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Aim: In this study, we aimed to identify the determinants of four different forms of mental health service usage (general health services, school counselling, telephone, and online services), and the number of mental health services accessed (single and multiple) by Australian adolescents aged 13–17 years. We also measured socioeconomic inequality in mental health services’ usage following the concentration index approach within the same sample. Subject and Methods: The data came from the nationwide cross-sectional survey, Young Minds Matter (YMM): the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Random effect models were used to identify the factors associated with four different mental health services and the number of services accessed. Further, the Erreygers’ corrected concentration indices for binary variables were used to quantify the socioeconomic inequality in each mental health service. The four services were the general health service (GP, specialist, psychiatrist, psychologist, hospital including emergency), school services, telephone counselling and online services. Results: Overall, 31.9% of the total analytical sample (n = 2268) aged 13–17 years old visited at least one service, with 21.9% accessing a single service and 10% accessing multiple services. The highest percentage of adolescents used online services (20.1%), followed by general mental health services (18.3%), while school services (2.4%) were the least used service. Age, gender, family type and family cohesion statistically significantly increased the use of general health and multiple mental health service usage (p < 0.05). Area of residence was also found to be a significant factor for online service use. The concentration indices (CIs) were −0.073 (p < 0.001) and −0.032 (p < 0.001) for health and telephone services, respectively, which implies pro-rich socio-economic inequality. Conclusion: Adolescents from low-income families frequently used general menta

Making life better for Indigenous peoples is a global priority. Although bullying and oral health have always been a topic of concern, there is limited information regarding the impact of this problem on the general population, with no evidence in this regard among the Australian Indigenous population. Thus, we aimed to quantify the relationship between bullying victimization and oral health problems by remoteness among 766 Australian Indigenous children aged between 10–15-years using data from the LSIC study. Bivariate and multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analyses were employed. Findings indicated children self-reported bullying more than parents reported their children were being bullied (44% vs. 33.6%), with a higher percentage from rural/remote areas than urban areas. Parents reported that oral health problems increased the probability (OR 2.20, p < 0.05) of being bullied, in Indigenous children living in urban areas. Racial discrimination, lower level of parental education and poor child oral hygiene increase the risk of bullying victimization. Parental happiness with life and a safe community were associated with a lower risk of bullying. Dental problems are linked with Australian Indigenous children experiencing bullying victimization. Cultural resilience and eliminating discrimination may be two modifiable paths to ameliorating health issues associated with bullying in the Australian Indigenous community.

Background Occupational stress is common among nurses and is thought to be one of the key factors for the global shortages of nurses. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been done to assess occupational stress among Bangladeshi nurses. This study aimed to investigate the association of sociodemographic characteristics and occupational characteristics with stress experienced by nurses working in a specialized hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed involving 155 nurses working in the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with the Bengali version of the Occupational Stress Index (OSI). Both univariate (Student t-test or ANOVA) and multivariate analyses (linear regression) were performed to identify the sociodemographic and work-related factors associated with occupational stress. Results The average score on the OSI was 147.1 – moderate level of occupational stress among nurses. The OSI score was higher in males (150.25) than in females (143.94). Nurses who were aged >40 years, and single, had nursing experience between 10 and 20 years and were considering promotion tended to suffer more stress than their peers. Findings from linear regression showed that the OSI score was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with the work conditions: role overload, role ambiguity, role conflict, responsibility, support from colleagues and rational coping. Conclusion The findings indicated the importance of occupational characteristics in relation to occupational stress among nurses. Further results of this study can be utilized by researchers and policymakers to guide preventative measures to reduce occupational stress among nurses.

Purpose: To identify and compare important risk and protective factors associated with suicidality and self-harm among traditional bullying and cyberbullying victims aged 14-17-years in Australia. Design: Cross-sectional population-based study. Setting: Young Minds Matter, a nationwide survey in Australia. Subjects: Adolescents aged 14-17-years (n = 2125). Measures: Suicidality and self-harm were outcome variables, and explanatory variables included sociodemographic factors (age, gender, country of birth, household income, location, family type), risk factors (parental distress, family functioning, family history of substance use, child substance use, mental disorder, psychosis, eating disorders, sexual activity) and protective factors (high self-esteem, positive mental health or resilience, school connectedness, sleep) among 2 types of bullying victims—traditional and cyber. Traditional bullying includes physical (hit, kick, push) or verbal (tease, rumors, threat, ignorance), and cyberbullying includes teasing messages/pictures via email, social medial using the internet and/or mobile phones. Analysis: Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression models. Statistical metrics include Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit-test, VIF test, Linktest and ROC curve for model performance and fitness. Results: Overall, 25.6% of adolescents were traditional bullying victims and 12% were cyberbullying victims. The percentages of suicidality (34.4% vs 21.6%) and self-harm (32.8% vs 22.3%) were higher in cyberbullying victims than in traditional bullying victims. Girls were more often bullied and likely to experience suicidal and self-harming behavior than boys. Parental distress, mental disorder and psychosis were found to be significantly associated with the increase risk for self-harm and suicidality among both bullying victims (p < 0.05). While, eating disorder and sexual activity increased the risk of suicidality in traditional bullying victims and self-harm in cyberbullying

Syed Afroz Keramat,1– 3 Khorshed Alam,1,3 Bright Opoku Ahinkorah,4 Md Sariful Islam,2 Md Irteja Islam,1,3 Md Zobayer Hossain,5 Sazia Ahmed,2 Jeff Gow,1,6 Stuart JH Biddle3 1School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia; 2Economics Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh; 3Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia; 4School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; 5Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh; 6School of Accounting, Economics, and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South AfricaCorrespondence: Syed Afroz Keramat Email afroz.keramat@usq.edu.auBackground: Both obesity and disability have been widely recognised as major public health challenges because they play significant roles in determining self-perceived general and mental health. Longitudinal studies of the relationship between obesity and disability with self-reported health outcomes are scarce. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to examine the relationship between obesity and disability with self-perceived general and mental health among Australian adults aged 15 years and above.Methods: Data were extracted from the most recent 14 waves (waves 6 through 19) of the annual individual person dataset of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The longitudinal random-effects logistic regression model was adopted to investigate the relationships between obesity and disability with self-reported health outcomes.Results: The results revealed that obese individuals and adults with some form of disability are more likely to report poor or fair general and mental health. The odds of self-reporting poor or fair general health were 2.40 and 6.07 times higher among obese (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 2.22– 2.58) and adults with some form of dis