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1. Consequences of parasitized aphid prey feeding on the development and fitness attributes of predatory syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius)

Author

Udayakumar, Amala, Venu, Hunasikote Shamappa, Rameshkumar, Anandhan, and Shivalingaswamy, Timalapur Maharudrappa

Abstract

A study was conducted to investigate the development and fitness of predatory syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris on cowpea aphid host parasitised by Lysiphlebus fabarum. Number of eggs laid by I. scutellaris in the cowpea plants infested with healthy aphids (317.16 ± 14.84 eggs) and in plants with mixed population of healthy and parasitised aphids (302.20 ± 5.49 eggs) were statistically on par with each other. The number of healthy aphids (243 ± 36.65 aphids) and mixed population of healthy and parasitised aphids (206.60 ± 37.39 aphids) consumed by I. scutellaris was statistically on par with each other. Net reproductive rate (R0) of I. scutellaris in the healthy and healthy + mummified aphid hosts were 289.90 ± 7.66 and 267.40 ± 2.74, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of I. scutellaris on the healthy (0.15 ± 0.08) and healthy + mummified aphid hosts (0.14 ± 0.07) was significantly different from each other. The results of the study confirmed that adult flies of I. scutellaris could be maintained in the mixed population of healthy and mummified aphid host, A. craccivora without any interference in its oviposition and egg hatchability. The observations of this study are of practical significance in terms of culture maintenance of syrphid predator, I. scutellaris at times of non-availability of pure healthy aphid hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Studies to identify an alternative aphid host for culturing the predatory syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Author

Amala Udayakumar, K. G. R. Chandramanu, Sunil Joshi, and Timalapur M. Shivalingaswamy

Subjects
Ischiodon scutellaris, Aphis craccivora, Alternate host, Hyperomyzus carduellinus, Mass-rearing, Agriculture
Abstract

Abstract Background Aphidophagous syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is an effective predator of aphids that infest many agricultural and horticultural crops. Cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the natural host for culturing syrphid predator, I. scutellaris. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding and development of I. scutellaris on seven species of aphid hosts viz., A. craccivora, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis gossypii Glover (from cotton), Schoutedenia emblica (Patel & Kulkarni), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Aphis gossypii (from okra) and Hyperomyzus carduellinus (Theobald) and to identify an alternative aphid host to maintain the culture of I. scutellaris during the situation of non-availability/loss of the culture of A. craccivora. Results Aphis fabae was not accepted for feeding by the larvae of I. scutellaris. The larvae of I. scutellaris did not survive on S. emblica. The descending order of feeding potential of aphids by I. scutellaris was A. craccivora > H. carduellinus > B.brassicae > A. gossypii (from cotton) > A. gossypii (from okra) > S. emblica. The larva of I. suctellaris completed its development in combination of the aphid prey (A. craccivora + H. carduellinus). The net reproductive rates (R 0) of I. scutellaris when fed on A. craccivora and H. carduellinus were 308.28 and 302.33, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of I. scutellaris was significantly higher when reared on H. carduellinus (0.155 ± 0.003) than on A. craccivora (0.143 ± 0.004). Conclusion The results confirmed that H. carduellinus reared on Lactuca virosa could serve as an alternate host for the mass production of I. scutellaris.

Published
2023
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3. Studies to identify an alternative aphid host for culturing the predatory syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae).

Author

Udayakumar, Amala, Chandramanu, K. G. R., Joshi, Sunil, and Shivalingaswamy, Timalapur M.

Subjects
*COTTON aphid, *DIPTERA, *APHIDS, *SYRPHIDAE, *HORTICULTURAL crops, *PLASMODIOPHORA brassicae, *CROPS, *OKRA
Abstract

Background: Aphidophagous syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is an effective predator of aphids that infest many agricultural and horticultural crops. Cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the natural host for culturing syrphid predator, I. scutellaris. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding and development of I. scutellaris on seven species of aphid hosts viz., A. craccivora, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis gossypii Glover (from cotton), Schoutedenia emblica (Patel & Kulkarni), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Aphis gossypii (from okra) and Hyperomyzus carduellinus (Theobald) and to identify an alternative aphid host to maintain the culture of I. scutellaris during the situation of non-availability/loss of the culture of A. craccivora. Results: Aphis fabae was not accepted for feeding by the larvae of I. scutellaris. The larvae of I. scutellaris did not survive on S. emblica. The descending order of feeding potential of aphids by I. scutellaris was A. craccivora > H. carduellinus > B.brassicae > A. gossypii (from cotton) > A. gossypii (from okra) > S. emblica. The larva of I. suctellaris completed its development in combination of the aphid prey (A. craccivora + H. carduellinus). The net reproductive rates (R0) of I. scutellaris when fed on A. craccivora and H. carduellinus were 308.28 and 302.33, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of I. scutellaris was significantly higher when reared on H. carduellinus (0.155 ± 0.003) than on A. craccivora (0.143 ± 0.004). Conclusion: The results confirmed that H. carduellinus reared on Lactuca virosa could serve as an alternate host for the mass production of I. scutellaris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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4. Biological parameters of two syrphid fly species Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) and Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer) and their predatory potential on wheat aphid Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) at different temperatures

Author

Muhammad Faheem, Shafqat Saeed, Asif Sajjad, Muhammad Razaq, and Faheem Ahmad

Subjects
Hover flies, Ischiodon scutellaris, Episyrphus balteatus, Predatory potential, Developmental periods, Schizaphis graminum, Agriculture
Abstract

Abstract Syrphid flies, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) and Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer), are among the most common aphidophagous species in wheat growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Exploit predatory species efficiently in any biological control program requires an in-depth understanding of predator and prey interactions. The present study was conducted aiming to explore and compare the predatory potential of these predatory species against the wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) along with their relative fitness at different temperatures in terms of duration of lifecycle stages under laboratory conditions. The shortest egg and pupal durations were observed at 33 °C, followed by 27 and 23 °C. Females of both species had longer life span (20.4 and 22.4 days) compared to the respective males (17.2 and 16.2 days). The pupal stage for I. scutellaris was significantly shorter than for E. balteatus at different temperatures; but statistically insignificant differences were found for any other life stage. The larvae of I. scutellaris consumed significantly more aphids (438.16) than E. balteatus (398.37) during their larval life span, and this difference was significant during the 1st and 3rd instars. However, the average daily prey intake of both species was found similar until the 10th day after hatching, and thereafter, I. scutellaris consumed significantly higher numbers of aphids/day. Obtained results may offer a baseline data for future conservation studies on biological control of aphids.

Published
2019
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5. Comparison of Feeding Ability between Ischiodon scutellaris (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Menochilus sexmaculatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Author

Adhyatma Noor Rizal, Nugroho Susetya Putra, and Suputa Suputa

Subjects
Aphis craccivora, feeding ability, Ischiodon scutellaris, Menochilus sexmaculatus, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Study on the feeding ability of two predators of Aphis craccivora (Koch), i.e. larvae of syrphid fly, Ischiodon scutellaris and coccinellid beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus has been done in the laboratory. The study was conducted to determine the impacts of prey densities on larval development time, and the survival rate of larval stage. The results showed that M. sexmaculatus larvae required more prey than I. scutellaris in the 1st instar, but I. scutellaris ate more prey than M. sexmaculatus in the 3rd instar. Furthermore, addition of prey number shortened significanly the development time of the larvae stage, almost all of 1st and 3rd instars M. sexmaculatus and I. scutellaris were able to develop into pupae, whereas, only 45% out of total 1st instar provided with 20 prey individuals succeed to pupate. The impact of the number of prey on the biology of aphidophaga in relation to their role as controlling aphid in nature is discussed in this paper. Intisari Kajian tentang kemampuan makan dua predator Aphis craccivora (Koch), yaitu larva lalat syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris dan kumbang koksi, Menochilus sexmaculatus telah dilakukan di laboratorium. Kajian juga dilakukan untuk memahami dampak jumlah mangsa pada lama perkembangan larva menjadi pupa dan keloloshidupan larva menjadi pupa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa larva M. sexmaculatus membutuhkan lebih banyak mangsa daripada I. scutellaris pada instar 1, namun I. scutellaris makan lebih banyak mangsa daripada M. sexmaculatus pada instar 3. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penambahan mangsa mempercepat waktu perkembangan larva secara signifikan. Semua larva instar 1 dan 3 M. sexmaculatus dan I. scutellaris mampu lolos menjadi pupa, kecuali larva instar 1 M. sexmaculatus yang hanya mampu lolos menjadi pupa sebanyak 45% jika diberi mangsa 20 ekor. Dampak jumlah mangsa pada biologi afidofaga dalam kaitannya dengan peran mereka sebagai pengendali populasi kutu afid di alam dibahas dalam tulisan ini.

Published
2018
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7. Comparison of Feeding Ability between Ischiodon scutellaris (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Menochilus sexmaculatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Author

Nugroho Susetya Putra, Suputa Suputa, and Adhyatma Noor Rizal

Subjects
biology, Aphis craccivora, Ischiodon scutellaris, Aphididae, feeding ability, lcsh:Plant culture, biology.organism_classification, Hemiptera, lcsh:S1-972, Toxicology, Menochilus sexmaculatus, Coccinellidae, lcsh:SB1-1110, lcsh:Agriculture (General)
Abstract

Study on the feeding ability of two predators of Aphis craccivora (Koch), i.e. larvae of syrphid fly, Ischiodo n scutellaris and coccinellid beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus has been done in the laboratory. The study was conducted to determine the impacts of prey densities on larval development time, and the survival rate of larval stage. The results showed that M. sexmaculatus larvae required more prey than I. scutellaris in the 1st instar, but I. scutellaris ate more prey than M. sexmaculatus in the 3rd instar. Furthermore, addition of prey number shortened significanly the development time of the larvae stage, almost all of 1st and 3rd instars M. sexmaculatus and I. scutellaris were able to develop into pupae, whereas, only 45% out of total 1st instar provided with 20 prey individuals succeed to pupate. The impact of the number of prey on the biology of aphidophaga in relation to their role as controlling aphid in nature is discussed in this paper. Intisari Kajian tentang kemampuan makan dua predator Aphis craccivora (Koch), yaitu larva lalat syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris dan kumbang koksi, Menochilus sexmaculatus telah dilakukan di laboratorium. Kajian juga dilakukan untuk memahami dampak jumlah mangsa pada lama perkembangan larva menjadi pupa dan keloloshidupan larva menjadi pupa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa larva M. sexmaculatus membutuhkan lebih banyak mangsa daripada I. scutellaris pada instar 1, namun I. scutellaris makan lebih banyak mangsa daripada M. sexmaculatus pada instar 3. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penambahan mangsa mempercepat waktu perkembangan larva secara signifikan. Semua larva instar 1 dan 3 M. sexmaculatus dan I. scutellaris mampu lolos menjadi pupa, kecuali larva instar 1 M. sexmaculatus yang hanya mampu lolos menjadi pupa sebanyak 45% jika diberi mangsa 20 ekor. Dampak jumlah mangsa pada biologi afidofaga dalam kaitannya dengan peran mereka sebagai pengendali populasi kutu afid di alam dibahas dalam tulisan ini.

Published
2018

8. THÀNH PHẦN LOÀI CỦA RUỒI THUỘC HỌ SYRPHIDAE (DIPTERA), CHU KỲ SINH TRƯỞNG VÀ KHẢ NĂNG ĂN RẦY MỀM (APHIDIDAE, HOMOPTERA) CỦA MỘT SỐ LOÀI PHỔ BIẾN Ở ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG

Author

Phan Văn Biết and Nguyễn Văn Huỳnh

Subjects
Ruồi ăn rầy mềm, Syrphidae, chu kỳ sinh trưởng, Ischiodon scutellaris, Dideopsis aegrotus, Paragus crenulatus, Science
Abstract

Ruồi của họ Syrphidae thường thấy xuất hiện trên hoa để hút mật và góp phần làm thụ phấn, còn ấu trùng của chúng có nhiều loài ăn rầy mềm. Nhằm mục đích ước lượng vai trò của chúng trong biện pháp sinh học của phòng trừ tổng hợp sâu hại (IPM), đây là đề tài nghiên cứu được tiến hành lần đầu tiên ở vùng đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Kết quả điều tra cho thấy có 19 loài thuộc 11 chi, trong đó có 5 loài là thiên địch bắt mồi của rầy mềm (thuộc họ Aphididae), phổ biến nhất là Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius), Dideopsis aegrotus (Fabricius) và Paragus crenulatus Thompson. Khả năng bắt mồi của ba loài này được ghi nhận là tùy thuộc vào đặc điểm về loài của chúng và vật chủ, đặc điểm hình thái được mô tả và vòng đời được khảo sát cho thấy rất ngắn, vào khoảng 3 tuần lễ.

Published
2010

11. Biological parameters of two syrphid fly species Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) and Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer) and their predatory potential on wheat aphid Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) at different temperatures

Author

Asif Sajjad, Muhammad Faheem, Muhammad Razaq, Shafqat Saeed, and Faheem Ahmad

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biological pest control, Zoology, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Predation, lcsh:Agriculture, Developmental periods, Hover flies, Episyrphus balteatus, Aphid, Larva, Ecology, biology, Hatching, lcsh:S, Ischiodon scutellaris, biology.organism_classification, Pupa, 010602 entomology, Insect Science, Schizaphis graminum, Instar, Predatory potential, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Syrphid flies, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) and Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer), are among the most common aphidophagous species in wheat growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Exploit predatory species efficiently in any biological control program requires an in-depth understanding of predator and prey interactions. The present study was conducted aiming to explore and compare the predatory potential of these predatory species against the wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) along with their relative fitness at different temperatures in terms of duration of lifecycle stages under laboratory conditions. The shortest egg and pupal durations were observed at 33 °C, followed by 27 and 23 °C. Females of both species had longer life span (20.4 and 22.4 days) compared to the respective males (17.2 and 16.2 days). The pupal stage for I. scutellaris was significantly shorter than for E. balteatus at different temperatures; but statistically insignificant differences were found for any other life stage. The larvae of I. scutellaris consumed significantly more aphids (438.16) than E. balteatus (398.37) during their larval life span, and this difference was significant during the 1st and 3rd instars. However, the average daily prey intake of both species was found similar until the 10th day after hatching, and thereafter, I. scutellaris consumed significantly higher numbers of aphids/day. Obtained results may offer a baseline data for future conservation studies on biological control of aphids.

Published
2019
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12. Ischiodon scutellaris

Author

Ramage, Thibault, Charlat, Sylvain, and Mengual, Ximo

Subjects
Insecta, Arthropoda, Diptera, Animalia, Ischiodon scutellaris, Biodiversity, Syrphidae, Taxonomy, Ischiodon
Abstract

Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805) Figs 2D, 3 G���H, 6 A Scaeva scutellaris Fabricius, 1805: 252 (holotype: ♂, UZMC; type locality: India, Tamil Nadu, Tranquebar). Syrphus coromandelensis Macquart, 1842: 149. Sphaerophoria annulipes Macquart, 1855: 116. Syrphus splendens Doleschall, 1856: 410. Syrphus nodalis Thomson, 1869: 497. Syrphus erythropygus Bigot, 1884: 87. Syrphus ruficauda Bigot, 1884: 96. Melithreptus novaeguineae Kert��sz, 1899: 178. Ischiodon trochanterica Sack, 1913: 6. Melithreptus ogasawarensis Matsumura, 1916: 23. Ischiodon boninensis Matsumura, 1919: 128. Epistrophe platychiroides Frey, 1946: 164. Ischiodon penicillatus Hardy, 1952: 363 (nomen nudum). Epistrophe magnicornis Shiraki, 1963: 141. Sphaerophoria macquarti Van der Goot, 1964: 220. Differential diagnosis Species with basoflagellomere elongate and subacute apically, face yellow, metasternum bare and abdominal terga 2���5 distinctly marginated (Figs 2D, 3 G���H). It differs from S. grandicornis by having a dorsal yellow macula on the katepisternum and the male metatrochanter with a ventral spine-like process or calcar. Material examined FRENCH POLYNESIA: Austral Islands: 1 ♀, Rapa Iti, motu Karapoo rahi, 4 Apr. 2017, F. Jacq leg. (ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019531). ��� Gambier Islands: 2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, 2 puparia, Mangareva, Rikit��a, 6 Apr. 1966, P. Cochereau leg. (MNHN); 1 ♀, Mangareva, 16 Apr. 1966, Malaise trap, P. Cochereau leg. (MNHN). ��� Marquesas Islands: 5 ♀♀, Fatu Hiva, ���Omoa, 6���26. Aug. 2013, Malaise trap, F. Jacq leg. (3 ♀♀: CTR; 2 ♀♀: ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019714, ZFMK-DIP-00019715); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Hiva Oa, 5 Mar. 2013, F. Jacq leg. (1 ♀: CTR; 1 ♂: ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019721); 2 ♀♀, Nuku Hiva, Vall��e fran��aise, Apr. 2013, Malaise trap, F. Jacq leg. (CTR); 1 ♀, Nuku Hiva, Anaho, 13 Aug. 2014, F. Jacq leg. (CTR); 13 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂, Tahuata, 5 Sep. 2012, Malaise trap, F. Jacq leg. (9 ♀♀, 1 ♂: CTR; 4 ♀♀, 1 ♂: ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019708 to ZFMK-DIP-00019712). ��� Society Islands: 13 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, Bora Bora, Vairupe, 13 Nov. 2012, Malaise trap, F. Jacq leg. (11 ♀♀, 1 ♂: CTR; 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂: ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019719, ZFMK-DIP-00019720, ZFMK-DIP-0001971922, ZFMK- DIP-00019723); 1 ♂, Huahine, motu Maeva, 16��41���51.5��� S, 150��58���50.8��� W, 1 Jul. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_07570); 1 ♀, Huahine, Pohue Rahi, 16��46���51.2��� S, 150��58���34.7��� W, 470 m a.s.l., 4 Jul. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_08019); 1 ♂, same collection data as preceding (SCL: symbiocode_08018); 1 ♂, Huahine, Pohue Rahi, 16��46���54.44��� S, 150��58���10.07��� W, 265 m a.s.l., 23 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (CTR); 2 ♂♂, Huahine, Pointe Tiva, 16��49���17.31��� S, 150��59���4.42��� W, 5 m a.s.l., 22 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (CTR); 1 ♀, Moorea, motu Tiahura, 17��29���15��� S, 149��54���43��� W, Malaise trap, Oct. 2006, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_01632); 2 ♀♀, same collection data as preceding but Nov. 2006 (SCL); 1♀, Moorea, Opunohu, Trois Cocotiers Trail, 17��33���00��� S, 149��50���15���W, 420 m a.s.l., 2 Dec. 2006, Malaise trap, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_03845); 4 ♂♂, Moorea, 17��31���40��� S, 149��50���06��� W, 300 m a.s.l., 6 Jun. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_02597); 1 ♂, Raiatea, Faaroa Bay, 16��49���00.5��� S, 151��23���58.5��� W, 300 m a.s.l., 26 Jun. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_05172); 1 larva, Raiatea, marae Taputapuatea, 16��50���08��� S, 151��21���31��� W, 27 Jun. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_05606); 1 ♂, Raiatea, Te Mehani Rahi, 16��45���36.1��� S, 151��29���19.4��� W, 29 Jun. 2007, S. Charlat leg. (SCL: symbiocode_04987); 3 ♀♀, Raiatea, Avera Rahi, 16��47���42.17��� S, 151��24���48.82��� W, 10 m a.s.l., Malaise trap, 28 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (CTR); 1 ♀, Raiatea, Opoa, Aratao, 11 Jul. 2013, F. Jacq leg. (CTR); 1 ♂, Raiatea, Te Mehani ���ute ���ute, on Apetahia, 2014, F. Jacq and T. Laroche leg. (CTR); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Raiatea, Opoa, 18 May 2015, Malaise trap, F. Jacq leg. (ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019716, ZFMK-DIP-00019717); 1 ♂,Taha���a, Mount Ohiri Trail, 16��36���19.81��� S, 151��31���46.48��� W, 130 m a.s.l., 30 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (CTR); 1♂, Tahiti, 1854, Deyrolle leg. (MNHN); 1 ♂, Tahiti, Fautaua Valley, 333 m a.s.l., 23 Aug. 1928, A.M. Adamson leg. (NBCN); 1 ♀, Tahiti, Mount Marau, 17��36���08��� S, 149��33���42��� W, 970 m a.s.l., 4 Apr. 2006, Malaise trap, E. Claridge leg. (SCL: symbiocode_04455); 1 ♂, Tahiti, Arue, 17��32���8.26��� S, 149��31���6.74��� W, 200 m a.s.l., 16 Sep. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (CTR); 1 ♂, Tahiti, Vall��e de la Punaruu, 17��37���43.38��� S, 149��33���47.73��� W, 170 m a.s.l., 3 Oct. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (CTR); 1 ♂, Tahiti, Plateau Te Tamanu, 17��38���0.40��� S, 149��33���12.57��� W, 560 m a.s.l., 6 Oct. 2012, T. Ramage leg. (ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019729); 1 ♀, Tahiti, Punaauia, 11 Oct. 2012, Malaise trap, T. Ramage leg. (CTR); 2 ♀♀, Tahiti, Mahina, 16 Nov. 2012, Malaise trap, F. Jacq leg. (CTR); 2 ♀♀, Tahiti, Papeete, Sainte-Am��lie, 2014, F. Jacq leg. (CTR); 1 ♀, Tahiti, Papeete, Sainte-Am��lie, Mar. 2015, Malaise trap, F. Jacq leg. (CTR); 1 ♀, Tahiti, Mont Marau, 1400 m a.s.l., 27 Aug. 2017, T. Ramage and F. Jacq leg. (ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00026903). ��� Tuamotu Islands: 1 ♀, Hao, 15 May 1966, Malaise trap, P. Cochereau leg. (MNHN); 2 ♂♂, Moruroa, Eider, 8 May 1966, on flowers of Messerschmidia argentea, P. Cochereau leg. (MNHN); 1 ♂, Morane, Motu est, 1 Jun. 2012, F. Jacq leg. (ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019713); 2 ♀♀, Morane, Motu ouest, 3 Jun. 2012, F. Jacq leg. (1 ♀: CTR; 1 ♀: ZFMK: ZFMK-DIP-00019718). Geographical distribution Widespread species in the Oriental and Australasian Regions (Japan west to India and south to Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Micronesia, Samoa and other Pacific islands, including French Polynesia). Status in French Polynesia Present; recorded from Marquesas Islands, Gambier Islands, Tuamotu Islands, Austral Islands and Society Islands. Flowers visited Ischiodon scutellaris has been seen visiting two plant species, Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don and Apetahia raiateensis Baill. (Campanulaceae). Apetahlia raiateensis is a shrub endemic to the three trachytic plateaus of Raiatea and it is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN(UICN France, MNHN & DIREN Polyn��sie fran��aise 2015). In terms of conservation, the identification of the pollinators of this species may be useful (F. Jacq, pers. comm.). A couple of males at the MNHN were collected on flowers of Messerschmidia argentea (L. f.) I.M.Johnst. (= Tournefortia argentea L. f. = Heliotropium foertherianum Diane & Hilger, 2003). Due to the overall similarity between females of I. scutellaris and A. nigripilosa in the field, some records of visited flowers cannot be confidently assigned to one of these species and they are not included. Biology Cochereau (1966, 1974) observed the food web of I. scutellaris (as Xanthogramma sp.) in Mangareva, Gambier Islands. Larvae of I. scutellaris attacked several aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on different plants: Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius, 1775) on several species of Poaceae; Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) on Brassica oleracea L., (Brassicaceae); and Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 on several plants belonging to Araceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae and Myrtaceae. He also observed that the pupae of I. scutellaris were parasitized by a braconid wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Genetics The GenBank accession numbers for this species are: 28S gene (MF446488, specimen ZFMK- DIP-00019720), 18S gene (MF446444, specimen ZFMK-DIP-00019720), protein-coding COI gene (MF446540, specimen ZFMK-DIP-00019720; MF446516, specimen ZFMK-DIP-00019721). The BOLD Process IDs for the DNA barcodes (5������COI) for this species are: SYC 1600-14 (= KX053515, specimen symbiocode_01632),SYC2519-14(= KX053518,specimen symbiocode_02597), SYC3765-14 (= KX053516,specimensymbiocode_03845),SYC4375-14(= KX053520,specimensymbiocode_04455), SYC4907-14 (= KX053519, specimen symbiocode_04987), SYC5089-14 (= KX053521, specimen symbiocode_05172), SYC5521-14 (= KX053513, specimen symbiocode_05606), SYC7453-14 (= KX053514,specimen symbiocode_07570),SYC7894-14(= KX053517,specimen symbiocode_08018) and SYC7895-14 (= KX053522, specimen symbiocode_08019). The Barcode Index Number (BIN) for these specimens is BOLD:AAE5566 (https://doi.org/10.5883/BOLD:AAE5566). References Macquart 1855: 116 (description, Marquesas Islands); Thomson 1869: 497 (description, Tahiti); Aubertin & Cheesman 1929: 172 (records); Hull 1937: 83 (catalogue); Thompson 1989: 16 (cit.); Thompson & Vockeroth 1989: 444 (catalogue). Remarks Old records of this species are not easy to verify, as some authors used S. grandicornis and I. scutellaris as synonyms for a long time., Published as part of Ramage, Thibault, Charlat, Sylvain & Mengual, Ximo, 2018, Flower flies (Diptera, Syrphidae) of French Polynesia, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-37 in European Journal of Taxonomy 448 on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.448, http://zenodo.org/record/3814059, {"references":["Fabricius J. C. 1805. Systema Antliatorum: secundum Ordines, Genera, Species adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Carolus Reichard, Brunsvigae [= Braunschweig, Germany].","Macquart P. J. M. 1842. Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome deuxieme, 2 e partie. Memoires de la Societe royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts de Lille 1: 65 - 200.","Macquart P. J. M. 1855. Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 5 e supplement. Memoires de la Societe royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts de Lille 2 (1): 25 - 156.","Doleschall C. L. 1856. Eerste bijdrage tot de kennis der dipterologische fauna van Nederlandsch Indie. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 10: 403 - 414. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13612961","Thomson C. G. 1869. Diptera. Species nova descripsit. In: Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring Jorden under Befal af C. A. Virgin, aren 1851 - 1853: 443 - 614. Vol. 2 (Zoologi), part 1 (Insecta). P. A. Norstedt & Soner, Stockholm.","Bigot J. M. F. 1884. Dipteres nouveaux ou peu connus. 24 e partie (1), XXXII: Syrphidi (2 e partie). Especes nouvelles, No III (2). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, serie 6, 4: 73 - 80, 81 - 116.","Kertesz K. 1899. Verzeichniss einiger, von L. Biro in Neu-Guinea und am malayischen Archipel gesammelten Dipteren. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek 22: 173 - 195.","Sack P. 1913. H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Syrphiden I. (Dipt.). Entomologische Mitteilungen 2: 1 - 10.","Matsumura S. & Adachi J. 1916. Synopsis of the economic Syrphidae of Japan. Pl. [sic] [= Pt.] I. The Entomological Magazine, Kyoto 2: 1 - 36.","Matsumura S. & Adachi J. 1919. Synopsis of the economic Syrphidae of Japan. Pt. III. [sic] [= IV]. The Entomological Magazine, Kyoto 3: 128 - 144.","Frey R. 1946. Ubersicht der Gattungen der Syrphiden-Unterfamilie Syrphinae (Syrphinae + Bacchinae). Notulae Entomologicae 25: 152 - 172.","Hardy D. E. 1952. Notes and exhibitions. Ischiodon penicillatus (Hull). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 14: 363.","Shiraki T. 1963. Diptera: Syrphidae. Insects of Micronesia 13: 129 - 187.","Van der Goot V. S. 1964. Fluke's catalogue of Neotropical Syrphidae (Insects, Diptera), a critical study with an appendix on new names in Syrphidae. Beaufortia 10: 212 - 221.","Cochereau P. 1966. Compte rendu d'une Mission d'Inventaire faunistique aux Iles Gambier et Tuamotu (Avril-Mai 1966). ORSTOM, Noumea, New Caledonia.","Cochereau P. 1974. Ebauche d'un inventaire faunistique de l'ile de Mangareva (Archipel des Gambier). Cahiers du Pacifique 18 (2): 479 - 532.","Fabricius J. C. 1775. Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus. Kortii, Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae [= Flensburg and Leipzig].","Aubertin D. & Cheesman L. E. 1929. Diptera of French Oceania. Entomologist 62: 172 - 176. Bergh J. C. & Short B. D. 2008. Ecological and life-history notes on syrphid predators of woolly apple aphid in Virginia, with emphasis on Heringia calcarata. BioControl 53: 773 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10526 - 007 - 9114 - 0","Hull F. M. 1937. A check list of the Syrphidae of Oceania. Occasional Papers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 13 (10): 79 - 87.","Thompson F. C. & Vockeroth J. R. 1989. 51. Family Syrphidae. In: Evenhuis N. L. (ed.) Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions: 437 - 458. Bishop Museum Special Publication 86. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu and E. J. Brill, Leiden."]}

Published
2018
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13. Biological parameters of two syrphid fly species Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) and Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer) and their predatory potential on wheat aphid Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) at different temperatures.

Author

Razaq, Muhammad, Faheem, Muhammad, Saeed, Shafqat, Sajjad, Asif, and Ahmad, Faheem

Subjects
*SYRPHIDAE, *GREENBUG, *APHIDOPHAGOUS insects, *ARTHROPODA, *PREDATION, *LARVAE, *FOOD, *INSECT development, *EFFECT of temperature on insects, *BIOLOGICAL control of aphids
Abstract

Syrphid flies, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) and Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer), are among the most common aphidophagous species in wheat growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Exploit predatory species efficiently in any biological control program requires an in-depth understanding of predator and prey interactions. The present study was conducted aiming to explore and compare the predatory potential of these predatory species against the wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) along with their relative fitness at different temperatures in terms of duration of lifecycle stages under laboratory conditions. The shortest egg and pupal durations were observed at 33 °C, followed by 27 and 23 °C. Females of both species had longer life span (20.4 and 22.4 days) compared to the respective males (17.2 and 16.2 days). The pupal stage for I. scutellaris was significantly shorter than for E. balteatus at different temperatures; but statistically insignificant differences were found for any other life stage. The larvae of I. scutellaris consumed significantly more aphids (438.16) than E. balteatus (398.37) during their larval life span, and this difference was significant during the 1st and 3rd instars. However, the average daily prey intake of both species was found similar until the 10th day after hatching, and thereafter, I. scutellaris consumed significantly higher numbers of aphids/day. Obtained results may offer a baseline data for future conservation studies on biological control of aphids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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14. Interaction between Aphis craccivora Koch and its Predators, Coccinella transversalis Fabricius (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) and Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera:Syrphidae)

Author

Sarma, K. K., Dutta, S. K., Borah, B. K., Sarma, K. K., Dutta, S. K., and Borah, B. K.

Abstract

The interaction of Coccinella transversalis Fabricius and lschiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) with the aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch was studied on green gram by estimating the prey and predator populations at weekly interval. Populations of both the predators had positive correlation with the aphid, attaining population peak simultaneously with their prey. The population decline of the prey was followed by their predators.

Published
2014

15. Feeding Potential of Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera: syrphidae) on Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Author

Sharanabasappa, Kulkarni, K. A., Mallapur, C. P., Gundannavar, K. P., Kambrekar, D. N., Sharanabasappa, Kulkarni, K. A., Mallapur, C. P., Gundannavar, K. P., and Kambrekar, D. N.

Abstract

Studies carried out on the feeding potential of Ischiodon scutellaris on green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, revealed that the third instar larvae consumed more aphids as compared to first and second instar. The total number of aphids consumed during November was 581 as compared to 497 aphids during January.

Published
2014

16. Biology and Predatory Potential of Aphidophagous Syrphids on Guava Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Author

Murali Baskaran, R. K., Sasikumar, S., Rajavel, D. S., Suresh, K., Murali Baskaran, R. K., Sasikumar, S., Rajavel, D. S., and Suresh, K.

Abstract

The biology of four species of aphidophagous syrphids, namely, Paragus serratus (F.), Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer), Ischiodon scutellaris (F.) and Dideopsis aegrota (F.) was studied on guava aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, during 2007-08 and all the four species successfully completed their life cycle on A. gossypii. P. serratus had the shortest life cycle on A. gossypii with a total developmental period of 20.7 ± 1.36 days, followed by E. balteatus (21.5 ± 1.17 days), I. scutellaris (21.8 ± 0.91 days) and D. aegrota (26.3 ± 1.08 days). The total larval period of P. serratus, I. scutellaris, E. balteatus and D. aegrota averaged 9.8 ± 0.82, 10.6 ± 0.43, 10.0 ± 0.56 and 11.2 ± 0.64 days, respectively. The pupal period, fecundity and longevity of the syrphids on A. gossypii were recorded. In order to complete the larval period, each larva of P. serratus, I. scutellaris, E. balteatus and D. aegrota required a total of 333.7 ± 59.12, 380.7 ± 75.85, 410.8 ± 87.60 and 472.5 ± 56.89 numbers of A. gossypii, respectively.

Published
2009

17. Ischiodon scutellaris

Author

O. H. Swezey

Subjects
Insecta, Arthropoda, Diptera, Animalia, Ischiodon scutellaris, Biodiversity, Syrphidae, Taxonomy, Ischiodon
Abstract

3. lschiodon scutellaris (Fabricius). Scaeva scutellaris Fabricius, Systema Antliat., 252, 1805. Xanthogramma grandicornis (Macquart), Grimshaw, Fauna Hawaiiensis 3: 19, 1901. Ischiodon scutellaris, Bezzi, Diptera of the Fiji Islands, 72, 1928. Mt. Alifan, June 27, Swezey; Piti, Aug. 24, Sept. 15, Swezey; common, the larvae feeding on Aphis maidis on corn. Three specimens in Bishop Museum, Fullaway., Published as part of O. H. Swezey, 1946, SOME MISCELLANEOUS DIPTERA OF GUAM, pp. 195-200 in Insects of Guam-II, Hawaii, Honolulu :Bernice P. Bishop Museum on page 195, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5127686

Published
1946
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