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Bergmann glia (BG) are important in the inward type of radial migration of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). However, details regarding the functions of Cdc42 and Rac in BG for radial migration of CGN are unknown. To examine the roles of Cdc42 and Rac in BG during cerebellar corticogenesis, mice with a single deletion of Cdc42 or Rac1 and those with double deletions of Cdc42 and Rac1 under control of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter: GFAP-Cre;Cdc42flox/flox (Cdc42-KO), GFAP–Cre;Rac1flox/flox (Rac1-KO), and GFAP-Cre; Cdc42 flox/flox;Rac1flox/flox (Cdc42/Rac1-DKO) mice, were generated. Both Cdc42-KO and Rac1-KO mice, but more obviously Cdc42-KO mice, had disturbed alignment of BG in the Purkinje cell layer (PCL). We found that Cdc42-KO, but not Rac1-KO, induced impaired radial migration of CGNs in the late phase of radial migration, leading to retention of CGNs in the lower half of the molecular layer (ML). Cdc42-KO, but not Rac1-KO, mice also showed aberrantly aligned Purkinje cells (PCs). These phenotypes were exacerbated in Cdc42/Rac1-DKO mice. Alignment of BG radial fibers in the ML and BG endfeet at the pial surface of the cerebellum evaluated by GFAP staining was disturbed and weak in Cdc42/Rac1-DKO mice, respectively. Our data indicate that Cdc42 and Rac, but predominantly Cdc42, in BG play important roles during the late phase of radial migration of CGNs. We also report here that Cdc42 is involved in gliophilic migration of CGNs, in contrast to Rac, which is more closely connected to regulating neurophilic migration.

We studied the effect of Argon (Ar) ion irradiation on Fe-Al2O3 nanogranular thin film. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the ion dose might promote the growth of the Fe2O3 phase from an amorphous phase to a crystalline phase. The magnetic and magnetoresistance properties were investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and a four point probe (FPP). The results suggest that percolation concentration occurred at the 0.55 Fe volume fraction and with a maximum magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of 3%. The present MR ratio was lower than that of previous results, which might be related to the existence of the α-Fe2O3 phase promoted by Ar ion irradiation. CEMS spectra show ion irradiation induces changes from superparamagnetic characteristics to ferromagnetic ones, which indicates the spherical growth of Fe particles in the Al2O3 matrix.

In this study, we fabricated strain-relaxed Si 0.58 Ge 0.42 thin films on Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for heterojunction solar cell applications. A combined set of stepwise Si 1− x Ge x buffer layers and a Si 0.51 Ge 0.49 strain-inverted layer, in conjunction with rapid thermal annealing (RTA), were employed to confine the dislocations within the buffer layers. Structural characterization of the samples revealed a low dislocation density of less than 10 5 cm −2 and a relatively smooth surface (0.903 nm in root mean square roughness). The results of solar cell characterization showed both an extended absorption edge (1200 nm) and improved diode characteristics. For these cells, the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and efficiency were 8.25 mA cm −2 , 233 mV, 0.509, and 0.98%, respectively.

Aluminium oxides doped with 1% 57Fe were prepared by sol-gel method, and annealed for 3 hours at various temperatures between 550°C and 1100°C. Amorphous phases were obtained below 1000°C, and crystalline α–Al2O3 was formed at 1100°C. Although Al2O3 itself shows diamagnetism, the light doping of Fe ions into aluminium oxide induced a very weak ferromagnetism, but the ferromagnetism disappeared by longer annealing. Mossbauer spectra were composed of paramagnetic Fe2 + and Fe3 + species for samples heated below 750°C, and of paramagnetic Fe3 + above 850°C, in addition to a magnetic sextet and relaxation peaks of Fe3 + . The magnetic and quadrupole interactions of the sextet and the relaxation peaks and the density functional calculations suggest that the lightly doped Fe3 + ions are substituted at Al sites in the Al2O3 lattice.

“eポートフォリオによる自己教育力育成”が文部科学省平成20年度「質の高い大学教育推進プログラム」に選定され、“だんだんeポートフォリオ”システムを開発し、報告してきた。今回は、入学から2年間活用してきた学生93名を対象に「プロフィール」「学びの蓄積」「課題提出」「参考資料」の機能について評価した。その結果、活用した者はそうでない者よりシステムに対する評価は高かった。このことより、システムに慣れていくことや活用の動機づけが重要と考えられた。また、新たに「看護基本技術自己評価」の機能を追加し、“だんだんeポートフォリオ”システムが一定の完成を得たので紹介する。

We have grown high purity single crystals of Ce 2 CoIn 8 using the self-flux technique, and have investigated its transport, thermal, and magnetic properties, including the anisotropic features. Single crystals of Ce 2 CoIn 8 were grown in the lower temperature region to avoid the formation of un-wanted phases such as CeCoIn 5 and CeIn 3 impurities. The results of the structural and physical measurements imply that the present single crystals have high purity. The electrical resistivity and specific heat measurements demonstrate that Ce 2 CoIn 8 has a superconducting ground state with a distinct non-Fermi liquid character. This indicates that the superconductivity in Ce 2 CoIn 8 arises out of the verge of the underlying quantum critical instability mediated by the antiferromagnetic correlations. Additionally, we investigate the crystalline electric field (CEF) energy scheme based on the temperature dependence of the specific heat and the anisotropic features in the susceptibility. We propose one of the CEF level schemes calculated on the basis of the CEF model that the first and second CEF states are located at Δ 1 = 82 K and Δ 2 = 102 K above the ground state doublet, respectively.

『地域を基盤とする看護教育への変革』が平成19年度文部科学省「現代的教育ニーズ取組支援プログラム」に選定され、グループ支援ネットワークとして、島根県下の自主グループと学内に設置した地域連携ステーションとの情報ネットワークの構築に取り組んだ。インターネットを活用することで会員や一般への情報発信や情報交換に有効だった。しかし、ホームページへの入力操作に困難性を認めるなど支援も必要としていた。これらの課題解決を図りながらメリット・デメリットを考慮したインターネットの活用は、今後、自主グループの機能強化に有効な手段となることが期待される。

“eポートフォリオによる自己教育力の育成 : モバイル端末を活用した参画型看護基礎教育で培うキャリア形成”が文部科学省平成20年度「質の高い大学教育推進プログラム」に選定され、キャンパス館内に無線ローカルエリアネットワーク（LAN）環境を構築した。それにより、平成21年4月から、従来の設置型パソコンを用いた有線LANに加え、モバイルパソコンを用いた無線LANの活用が可能となった。今回は、島根県立大学短期大学部・出雲キャンパスにおいて構築した無線LANの概要とその環境下における看護基礎教育における活用について紹介する。

大学における健全な室内環境の確保を目的として、講義室利用時の空気中の二酸化炭素濃度を測定し、対策を検討した。在室人数が80人の講義中に、空調換気扇を作動させた状態で測定した結果、45分後に二酸化炭素濃度は1、100ppmとなり基準値（1、000ppm）を超え、換気不十分であった。対策として、非空調時の講義中は、必ず換気扇を作動させ、空気の取り入れ口として、少しだけ窓やドアを開けておく。冷暖房時には換気扇を空調換気方式に切替え、休憩時間や昼休みには、積極的に窓とドアを開け自然換気を行う。恒久的には、機械換気の能力を高める対策や講義室内の空気を対流させるなど、総合的な空気環境設計が必要である。

“eポートフォリオによる自己教育力育成”が文部科学省平成20年度「質の高い大学教育推進プログラム」に選定された。eポートフォリオとは、パソコンを使い学習の記録や写真等、広範囲にわたる情報を電子的に取り込んだり、保管したポートフォリオで、webベースの情報管理ツール・統合データベースである。今回開発した“だんだんeポートフォリオンステム”は、主に16の機能があり、「プロフィール」「学びの蓄積」「課題提出」「その他」に分類される。この機能を、学生や教員の固有情報を基に利用者個々に対応した登録や参照ができるシステムである。この取組みを展開することで、様々な効果が期待される。

Interior wall has some small opening for ducts, switch boxes and sockets. Static loading tests were conducted to determine the influences of small opening upon the seismic performance of shearing wall. The shear wall consists of a gypsum-based material; glass fiber reinforced gypsum board (GRG). GRG board comprises a gypsum core that contains glass fibers, embedded and reinforced with non-woven glass fibers on surfaces thereof. The seismic performance of the interior wall with small opening was decreased about 90% compared with the wall with no opening. Possible proposals were made based on the results of static tests in a process of design and installation.

This paper attempts to clear large deformation behaviors of two story wooden frame houses and to predict large deformation behaviors of two story wooden frame houses from the summation of static performances of two story wooden frame walls that compose those houses. 4 types of wooden frame houses and walls are tested. The comparison of the results between two story wooden frame houses and the summation walls indicates, 1) until 1/30-1/25rad. deformation of 1st story, the summation of walls can predict structural performances of two story wooden frame houses without the influence of joint type of the column or the existences of boards, 2) after 1/25rad. deformation of 1st story, the structural performance of the summation of walls become different from that ones because failure modes of brace in walls is different from those of houses.

This paper attempts to predict analytically large deformation static behaviors of two story wooden frame walls from the static performances of members and joints which compose wooden frame houses and walls. Wooden frame walls in this study have fragile joints which need to consider repeated contact problems, therefore extended distinct element method (EDEM) are applied which can consider these problems.110 joint specimens are tested. They are pressed in axial side, bent inside and outside. From the results of these tests and the past researches, the two story wooden frame walls are modeled. Especially, because of the brace failure modes of pressing side, four kinds of models are proposed for each wooden frame wall. The comparison of the results between EDEM analyses and tests indicates, 1) in the range of assumed brace failure mode, proposed models can predict test results, 2) by considering brace models in detail, proposed models can reproduce test results precisely.

看護学科2年次生80名と専攻科 : 地域看護学専攻30名の学生の携帯電話に対するイメージや利用状況を明らかにするとともに、看護学科2年次生の講義に携帯電話を活用した参画支援ソフトウェア“ECILS”を活用し、評価した。その結果、学生全員が携帯電話を持っており、便利に活用していると思われるが、養成課程の違いにより不安の内容等に違いが見られた。また、 “ECILS”を活用した評価は、 ラベル新聞の評価が最も高かった。今後も、 “ECILS"をより使いやく改善するとともに、学生に利点や活用方法を伝えることが必要である。また、学生・教員ともに自己教育力が培われることが推祭された。

看護教育において、株式会社エネックスが開発した携帯電話を利用した参画支援ソフトウェア“ECILS”を活用するシステムを試案した。 “ECILS”の機能は①リアルタイムアンケート集計、②メッセージコミュニケーション、③出席管理、④簡易理解度測定（小テスト）、⑤課題提出、⑥連絡網、⑦メッセージ検索である。“ECILS"をうまく活用することで、学生の学習意欲の向上が期待でき、参画力が身に付くことが推察される。携帯電話による利便性から情報管理や情報活用の広がりがあり、教員の授業支援と教育力向上に寄与するシステムでもある。

We investigated the structural properties of 2-μm thick Si 0.58 Ge 0.42 thin films grown on a combined set of Si 1− x Ge x stepwise buffer layers and a Si 0.51 Ge 0.49 strain-inverted layer on Si substrates. Raman spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering measurements showed smaller residual strain and superior crystalline lattice ordering compared to a sample without any buffer layer. Furthermore, a Si 0.58 Ge 0.42 thin film with a low dislocation density of less than 10 5 cm −2 and a smooth surface roughness of 0.903 nm can be achieved by using a combined set of Si 1− x Ge x stepwise buffer layers and a Si 0.51 Ge 0.49 strain-inverted layer, because most dislocations can be confined within each Si 1− x Ge x buffer layer.

This paper presents the results of a static lateral loading test performed on a traditional timber farmhouse in Japan. The aim of this research is to clarify the horizontal load carrying capacity and the failure mode of this type of house by full-scale experiment. The house is situated in Yamaguchi prefecture, which is in the southwestern part of Japan, and was built in the late 18th century. The experiment was performed by placing static loading equipment within the house, and placing two reaction supporting systems outside the house. A lateral cyclic loading test was carried out and the maximum lateral load and the failure mode were determined. Static analysis using a theoretical mud wall model was also performed. The results of this analysis are discussed in comparison with those of the experiment.

島根県立看護短期大学においては、平成10年より遠隔教育に取り組み、運用方法などを確立してきた。今回は、今まで課題であった映像や音声を解決するため、新たな設備投資をすることなく本学内の中継システムを変更し、遠隔講義を実施した。その結果、講師の表情、音声、動作、及び臨場感について従来の結果と比較して良い結果を得た。また、短期大学と専門学校の情報メディア教育やインターネットの利用頻度に差があったが、今回参加した遠隔看護教育の評価に対象個々の情報に関する知識は関係していなかった。遠隔看護教育の発展性は「ある」と半数は答えており、看護学生の将来を考えても情報メディア教育の重要性は明かである。

Amorphous, as-deposited Nd–Fe–B films prepared by RF-sputtering were annealed by irradiating pulsed KrF excimer laser (248 nm). A pulse of 20 ns in width and 4 kJ/m2 in power density was irradiated onto a 2 µm-thick as-deposited film kept at 400°C. It is observed that, by a single shot of the pulse, Nd2Fe14B Φ phase crystallized with prominent texturing of c-axis along the film normal. Annealed films showed excellent magnetic characteristics; Ms=0.978 T, Mr=0.906 T, iHc=1272 kA/m, and (BH)MAX=161 kJ/m3. This process is also found to be successfully applicable to a 20 µm-thick film. Using 2 µm-thick as-deposited film kept at 400°C, micro-magnet patterns of 100 µm in width and 1–2 mm in length were fabricated by irradiating a 20-ns pulse shot through a patterned mask. The patterned area revealed that magnetizations are directed along the film normal with coercivity higher than 1200 kA/m.

We present experimental results on the magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and Hall coefficient for the normal state of Ce2CoIn8 in the temperature range 2?300 K. These results confirmed the heavy-fermion behaviour of Ce2CoIn8. The resistivity shows a linear temperature dependence in the low-temperature range, which develops remarkably with increasing pressure. This suggests that Ce2CoIn8 is near the quantum critical point.

It has been postulated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may act as second messengers leading to nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. This hypothesis is mainly based on the findings that N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), compounds recognized as potential antioxidants, can inhibit NF-kappaB activation in a wide variety of cell types. Here we reveal that both NAC and PDTC inhibit NF-kappaB activation independently of antioxidative function. NAC selectively blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced signaling by lowering the affinity of receptor to TNF. PDTC inhibits the IkappaB-ubiquitin ligase activity in the cell-free system where extracellular stimuli-regulated ROS production does not occur. Furthermore, we present evidence that endogenous ROS produced through Rac/NADPH oxidase do not mediate NF-kappaB signaling, but instead lower the magnitude of its activation.

La 1− x Sr x MnO 3 thin films with x =0.1, 0.33 and 0.6 were prepared on amorphous quartz substrate by metal-organic decomposition. X-ray diffraction spectra showed that the films were polycrystalline oriented mainly to the (1 0 1) direction. Atomic force microscope measurement indicated that the average grain size of the films were 200 nm with a root-mean-square roughness approximately 8.2 nm. SQUID measurement from 5 to 360 K revealed that the magnetization in La 1− x Sr x MnO 3 thin films decreased with increasing temperature for x equal to or less than 0.33. For La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 samples, a good field linearity and reversibility of magnetoresistance (MR) were observed at 300 K and a low magnetic field MR was found at 77 K.

The crystallization of the amorphous phase into the tetragonal Nd2Fe14 B( F) phase and the corresponding changes in magnetic properties have been examined by step annealing experiment using a 2 mm thick NdFeB film sample. Microstructural and magnetic analysis indicate that the film was magnetically soft as deposited with the coercivity Hci B/16 kA m 1 and the remnant magnetization 4pMr B/0.02 T. Annealing at a temperature of 550 8C, a coercivity value around 784 kA m 1 was developed and diffraction analysis showed evidence of F phase 002l peaks being aligned perpendicular to the film plane. At an optimum annealing temperature of 575 8C, the remnant magnetization of this anisotropic thin film is around 0.60 T with intrinsic coercivity of � /1340 kA m 1 . Annealing the film sample at 200 8C5/Tann 5/750 8C showed variations in magnetic properties that were mostly due to the change in the perpendicular anisotropy. Based on 4pMs values plotted against Tann, a dip in 4pMs values was observed as Tann increased in the soft-to-hard magnetic characteristics transition region and rose as the hard crystalline phase started to form. The results show that the magnetic properties of the NdFeB film were slightly influenced by the presence of NdO, film surface roughening and the small increase in crystal size as a consequence of repeated heat treatment. At Tann � /300 8C, the nominal saturation magnetization indicated a certain degree of weak perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the film sample considered to be essential in the enhancement of coercivity in crystallized films. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

NdFeB thin films possessing high coercivity and perpendicular anisotropy were prepared with high reproducibility by means of RF sputtering deposition on Mo substrates with subsequent annealing treatment. The use of glass thermal insulation between the substrates and substrate holder during deposition made it possible to produce films with improved magnetic properties. The development of the magnetic properties were then found to have some dependence on the thickness of glass insulation making such films a realization of thin film permanent magnets with magnetic field strength comparable to bulk processed magnets. The magnetic properties dependence on the thickness (t) of glass insulation has revealed the following data: Film prepared without insulation produced a randomly oriented film with coercivity (iHc) around 480 kA/m, remanence value (Mr) around 0.67 T, MrMs=0.48 and (BH) max around 73 kJ/m3. While on the other hand, the films on substrates with insulation thickness of t=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.3 mm, magnetic properties of 4πMr= 0.67-0.93 T, iHc=1082-1290 kA/m, Mr/Ms=0.52-0.96 and a (BH) max=80-167 kJ/m3, were found.

Recently, K.Ch.Chatzisavvas et al. have proposed the one- and two-qubit device by means of Josephson junction. In this work, we extend their work to realize the three-qubit device, and construct explicitly the CCNOT gate of the three-qubit device.

The pressure effects on the electrical resistivity and the Hall effect have been measured for YbAl3 and LuAl3. LuAl3 is a normal metal and has negative pressure coefficient of resistivity -5X10(-3) kbar(-1) at room temperature, which is explained by a phonon stiffening effect. In the mixed-valence compound YbAl3, the magnetic contribution to the resistivity is increased by pressure. The Gruneisen parameter of the Kondo temperature Omega (K) = -partial derivative In T-K/partial derivative In V is estimated -7 for YbAl3 from the coefficient of the quadratic temperature dependence of the resistivity at low temperatures. The decrease of T-K with pressure indicates that the density of conduction electron states at the Fermi energy and/or the exchange of 4f and conduction electrons are suppressed by pressure in YbAl3. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

We have measured the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect in LuAl3 at temperatures between 1.3 K and 4.2 K in magnetic fields up to 13 T. Observed frequencies range from 400 T to 23 kT. The highest one corresponds to a cyclotron orbit with an area equal to a square face of the Brillouin zone. The angular dependence of the frequencies suggests that the Fermi surfaces are composed of a nearly spherical closed sheet and multiple connected open sheet. The observed cyclotron effective masses for the closed Fermi surface are about 0.7 and those for open Fermi surface range from 0.3 to 1 in units of the free electron mass. A band structure calculation was carried out by a full potential linearized APW method. The gross feature of the observed results was explained by the calculation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol (A) and 2-C-methyl-L-threitol (B) were respectively synthesized from D-glucose and D-galactose. The 2-C-methyl-1,2,3,4-butanetetrol compound (C) recently isolated from Phlox sublata L was confirmed to be A by comparing the CD and 1H-NMR spectra of its tri-O-benzoate with those of A and B.

We have investigated Ar ion irradiation effects on the physical properties of Au/Fe multilayers (MLs). The Au/Fe MLs prepared in the different batches under the same condition show different physical properties, which have been observed by conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS). The 400 keV Ar ion irradiation at the dose of 3×10 13 –2.56×10 16 ions/cm 2 induces a change of the magnetic and structural properties of the Au/Fe MLs, depending on the as-deposited state and the ion dose. The ion irradiation is an important means of post-treatment of metallic multilayers.

The structural and magnetic properties of Fe–Al2O3 films, which have been prepared by implantation of 100 keV 56Fe and/or 57Fe ions into single crystals of α-Al2O3 to a dose of 1 × 1017 ions/cm2, have been investigated by conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy at room temperature (RT). The magnetoresistance (MR) is also measured by a two-terminal method at RT and the MR ratios are obtained from 7% to 8.5%, which are about two times larger than the MR ratios of films prepared by sputtering. The MR ratio increases on annealing. Magnetization curves measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer show the nonhysteresis and unsaturation, namely the superparamagnetic nature. We have prepared granular Fe–Al2O3 films having the high MR ratio have been prepared for the first time by Fe ion implantation technique.

Detailed magnetization measurements under pressure have been performed on tetragonal heavy-fermion antiferromagnet Ce2RhIn8 single crystals. From the results of field and temperature dependences of the magnetic transitions, we construct the magnetic field–temperature phase diagrams of Ce2RhIn8 at several pressures up to 6 kbar, in magnetic fields up to 55 kOe between 1.8 and 3 K. The antiferromagnetic long-range order of Ce2RhIn8 is suppressed by pressure.