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1. Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios of Food and Beverage in Brazil

Author

Luiz A. Martinelli, Gabriela B. Nardoto, Maria A. Z. Perez, Geraldo Arruda Junior, Fabiana C. Fracassi, Juliana G. G. Oliveira, Isadora S. Ottani, Sarah H. Lima, Edmar A. Mazzi, Taciana F. Gomes, Amin Soltangheisi, Adibe L. Abdalla Filho, Eduardo Mariano, Fabio J. V. Costa, Paulo J. Duarte-Neto, Marcelo Z. Moreira, and Plinio B. Camargo

Subjects
processed foods, staple foods, photosynthesis metabolism, isotopes, brazil, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Several previous studies on targeted food items using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in Brazil have revealed that many of the items investigated are adulterated; mislabeled or even fraud. Here, we present the first Brazilian isotopic baseline assessment that can be used not only in future forensic cases involving food authenticity, but also in human forensic anthropology studies. The δ13C and δ15N were determined in 1245 food items and 374 beverages; most of them made in Brazil. The average δ13C and δ15N of C3 plants were −26.7 ± 1.5‱, and 3.9 ± 3.9‱, respectively, while the average δ13C and δ15N of C4 plants were −11.5 ± 0.8‱ and 4.6 ± 2.6‱, respectively. The δ13C and δ15N of plant-based processed foods were −21.8 ± 4.8‱ and 3.9 ± 2.7‱, respectively. The average δ13C and δ15N of meat, including beef, poultry, pork and lamb were -16.6 ± 4.7‱, and 5.2 ± 2.6‱, respectively, while the δ13C and δ15N of animal-based processed foods were −17.9 ± 3.3‱ and 3.3 ± 3.5‱, respectively. The average δ13C of beverages, including beer and wine was −22.5 ± 3.1‱. We verified that C-C4 constitutes a large proportion of fresh meat, dairy products, as well as animal and plant-based processed foods. The reasons behind this high proportion will be addressed in this study.

Published
2020
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2. Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios of Food and Beverage in Brazil

Author

Geraldo Júnior, Luiz Antonio Martinelli, Sarah H. Lima, Gabriela Bielefeld Nardoto, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Eduardo Mariano, Paulo José Duarte-Neto, Juliana Graciela Giovannini Oliveira, Isadora S. Ottani, Fabiana Fracassi, Amin Soltangheisi, Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho, Maria A.Z. Perez, Marcelo Zacharias Moreira, Taciana F. Gomes, Fábio José Viana Costa, and E. A. Mazzi

Subjects
staple foods, photosynthesis metabolism, processed foods, Pharmaceutical Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Wine, macromolecular substances, behavioral disciplines and activities, 01 natural sciences, Article, Poultry, Analytical Chemistry, Beverages, lcsh:QD241-441, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Drug Discovery, Animals, Food science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, isotopes, Carbon Isotopes, Sheep, δ13C, Nitrogen Isotopes, Stable isotope ratio, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, δ15N, 040401 food science, Isotopes of nitrogen, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, brazil, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Food processing, Molecular Medicine, Environmental science, Cattle, Dairy Products, business, Carbon
Abstract

Several previous studies on targeted food items using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in Brazil have revealed that many of the items investigated are adulterated, mislabeled or even fraud. Here, we present the first Brazilian isotopic baseline assessment that can be used not only in future forensic cases involving food authenticity, but also in human forensic anthropology studies. The &delta, 13C and &delta, 15N were determined in 1245 food items and 374 beverages, most of them made in Brazil. The average &delta, 15N of C3 plants were &minus, 26.7 &plusmn, 1.5&permil, and 3.9 &plusmn, 3.9&permil, respectively, while the average &delta, 15N of C4 plants were &minus, 11.5 &plusmn, 0.8&permil, and 4.6 &plusmn, 2.6&permil, respectively. The &delta, 15N of plant-based processed foods were &minus, 21.8 &plusmn, 4.8&permil, 2.7&permil, respectively. The average &delta, 15N of meat, including beef, poultry, pork and lamb were -16.6 &plusmn, 4.7&permil, and 5.2 &plusmn, respectively, while the &delta, 15N of animal-based processed foods were &minus, 17.9 &plusmn, 3.3&permil, and 3.3 &plusmn, 3.5&permil, 13C of beverages, including beer and wine was &minus, 22.5 &plusmn, 3.1&permil, We verified that C-C4 constitutes a large proportion of fresh meat, dairy products, as well as animal and plant-based processed foods. The reasons behind this high proportion will be addressed in this study.

Published
2020

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