179 results on '"Isabelle Sioen"'
Search Results
2. Early-life exposure to multiple persistent organic pollutants and metals and birth weight: Pooled analysis in four Flemish birth cohorts
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Eva Govarts, Lützen Portengen, Nathalie Lambrechts, Liesbeth Bruckers, Elly Den Hond, Adrian Covaci, Vera Nelen, Tim S Nawrot, Ilse Loots, Isabelle Sioen, Willy Baeyens, Bert Morrens, Greet Schoeters, and Roel Vermeulen
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Organochlorine compounds ,Multipollutant models ,Birth weight ,Pooled analysis ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Background and aims: Prenatal chemical exposure has frequently been associated with reduced fetal growth although results have been inconsistent. Most studies associate single pollutant exposure to this health outcome, even though this does not reflect real life situations as humans are exposed to many pollutants during their life time. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent environmental chemicals and birth weight using multipollutant models. Methods: We combined exposure biomarker data measured in cord blood samples of 1579 women from four Flemish birth cohorts collected over a 10 years’ time period. The common set of available and detectable exposure measures in these cohorts are three polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners (138, 153 and 180), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p’-DDE) and the metals cadmium and lead. Multiple linear regression (MLR), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), penalized regression using minimax concave penalty (MCP) and Bayesian Adaptive Sampling (BAS) were applied to assess the influence of multiple pollutants in a single analysis on birth weight, adjusted for a priori selected covariates. Results: In the pooled dataset, a median (P25-P75) birth weight and gestational age of 3420 (3140–3700) grams and 39 (39–40) weeks was observed respectively. The median contaminant levels in cord blood were: 15.8, 26.5, 18.0, 16.9 and 91.5 ng/g lipid for PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180, HCB and p,p’-DDE, respectively, 0.075 µg/L for cadmium and 9.7 µg/L for lead. According to the applied statistical methods for multipollutant assessment, p,p’-DDE and PCB 180 were most consistently associated with birth weight. In addition, PCB 153 was selected when applying MCP and BAS. An inverse association with birth weight was found for the PCB congeners, while an increased birth weight was observed for elevated levels of p,p’-DDE. Conclusions: Assessing the health risk of combinations of exposure biomarkers reflects better real-world situations and thereby allows more effective risk assessment. Our results add to the existing evidence based on detrimental effects of PCBs on birth weight and indicate a possible increase in birth weight due to p,p’-DDE (while correcting for PCBs).
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- 2020
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3. Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and behavioural problems at age 7–8 years
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Isabelle Sioen, Elly Den Hond, Vera Nelen, Els Van de Mieroop, Kim Croes, Nik Van Larebeke, Tim S. Nawrot, and Greet Schoeters
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Animal studies showed that the developing brain is particularly sensitive to chemical exposure. Human studies carried out in areas with high exposures have proven neurodevelopmental disorders in relation to e.g. lead and PCBs. Whether these chemicals are associated with behavioural problems in childhood at current environmental levels is not well known. Therefore, we assessed the association between prenatal exposure to lead, cadmium, PCBs, dioxin-like compounds, HCB and p,p′-DDE and behavioural problems in 7–8 year old children. Prenatal exposure data were obtained from the Flemish mother–new-born cohort. Lead, cadmium, PCBs, dioxin-like compounds, HCB and p,p′-DDE were analysed in cord blood. When the child reached 7–8 years, 270 mothers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire assessing their children's behavioural health. We found that doubling the prenatal lead exposure (cord blood lead levels) was associated with a 3.43 times higher risk for hyperactivity in both boys and girls. In addition, total difficulties were 5.08 times more likely in the highest tertile for prenatal lead exposure compared to the lowest tertile. In girls, total difficulties were 4.92 more likely when doubling cord blood p,p′-DDE, whereas no significant association was found in boys. Further, we noted in boys a 1.53 times higher risk for emotional problems when doubling cord blood cadmium, whereas no significant association was found in girls. These results indicate that the presence of environmental contaminants influences the mental health of the next generation. Keywords: Child behaviour, Dioxin-like compounds, HCB, Heavy metals, PCB, p,p′-DDE
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- 2013
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4. Exposure to arsenic in relation with DNA damage in adolescents of the 3rd Flemish environment and health study (2012-2014)
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Carmen Franken, Liesbeth Bruckers, Ilse Loots, Vera Nelen, Isabelle Sioen, Tim Nawrot, Kim Croes, Michel Stalpaert, and Greet Schoeters
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DNA Damage ,Oxidative Stress ,biomonitoring ,arsenic metabolites ,Low level exposure ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a compound naturally present in the environment. Recent studies have shown detectable levels of As in rice, rice food products, and apple juice. As is a well known carcinogen and is related to multiple health effects, for example dermal and kidney toxicity. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that As exposure is also a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the exposure to As in a sample of 408 adolescents that were recruited from the general population in Flanders as part of the third Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS3). We tested whether the current levels of As exposure were associated with oxidative stress biomarkers or biomarkers for DNA damage. In this study, the individual exposure to As was estimated by measuring total As in whole blood and different toxic As metabolites in urine: As III, As V, mono-methylarsonous acid (MMA), dimethylarsinous acid (DMA), and the non-toxic, organic compound arsenobetaine. The sum of the toxic compounds was defined as toxic relevant As (TRA). DNA damage was measured using the alkaline comet assay and the micronucleus test in whole blood samples, and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, Gentaur) quantifying 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the change of effect for an increase of the exposure from P25 to P75 (P25-P75). All models were adjusted for gender, age, smoking status and statistically significant (p
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- 2015
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5. Expression of the sFLT1 gene in cord blood cells is associated to maternal arsenic exposure and decreased birth weight.
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Sylvie Remy, Eva Govarts, Liesbeth Bruckers, Melissa Paulussen, Britt Wens, Elly Den Hond, Vera Nelen, Willy Baeyens, Nicolas van Larebeke, Ilse Loots, Isabelle Sioen, and Greet Schoeters
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
There is increasing epidemiologic evidence that arsenic exposure in utero is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and may contribute to long-term health effects. These effects may occur at low environmental exposures but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. We collected cord blood samples of 183 newborns to identify associations between arsenic levels and birth anthropometric parameters in an area with very low arsenic exposure. Our core research aim was to screen for transcriptional marks that mechanistically explain these associations. Multiple regression analyses showed that birth weight decreased with 47 g (95% CI: 16-78 g) for an interquartile range increase of 0.99 μg/L arsenic. The model was adjusted for child's sex, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational age, and parity. Higher arsenic concentrations and reduced birth weight were positively associated with changes in expression of the sFLT1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) gene in cord blood cells in girls. The protein product of sFLT1 is a scavenger of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the extracellular environment and plays a key role in the inhibition of placental angiogenesis. In terms of fetal development, inhibition of placental angiogenesis leads to impaired nutrition and hence to growth retardation. Various genes related to DNA methylation and oxidative stress showed also changed expression in relation to arsenic exposure but were not related to birth outcome parameters. In conclusion, this study suggests that increased expression of sFLT1 is an intermediate marker that points to placental angiogenesis as a pathway linking prenatal arsenic exposure to reduced birth weight.
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- 2014
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6. Understanding the links among neuromedin U gene, beta2-adrenoceptor gene and bone health: an observational study in European children.
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Francesco Gianfagna, Daniela Cugino, Wolfgang Ahrens, Mark E S Bailey, Karin Bammann, Diana Herrmann, Anna C Koni, Yiannis Kourides, Staffan Marild, Dénes Molnár, Luis A Moreno, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Paola Russo, Alfonso Siani, Sabina Sieri, Isabelle Sioen, Toomas Veidebaum, Licia Iacoviello, and IDEFICS consortium
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Neuromedin U, encoded by the NMU gene, is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates both energy metabolism and bone mass. The beta-2 adrenergic receptor, encoded by the ADRB2 gene, mediates several effects of catecholamine hormones and neurotransmitters in bone. We investigated whether NMU single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes, as well as functional ADRB2 SNPs, are associated with bone stiffness in children from the IDEFICS cohort, also evaluating whether NMU and ADRB2 interact to affect this trait. A sample of 2,274 subjects (52.5% boys, age 6.2 ± 1.8 years) from eight European countries, having data on calcaneus bone stiffness index (SI, mean of both feet) and genotyping (NMU gene: rs6827359, rs12500837, rs9999653; ADRB2 gene: rs1042713, rs1042714), was studied. After false discovery rate adjustment, SI was significantly associated with all NMU SNPs. rs6827359 CC homozygotes showed the strongest association (recessive model, Δ= -1.8, p=0.006). Among the five retrieved haplotypes with frequencies higher than 1% (range 2.0-43.9%), the CCT haplotype (frequency=39.7%) was associated with lower SI values (dominant model, Δ= -1.0, p=0.04) as compared to the most prevalent haplotype. A non-significant decrease in SI was observed in in ADRB2 rs1042713 GG homozygotes, while subjects carrying SI-lowering genotypes at both SNPs (frequency = 8.4%) showed much lower SI than non-carriers (Δ= -3.9, p
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- 2013
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7. Intercorrelations between serum-, salivary- and hair-cortisol and child-reported estimates of stress in elementary school girls
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Barbara Vanaelst, Inge Huybrechts, Karin Bammann, Nathalie Michels, Tineke de Vriendt, Krishna Vyncke, Isabelle Sioen, Licia Iacoviello, Kathrin Gunther, Denes Molnar, Lauren Lissner, Noellie Rivet, Jean-Sebastien Raul, and Stefaan de Henauw
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cortisol ,child ,stress ,questionnaire ,biomatrices ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
To evaluate the impact of stress on children's well-being, it is important to have valid and reliable stress assessment methods. Nevertheless, selection of an appropriate method for a particular research question may not be straightforward, as there is currently no consensus on a reference method to measure stress in children. This paper examined to what extent childhood stress can be estimated accurately by commonly applied stress measures.Two hundred and seventy-two girls between 5 and 11 years old participated in this study as part of the ChiBS project. Child-reported estimates of stress were collected through the Coddington Life Events Scale (CLES). Serum, saliva and hair samples were collected for cortisol analyses. The intercorrelations of cortisol in the different biological samples were investigated by Spearman rank correlations and Bland-Altman plots. Next, CLES-scores, salivary and hair cortisol concentrations were compared triangularly with the true, but unknown childhood stress using the Triads method, based on pair-wise Spearman's correlation coefficients and the calculation of validity coefficients.Serum cortisol (free and total) was positively correlated with salivary morning and AUC cortisol. Hair cortisol correlated with salivary morning and AUC cortisol, but not with serum cortisol. In relation to recent childhood stress (0–3 months ago), the highest validity coefficients were observed for salivary cortisol measurements, while for periods more distant in the past hair cortisol measurements displayed the highest validity coefficients.This paper investigated the relationship between cortisol measurements in different biological samples, showing a lack of association and disagreement between measures of single-point, short-term cortisol versus long(er)-term cortisol. In addition, this paper examined to what extent childhood stress can be accurately estimated by stressor questionnaires and biological markers in girls. Salivary cortisol was shown to most accurately indicate true childhood stress for short periods in the past (i.e. last three months), whereas hair cortisol may be preferred above salivary measurements for periods more distant and thus for chronic stress assessment.
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- 2012
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8. Parent-reported BIS/BAS-scales for children
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Leentje Vervoort, Lien Goossens, Marie-Lotte Van Beveren, Nathalie Michels, Laura Vandeweghe, Caroline Braet, Sandra Verbeken, Elien De Caluwé, Annelies De Decker, Laura Wante, Isabelle Sioen, and Developmental Psychology
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Male ,Parents ,Personality Tests ,050103 clinical psychology ,OF-FIT INDEXES ,ACTIVATION SCALES ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,REINFORCEMENT SENSITIVITY THEORY ,Child Behavior ,050109 social psychology ,Reinforcement sensitivity theory ,Factor structure ,RISK-TAKING ,factor structure ,Developmental psychology ,Age and gender ,Age Distribution ,Belgium ,Personality ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Measurement invariance ,Behavioral inhibition ,Sex Distribution ,Child ,REWARD SENSITIVITY ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,PERSONALITY ,Group (mathematics) ,05 social sciences ,BEHAVIORAL-INHIBITION SYSTEM ,BIS ,Infant ,ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,measurement invariance ,Clinical Psychology ,PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES ,children and adolescents ,Child, Preschool ,BAS scales parent-report ,Female ,Psychology ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis ,CARVER - Abstract
The present study examined the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) scales parent-report in children and adolescents ( N = 1,444, 58% girls) across age (Group 1, 2-5 years; Group 2, 6-9 years; Group 3, 10-13 years; Group 4, 14-18 years old) and gender. The results consistently underscored a four-factor structure, resembling the original factor structure, with one BIS-factor and three BAS-factors. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed full measurement invariance across gender as well as across Group 1 and 2, and Group 2 and 3. Strong measurement invariance was found across Group 3 and 4, Group 1 and 3, and Group 2 and 4. Configural and metric invariance was found across Group 1 and 4. Hence, mean-level BIS/BAS scores can be compared across gender and age although comparison between preschool children (Group 1) and late secondary school children (Group 4) should be done with caution.
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- 2019
9. Caramel colour and process contaminants in foods and beverages: Part II – Occurrence data and exposure assessment of 2-acetyl-4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)imidazole (THI) and 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) in Belgium
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Isabelle Sioen, C. Vinkx, Guido Vanermen, Tine Fierens, M De Maeyer, M. Van Holderbeke, Griet Jacobs, and C. Cornelis
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Population ,Carbohydrates ,Occurrence data ,Coffee ,Analytical Chemistry ,Beverages ,Eating ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Belgium ,4-Methylimidazole ,Food science ,education ,Exposure assessment ,education.field_of_study ,Dietary intake ,Imidazoles ,Beer ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Ammonia caramel ,040401 food science ,chemistry ,Food ,Food products ,Food Analysis ,Food Science - Abstract
In Europe, 2-acetyl-4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)imidazole (THI) and 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) are – to a certain level – allowed to be present in the food colours ammonia caramel (E 150c) and sulphite ammonia caramel (E 150d). Besides their presence in food colours, exposure to these contaminants may also include other dietary sources. This study describes the occurrence of THI and 4-MEI in a wide variety of food products (n = 522) purchased from the Belgian market and their dietary intake in Belgian consumers from 15 years old onwards. THI was found to be present in 22.4% of the investigated foods at a level up to 551 µg/kg. For 4-MEI (57.7% quantifiable), concentrations up to 2,835 µg/kg were observed. The average dietary intake amounted to 0.02–0.36 µg kg−1 bw−1 day for THI and 0.4–3.7 µg kg−1 bw−1 day for 4-MEI. Coffee, cola and beer were contributing most to the dietary THI and 4-MEI intake in Belgium.
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- 2018
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10. Consumer response to health and environmental sustainability information regarding seafood consumption
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Silke Jacobs, Wim Verbeke, António Marques, and Isabelle Sioen
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0301 basic medicine ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Consumer response ,Health Status ,010501 environmental sciences ,Health benefits ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Belgium ,medicine ,Humans ,Marketing ,Consumer behaviour ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Consumption (economics) ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Sustainable seafood ,Portugal ,Public health ,Theory of planned behavior ,Consumer Behavior ,Attitude ,Seafood ,Sustainability ,Business - Abstract
Seafood consumption has an impact on both consumers' health and on the marine environment, making the integration of health and sustainability aspects in information and recommendation messages for consumers highly topical. This study presents the results of a consumer study in terms of the impact of exposure to a message about health and sustainability aspects of seafood on 986 participants from Belgium and Portugal. Possible drivers for behavioural change regarding seafood consumption frequency and sustainable seafood buying frequency are studied following exposure to the message. Initial behaviour emerges as the most important factor triggering a change in the intention to consume seafood twice per week and a change in the intention to buy sustainable seafood. A higher health benefit perception resulted in an increased intention to consume seafood twice per week. Attitude towards the message and the option to optimise consumers' choice of seafood species favouring sustainability were significant determinants of change in the intention to buy sustainable seafood. Different stakeholders may take the results of this communication strategy into account and, consequently, contribute to a seafood supply and related communication that supports public health and the marine environment.
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- 2018
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11. Children’s cortisol and externalizing stress symptoms are predictors of adiponectin evolution over two years
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Kirsten Schraven, Carola J. C. Van Aart, Annelies De Decker, Isabelle Sioen, Stefaan De Henauw, and Nathalie Michels
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Male ,Parents ,Hydrocortisone ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Anger ,Anxiety ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Belgium ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Adiponectin ,General Neuroscience ,Confounding ,Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire ,medicine.disease ,Sadness ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Child, Preschool ,Linear Models ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Metabolic syndrome ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing and energy-regulating adipocytokine. Consequently, the link between psychosocial stress and inflammatory diseases like the metabolic syndrome might be partially explained by lower adiponectin levels in stress. Nevertheless, the stress-adiponectin association has seldom been tested and no clarity exists about the directionality. Methods In the Belgian ChiBS study, serum adiponectin and stress levels were measured in 348 children (5–10y) at baseline and in 168 of them after 2-year follow-up. Psychosocial stress was reported with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parental report on emotional, peer, and conduct problems), negative emotions (anger, sadness, anxiety) and negative events. In addition, salivary cortisol diurnal patterns were available from 2 days with each 4 samples. Longitudinal linear regression analyses were performed including step-wise adjustment for age, sex, socio-economic status, body fat%, physical activity and snack frequency. Results Despite some positive cross-sectional associations, high daily cortisol output (beta = −0.285), anger (beta = −0.233) and conduct problems (beta = −0.182) were associated with less adiponectin increase over time, in most cases independent of the tested confounders. The other directionality was not significant: no longitudinal prediction of stress by adiponectin. Conclusion In healthy children, daily cortisol output and externalizing stress symptoms were negative predictors of adiponectin evolution. These findings highlight the health-compromising effects of psychosocial stress.
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- 2018
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12. BIS/BAS Scale in Primary School Children: Parent-Child Agreement and Longitudinal Stability
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Leentje Vervoort, Isabelle Sioen, Stefaan De Henauw, Annelies De Decker, Nathalie Michels, Sandra Verbeken, and Caroline Braet
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Reward responsiveness ,Age differences ,education ,05 social sciences ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Parent ratings ,Clinical Psychology ,Reward sensitivity ,Scale (social sciences) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Behavioral inhibition ,Big Five personality traits ,Risk taking ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The current study provided psychometric information on the parent and child version of the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)/Behavioural Approach System (BAS) scale. Parent-child agreement was evaluated (N = 217, 7.5 to 14 years, 50% boys). Moreover, absolute and rank order stability of mother-reported BIS/BAS scores over a 2-year period were assessed (N = 207, 5.5 to 11 years at baseline, 49% boys). Only full measurement invariant (sub-)scales were considered in the parent-child agreement and longitudinal stability assessment. Parent and child ratings were found to be measurement invariant but discrepant on BAS Drive and BAS Reward Responsiveness. In younger children, child ratings on BAS Drive tended to be higher than parent ratings, whereas in older children, child ratings tended to be lower than parent ratings. Further, the discrepancy between the BAS Drive ratings of fathers and children was higher than the discrepancy between the BAS Drive ratings of mothers and children. Finally, the study results suggested 2-year absolute and rank order stability of the measurement-invariant, mother-reported BIS and BAS Drive scores in children aged 5.5 to 11 years at baseline.
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- 2017
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13. Three cycles of human biomonitoring in Flanders − Time trends observed in the Flemish Environment and Health Study
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Dries Coertjens, Vera Nelen, Greet Schoeters, Adrian Covaci, Ann Colles, Nathalie Lambrechts, Ilse Loots, Eva Govarts, Annette Vriens, Sam De Craemer, Michelle Plusquin, Nicolas Van Larebeke, Willy Baeyens, Kim Croes, Elly Den Hond, Liesbeth Bruckers, Tim S. Nawrot, Bert Morrens, Isabelle Sioen, Stefaan De Henauw, Chemistry, Vriendenkring VUB, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, and Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences
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Male ,Physiology ,Urine ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Toxicology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phthalates ,Belgium ,Pyrenes/urine ,Biomonitoring ,Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Thallium ,Fluorocarbons ,phthalates ,education.field_of_study ,Pyrenes ,Chemistry ,Lead/blood ,Smoking ,Phthalate ,Time trends ,Middle Aged ,Human biomonitoring ,Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene ,Metals ,Smoking/blood ,Perfluorooctanoic acid ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Environmental Monitoring ,Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ,Adult ,Environmental Pollutants/blood ,Alcohol Drinking ,Adolescent ,Population ,metals ,Environmental Monitoring/statistics & numerical data ,Arsenic ,Alcohol Drinking/blood ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fluorocarbons/blood ,Humans ,Persistent organochlorine compounds ,Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/blood ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Infant, Newborn ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Benzene ,Hexachlorobenzene ,Arsenic/blood ,Thallium/blood ,Perfluorooctane ,Lead ,Human medicine - Abstract
To follow time trends in exposure to environmental chemicals, three successive campaigns of the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS) have recruited and sampled in total 5825 participants between 2002 and 2014. Cord samples from newborns, urine and blood samples from 14 to 15 years old adolescents and from adults between 50 and 65 years old were analysed in geographical representative samples of the Flemish population. The data of the different campaigns were considered per age group and per biomarker after adjustment for predefined covariates to take into account differences in characteristics of the study populations over time. Geometric means were calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate time trends. The concentration of serum biomarkers for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as marker polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) expressed per g lipid, decreased significantly with time. The levels of DDE in all age groups and those of PCBs in cord and adolescent serum samples were almost halved in a time period of ten years. HCB levels were reduced by a factor of 4 in adolescents and in adults. Mean serum concentrations of the more recently regulated perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were significantly lower in cord samples of 2013 compared to samples of 2007. The decline was more pronounced for PFOS than for PFOA. In the same period, mean metabolite levels of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) decreased significantly in urine samples of adolescents with sharper declines for DEHP than for DBP. Cadmium and lead levels in cord and adolescent blood samples were significantly lower in the recent campaigns than 10 years before. Also the mean urinary cadmium level in adults was 35% lower compared to adult samples of 2002. Such favourable trends were not observed for arsenic and thallium measured in cord blood. Similar, the concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene, a marker for exposure to poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was not lower in urine from adolescents sampled in 2013 compared to 2003. In contrast, concentrations of t,t'-muconic acid, a marker of benzene exposure, showed clearly reduced levels. The FLEHS program shows that concentrations of well-regulated chemicals especially traditional POPs and cadmium and lead are decreasing in the population of Flanders. Response to regulatory measures seems to happen rapid, since concentrations in humans of specific regulated perfluorinated compounds and phthalates were significantly reduced in five years time. Biomarker concentrations for arsenic, thallium, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons are not decreasing in this time span and further follow up is warranted. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier GmbH.
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- 2017
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14. Environmental exposure to human carcinogens in teenagers and the association with DNA damage
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Liesbeth Bruckers, Elly Den Hond, Nathalie Lambrechts, Thomas Schettgen, Daniëlla Ooms, Ilse Loots, Eva Govarts, Nicolas Van Larebeke, Greet Schoeters, Carmen Franken, Gudrun Koppen, Adrian Covaci, Griet Jacobs, Isabelle Sioen, Willy Baeyens, Tim S. Nawrot, Mai Wevers, Francis Boonen, Vera Nelen, Chemistry, Vriendenkring VUB, and Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,DNA damage ,Urine ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Belgium ,Environmental Science(all) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Comet assay ,Biology ,Carcinogen ,8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Organophosphate ,Phthalate ,Deoxyguanosine ,Polychlorinated biphenyl ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental exposure ,Human biomonitoring ,Chemistry ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine ,Environmental chemistry ,Carcinogens ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Comet Assay ,Human medicine ,Biomarkers ,DNA Damage ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Background We investigated whether human environmental exposure to chemicals that are labeled as (potential) carcinogens leads to increased (oxidative) damage to DNA in adolescents. Material and methods Six hundred 14–15-year-old youngsters were recruited all over Flanders (Belgium) and in two areas with important industrial activities. DNA damage was assessed by alkaline and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) modified comet assays in peripheral blood cells and analysis of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Personal exposure to potentially carcinogenic compounds was measured in urine, namely: chromium, cadmium, nickel, 1-hydroxypyrene as a proxy for exposure to other carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), t,t-muconic acid as a metabolite of benzene, 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), organophosphate pesticide metabolites, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites. In blood, arsenic, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners 118 and 156, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were analyzed. Levels of methylmercury (MeHg) were measured in hair. Multiple linear regression models were used to establish exposure-response relationships. Results Biomarkers of exposure to PAHs and urinary chromium were associated with higher levels of both 8-OHdG in urine and DNA damage detected by the alkaline comet assay. Concentrations of 8-OHdG in urine increased in relation with increasing concentrations of urinary t,t-muconic acid, cadmium, nickel, 2,5-DCP, and DEHP metabolites. Increased concentrations of PFOA in blood were associated with higher levels of DNA damage measured by the alkaline comet assay, whereas DDT was associated in the same direction with the Fpg-modified comet assay. Inverse associations were observed between blood arsenic, hair MeHg, PCB 156 and HCB, and urinary 8-OHdG. The latter exposure biomarkers were also associated with higher fish intake. Urinary nickel and t,t-muconic acid were inversely associated with the alkaline comet assay. Conclusion This cross-sectional study found associations between current environmental exposure to (potential) human carcinogens in 14–15-year-old Flemish adolescents and short-term (oxidative) damage to DNA. Prospective follow-up will be required to investigate whether long-term effects may occur due to complex environmental exposures.
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- 2017
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15. Dietary calcium intake and adiposity in children and adolescents: Cross-sectional and longitudinal results from IDEFICS/I.Family cohort
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L. A. Moreno, T. Veidebaum, Timm Intemann, V. Pala, Maike Wolters, Dénes Molnár, Paola Russo, Isabelle Sioen, Alfonso Siani, Lauren Lissner, Annunziata Nappo, Yiannis Kourides, and S. Sparano
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Male ,Pediatric Obesity ,Time Factors ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Overweight ,Recommended Dietary Allowances ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Prevalence ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Children ,Adiposity ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Anthropometry ,Age Factors ,Europe ,Child, Preschool ,Cohort ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Cohort study ,Dietary calcium ,Waist ,Adolescent ,chemistry.chemical_element ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Calcium ,Risk Assessment ,Dairy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,business.industry ,Protective Factors ,medicine.disease ,Calcium, Dietary ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,Dairy Products ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Background and aims: Studies in children and adolescents suggest that higher dairy consumption may exert a protective effect on adiposity. However, only few studies examined the association between dietary calcium intake and body mass measures with conflicting results. We evaluated the association between total dietary calcium, calcium from dairy and non-dairy sources and anthropometric indices in a large European cohort of children and adolescents. Methods and Results: As many as 6, 696 children belonging to the IDEFICS study were eligible for the cross-sectional analysis (Boys = 51%; age 6.0 ± 1.8 years; mean ± SD). Of these, 2, 744 were re-examined six years later (Boys = 49.6%; age = 11.7 ± 1.8 years) in the framework of the I.Family study. The exposures were the baseline energy-adjusted total, dairy and non-dairy calcium intakes measured by a validated 24-h dietary recall. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the association between calcium intake and z-scores of anthropometric indices (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference, WC; sum of skinfolds, SS; fat mass index, FMI) at baseline, and their variation over the 6 years follow-up. The association of dietary calcium with the incidence of overweight/obesity was also assessed. At baseline, an inverse association between total calcium intake and all the adiposity indices was consistently observed in boys, while only SS and FMI were significant in girls. The prevalence of overweight/obesity decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) across tertiles of calcium intake, in both sexes. Over the follow-up, boys with higher baseline calcium intake value showed significantly lower increase in BMI, WC and FMI z-scores, while in girls only a lower increase in WC z-score was observed. Only in boys, the risk to become overweight/obese decreased significantly across tertiles of calcium intake. Similar results were observed by analyzing only dietary calcium from dairy, while no association was observed between non-dairy calcium and adiposity indices. Conclusions: We showed in a large cohort of European children and adolescents that dietary calcium intake may play a role in the modulation of body fat in developmental age. The association between dietary calcium and adiposity indices was driven by dairy calcium, while no effect was observed for non-dairy calcium intake. The existence of a sex-related difference in the association deserves further investigations.
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- 2019
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16. Associations Between Body Composition and Bone Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
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elisa lust, L. A. Moreno, Isabelle Sioen, David Jiménez-Pavón, and S. De Henauw
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Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Cochrane Library ,Overweight ,Bone and Bones ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Quantitative computed tomography ,Child ,education ,Adiposity ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Surgery ,Systematic review ,Adipose Tissue ,Child, Preschool ,Body Composition ,Lean body mass ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
More clarification on the associations between children's and adolescents' lean and fat mass (LM and FM) on the one hand and their bone health on the other hand is needed, given the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in this population. This systematic literature review aimed to describe the current evidence on these associations. Data sources were Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library (up to November 2014). Search items included LM, FM, children and adolescents (0-18 years), bone health measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and search items concerning study design: observational and longitudinal studies. The study populations were healthy children and adolescents including obese children. Children with other diseases and clinical series of study subjects were excluded. Based on the studies included in this review (n = 19), there is a consensus that the contribution of LM to the variance of the different bone parameters is larger than the contribution of FM and that an increase in LM is associated with an increase in bone parameters. Most of the studies indicated that the increase in bone parameters seen in overweight and obese children and adolescents is due to an increase in LM and not to greater FM. The results on the association between body fat and bone parameters were contradictory and depended on children's age and sex. Still more data from studies with a longitudinal study design using (high resolution) pQCT and a representative sample are needed to get further insight in the associations between body fat and bone parameters in children, specifically concerning differences in sex, skeletal site and fat depots.
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- 2016
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17. Children's psychosocial stress and emotional eating: A role for leptin?
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Johannes Ruige, Nathalie Michels, Isabelle Sioen, and Stefaan De Henauw
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Mediation (statistics) ,Longitudinal study ,Leptin ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Emotional eating ,Moderation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Serum leptin ,Psychosocial stress ,medicine ,Psychology ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Hormone - Abstract
Objective: Psychosocial stress can be a health threat by stimulating unhealthier eating behaviors. We aim to test the role of the hormone leptin in the association between stress and diet/emotional eating as detected in primary school children. Method: In a two-wave longitudinal study with 308 Belgian children (5-12y) in 2010-2012, the association of fasting serum leptin with reported stress (negative events and emotional problems), measured stress by salivary cortisol (overall cortisol output and awakening response), emotional eating and food consumption frequency was examined. Analyses were split by sex. Mediation and moderation by leptin change were tested. Results: One stress marker (overall cortisol output) was significantly correlated with high leptin levels, but only in girls and cross-sectionally. Only in boys, leptin was associated with low emotional eating. Leptin was not a significant predictor of unhealthy food consumption. Leptin change was not a mediator but an enhancing moderator in the link between stress (high cortisol output and emotional problems) and emotional eating in girls: high reports of emotional eating in 2012 were present in the case of combined high 2-year leptin increase and high stress at baseline. Discussion: Stress (represented by emotional problems and high daily cortisol) seems to lead to hyperleptinemia in girls; and the combination of high stress and hyperleptinemia might make girls more vulnerable to stress-induced eating. No functional data on leptin sensitivity were present, but results might suggest that stress induces lower sensitivity to the anorexigenic leptin activity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:471–480)
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- 2016
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18. Different osteocalcin forms, markers of metabolic syndrome and anthropometric measures in children within the IDEFICS cohort
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Diana Swolin-Eide, Bojan Tubic, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Diana Herrmann, Lauren Lissner, Per Magnusson, Staffan Mårild, Isabelle Sioen, Monica Leu, and Verena Schwetz
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Physiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Osteocalcin ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Overweight ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Humans ,Protein Isoforms ,Medicine ,Child ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Sweden ,Anthropometry ,Adiponectin ,biology ,business.industry ,Insulin ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Child, Preschool ,Cohort ,biology.protein ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Objective Osteocalcin (OC), an aboundant non-collagenous bone protein, is inversely associated with parameters of glucose metabolism. Interactions between bone tissue and energy metabolism have not been thoroughly investigated during childhood. This study investigated OC, metabolic parameters and anthropometric characteristics in normal weight and overweight/obese children. Methods This study comprised 108 (46 normal weight/62 overweight/obese) Swedish 2–9 year old children. Anthropometric data, insulin, glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA index, vitamin D, adiponectin, total OC, carboxylated OC (cOC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) were analysed. Results No difference was found for total OC between the normal and overweight/obese groups, with a mean (± SD) value of 82.6 (± 2.8) ng/mL and 77.0 (± 2.4) ng/mL, ( P = 0.11), respectively. Overweight children had lower cOC levels, mean 69.1 (± 2.2) ng/mL, vs. normal weight children, mean 75.6 (± 2.5) ng/mL ( P = 0.03). The mean ucOC levels of 7.9 (± 0.4) ng/mL in overweight children did not differ vs. normal weight children, mean level 7.0 (± 0.4) ng/mL, ( P = 0.067). None of the three OC forms correlated with any of the measured parameters. Conclusions The cOC levels were lower in overweight children. There was no correlation between the three OC forms and any of the measured anthropometric or metabolic parameters. OC has been suggested to have a possible metabolic role, but in general the current study in prepubertal children does not support the hypothesis of an association between OC and a positive metabolic profile.
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- 2016
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19. Whole-blood fatty acids and inflammation in European children: the IDEFICS Study
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Licia Iacoviello, Michael Tornaritis, Gabriele Eiben, Kathrin Günther, Wolfgang Ahrens, Javier Santabárbara, Dénes Molnár, L. A. Moreno, Paola Russo, Isabelle Sioen, Patrizia Risé, T. Veidebaum, Corrado L. Galli, Esther M. González-Gil, and Alfonso Siani
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Male ,Vitamin ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Calorie ,Linoleic acid ,Nutritional Status ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Gastroenterology ,Linoleic Acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Inflammation ,Arachidonic Acid ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Eicosapentaenoic acid ,Obesity ,Confidence interval ,Diet ,Europe ,C-Reactive Protein ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,Eicosapentaenoic Acid ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ,inflammation ,fatty acid ,children ,European ,IDEFICS ,Female ,Arachidonic acid ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Background/Objectives:Fatty acids are hypothesized to influence cardiovascular disease risk because of their effect on inflammation. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between whole-blood fatty acids (WBFAs) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in European children.Subjects/Methods:A total of 1401 subjects (697 boys and 704 girls) aged between 2 and 9 years from the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects in Children and infantS) study were measured in this cross-sectional analysis. The sample was divided into three categories of hs-CRP. Associations between WBFA and hs-CRP were assessed by logistic regression models adjusting for body mass index (BMI), country, age, breastfeeding, mother's education and hours of physical activity.Results:Linoleic acid (LA) (P=0.013, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.822-0.977) and sum of n-6 WBFA (P=0.029, 95% CI: 0.866-0.992) concentrations were associated with lower concentrations of hs-CRP in boys. In girls, a high ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) was associated (P=0.018, 95% CI: 0.892-0.989) with lower hs-CRP concentrations. In contrast, sum of blood n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (P=0.012, 95% CI: 1.031-1.284), AA (P=0.007, 95% CI: 1.053-1.395) and AA/LA ratio (P=0.005, 95% CI: 1.102-1.703) were associated (P
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- 2016
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20. Longitudinal association between psychosocial stress and retinal microvasculature in children and adolescents
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Patrick De Boever, Tim S. Nawrot, Nathalie Michels, Mahmoud Zaqout, Carola J. C. Van Aart, Isabelle Sioen, and Stefaan De Henauw
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Male ,Heart disease ,Hydrocortisone ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blood Pressure ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cortisol ,Body Mass Index ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Belgium ,Adverse Childhood Experiences ,Psychology ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Children ,media_common ,ABNORMALITIES ,Sadness ,VESSEL CALIBER ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mathematics and Statistics ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE ,Cardiology ,Female ,MENTAL STRESS ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,PARTICIPATION ,HEART-DISEASE ,Stress ,Affect (psychology) ,Retina ,Microcirculation ,Life events ,03 medical and health sciences ,INFLAMMATION ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Microvessels ,Behavior ,Socioeconomic status ,Biological Psychiatry ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,business.industry ,Retinal Vessels ,Retinal ,medicine.disease ,SIGNS ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,VASCULAR CALIBER ,RISK-FACTORS ,Happiness ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biomarkers ,Stress, Psychological ,Hair - Abstract
Background: Retinal microvessels provides a window to assess the microcirculation of heart and brain, and might reflect cardio- or cerebrovascular disease risk. Limited information exist on the relation between psychosocial stress and the microcirculation, even though psychosocial stress might trigger vascular diseases. This study investigates whether childhood psychosocial stress is a predictor of retinal microvasculature. Methods: We followed-up 182 Belgian children, aged 5.7-11.3 years at baseline (53.3% boys). Information about psychosocial stress was obtained using emotional, behavioral and negative life events questionnaires and hair cortisol, an objective stress marker. Retinal photographs were used to calculate vessel diameters, bifurcation angles and optimality deviation with semiautomated software. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were explored using multivariable regression analysis with retinal parameters in 2015 as outcome, while adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, cardiovascular parameters and lifestyle factors. Results: Feelings of happiness, sadness and negative life events were associated with retinal vascular diameter, but behavior and hair cortisol were not. High stress levels over a 4-year time period (less happy, sadder and higher total negative emotions) were associated with larger venules (beta = 0.21-0.43) and children who experienced more negative life events had smaller arterioles (beta = - 0.15). No consistent patterns were seen with bifurcation angles and optimality deviation. Conclusion: Based on the results, we conclude that high levels of childhood psychosocial stress unfavorably affect the retinal vascular diameters, potentially reflecting the microvasculature of the heart and brain. It seems this might even be independent of lifestyle and BMI, but further research on mechanisms is necessary. This study was supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders, Belgium (project number G073315N) and European Research Council (ERC-2012-StG 310898).
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- 2018
21. Associations of leptin, insulin and lipids with retinal microvasculature in children and adolescents
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Nathalie Michels, Annelies De Decker, Tim S. Nawrot, Isabelle Sioen, Stefaan De Henauw, and Carola J. C. Van Aart
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Leptin ,Male ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,VESSEL DIAMETERS ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,DISEASE ,Body Mass Index ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Belgium ,Risk Factors ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS ,Insulin ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Adiposity ,ABNORMALITIES ,Lipids ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,OBESITY ,Female ,retinal vessel ,microvasculature ,medicine.medical_specialty ,insulin ,Adolescent ,CALIBER ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK ,leptin ,03 medical and health sciences ,Insulin resistance ,children ,INFLAMMATION ,BEAVER DAM EYE ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,cardiometabolic factors ,Triglyceride ,business.industry ,Retinal Vessels ,Retinal ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Health Surveys ,Ophthalmoscopy ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Microvessels ,Insulin Resistance ,business ,COMMUNITIES ,Body mass index ,Biomarkers ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Background: We investigated whether cardiometabolic risk factors measured in serum (total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], triglyceride, leptin, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance) are associated with the retinal microvasculature, a marker of cardiovascular aging, in healthy children and adolescents. Moreover, we tested whether these associations are due to direct biological effects or more indirectly due to adiposity-related side effects. Methods: We recruited 168 healthy Flemish children (7–16 years old, 54.8% boys). Blood samples and retinal photographs were taken during clinical examinations. Arteriolar and venular vessel calibers were calculated using a semi-automated computer program. Multivariable regression models were used and adjusted for age, sex, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and alternate retinal caliber. In a second step, we adjusted for body mass index z-score (zBMI). Results: Only continuous serum leptin was associated with retinal parameters, i.e. wider arterioles; however, this disappeared after adjustment for zBMI. Children with high cardiometabolic risk factors (>90th percentile for serum leptin, insulin and insulin resistance) had wider arterioles compared to children with lower concentrations, even after additional adjustment for zBMI. No significant associations were found with lipids. Conclusions: In this healthy population of children and adolescents, the hormones insulin and leptin and insulin resistance were associated with retinal microvasculature alterations, mainly in children with high cardiometabolic factors (>90th percentile), while lipids were not. These associations were independent of zBMI.
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- 2018
22. Residential landscape as a predictor of psychosocial stress in the life course from childhood to adolescence
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Tim S. Nawrot, Carola J. C. Van Aart, Bram G. Janssen, Isabelle Sioen, Nathalie Michels, Stefaan De Henauw, Annelies De Decker, and Esmée M. Bijnens
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Male ,Gerontology ,Adolescent ,Hydrocortisone ,Emotions ,Child Behavior ,Voluntary participation ,Disease ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,residential landscape ,green space ,psychosocial stress ,children ,adolescents ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Belgium ,Residence Characteristics ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Information system ,Humans ,Industry ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,Depressive symptoms ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Population Density ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Foundation (evidence) ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Mental Health ,Work (electrical) ,Psychosocial stress ,Life course approach ,Female ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Hair - Abstract
Background: The effects of residential landscape, i.e., land use and traffic, on psychosocial stress in children are unknown, even though childhood stress might negatively affect normal development. In a longitudinal study, we investigate whether the residential landscape predicts childhood psychosocial stress and whether associations are independent of noise and air pollution. Methods: Belgian children aged 6.7-12.2 (N = 172, 50.9% boys) were followed for three years (2012-2015). Information on stress was obtained using standardized behavioral and emotional questionnaires and by a measure of hair cortisol. Residential landscape, including natural, agricultural, industrial, residential areas, and traffic, in a 100-m to 5-km radius around each child's home was characterized. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between psychosocial stress and the residential landscape were studied using linear regression and mixed models, while adjusting for age, sex, and parental socioeconomic status. Results: Natural landscapes were positively associated with better emotional status (increased happiness and lower sadness, anxiousness, and total negative emotions, beta = 0.14-0.17, 95% CI = 0.01-0.30). Similarly, we observed an inverse association between residential and traffic density with hyperactivity problems (beta = 0.13-0.18, 95% CI = 0.01-0.34). In longitudinal analyses, industrial area was a predictor of increases in negative emotions, while a natural landscape was for increases in happiness. Only the effect of natural landscape was partly explained by residential noise. Conclusion: Residential greenness in proximity to a child's residence might result in a better childhood emotional status, whereas poorer emotional status and behavioral problems (hyperactivity problems) were seen with residential and industrial areas and increased traffic density in proximity to a child's home. The authors would like to thank all the children and parents for their voluntary participation in this study. This work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders, Belgium (project number G073315N), and the geographical information system was supported by the EU Program "Ideas" (ERC-2012-StG 310898). Bram Janssen is a postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation Flanders, Belgium (FWO).
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- 2018
23. UV-filters and musk fragrances in seafood commercialized in Europe Union: Occurrence, risk and exposure assessment
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Silke Jacobs, Federico Ferrari, Wim Verbeke, Laura Trabalón, José O. Fernandes, Kit Granby, Margarita Fernández-Tejedor, José L. Domingo, Sara C. Cunha, Marcos A. Castro, António Marques, Christiaan Kwadijk, Johan Robbens, Isabelle Sioen, and Eva Pocurull
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Mackerel ,010501 environmental sciences ,Quechers ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Onderzoeksformatie ,Occurrence ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,GC-MS/MS ,medicine ,Humans ,UV-filters ,Galaxolide ,Food science ,European Union ,Musk fragrances ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Exposure assessment ,fish ,biology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,risk assessment ,biology.organism_classification ,0104 chemical sciences ,Homosalate ,Europe ,Octocrylene ,chemistry ,Seafood ,Reference values ,Odorants ,Environmental science ,Tuna ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In the framework of the FP7 ECsafeSeafood project, 62 seafood samples commercialized in Europe Union from several representative species - mackerel, tuna, salmon, seabream, cod, monkfish, crab, shrimp, octopus, perch and plaice - were analysed for residues of 21 personal care products (PCPs), including 11 UV-filters (UV-Fs) and 10 musk fragrances (musks). PCPs analysis were performed by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS), combined with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE), followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The results showed the presence in a wide range of samples of nine out of eleven UV-Fs compounds analysed, namely 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS), 2-ethylhexyl,4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor (4-MBC), benzophenone-1 (BP1), benzophenone-3 (BP3), isoamyl-4-methoxycinnamate (IMC), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone (DHMB), homosalate (HS), and octocrylene (OC), whereas galaxolide (HHCB), galaxolide lactone (HHCB-lactone), and tonalide (AHTN) were the most found musks. The potential risks to human health associated with the exposure to eight of the more prevalent PCPs - EHS, EHMC, 4-MBC, BP1, BP3, IMC, HHCB, and AHTN - through seafood consumption were assessed for consumers from five European countries (Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain). Results showed that the human exposure to UV-Fs and musks estimated from the concentration values found in seafood and the daily consumption of concerned seafood species, were far below toxicological reference values.
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- 2018
24. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder: a pooled analysis of seven European birth cohort studies
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Hein Stigum, Jürgen Wittsiepe, Matias Torrent, Gunnar Toft, Isabelle Sioen, Joan Forns, Jesús Ibarluzea, Martine Vrijheid, Tomas Trnovec, Eva Govarts, Birgit Bjerre Høyer, Merete Eggesbø, Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa, Eva Sovcikova, Nina Iszatt, Mònica Guxens, Nikola Nowack, Cécile Chevrier, Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Slovak Medical University of Bratislava (SMU), Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) of Pamplona, Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam/Sophia Children's Hospital, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Norges Forskningsråd, ANR-2010-PRSP-007, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, APVT-21–016804, Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja, FP7/2007–2013, European Community’s Seventh Framework, Norwegian Data Inspectorate, 282957, DENAMIC, 226402, NEVRINOR, S-02122, Regional Ethics Committee for Medical Research in Norway, EU, European Union, FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957, NEWGENERIS, MS13/00054, Miguel Servet-FEDER, DFG06/004, Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa, 1999SGR 00241, Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT, 090430, La Fundació La Marató de TV3, 2009111069, Conselleria de Sanitat Generalitat Valenciana, Department of Health of the Basque Government, Obra Social Cajastur, PI17/00663, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 183/07, Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía, QLK4–2002-00603, EU Commission, QLK4-CT-2001–00202, European Commission’s 7th and 5th Framework Programmes, Universidad de Oviedo, R01 CA096525, National Institutes of Health, ANR-10-PRSP-0007,PEPSY(2010), Jonchère, Laurent, PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE EN SANTE PUBLIQUE - - PEPSY2010 - ANR-10-PRSP-0007 - PRSP - VALID, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology
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Male ,Epidemiology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Hexachlorobenzene ,Child ,education.field_of_study ,Perinatal Exposure ,General Medicine ,Environmental exposure ,Fetal Blood ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,3. Good health ,Europe ,Maternal Exposure ,Child, Preschool ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Cohort study ,Adolescent ,polychlorinated biphenyls ,Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene ,Population ,Prenatal care ,attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity ,DDT ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Humans ,education ,Prenatal Exposures to Pollutants ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,Environmental Exposure ,medicine.disease ,Logistic Models ,hexachlorobenzene ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
International audience; Background - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing worldwide for reasons largely unknown and environmental chemicals with neurotoxic properties, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have been proposed to play a role. We investigated the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153), p-p´-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p-p'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and ADHD in childhood. Methods - We pooled seven European birth cohort studies encompassing 4437 mother-child pairs from the general population with concentrations of PCB-153, p-p´-DDE and HCB measured in cord blood, maternal blood or milk. We then calculated prenatal (birth) and postnatal (3, 6, 12 and 24 months) POP concentrations using a pharmacokinetic model. The operational definition of ADHD varied across cohorts and ranged from doctor diagnosis obtained from patient registries to maternal or teachers reports. We used multilevel (mixed) logistic regression models to estimate the associations between exposure to POPs at birth, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and ADHD. Results - The global prevalence of ADHD in our study was 6%. The mean age at assessment of ADHD was 5.8 years (range: 3.8-9.5 years). We found no association between exposure to PCB-153, p-p´-DDE and HCB at any age point between birth and 24 months and ADHD, in the pooled analyses (pooled odds ratios ranging from 1.00 to 1.01). A number of sensitivity analyses gave basically the same results. Conclusions - In the largest study to date of 4437 children in seven European birth cohorts, we did not observe any association between either pre- or postnatal exposure (up to 24 months) to PCB-153, p-p´-DDE and HCB and the risk of ADHD before the age of 10 years.
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- 2018
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25. Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in raw and cooked seafood from European market : Concentrations and human exposure levels
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António Marques, Wim Verbeke, Albert Serra-Compte, Isabelle Sioen, Sara C. Cunha, Diana Álvarez-Muñoz, Margarita Fernández-Tejedor, Federico Ferrari, Silke Jacobs, Núria Cáceres, Johan Robbens, Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz, Michiel Kotterman, Vera Barbosa, Damià Barceló, Kit Granby, Producció Animal, and Aigües Marines i Continentals
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Adult ,Risk ,663/664 ,Adolescent ,Parabens ,Food Contamination ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Dietary exposure ,Young Adult ,Human health ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Onderzoeksformatie ,Phenols ,BU Authenticity & Bioassays ,Humans ,Endocrine system ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Food science ,Cooking ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,European union ,Endocrine disruptors ,Aged ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,integumentary system ,010401 analytical chemistry ,food and beverages ,Middle Aged ,Contamination ,Triclosan ,0104 chemical sciences ,Europe ,BU Authenticiteit & Bioassays ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,chemistry ,Seafood ,Human exposure ,Pharmaceuticals ,Risk assessment - Abstract
Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are chemicals of emerging concern that can accumulate in seafood sold in markets. These compounds may represent a risk to consumers through effects on the human reproductive system, metabolic disorders, pathogenesis of breast cancer or development of microbial resistance. Measuring their levels in highly consumed seafood is important to assess the potential risks to human health. Besides, the effect of cooking on contaminant levels is relevant to investigate. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to study the presence and levels of PhACs and EDCs in commercially available seafood in the European Union market, to investigate the effect of cooking on contaminant levels, and to evaluate the dietary exposure of humans to these compounds through seafood consumption. A sampling survey of seafood from 11 European countries was undertaken. Twelve highly consumed seafood types were analysed raw and cooked with 3 analytical methods (65 samples, 195 analysis). PhACs were mostly not detectable or below quantification limits in seafood whereas EDCs were a recurrent group of contaminants quantified in the majority of the samples. Besides, cooking by steaming significantly increased their levels in seafood from 2 to 46-fold increase. Based on occurrence and levels, bisphenol A, methylparaben and triclosan were selected for performing a human exposure assessment and health risk characterisation through seafood consumption. The results indicate that the Spanish population has the highest exposure to the selected EDCs through seafood consumption, although the exposure via seafood remained below the current toxicological reference values. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
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- 2018
26. Marine environmental contamination: public awareness, concern and perceived effectiveness in five European countries
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António Marques, Yves Rosseel, Alice Tediosi, Martí Nadal, Isabelle Sioen, Stefaan De Henauw, Silke Jacobs, Wim Verbeke, and Tanja Calis
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Male ,Public economics ,business.industry ,Oceans and Seas ,Environmental resource management ,Industrial Waste ,Food Contamination ,Awareness ,Models, Theoretical ,Biochemistry ,Structural equation modeling ,Europe ,Food Preferences ,Seafood ,Action (philosophy) ,Public Opinion ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,business ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring ,General Environmental Science ,Public awareness - Abstract
Given the potential of Perceived Consumer Effectiveness (PCE) in shaping pro-environmental behavior, the relationships between PCE, awareness of causes of contaminants in the marine environment, and concern about marine environmental contamination were investigated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). PCE is the belief that an individual has in being able to make a difference when acting alone. A web-based survey was performed in one western European country (Belgium), one northern European country (Ireland) and three southern European countries (Italy, Portugal and Spain), resulting in a total sample size of 2824 participants. The analyses confirm that European citizens are concerned about marine environmental problems. Participants from the southern countries reported the highest concern. In addition, the study participants did not have a strong belief in themselves in being capable of making a difference in tackling marine environmental problems. However, a higher awareness, which was associated with a higher degree of concern, enhanced the belief that an individual can make a difference in tackling marine environmental problems, though only when a concrete action was proposed. Consequently, information campaigns focusing on pro-environmental behavior are recommended to raise public awareness about marine environmental problems and at the same time explicitly refer to concrete possible actions. The findings indicate that when only awareness and concern are raised without mentioning a concrete action, PCE might even decrease and render the communication effort ineffective.
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- 2015
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27. Pediatric Reference Values for Tibial Trabecular Bone Mineral Density and Bone Geometry Parameters Using Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography
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Jean-Marc Kaufman, Mathieu Roelants, Sara Vandewalle, Inge Roggen, Stefan Goemaere, Jean De Schepper, Isabelle Sioen, Stefaan De Henauw, Clinical sciences, and Growth and Development
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Bone density ,Peripheral quantitative computed tomography ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Adolescents ,Endocrinology ,Bone Density ,Reference Values ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Multislice ,Tibia ,Quantitative computed tomography ,Child ,Children ,Bone mineral ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Circumference ,Surgery ,Diaphysis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Cortical bone ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,bone mineral density ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,tibia - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish reference data, in relation to age and body height, for tibial trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and cross-sectional bone geometry in healthy children and adolescents using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Over a 2-year period, 432 (207 male and 225 female) healthy children, with an age range of 5 to 19 years, from 6 different geographic areas in Belgium were recruited. Multislice pQCT scanning (XCT2000(®), Stratec Medizintechnik, Pforzheim, Germany) was performed at the distal metaphysis (at the 4 % site) and the distal diaphysis (14 and 38 % sites) of the tibia of the dominant leg. Gender-specific centile curves in relation to age and body height were generated with the LMS method for total and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (at 4 % site), bone mineral content, total bone cross-sectional area, periosteal circumference (all at 4, 14, and 38 % site), cortical volumetric bone mineral density, endosteal circumference, and cortical thickness (at the 14 and the 38 % site). These centile curves can be used for the interpretation of pQCT results at the 4, 14, and 38 % site of the tibia in European children and adolescents, at least when a similar methodology is used.
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- 2015
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28. TDS exposure project: Application of the analytic hierarchy process for the prioritization of substances to be analyzed in a total diet study
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Federica Aureli, S. De Henauw, A. Papadopoulos, Karine Vin, Aida Turrini, H.I. Oktay Basegmez, Véronique Sirot, D. Sokolić-Mihalak, Francesco Cubadda, Hayrettin Ozer, P.M. Fernandez San Juan, Martina Jurković, Isabelle Sioen, and M.T. Lopez Esteban
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Prioritization ,General method ,Inorganic arsenic ,Priority list ,Analytic hierarchy process ,Food Contamination ,Dioxins ,Toxicology ,Risk Assessment ,Arsenic ,Aflatoxins ,Metals, Heavy ,Sulfites ,Vulnerable population ,Nitrites ,Diet study ,Environmental Exposure ,Mercury ,General Medicine ,Environmental economics ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,Inorganic mercury ,Diet ,Europe ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Food Analysis ,Cadmium ,Food Science - Abstract
The objective of this article is to develop a general method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology to rank the substances to be studied in a Total Diet Studies (TDS). This method was tested for different substances and groups of substances (N = 113), for which the TDS approach has been considered relevant. This work was performed by a group of 7 experts from different European countries representing their institutes, which are involved in the TDS EXPOSURE project. The AHP methodology is based on a score system taking into account experts' judgments quantified assigning comparative scores to the different identified issues. Hence, the 10 substances of highest interest in the framework of a TDS are trace elements (methylmercury, cadmium, inorganic arsenic, lead, aluminum, inorganic mercury), dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and some additives (sulfites and nitrites). The priority list depends on both the national situation (geographical variations, consumer concern, etc.) and the availability of data. Thus, the list depends on the objectives of the TDS and on reachable analytical performances. Moreover, such a list is highly variable with time and new data (e.g. social context, vulnerable population groups, emerging substances, new toxicological data or health-based guidance values). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- 2015
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29. Neurobehavioral function and low-level metal exposure in adolescents
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Liesbeth Bruckers, Isabelle Sioen, Griet Vermier, Elly Den Hond, Tim S. Nawrot, Willy Baeyens, Vera Nelen, Mineke K. Viaene, Nicolas Van Larebeke, Jan Vrijens, Michal Kicinski, Greet Schoeters, Chemistry, Vriendenkring VUB, and Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry
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Male ,Passive smoking ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Short-term memory ,Physiology ,Poison control ,Urine ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Medicine ,Attention ,Methyl hg ,Menstrual cycle ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Neurotoxicity ,Environmental Exposure ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Memory, Short-Term ,Lead ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Human medicine ,business ,Copper ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
An excessive metal exposure is harmful to the brain. However, many aspects of metal neurotoxicity remain unclear including the magnitude of the low-level exposure effects and the level of exposure that can be assumed safe. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between a low-level metal exposure and three neurobehavioral domains (sustained attention, short-term memory, and manual motor speed). We measured Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Tl in blood, Cd, Ni, and toxicologically relevant As in urine and methyl Hg in hair in 606 adolescents between 13.6 and 17 years of age. A two-fold increase in blood Cu was associated with a 0.37 standard deviations decrease in sustained attention (95% CI: -0.67 to -0.07, p = 0.02) and 0.39 standard deviations decrease in short-term memory (95% CI: -0.70 to -0.07, p = 0.02), accounting for gender, age, smoking, passive smoking, household income per capita, occupation of the parents, and education level of the mother. None of the other metals was significantly associated with the neurobehavioral domains that were measured. The observed associations between blood Cu and neurobehavioral performance are in line with recent studies in elderly. However, the relevance of our results for public health remains to be elucidated. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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- 2015
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30. Caramel colour and process by-products in foods and beverages: Part I - Development of a UPLC-MS/MS isotope dilution method for determination of 2-acetyl-4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)imidazole (THI), 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) and 2-methylimidazol (2-MEI)
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C. Vinkx, C. Cornelis, M De Maeyer, Stefan Voorspoels, Isabelle Sioen, P. Vloemans, M. Van Holderbeke, Guido Vanermen, Griet Jacobs, and Tine Fierens
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Detection limit ,Chromatography ,Isotope dilution method ,Carbohydrates ,Imidazoles ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,2-Methylimidazole ,Isotope dilution ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,Mass spectrometry ,040401 food science ,Analytical Chemistry ,Beverages ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,chemistry ,Isotopes ,Food ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,4-Methylimidazole ,Solid phase extraction ,Food Analysis ,Food Science ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Caramel colours are used by the food industry in a wide range of foods and beverages. During their manufacturing, low molecular weight compounds such as 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI), the structural isomer of 4-MEI, 2-methylimidazole (2-MEI) and 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxy-butylimidazole (THI) are generated. The presence of these inevitable by-products of caramel manufacturing can be hazardous to human health. This publication describes an isotope dilution Ultra-High-performance Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method (UHPLC-MS/MS) that was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of these impurities in both beverages/liquids and foods. A limit of quantification of 5 μg/kg was obtained for 4-MEI and THI. The expanded measurement uncertainty (U; k = 2) for these compounds was below 51% in beverages/liquids and below 56% in foods. As higher measurement uncertainties were obtained for 2-MEI, the developed analytical procedure can only be used in a semi-quantitative way for this compound.
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- 2017
31. UV-filters and musk fragrances in European seafood: Occurrence and risk assessment
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Sara Cunha, Laura Trabalón, Silke Jacobs, Vera Liane Barbosa, Margarita Fernandez-Tejedor, Kit Granby, Wim Verbeke, Christiaan Kwadijk, Federico Ferrari, Johan Robbens, Isabelle Sioen, Marques, António T., and Marti Nadal
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- 2017
32. Systematic Review on N-3 and N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake in European Countries in Light of the Current Recommendations – Focus on Specific Population Groups
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Mathilde Fleith, Ronald P. Mensink, Szimonetta Lohner, Philip C. Calder, Catarina Petisca, Aliz Szommer, Lilou van Lieshout, Stewart Forsyth, Simone R.B.M. Eussen, Isabelle Sioen, Ans Eilander, and Cristina Campoy
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0301 basic medicine ,Agriculture and Food Sciences ,Male ,Adolescent ,N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Nutrition Policy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake ,INFANT FORMULA ,Dietary Fats, Unsaturated ,Pregnancy ,N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ,Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ,Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,Humans ,Lactation ,BREAST-MILK ,Dietary recommendations ,Food science ,Child ,Aged ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Milk, Human ,business.industry ,ESSENTIALITY ,Dietary intake ,1ST YEAR ,Infant ,ARACHIDONIC-ACID ,DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID ,PREVENTION ,Europe ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,DIETARY GUIDELINES ,NUTRITION ,Female ,Systematic Review ,business ,Specific population ,PREGNANT-WOMEN ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
Background: Earlier reviews indicated that in many countries adults, children and adolescents consume on an average less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation. Summary: The intake of total and individual n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in European infants, children, adolescents, elderly and pregnant/lactating women was evaluated systematically. Results: The evaluations were done against recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority. Key Messages: Fifty-three studies from 17 different European countries reported an intake of total n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and/or individual n-3 or n-6 PUFAs in at least one of the specific population groups: 10 in pregnant women, 4 in lactating women, 3 in infants 6–12 months, 6 in children 1–3 years, 11 in children 4–9 years, 8 in adolescents 10–18 years and 11 in elderly >65 years. Mean linoleic acid intake was within the recommendation (4 energy percentage [E%]) in 52% of the countries, with inadequate intakes more likely in lactating women, adolescents and elderly. Mean α-linolenic acid intake was within the recommendation (0.5 E%) in 77% of the countries. In 26% of the countries, mean eicosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid intake was as recommended. These results indicate that intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs may be suboptimal in specific population groups in Europe., ILSI Europe Nutrient Intake Optimisation Task Force, Early Nutrition and Long-Term Health Task Force
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- 2017
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33. Fat and lean tissue accretion in relation to reward motivation in children
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Isabelle Sioen, Stefaan De Henauw, Bart De Clercq, Annelies De Decker, Nathalie Michels, Caroline Braet, Sandra Verbeken, and Jonathan C. K. Wells
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pediatric Obesity ,Child Behavior ,Overweight ,Muscle Development ,Developmental psychology ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Child Development ,Belgium ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,General Psychology ,Adiposity ,education.field_of_study ,child ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,NEURAL RESPONSES ,fat mass ,WEIGHT-GAIN ,Child, Preschool ,OBESITY ,Cohort ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cues ,SENSITIVITY ,Psychology ,Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,BEHAVIOR ,Risk ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES ,PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Preferences ,Sex Factors ,Reward ,lean mass ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Motivation ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,OVERWEIGHT ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Confidence interval ,longitudinal ,BODY-MASS INDEX ,Lean body mass ,FOOD-CONSUMPTION ,Body mass index ,Weight gain ,Demography - Abstract
‘Reward sensitivity’ explains inter-individual differences in the motivation to obtain rewards when reward cues are perceived. This psychobiological trait has been linked to higher consumption of palatable food when exposed to palatable food cues. The current study aims to examine if reward sensitivity explains differences in patterns of fat and lean tissue accretion over time in children. A longitudinal observational study with measurement waves in 2011 (baseline), 2012, 2013, and 2015 was conducted. The sample was a population-based Flemish cohort of children (n = 446, 50% boys and 5.5–12 years at baseline; 38.8% of the baseline sample also participated in 2015). Baseline reward sensitivity of the children was assessed by parent ratings on the Drive subscale of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System scales. Age- and sex-independent Fat and Lean Mass Index z-scores (zFMI and zLMI respectively) were computed for each study wave based on air-displacement plethysmography. In girls, but not boys, reward sensitivity was positively associated with the baseline zFMI and zLMI (95% confidence intervals of unstandardized estimates: 0.01 to 0.11 and 0.01 to 0.10 respectively, P values 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). Further, reward sensitivity explained 14.8% and 11.6% of the change in girls' zFMI and zLMI respectively over four years: the zFMI and zLMI increased and decreased respectively in high reward sensitive girls (95% confidence intervals of unstandardized estimates: 0.01 to 0.11 and −0.12 to −0.01 respectively, P values 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). Hence, girls high in reward sensitivity had significantly higher adiposity gain over four years parallel with lower increase in lean mass than was expected on the basis of their age and height. These results may help to identify appropriate targets for interventions for obesity prevention.
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- 2017
34. Social inequality in adolescents healthy food intake : the interplay between economic, social and cultural capital
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Frank J. Elgar, Bart De Clercq, Benedicte Deforche, Isabelle Sioen, Thomas Abel, John Lievens, Irene Moor, Lutgart Braeckman, Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, Movement and Sport Sciences, Physical Activity and Nutrition, and Kinanthropometry
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Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Social inequality in adolescents healthy food intake : the interplay between economic, social and cultural capital ,Adolescent ,Culture ,Health Behavior ,Distribution (economics) ,610 Medicine & health ,Cultural capital ,Social class ,Choice Behavior ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Preferences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Belgium ,360 Social problems & social services ,Environmental health ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Social inequality ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Feeding Behavior ,Social mobility ,Social Class ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Adolescent Behavior ,Capital (economics) ,Social Capital ,Female ,Diet, Healthy ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,Social capital ,Social status - Abstract
BACKGROUND Current explanations of health inequalities in adolescents focus on behavourial and economic determinants and rarely include more meaningful forms of economic, cultural, and social capital. The aim of the study was to investigate how the interplay between capitals constitutes social inequalities in adolescent healthy food intake. METHODS Data were collected in the 2013/14 Flemish Health Behavior among School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, which is part of the international WHO HBSC survey. The total sample included 7266 adolescents aged 12-18. A comprehensive set of 58 capital indicators was used to measure economic, cultural and social capital and a healthy food index was computed from a 17-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess the consumption frequency of healthy food within the overall food intake. RESULTS The different forms of capital were unequally distributed in accordance with the subdivisions within the education system. Only half of the capital indicators positively related to healthy food intake, and instead 17 interactions were found that both increased or reduced inequalities. Cultural capital was a crucial component for explaining inequalities such that social gradients in healthy food intake increased when adolescents participated in elite cultural practices (P < 0.05), and were consequently reduced when adolescents reported to have a high number of books at home (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A combination of selected resources in the form of economic, cultural and social capital may both increase or reduce healthy food intake inequalities in adolescents. Policy action needs to take into account the unequal distribution of these resources within the education system.
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- 2017
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35. A semi-probabilistic modelling approach for the estimation of dietary exposure to phthalates in the Belgian adult population
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Hanny Willems, S. De Henauw, C. Cornelis, Arnout Standaert, M. Bellemans, M De Maeyer, Tine Fierens, M. Van Holderbeke, and Isabelle Sioen
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Adult ,Male ,Tolerable daily intake ,Adolescent ,Population ,Phthalic Acids ,Adult population ,Food Contamination ,Biology ,Diethyl phthalate ,Risk Assessment ,Toxicology ,Food group ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Diethylhexyl Phthalate ,Animals ,Humans ,Ingestion ,Food science ,education ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,Aged ,General Environmental Science ,Aged, 80 and over ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,education.field_of_study ,Models, Statistical ,Dietary exposure ,Phthalate ,Environmental Exposure ,Middle Aged ,Dibutyl Phthalate ,Diet ,chemistry ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female - Abstract
In this study, a semi-probabilistic modelling approach was applied for the estimation of the long-term human dietary exposure to phthalates – one of world’s most used families of plasticisers. Four phthalate compounds were considered: diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Intake estimates were calculated for the Belgian adult population and several subgroups of this population for two considered scenarios using an extended version of the EN-forc model. The highest intake rates were found for DEHP, followed by DnBP, BBP and DEP. In the Belgian adult population, men and young adults generally had the highest dietary phthalate intake estimates. Nevertheless, predicted dietary intake rates for all four investigated phthalates were far below the corresponding tolerable daily intake (TDI) values (i.e. P99 intake values were 6.4% of the TDI at most), which is reassuring because adults are also exposed to phthalates via other contamination pathways (e.g. dust ingestion and inhalation). The food groups contributing most to the dietary exposure were grains and grain-based products for DEP, milk and dairy products for DnBP, meat and meat products or grains and grain-based products (depending on the scenario) for BBP and meat and meat products for DEHP. Comparison of the predicted intake results based on modelled phthalate concentrations in food products with intake estimates from other surveys (mostly based on measured concentrations) showed that the extended version of the EN-forc model is a suitable semi-probabilistic tool for the estimation and evaluation of the long-term dietary intake of phthalates in humans. Keywords: Phthalates, Dietary exposure assessment, Belgium, Adults, Semi-probabilistic modelling approach, EN-forc model
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- 2014
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36. Establishing a food list for a Total Diet Study: how does food consumption of specific subpopulations need to be considered?
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Marcela Dofkova, Oliver Lindtner, Katrin Blume, Anne Lise Brantsæter, A. Papadopoulos, Isabelle Sioen, S. De Henauw, Marc C. Kennedy, Hannah Pinchen, Véronique Sirot, J. Ruprich, Y. Akhandaf, and Helle Margrete Meltzer
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Adult ,Male ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population ,Food consumption ,Toxicology ,Food group ,Eating ,Sex Factors ,Environmental protection ,Environmental health ,Food classification ,Humans ,Child ,education ,Aged ,Czech Republic ,education.field_of_study ,Dietary exposure ,Diet study ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Age Factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Feeding Behavior ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Dietary pattern ,United Kingdom ,Diet ,Geography ,Food ,Female ,France ,Food Science ,Food contaminant - Abstract
A Total Diet Study (TDS) consists of selecting, collecting and analysing commonly consumed foods to obtain concentration data of different chemical compounds in foods as eaten. A TDS food list summarises the most consumed foods and represents the dietary habits of the general population of the country under study. The work reported here investigated whether TDS food lists that were initially designed for the whole population of the country under study also sufficiently cover the dietary pattern of specific subpopulations that are extra vulnerable for certain contaminants. The work was performed using data of three European countries: the Czech Republic, France and the UK. Each national food consumption database was combined with the corresponding national TDS food list (containing 336, 212 and 119 food items for the Czech Republic, France and the UK, respectively). The data were aggregated on the highest level of hierarchy of FoodEx-1, a pan-European food classification system, including 20 main FoodEx-1 groups. For the group 'milk and dairy products', the coverage of the consumption by the food list was investigated for more refined subgroups. For each food group or subgroup and country, the average percentage of coverage of the diet by the national TDS food list was calculated for different subpopulations, including children versus adults, women versus men, vegetarians versus non-vegetarians, and women of child-bearing age versus older women. The average diet of the different subpopulations was sufficiently covered by the food list of the Czech Republic and France. For the UK the average coverage was low due to a different food-coding approach and because food lists were not derived directly from national food consumption data. At the level of the 20 main food groups, differences between the subpopulations with respect to the average coverage of consumption by the TDS food list were minimal. The differences were more pronounced when looking in detail at the coverage of the dairy consumption. TDS food lists based on the mean consumption of the general population are also applicable to study the chemical exposure of different subpopulations, e.g. children, women of child-bearing age and vegetarians. This lowers the effort when performing a TDS.
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- 2014
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37. Trace metals in blood and urine of newborn/mother pairs, adolescents and adults of the Flemish population (2007–2011)
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Jan Vrijens, Greet Schoeters, Willy Baeyens, Bert Morrens, Els Van Den Mieroop, Vera Nelen, Tim S. Nawrot, Kim Croes, Liesbeth Bruckers, Isabelle Sioen, Elly Den Hond, Ilse Loots, Yue Gao, Martine Leermakers, Nicolas Van Larebeke, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry, Vriendenkring VUB, and Earth System Sciences
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Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,Physiology ,Urine ,Young Adult ,Sociology ,Belgium ,Metals, Heavy ,Placenta ,Biomonitoring ,medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Fetus ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Infant, Newborn ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental Exposure ,language.human_language ,Trace Elements ,Flemish ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cord blood ,language ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Human medicine ,business ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The Flemish Centre for Environment and Health started with human biomonitoring in 2002 (FLEHS I: 20022006). The main goal of the second human biomonitoring cycle (FLEHS II: 20072011), was to determine mean values for a large number of pollutants in a representative sample of the general Flemish population. Values for Cd and Pb were updated, and a group of previously undetermined metals and metalloids (As, Mn, Cu and Tl) were included in some of the age groups. In this human biomonitoring program, three different age groups of the general Flemish population were monitored: 255 newborns and their mothers, 210 adolescents aged 1415, and 204 adults between 20 and 40 years old. Trace elements were determined in cord blood and maternal blood of the mothers, in blood and urine of adolescents and in urine of adults. Determinants of life-style and personal factors were taken into account. The levels of trace elements in cord blood and maternal blood were for most elements at the lower end of the range found in literature. For Pb, As and Tl, a strong correlation (respectively r = 0.43, 0.55 and 0.33; p < 0.05) was found between levels in cord blood (respectively 8.6, 0.54 and 0.017 μg/L) and maternal blood (11.1, 0.64 and 0.028 μg/L), indicating that they are transported via the placenta from mother to fetus. The levels found in the adolescents and adults were compared with results from international biomonitoring studies, and were found to be in the same ranges. With the exception of Pb, all trace elements increased with increasing age group population. Finally, the results also showed that the levels of Cd and Pb in blood for this campaign (e.g. for Pb 8.6 and 14.8 μg/L in neonates and adolescents respectively) were lower compared to the first campaign (e.g. for Pb 14.7 and 21.7 μg/L in neonates and adolescents respectively), indicating a decrease over time. However, differences in sampling strategies might partially explain this observed trend.
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- 2014
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38. Monitoring chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in adolescents in Flanders (Belgium): Concentrations, trends and dose–effect relationships (FLEHS II)
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Adrian Covaci, Kim Croes, Elly Den Hond, Isabelle Sioen, Ilse Loots, Greet Schoeters, Willy Baeyens, Tara Vandermarken, Liesbeth Bruckers, Bert Morrens, Nicolas Van Larebeke, Vera Nelen, Ann Colles, Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, and Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry
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Male ,Thyroid Hormones ,Adolescent ,FLEHS II ,humaan biomonitoring ,Dioxins ,Body Mass Index ,dose-effect ,Toxicology ,Sociology ,Belgium ,sexual development ,Reference Values ,Environmental health ,Hypersensitivity ,Odds Ratio ,medicine ,Humans ,Biology ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Immunoassay ,Analysis of Variance ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,hormones ,Chemistry ,Confounding ,Odds ratio ,Environmental exposure ,Stepwise regression ,medicine.disease ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,Asthma ,Confidence interval ,Regression Analysis ,Animal allergy ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,chlorinated POPs ,Geometric mean ,Body mass index ,Biomarkers ,Gonadal Hormones ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Background: In 2007, the second cycle of the Flemish human biomonitoring survey started, with a main focus on 14–15 year-old adolescents. Objectives: The main objectives were generating reference values for exposure markers, determining the pollution pressure in industrial hotspots and establishing dose–effect relationships between exposure to pollutants and hormone levels, sexual development, asthma and allergy, genotoxic and hematological markers. Methods: Geometric means with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for a reference population of 200 14–15 year-old adolescents. Stepwise multiple regression analyses with correction for confounders and covariates were performed to establish dose–effect relationships. Results: Geometric mean concentrations (with 95% CI) of 49.6 (45.7, 53.8), 70.8 (63.6, 78.8) and 8.34 (7.76, 8.97) ng g−1 lipid for the sum of PCB 138, 153 and 180, p,p′-DDE and HCB were respectively 23%, 26% and 60% lower than those obtained five years earlier. Geometric mean concentrations of 108 (101, 114) and 32.1 (30.1, 34.2) pg CALUX-BEQ g−1 lipid were observed for the PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs, respectively. Multiple dose–effect relationships were observed between POPs and several effect markers, including positive (boys) and negative (girls) associations with data on sexual development and positive associations with asthma, animal allergy and free thyroxine (boys and girls). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that chlorinated POP concentrations are decreasing over time and that even relatively low concentrations are associated with biological effects. Keywords: Chlorinated POPs, FLEHS II, Dose–effect, Hormones, Human biomonitoring, Sexual development
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- 2014
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39. Determination of contamination pathways of phthalates in food products sold on the Belgian market
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Guido Vanermen, Mirja Van Holderbeke, Kelly Servaes, Tine Fierens, Lieve Geerts, Isabelle Sioen, and Stefaan De Henauw
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Dicyclohexyl phthalate ,Dietary exposure ,Phthalic Acids ,Phthalate ,Food Contamination ,Diisobutyl phthalate ,Contamination ,Diethyl phthalate ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Belgium ,chemistry ,Food products ,Food science ,Dimethyl phthalate ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
As numerous studies have indicated that food ingestion is the most important exposure pathway to several phthalates, this study aimed to determine possible contamination pathways of phthalates in food products sold on the Belgian market. To do this, concentrations of eight phthalates (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)) were determined in 591 foods and 30 packaging materials. In general, the four most prominent phthalates in Belgian food products were DEHP, DiBP, DnBP and BBP. Special attention was given to the origin of these phthalates in bread, since high phthalate concentrations (especially DEHP) were determined in this frequently consumed food product. Phthalates seemed to occur in Belgian bread samples due to the use of contaminated ingredients (i.e. use of contaminated flour) as well as due to migration from phthalate containing contact materials used during production (e.g. coated baking trays). Also the results of the conducted concentration profiles of apple, bread, salami and two cheese types revealed the important role of processing - and not packaging - on phthalate contents in foods.
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- 2014
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40. C-reactive protein reference percentiles among pre-adolescent children in Europe based on the IDEFICS study population
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Dénes Molnár, Wolfgang Ahrens, Timm Intemann, Licia Iacoviello, H. Schlenz, Michael Tornaritis, Annunziata Nappo, A Fraterman, Maike Wolters, Esther M. González-Gil, Staffan Mårild, Isabelle Sioen, and Toomas Veidebaum
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Male ,Pediatrics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,MARKERS ,Reference Values ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,ADOLESCENTS ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS ,Child ,Adiposity ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,DAY-CARE ,Age Factors ,Europe ,C-Reactive Protein ,Child, Preschool ,OBESITY ,Predictive value of tests ,Population study ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cohort study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Risk Assessment ,White People ,Sex Factors ,INFLAMMATION ,Predictive Value of Tests ,medicine ,Humans ,CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE ,education ,Life Style ,Inflammation ,OVERWEIGHT ,business.industry ,C-reactive protein ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,Obesity ,Diet ,Paediatrics ,Diagnostic markers ,BODY-MASS INDEX ,biology.protein ,REFERENCE INTERVALS ,business ,Body mass index ,Biomarkers - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: C-reactive protein (CRP) is involved in a wide range of diseases. It is a powerful marker for inflammatory processes used for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. We aimed to establish reference values as data on the distribution of serum CRP levels in young European children are scarce. SUBJECTS: Reference values of high-sensitivity CRP concentrations were calculated for 9855 children aged 2.0-10.9 years, stratified by age and sex. The children were recruited during the population-based European IDEFICS study (Identification and prevention of Dietary-and lifestyle-induced health Effects in Children and infantS) with 18 745 participants recruited from 2007 to 2010. RESULTS: In 44.1 % of the children, CRP values were below or equal the detection limit of 0.2 mg/l. Median CRP concentrations showed a slight negative age trend in boys and girls, whereas serum CRP values were slightly higher in girls than in boys across all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our population-based reference values of CRP may guide paediatric practice as elevated values may require further investigation or treatment. Therefore, the presented reference values represent a basis for clinical evaluation and for future research on risk assessment of diseases associated with increased CRP levels among children.
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- 2014
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41. Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and body composition at age 7–9 years
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Eva Govarts, Isabelle Sioen, Willy Baeyens, Jolijn Van Cauwenberghe, Vera Nelen, Elly Den Hond, Immle Delvaux, Greet Schoeters, Nicolas Van Larebeke, Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry, and Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,prenatal ,Waist ,Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene ,Birth weight ,Physiology ,Endocrine Disruptors ,Biochemistry ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Blood plasma ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass index ,Child ,Prenatal exposure ,General Environmental Science ,Chemistry ,Confounding ,Gestational age ,Circumference ,Endocrinology ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Body Composition ,Female ,Cadmium - Abstract
The study aim was to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the body composition of 7 to 9 year old Flemish children. The subjects were 114 Flemish children (50% boys) that took part in the first Flemish Environment and Health Study (2002–2006). Cadmium, PCBs, dioxins, p,p′-DDE and HCB were analysed in cord blood/plasma. When the child reached 7–9 years, height, weight, waist circumference and skinfolds were measured. Significant associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and indicators of body composition were only found in girls. After adjustment for confounders and covariates, a significant negative association was found in girls between prenatal cadmium exposure and weight, BMI and waist circumference (indicator of abdominal fat) and the sum of four skinfolds (indicator of subcutaneous fat). In contrast, a significant positive association (after adjustment for confounders/covariates) was found between prenatal p,p′-DDE exposure and waist circumference as well as waist/height ratio in girls (indicators of abdominal fat). No significant associations were found for prenatal PCBs, dioxins and HCB exposure after adjustment for confounders/covariates. This study suggests a positive association between prenatal p,p′-DDE exposure and indicators of abdominal fat and a negative association between prenatal cadmium exposure and indicators of both abdominal as well as subcutaneous fat in girls between 7 and 9 years old.
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- 2014
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42. Validity of 24-h recalls in (pre-)school aged children: Comparison of proxy-reported energy intakes with measured energy expenditure
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Claudia Börnhorst, Theodora Mouratidou, S. De Henauw, V. Pala, Iris Pigeot, Inge Huybrechts, L. A. Moreno, Lauren Lissner, M. Rayson, K.R. Westerterp, Vittorio Krogh, C. Ottavaere, M.I. Mesana, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Isabelle Sioen, Karin Bammann, Gabriele Eiben, RS: NUTRIM - HB/BW section B, Humane Biologie, and RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Metabolic Syndrome
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Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,DOUBLY-LABELED WATER ,BODY-COMPOSITION ,Doubly labeled water ,BETWEEN-SUBJECT ,CHILDHOOD ,Overweight ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Proxy (climate) ,VALIDATION ,Body Mass Index ,Belgium ,ADOLESCENTS ,Medicine ,Child ,Group level ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,HUMANS ,SUBJECT VARIATION ,Individual level ,Body Height ,Diet Records ,Nutrition Assessment ,Energy expenditure ,Child, Preschool ,OBESITY ,Mental Recall ,INFANCY ,Female ,Energy intakes ,Pre school ,Energy intake ,medicine.symptom ,Energy Metabolism ,business ,human activities ,Demography - Abstract
Background & aims: Little is known about the validity of repeated 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) as a measure of total energy intake (El) in young children. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of proxy-reported El by comparison with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique.Methods: The agreement between El and TEE was investigated in 36 (47.2% boys) children aged 4-10 years from Belgium and Spain using subgroup analyses and Bland-Altman plots. Low-energy-reporters (LER), adequate-energy-reporters (AER) and high-energy-reporters (HER) were defined from the ratio of El over TEE by application of age- and sex-specific cut-off values.Results: There was good agreement between means of El (1500 kcal/day) and TEE (1523 kcal/day) at group level though in single children, i.e. at the individual level, large differences were observed. Almost perfect agreement between El and TEE was observed in thin/normal weight children (EI: 1511 kcal/day; TEE: 1513 kcal/day). Even in overweight/obese children the mean difference between El and TEE was only 86 kcal/day. Among the participants, 28(78%) were classified as AER, five (14%) as HER and three (8%) as LER.Conclusion: Two proxy-reported 24-HDRs were found to be a valid instrument to assess El on group level but not on the individual level.
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- 2014
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43. Children's Sleep and Autonomic Function: Low Sleep Quality Has an Impact on Heart Rate Variability
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Els Clays, Nathalie Michels, Isabelle Sioen, Stefaan De Henauw, Barbara Vanaelst, and Marc De Buyzere
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Male ,Sleep Wake Disorders ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Supine position ,Cross-sectional study ,Children's Sleep and Autonomic Function ,Motor Activity ,Autonomic Nervous System ,Heart Rate ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Humans ,Heart rate variability ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Balance (ability) ,Actigraphy ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Autonomic nervous system ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Child, Preschool ,Cardiology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Sleep ,Psychology - Abstract
Objectives: Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality in children have been associated with concentration, problem behavior, and emotional instability, but recently also with disrupted autonomic nervous function, which predicts cardiovascular health. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used as noninvasive indicator of autonomic function to examine the influence of sleep. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal observational study on the effect of sleep on HRV Participants: Belgian children (5-11 years) of the ChiBS study in 2010 (N = 334) and 2011 (N = 293). Interventions: N/A. Methods: Sleep duration was reported and in a subgroup sleep quality (efficiency, latency, awakenings) was measured with accelerometry. High-frequency (HF) power and autonomic balance (LF/HF) were calculated on supine 5-minute HRV measurements. Stress was measured by emotion and problem behavior questionnaires. Sleep duration and quality were used as HRV predictors in corrected cross-sectional and longitudinal regressions. Stress was tested as mediator (intermediate pathway) or moderator (interaction) in sleep-HRV associations. Results: In both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, long sleep latency could predict lower HF (parasympathetic activity), while nocturnal awakenings, sleep latency, low sleep efficiency, and low corrected sleep duration were related to higher LF/HF (sympathetic/parasympathetic balance). Parental reported sleep duration was not associated with HRV. The significances remained after correction for stress. Stress was not a mediator, but a moderator (enhancer) in the relationship between sleep quality and HRV. Conclusions: Low sleep quality but not parent-reported low sleep duration leads to an unhealthier heart rate variability pattern (sympathetic over parasympathetic dominance). This stresses the importance of good sleep quality for cardiovascular health in children.
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- 2013
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44. Multimycotoxin analysis in urines to assess infant exposure: A case study in Cameroon
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Suquan Song, Emmanuel Njumbe Ediage, Isabelle Sioen, Sarah De Saeger, and José Diana Di Mavungu
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Male ,Ochratoxin A ,YOUNG-CHILDREN ,Aflatoxin ,Veterinary medicine ,Breastfeeding ,Weaned ,FUMONISIN B-1 ,Weaning ,Urine ,Fumonisins ,OCHRATOXIN-A ,Toxicology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,GAMBIAN CHILDREN ,Zeranol ,Humans ,Cameroon ,TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY ,Mycotoxin ,Children ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Fumonisin B1 ,FLUORESCENCE DETECTION ,AFLATOXIN EXPOSURE ,Infant ,food and beverages ,Infant exposure ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental exposure ,Mycotoxins ,PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY ,Ochratoxins ,Diet ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,MYCOTOXIN ANALYSIS ,Child, Preschool ,Aflatoxin M1 ,Carcinogens ,Female ,Trichothecenes ,HEPATITIS-B INFECTION ,Biomarkers - Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate mycotoxin exposure in children (n = 220, aged 1.5–4.5 years) from high mycotoxin contamination regions of Cameroon and to examine the association between the mycotoxin levels (in total 18 analytes) and several socio-demographic factors and anthropometric characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six villages in Cameroon with 220 children. Mycotoxins and their metabolites were detected in 160/220 (73%) urine samples.There were significant differences in the mean contamination levels of ochratoxin A (p = 0.01) and β-zearalenol (p = 0.017) between the two agro-ecological zones investigated. Likewise significant differences were observed in the mean levels of aflatoxin M1 (p = 0.001) across the weaning categories of these children. The mean concentration of aflatoxin M1 detected in the urine of the partially breastfed children (1.43 ng/mL) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than those of the fully weaned children (0.282 ng/mL).Meanwhile, the mean concentrations of deoxynivalenol (3.0 ng/mL) and fumonisin B1 (0.59 ng/mL) detected in the urine of the male children was significantly (p value 0.021 for deoxynivalenol and 0.004 for fumonisin B1) different from the levels detected in the urine of female children; 0.71 ng/mL and 0.01 ng/mL for deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B1 respectively. In this study, there was no association between the different malnutrition categories (stunted, wasting and underweight) and the mycotoxin concentrations detected in the urine of these children.However, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that children in Cameroon under the age 5 are exposed to high levels of carcinogenic substances such as fumonisin B1, aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A through breastfeeding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind carried out in West Africa to determine multi-mycotoxin exposure in infants. Keywords: Mycotoxins, Biomarkers, Children, Urine, Weaned, Breastfeeding
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- 2013
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45. Cortisone in hair of elementary school girls and its relationship with childhood stress
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Noellie Rivet, Dénes Molnár, Karin Bammann, Stefaan De Henauw, B. Vanaelst, Krishna Vyncke, Inge Huybrechts, Tineke De Vriendt, Isabelle Sioen, Nathalie Michels, and Jean-Sébastien Raul
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Coping (psychology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Anger ,Life Change Events ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Adaptation, Psychological ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychological testing ,Child ,media_common ,Psychological Tests ,business.industry ,Cortisone ,Sadness ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Happiness ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Anxiety ,Female ,Self Report ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Biomarkers ,Stress, Psychological ,Hair ,medicine.drug ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Children may be exposed to stressful situations with adverse effects on their physiological and psychological health. As cortisone may be a useful additional biomarker for stress research and as it has been shown to be detectable in human hair, this study measured physiological concentrations of hair cortisone in 223 elementary school girls and explored its relationship with child-reported estimates of stress, more specifically questionnaires on major life events (i.e., Coddington Life Events Scale for Children), emotions (i.e., anger, anxiety, sadness, and happiness), and coping strategies (i.e., emotion- versus problem-focused coping). Cortisone concentrations were positively correlated with the overall life event score for the past 6 months (rho = 0.223, p = 0.004), as well as with the negative event score for this period (rho = 0.227, p = 0.003; N = 165). Cortisone did not correlate with emotions or coping styles reported by the children. Conclusion: Despite its exploratory nature, this study may suggest elevated hair cortisone concentrations under psychosocial stress in young children. Although the observed findings should be interpreted with prudence, this study may encourage further research elucidating the potential importance and relevance of hair cortisone analysis as an additional or substituting stress biomarker for hair cortisol.
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- 2013
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46. Associations of Dietary Calcium, Vitamin D, Milk Intakes, and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D With Bone Mass in Spanish Adolescents: The HELENA Study
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Luis Gracia-Marco, Isabelle Sioen, Theodora Mouratidou, Kurt Widhalm, Marcela González-Gross, Inge Huybrechts, Luis A. Moreno, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez, and Jara Valtueña
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Male ,Calcium intakes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Health Behavior ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Bone Density ,Internal medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Vitamin D ,Child ,Dietary calcium ,Life Style ,Bone mineral ,Hydroxycholecalciferols ,business.industry ,Calcium, Dietary ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Spain ,Ergocalciferols ,Bone mineral content ,Female ,Health behavior ,business ,Bone mass - Abstract
Adequate nutrition is needed for the accrual of bone mass during the pre- and postpubertal growth periods. This study aimed to examine the associations between dietary calcium, vitamin D (calciferol), and milk intakes and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Spanish adolescents, aged 12.5-17.5 years, participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study (HELENA-CSS). Bone mass was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and diet via 2 nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls (n=227; 48% males). A random subsample of 101 adolescents (46% males) had available measures of 25(OH)D. Multiple linear regression was applied. Significant adjusted associations were observed in males, among milk intakes and BMC and BMD. Also in males, whole-body, head, and right arm BMD were positively related to calcium intakes. In females, 25(OH)D was positively related among others to whole-body, subtotal, and left and right arm BMC and BMD. It could be speculated that diet is not a limiting factor of bone mass development in this group of healthy adolescents, and further research on the effect of other factors in addition to diet in a larger sample should be undertaken.
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- 2013
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47. Transfer of eight phthalates through the milk chain — A case study
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M. Van Holderbeke, Isabelle Sioen, Hanny Willems, S. De Henauw, and Tine Fierens
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Dicyclohexyl phthalate ,Phthalic Acids ,Food Contamination ,Diethyl phthalate ,Milking ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Belgium ,Plasticizers ,Diethylhexyl Phthalate ,Animals ,Food science ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Phthalate ,Plasticizer ,Diisobutyl phthalate ,Contamination ,Dibutyl Phthalate ,Milk ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Cattle ,Environmental Pollutants ,Dairy Products ,Dimethyl phthalate - Abstract
This survey determined the levels of eight phthalates – i.e. dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) – in several Belgian milk and dairy products. Samples were obtained from various farms, a dairy factory and from different shops in order to investigate phthalate contamination “from farm to fork”. At several stages in the milk chain, product contamination with phthalates – mostly DiBP, DnBP, BzBP and DEHP – was observed. At farm level, the mechanical milking process and the intake of phthalate containing feed by the cattle were found to be possible contamination sources. At industry and retail level, contact materials including packaging materials were additional contamination sources for phthalates in milk and dairy products. Keywords: Phthalate, Food, Milk, Dairy products
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- 2013
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48. Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study
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Magdalena Cuenca-García, Christina Breidenassel, Marika Ferrari, Marcela González-Gross, Frédéric Gottrand, Isabelle Sioen, Sonia Gómez-Martínez, Anthony Kafatos, Yannis Manios, Kurt Widhalm, Luis A. Moreno, Mathilde Kersting, Jara Valtueña, Elena Azzini, Inge Huybrechts, Peter Stehle, Theodora Mouratidou, and Jean Dallongeville
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Health Behavior ,Physical fitness ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,vitamin D deficiency ,Body Mass Index ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,Bayesian multivariate linear regression ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Humans ,Micronutrients ,Range of Motion, Articular ,Vitamin D ,Vitamin A ,25(OH)D concentrations ,Life Style ,Determinants ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Hand Strength ,business.industry ,Retinol ,Vitamin D Deficiency ,medicine.disease ,Micronutrient ,Obesity ,Insufficiency ,Europe ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,chemistry ,Physical Fitness ,Dietary Supplements ,Multivariate Analysis ,Body Composition ,Linear Models ,Female ,adolescence ,Seasons ,Sleep ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
11 páginas, 2 figuras, 3 tablas..-Valtueña, J.,Moreno, L.A, et al., Evidence indicates low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(25(OH)D] concentrations in European adolescents. Identification of potential determinants is therefore essential to guide public health initiatives aiming at optimizing vitamin D status across Europe. The aim of the study was to identify potential influencing factors of 25(OH)D concentrations in European adolescents aged 12.5 to 17.5 y, participating in the multi-centre cross-sectional Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. A subset of 1,006 participants (46.8% males) was drawn from the main study. Measures of body composition, biochemical markers, socioeconomic status, dietary intake, physical activity, fitness, sleep time and vitamin D genetic polymorphism (rs1544410) were assessed. Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted stratified by gender. In males, linear regression of 25(OH)D, suggested that (1) winter season (β= -0.364; p
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- 2013
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49. Metabolic targets of endocrine disrupting chemicals assessed by cord blood transcriptome profiling
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Willy Baeyens, Kim Croes, Isabelle Sioen, Janna G. Koppe, Elly Den Hond, Britt Wens, Sylvie Remy, Eva Govarts, Nicolas Van Larebeke, Greet Schoeters, Patrick De Boever, Adrian Covaci, Juliette Legler, Vera Nelen, Thomas Schettgen, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Chemistry, and Vriendenkring VUB
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Metabolic disorders ,Fetal Blood/chemistry ,Glucocorticoid receptor ,Endocrine Disruptors ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Transcriptome ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Belgium ,Pregnancy ,Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ,Endocrine disrupting chemicals ,Fluorocarbons ,biology ,Pharmacology. Therapy ,Cord blood ,Fetal Blood ,3. Good health ,Metals, Heavy/blood ,Chemistry ,Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene ,Perfluorooctanoic acid ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Birth cohort ,Environmental Monitoring ,Endocrine Disruptors/blood ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Environmental Pollutants/blood ,Phthalic Acids ,Arsenic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fluorocarbons/blood ,Metals, Heavy ,Internal medicine ,Progesterone receptor ,medicine ,Humans ,Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/blood ,Transcriptomics ,Biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Infant, Newborn ,Arsenic/blood ,Insulin receptor ,Perfluorooctane ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Phthalic Acids/blood ,biology.protein - Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been frequently associated with impaired perinatal growth, an important risk factor for later onset of metabolic disorders. We analyzed whether the cord blood transcriptome showed early indications of alterations in metabolic processes in 195 human samples in relation to cord blood levels of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE), polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Overall, 39 metabolically relevant transcription factors were significantly enriched (31 by p,p′-DDE, 10 by PCB-153, 8 by PFOA, and 2 by PFOS). These included the glucocorticoid receptor (p,p′-DDE and PCB-153) and the progesterone receptor (PFOA and PFOS). The ‘insulin receptor signaling’, ‘acute phase response signaling’, ‘Interleukin(IL)-6 signaling’, and ‘prolactin signaling’ pathways were significantly enriched in relation to p,p′-DDE. Transcriptional changes at birth suggest a role for specific metabolic targets as a link between prenatal EDC exposure and metabolic disorders later in life. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
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- 2016
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50. Urinary t,t-muconic acid as a proxy-biomarker of car exhaust and neurobehavioral performance in 15-year olds
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Harry Roels, Mineke K. Viaene, Nelly D. Saenen, Michal Kicinski, Isabelle Sioen, Greet Schoeters, Michelle Plusquin, Tim S. Nawrot, Willy R. G. Baeyens, Elly Den Hond, and Liesbeth Bruckers
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Muconic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Environmental health ,Urinary system ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,Biomarker (medicine) ,business ,Proxy (statistics) ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Introduction: Traffic-related air pollution has been shown to induce neurotoxicity in rodents. Several recent epidemiological studies reported negative associations between residential outdoor air ...
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- 2016
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