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4. Deep Energy-Based Modeling of Discrete-Time Physics

Author

Matsubara, Takashi, Ishikawa, Ai, and Yaguchi, Takaharu

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning, 00A71, 65L05, 65M06
Abstract

Physical phenomena in the real world are often described by energy-based modeling theories, such as Hamiltonian mechanics or the Landau theory, which yield various physical laws. Recent developments in neural networks have enabled the mimicking of the energy conservation law by learning the underlying continuous-time differential equations. However, this may not be possible in discrete time, which is often the case in practical learning and computation. Moreover, other physical laws have been overlooked in the previous neural network models. In this study, we propose a deep energy-based physical model that admits a specific differential geometric structure. From this structure, the conservation or dissipation law of energy and the mass conservation law follow naturally. To ensure the energetic behavior in discrete time, we also propose an automatic discrete differential algorithm that enables neural networks to employ the discrete gradient method., Comment: Accepted to Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS2020) as an oral presentation

Published
2019

6. Diagnostic Sensitivity and Symptomatic Relevance of Dopamine Transporter Imaging and Myocardial Sympathetic Scintigraphy in Patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Author

Tang, Zhihui, primary, Hirano, Shigeki, additional, Koizumi, Yume, additional, Izumi, Michiko, additional, Kitayama, Yoshihisa, additional, Yamagishi, Kosuke, additional, Tamura, Mitsuyoshi, additional, Ishikawa, Ai, additional, Kashiwado, Kouichi, additional, Iimori, Takashi, additional, Mukai, Hiroki, additional, Yokota, Hajime, additional, Horikoshi, Takuro, additional, Uno, Takashi, additional, and Kuwabara, Satoshi, additional

Published
2024
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9. Perceptions of Aging and Disability among College Students in Japan

Author

Warren, Nicholas J., Kamimura, Akiko, Trinh, Ha Ngoc, Stephens, Emily, Omi, Keita, Kanaoka, Ana, Ishikawa, Ai, and Yamanaka, Katsuo

Abstract

Japan launched the Long-term Care Insurance program in 2000, and ratified the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2014. Japan has been taking significant steps to support their elderly population and individuals with disabilities. However, information is lacking on the understanding and opinions of either of these groups among Japanese college students, many of whom will have significant impact on the development of relevant programs in the future. The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of the elderly, individuals with a physical disability, and individuals with a mental disability. Three focus groups were held with a total of 20 college students throughout June and July 2015 in Japan. Lack of formal and human resources are issues for the elderly and people with physical disabilities. It is important to increase awareness of struggles related to physical and mental disabilities. Images of physical and mental disabilities in society and media need to be improved. Future studies need to expand in the following areas: 1) to examine the issues of lack of formal and human resources and its impact on the elderly, families and society; 2) to develop programs to increase awareness of the issues of disabilities and evaluate the effectiveness of the programs; and 3) to examine the impact of media on perceptions of people with a disability.

Published
2015

15. Relationship between person with dementia and adolescents: A preliminary survey of the Association Between Children and Dementia Elders (ABCDE) Project

Author

Hirano, Shigeki, Shimizu, Keisuke, Murayama, Noriko, Ishikawa, Moeno, Furukawa, Shogo, Kojima, Kazuho, Ishikawa, Ai, Shimada, Hitoshi, Shinoto, Hitoshi, Kashiwado, Koichi, Sasaki, Tsuyoshi, Iyo, Masaomi, Kuwabara, Satoshi, Shigeki, Hirano, Shogo, Furukawa, Kazuho, Kojima, Ai, Ishikawa, Hitoshi, Shimada, and Hitoshi, Shinoto

Subjects
humanities
Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship and psychological reaction of person with dementia and their grandchildren by administering a questionnaire to the primary caregiver. Methods: A total of 109 caregivers of people with dementia in outpatient enrolled in this study. Questionnaire collected information on age, gender, cognitive severity (Mini-Mental State Examination), clinical diagnosis, relationship of the caregiver, frequency of meeting with grandchildren, and reaction of person with dementia to spending time with their grandchildren and/or great-grandchildren, and vice versa. Results: Eighty-four people had at least one grandchild (77.1%) and a quarter lived with their grandchild and/or great-grandchild. Age of grandchildren increased with increasing age of person with dementia; frequency of seeing each other decreased with increasing age. While most people with dementia were reported to look happy when spending time with their grandchildren (94.5%), young people tended to be more non-reactive (26.0%). Non-reactive grandchildren were more prevalent in the older dementia age group (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the majority of grandchildren (74.0%) enjoyed spending time together. Conclusions: People with dementia enjoy spending time with their grandchildren, although older grandchildren are less reactive in these situations.

Published
2020

16. Microglial Activation During Pathogenesis of Tauopathy in rTg4510 Mice: Implications for the Early Diagnosis of Tauopathy

Author

Sahara, Naruhiko, Maeda, Jun, Ishikawa, Ai, Tokunaga, Masaki, Suhara, Tetsuya, and Higuchi, Makoto

Abstract

Tauopathy is characterized by the fibrillar tau accumulation in neurons and glial cells. In order to advance our understanding of the causative mechanisms of tauopathy, neuroinflammation, which has been suggested to play important roles in disease progression, will require particular attention. Neuroinflammation is characterized predominantly by microglial activation. At present, it is still under debate whether microglial activation is a cause or a result of neurodegeneration. To search for a temporal relationship between neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, our group demonstrated that in vivo imaging (e.g., tau-PET, TSPO-PET, and volumetric MRI) of tauopathy mice strongly supports the evidence of microglial activation along with both pathological tau accumulation and brain atrophy. Both in vivo imaging and histochemical analysis confirmed that microglial TSPO accumulation was the late event during the pathogenesis of tauopathy. On the other hand, it is known that purinergic receptor P2Y12 as a marker of homeostatic microglia cells was reduced at an early stage of disease progression. In this review, we will introduce a phenotypic change of microglia in a mouse model of tauopathy and propose novel approaches to the establishment of imaging biomarkers, thereby targeting the early diagnosis of tauopathy

Published
2018

18. The Neuropsychological Correlates of Brain Perfusion and Gray Matter Volume in Alzheimer’s Disease

Author

Tai, Hong, primary, Hirano, Shigeki, additional, Sakurai, Toru, additional, Nakano, Yoshikazu, additional, Ishikawa, Ai, additional, Kojima, Kazuho, additional, Li, Hongliang, additional, Shimada, Hitoshi, additional, Kashiwado, Koichi, additional, Mukai, Hiroki, additional, Horikoshi, Takuro, additional, Sugiyama, Atsuhiko, additional, Uno, Takashi, additional, and Kuwabara, Satoshi, additional

Published
2020
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19. Tracking tau fibrillogenesis and consequent primary phagocytosis of neurons mediated by microglia in a living tauopathy model

Author

Takuwa, Hiroyuki, primary, Orihara, Asumi, additional, Takado, Yuhei, additional, Urushihata, Takuya, additional, Shimojo, Masafumi, additional, Ishikawa, Ai, additional, Takahashi, Manami, additional, Barron, Anna M., additional, Ono, Maiko, additional, Maeda, Jun, additional, Masamoto, Kazuto, additional, Akatsu, Hiroyasu, additional, Tolkovsky, Aviva M., additional, Ji, Bin, additional, Tomita, Yutaka, additional, Ito, Hiroshi, additional, Zhang, Ming-Rong, additional, Goedert, Michel, additional, Spillantini, Maria Grazia, additional, Lee, Virginia M. -Y., additional, Trojanowski, John Q., additional, Maehara, Taketoshi, additional, Suhara, Tetsuya, additional, Sahara, Naruhiko, additional, and Higuchi, Makoto, additional

Published
2020
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24. Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery(VATS) for acute empyema: evaluation of our experience with 39 cases

Author

Matsudaira, Hideki, primary, Ishikawa, Ai, additional, Arakawa, Satoshi, additional, Noda, Yuki, additional, Kato, Daiki, additional, Shibasaki, Takamasa, additional, Mori, Shohei, additional, Nakata, Takeo, additional, Asano, Hisatoshi, additional, Yamashita, Makoto, additional, Hirano, Jun, additional, Ogawa, Masaichi, additional, and Ohtsuka, Takashi, additional

Published
2019
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27. Dysfunction of the left angular gyrus may be associated with writing errors in ALS.

Author

Sakurai, Toru, Hirano, Shigeki, Abe, Midori, Uji, Yuriko, Shimizu, Keisuke, Suzuki, Masahide, Nakano, Yoshikazu, Ishikawa, Ai, Kojima, Kazuho, Shibuya, Kazumoto, Murata, Atsushi, and Kuwabara, Satoshi

Subjects
SINGLE-photon emission computed tomography, NEUROLINGUISTICS, AMYOTROPHIC lateral sclerosis, BEHAVIORAL assessment, CEREBRAL circulation, MULTIPLE regression analysis
Abstract

Background: Language dysfunction is a feature of cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that may compromise communication. Objective: To elucidate language dysfunction in patients with ALS and its relationship with other neuropsychological tests and to identify the brain regions associated with this dysfunction using perfusion image. Methods: Overall, 37 patients with ALS were included in this study. Their neuropsychological function was investigated using the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), Frontal Assessment Battery and Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome. N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography was used to examine regional cerebral blood flow and its relationship with WAB scores was investigated using multiple regression analyses, controlled for age, sex and years of education. Results: Frequency of language abnormality in ALS was 8.5% for spontaneous speech, 25.7% for auditory verbal comprehension, 8.8% for repetition, 14.7% for naming, 17.6% for reading and 51.4% for writing. The writing error was mainly omission and substitution of kana letters. Executive tests were correlated with naming (r > 0.5, p < 0.001) and reading (r > 0.4, p < 0.01) scores. With respect to the writing sub-test, positive perfusional relationship was only detected in the left angular gyrus. Conclusions: The left angular gyrus is the region associated with the writing errors observed in ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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28. A Case of Pulmonary Embolism which Recovered by Emergency Surgical Embolectomy

Author

Ishikawa, Ai, Tobe, Masaru, Kunimoto, Fumio, and Saito, Shigeru

Subjects
pulmonary embolism, anticoagulant therapy, 抗凝固療法, 肺血栓塞栓症, surgical embolectomy, 外科的血栓除去術
Abstract

症例は39 歳女性. 突然の呼吸困難とめまいを主訴に発症し, 緊急搬送となった. 造影CT で, 肺血栓塞栓症(PTE : Pulmonary thromboembolism) および深部静脈血栓症(DVT : Deep vessel thrombosis) と診断した.血栓症の危険因子として肥満, 高血圧症, 経口避妊薬内服歴があげられた. 入院後循環動態が安定していたため, PTE に対しては抗凝固療法を開始し, DVT に対しては血栓の大きさを考慮し下大静脈フィルターの適応はないと判断された. しかし第3病日の造影CT での再評価では肺血栓は増大しており心臓超音波検査でも肺高血圧所見を認めたため, 外科的血栓除去術を緊急的に行った. 血栓除去後すぐに心機能は回復せず, 体外循環下にICU 帰室したが,その後経過は良好で術後22日に独歩退院した.呼吸・循環動態の安定している肺血栓塞栓症の基本的治療は抗凝固療法だが, 奏功しない症例においては外科的血栓除去術を考慮すべきである., The mainstay of pulmonary embolism(PE)treatment is anticoagulation. If a patient with acute PE fails to respond to initial anticoagulation, with worsening cardiovascular instability and respiratory failure, then, surgical embolectomy should be considered. We present the PE case of a 39-year-old woman who was overweight and had oral contraceptives for a few months. The patient was hospitalized for a diagnosis of PE and started to receive anticoagulant therapy with heparin. But two days after,the patient suffered from worsening of PE. Though the patient’s cardiovascular stability was maintained with percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) and intra aortic balloon pumping (IABP), the pulmonary thrombus was enlarged under the CT image. Also,right ventricle dysfunction was detected by echocardiography. And then, the patient undertook emergency surgical embolectomy. After the surgery, the patient needed PCPS support for two days for the right ventricle dysfunction. The patient was discharged from the intensive care unit without PCPS and IABP, four days after the surgery. The patient left the hospital on foot, 22 days after the surgery. We experienced a case of sub-massive PE during the anticoagulant therapy. The patient was successfully saved by emergency surgical embolectomy.

Published
2014

29. In Vivo Visualization of Tau Accumulation, Microglial Activation, and Brain Atrophy in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy rTg4510

Author

Ishikawa, Ai, primary, Tokunaga, Masaki, additional, Maeda, Jun, additional, Minamihisamatsu, Takeharu, additional, Shimojo, Masafumi, additional, Takuwa, Hiroyuki, additional, Ono, Maiko, additional, Ni, Ruiqing, additional, Hirano, Shigeki, additional, Kuwabara, Satoshi, additional, Ji, Bin, additional, Zhang, Ming-Rong, additional, Aoki, Ichio, additional, Suhara, Tetsuya, additional, Higuchi, Makoto, additional, and Sahara, Naruhiko, additional

Published
2018
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31. [P4-088]: VISUALIZATION OF MICROGLIAL RESPONSE TO TAU-INDUCED NEURODEGENERATION IN A MODEL OF TAUOPATHY

Author

Sahara, Naruhiko, primary, Jun, Maeda, additional, Ishikawa, Ai, additional, Ono, Maiko, additional, Takuwa, Hiroyuki, additional, Shimojo, Masafumi, additional, Minamihisamatsu, Takeharu, additional, Tokunaga, Masaki, additional, Uchida, Shouko, additional, Matsumoto, Izumi, additional, Ji, Bin, additional, Zhang, Ming-Rong, additional, Suhara, Tetsuya, additional, and Higuchi, Makoto, additional

Published
2017
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32. [P3-495]: INTRODUCING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDREN AND DEMENTED ELDERLY (ABCDE) PROJECT

Author

Hirano, Shigeki, primary, Shimizu, Keisuke, additional, Murayama, Noriko, additional, Ishikawa, Moeno, additional, Furukawa, Shogo, additional, Kojima, Kazuho, additional, Ishikawa, Ai, additional, Nakano, Yoshikazu, additional, Sakurai, Toru, additional, Sasaki, Tsuyoshi, additional, Iyo, Masaomi, additional, Kuwabara, Satoshi, additional, Shimada, Hitoshi, additional, and Shinotoh, Hitoshi, additional

Published
2017
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33. P1-287: Investigating The Link Between Pathological TAU Accumulation, Neuroinflammation and Brain Atrophy in a Model of Tauopathy

Author

Sahara, Naruhiko, primary, Ishikawa, Ai, additional, Tokunaga, Masaki, additional, Minamihisamatsu, Takeharu, additional, Shimojo, Masafumi, additional, Ono, Maiko, additional, Uchida, Shouko, additional, Matsumoto, Izumi, additional, Takuwa, Hiroyuki, additional, Zhang, Ming-Rong, additional, Suhara, Tetsuya, additional, and Higuchi, Makoto, additional

Published
2016
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41. Invariance of Furihata's Discrete Gradient Schemes for the Webster Equation with Different Riemannian Structures.

Author

Ishikawa, Ai and Yaguchi, Takaharu

Subjects
*MATHEMATICAL symmetry, *DISCRETE systems, *RIEMANNIAN geometry, *MATHEMATICAL analysis, *SYMPLECTIC geometry, *DIFFERENTIAL geometry
Abstract

We consider invariance of schemes derived by using the discrete gradient method for the Webster equation under change of Riemannian structures. In our previous research we expected that Furihata's discrete gradient method for the Webster equation has invariance under change of Riemannian structures. In this paper we prove this conjecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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