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The authors conducted an empirical examination of the relationship between extra-normal ability (inability) in principles of economics courses and student performance in the various areas of the business discipline such as finance, marketing, management, and accounting. Extra-normal ability is defined as the part of an economics grade that cannot be explained by a student's general academic ability. The authors found the relationships to be disparate. Performances in finance and management were found to be related to extra-normal ability in both micro- and macroeconomic principles; for marketing, performance was found to be related only to microeconomics, and it was found to be unrelated in accounting and economics principles. The authors argue that effective curriculum designs should involve variation of economics emphasis across the different business concentrations. (Contains 9 tables and 5 notes.)

Introduction: Obesity in childhood is a major cause for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at adulthood. The present study was a cross-sectional research aimed to examine the relationship between childhood obesity and dietary pattern with CVD in patients (n=100) from Tangail City, Bangladesh. Methods: Dietary patterns, laboratory tests, demographic, and anthropometric interrelated data were measured in patients with stroke and heart attack from five hospitals. The research also used 24-hour recall method and a food frequency questionnaire for assessing daily energy and macronutrient intakes. Results: Weight (p=0.004), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.001), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) (p=0.009), and waist circumference (WC) (p=0.030) was significantly different between males and females whereas lipid profile was not significantly different between genders. There were no significant associations between intakes of red meat, salt, fast food, fish, egg, nuts and seeds with heart attack and stroke. On the contrary, there were significant associations between fried food intake with heart attack and stroke (p=0.080 and p=0.020). The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between carbohydrate (p=0.001), protein (p=0.001), and fat (p=0.001) intakes with the total energy intake of respondents. The findings also showed that there was a significant relationship between carbohydrate (p=0.003), protein (p=0.001), and fat (p=0.001) intakes with body mass index of the respondents. Conclusion: CVD diagnosis in adult patients was found to be associated with fried food intake but not with childhood obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fortification of edible oil with retinyl palmitate (vitamin A) is a significant advancement to fulfill the nutritional deficiency of major population. The growing interest in the enrichment of foods warrants a simple and accurate method to analyze fortified products. This study developed an easy and reliable strategy based on normal-phase HPLC analysis to determine the edible oil's retinyl palmitate. We also validated the method according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The analysis was performed with a DB silica column (250 cm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm), with a mobile phase composed of n-heptane and isopropyl alcohol at a ratio of 75:25 v/v and a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection was performed at a wavelength of 326 nm, and the retention time of vitamin A was around 8 min, with a total run time of 10 min. The calibration plot gave a linear relationship (R2 = 0.9998) over the concentration range of 3.93–63 μg/ml. The LOD and LOQ were 0.029 and 0.096 μg/ml, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was determined by recovery studies and was found with a mean recovery of >95%. RSD% of the determination of precision was <2%. The results of robustness and solutions stability studies were within acceptable limits. The proposed method showed excellent linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, LOD, LOQ, and system suitability results within the acceptable criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis is one of the major health problems in Bangladesh as well as other regions of the world. The aim of this clinical trial was to investigate combined effects of vitamin C and anti-tuberculosis drugs in tuberculosis patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 tuberculosis patients were enrolled in the study through random sampling and separated into intervention (vitamin C and anti-tuberculosis drugs) and control (only anti-tuberculosis drugs) groups, where the intervention group was treated with 1000 mg of vitamin C daily in addition to anti-tuberculosis drugs and the control group was treated with only anti-tuberculosis drugs for 28 days. In the second stage, the microbial count of tuberculosis patients was assessed using sputum smear test for control and intervention groups after a 7-d time interval. Results: Smear test of the patient first week showed that the microbial loads comparatively decreased compared to the test of the second week using combined treatment of vitamin C and anti-tuberculosis drugs for the intervention group (p=0.034). In contrast, the control group included p=0.000, p=0.341 and p=0.346 for the second, third and fourth-week tests with no significance. Conclusions: Combined effects of vitamin C and anti-tuberculosis drugs in TB patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]