, M. Shamim, editor, Waheed, Sajjad, editor, Bandyopadhyay, Anirban, editor, Mahmud, Mufti, editor, and Ray, Kanad, editor

Published
2023
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26. Insect Recognition and Classification Using Optimized Densely Connected Convolutional Neural Network

Author

Akter, Rezoana, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Sohan, Kazi, Ahmed, Md Imtiaz, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Laouar, Mohamed Ridda, editor, Balas, Valentina Emilia, editor, Lejdel, Brahim, editor, Eom, Sean, editor, and Boudia, Mohamed Amine, editor

Published
2023
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37. Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Isolate from Bangladesh.

Author

Saha, Senjuti, Malaker, Roly, Sajib, Mohammad Saiful Islam, Hasanuzzaman, Md, Rahman, Hafizur, Ahmed, Zabed B, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Islam, Maksuda, Hooda, Yogesh, Ahyong, Vida, Vanaerschot, Manu, Batson, Joshua, Hao, Samantha, Kamm, Jack, Kistler, Amy, Tato, Cristina M, DeRisi, Joseph L, and Saha, Samir K

Abstract

The complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) isolate obtained from a nasopharyngeal swab from a patient with COVID-19 in Bangladesh is reported.

Published
2020

44. Infectious aetiologies of neonatal illness in south Asia classified using WHO definitions: a primary analysis of the ANISA study

Author

Arvay, Melissa L, Shang, Nong, Qazi, Shamim A, Darmstadt, Gary L, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Roth, Daniel E, Liu, Anran, Connor, Nicholas E, Hossain, Belal, Sadeq-ur Rahman, Qazi, El Arifeen, Shams, Mullany, Luke C, Zaidi, Anita K M, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Soofi, Sajid B, Shafiq, Yasir, Baqui, Abdullah H, Mitra, Dipak K, Panigrahi, Pinaki, Panigrahi, Kalpana, Bose, Anuradha, Isaac, Rita, Westreich, Daniel, Meshnick, Steven R, Saha, Samir K, and Schrag, Stephanie J

Published
2022
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45. Incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan: results of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project

Author

Garrett, Denise O, Longley, Ashley T, Aiemjoy, Kristen, Yousafzai, Mohammad T, Hemlock, Caitlin, Yu, Alexander T, Vaidya, Krista, Tamrakar, Dipesh, Saha, Shampa, Bogoch, Isaac I, Date, Kashmira, Saha, Senjuti, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Sayeed, K M Ishtiaque, Bern, Caryn, Shakoor, Sadia, Dehraj, Irum F, Mehmood, Junaid, Sajib, Mohammad S I, Islam, Maksuda, Thobani, Rozina S, Hotwani, Aneeta, Rahman, Najeeb, Irfan, Seema, Naga, Shiva R, Memon, Ashraf M, Pradhan, Sailesh, Iqbal, Khalid, Shrestha, Rajeev, Rahman, Hafizur, Hasan, Md Mahmudul, Qazi, Saqib H, Kazi, Abdul M, Saddal, Nasir S, Jamal, Raza, Hunzai, Mohammed J, Hossain, Tanvir, Marks, Florian, Carter, Alice S, Seidman, Jessica C, Qamar, Farah N, Saha, Samir K, Andrews, Jason R, and Luby, Stephen P

Published
2022
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49. Patterns of antibiotic use, pathogens, and prediction of mortality in hospitalized neonates and young infants with sepsis: A global neonatal sepsis observational cohort study (NeoOBS)

Author

Russell, Neal J., Stöhr, Wolfgang, Plakkal, Nishad, Cook, Aislinn, Berkley, James A., Adhisivam, Bethou, Agarwal, Ramesh, Ahmed, Nawshad Uddin, Balasegaram, Manica, Ballot, Daynia, Bekker, Adrie, Berezin, Eitan Naaman, Bilardi, Davide, Boonkasidecha, Suppawat, Carvalheiro, Cristina G., Chami, Neema, Chaurasia, Suman, Chiurchiu, Sara, Colas, Viviane Rinaldi Favarin, Cousens, Simon, Cressey, Tim R., de Assis, Ana Carolina Dantas, Dien, Tran Minh, Ding, Yijun, Dung, Nguyen Trong, Dong, Han, Dramowski, Angela, DS, Madhusudhan, Dudeja, Ajay, Feng, Jinxing, Glupczynski, Youri, Goel, Srishti, Goossens, Herman, Hao, Doan Thi Huong, Khan, Mahmudul Islam, Huertas, Tatiana Munera, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Jarovsky, Daniel, Khavessian, Nathalie, Khorana, Meera, Kontou, Angeliki, Kostyanev, Tomislav, Laoyookhon, Premsak, Lochindarat, Sorasak, Larsson, Mattias, Luca, Maia De, Malhotra-Kumar, Surbhi, Mondal, Nivedita, Mundhra, Nitu, Musoke, Philippa, Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa M., Nanavati, Ruchi, Nakwa, Firdose, Nangia, Sushma, Nankunda, Jolly, Nardone, Alessandra, Nyaoke, Borna, Obiero, Christina W., Owor, Maxensia, Ping, Wang, Preedisripipat, Kanchana, Qazi, Shamim, Qi, Lifeng, Ramdin, Tanusha, Riddell, Amy, Romani, Lorenza, Roysuwan, Praewpan, Saggers, Robin, Roilides, Emmanuel, Saha, Samir K., Sarafidis, Kosmas, Tusubira, Valerie, Thomas, Reenu, Velaphi, Sithembiso, Vilken, Tuba, Wang, Xiaojiao, Wang, Yajuan, Yang, Yonghong, Zunjie, Liu, Ellis, Sally, Bielicki, Julia A., Walker, A. Sarah, Heath, Paul T., and Sharland, Mike

Subjects
Infants -- Patient outcomes, Sepsis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Antibiotics -- Dosage and administration, Hospital patients -- Care and treatment, Market trend/market analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background There is limited data on antibiotic treatment in hospitalized neonates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to describe patterns of antibiotic use, pathogens, and clinical outcomes, and to develop a severity score predicting mortality in neonatal sepsis to inform future clinical trial design. Methods and findings Hospitalized infants A total of 3,204 infants were enrolled, with median birth weight of 2,500 g (IQR 1,400 to 3,000) and postnatal age of 5 days (IQR 1 to 15). 206 different empiric antibiotic combinations were started in 3,141 infants, which were structured into 5 groups based on the World Health Organization (WHO) AWaRe classification. Approximately 25.9% (n = 814) of infants started WHO first line regimens (Group 1-Access) and 13.8% (n = 432) started WHO second-line cephalosporins (cefotaxime/ceftriaxone) (Group 2-'Low' Watch). The largest group (34.0%, n = 1,068) started a regimen providing partial extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/pseudomonal coverage (piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, or fluoroquinolone-based) (Group 3-'Medium' Watch), 18.0% (n = 566) started a carbapenem (Group 4-'High' Watch), and 1.8% (n = 57) a Reserve antibiotic (Group 5, largely colistin-based), and 728/2,880 (25.3%) of initial regimens in Groups 1 to 4 were escalated, mainly to carbapenems, usually for clinical deterioration (n = 480; 65.9%). A total of 564/3,195 infants (17.7%) were blood culture pathogen positive, of whom 62.9% (n = 355) had a gram-negative organism, predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 132) or Acinetobacter spp. (n = 72). Both were commonly resistant to WHO-recommended regimens and to carbapenems in 43 (32.6%) and 50 (71.4%) of cases, respectively. MRSA accounted for 33 (61.1%) of 54 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Overall, 350/3,204 infants died (11.3%; 95% CI 10.2% to 12.5%), 17.7% if blood cultures were positive for pathogens (95% CI 14.7% to 21.1%, n = 99/564). A baseline NeoSep Severity Score had a C-index of 0.76 (0.69 to 0.82) in the validation sample, with mortality of 1.6% (3/189; 95% CI: 0.5% to 4.6%), 11.0% (27/245; 7.7% to 15.6%), and 27.3% (12/44; 16.3% to 41.8%) in low (score 0 to 4), medium (5 to 8), and high (9 to 16) risk groups, respectively, with similar performance across subgroups. A related NeoSep Recovery Score had an area under the receiver operating curve for predicting death the next day between 0.8 and 0.9 over the first week. There was significant variation in outcomes between sites and external validation would strengthen score applicability. Conclusion Antibiotic regimens used in neonatal sepsis commonly diverge from WHO guidelines, and trials of novel empiric regimens are urgently needed in the context of increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The baseline NeoSep Severity Score identifies high mortality risk criteria for trial entry, while the NeoSep Recovery Score can help guide decisions on regimen change. NeoOBS data informed the NeoSep1 antibiotic trial (ISRCTN48721236), which aims to identify novel first- and second-line empiric antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, (NCT03721302)., Author(s): Neal J. Russell 1,*, Wolfgang Stöhr 2, Nishad Plakkal 3, Aislinn Cook 1, James A. Berkley 4,5,6, Bethou Adhisivam 3, Ramesh Agarwal 7, Nawshad Uddin Ahmed 8, Manica Balasegaram [...]

Published
2023
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50. Indoor Navigation Support System for Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases

Author

Biswas, Milon, Rahman, Ashiqur, Kaiser, M. Shamim, Al Mamun, Shamim, Ebne Mizan, K. Shayekh, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Mahmud, Mufti, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Mahmud, Mufti, editor, Kaiser, M Shamim, editor, Vassanelli, Stefano, editor, Dai, Qionghai, editor, and Zhong, Ning, editor

Published
2021
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