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To assess associations of hyperglycemia in pregnancy with the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in a prospective cohort of Indigenous and non-Indigenous women, compared with normoglycemia.Data were from 1102 (48% Indigenous) women of the Pregnancy And Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes in Remote Australia (PANDORA) Study. Age-adjusted associations of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obstetric and demographic covariables with PPH (blood loss ≥500 ml) were assessed using logistic regression. Multivariable-adjusted models included Indigenous ethnicity, diabetes type and their interaction.A higher proportion of Indigenous women developed PPH than non-Indigenous women (32% versus 22%; P 0.001). Compared with non-Indigenous women with normoglycemia, risks of PPH for Indigenous women with GDM or T2DM were higher (odds ratio [OR] 1.83, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.11-3.02, and OR 1.72, 95% CI 0.99-3.00 after age adjustment, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.06-3.19, and OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.70-2.54 after adjustment for school education and delivery mode, and OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.95-2.77, and OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.53-1.86 after adjustment for birth weight). Importantly, Indigenous women without hyperglycemia in pregnancy were not at increased risk of PPH.The significantly higher rates of PPH experienced by Indigenous women compared with non-Indigenous women may be explained by a greater effect of GDM among Indigenous women that was only partly accounted for by birth weight.

Background. P olycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine condition affecting women across the lifespan. Diagnosis experience may impact on physical and emo- tional well-being and engagement with evidence-based management and treatment. Objective. T o explore the perceived experience of PCOS diagnosis, prior to development of an evidence-based guideline for PCOS assessment and management. Methods. Cross-sectional study , involving devised questionnaires completed by a national, community-based sample of 210 women with a previous medical diagnosis of PCOS, aged 18-45 years, in Australia. Main outcome measures included time to diagnosis, number of health professionals seen and information provision. Results. Mean age (± standard deviation) w as 31 (±5.8) years and median body mass index (interquartile range) was 30 (12) kg/m 2 . For 24% of women, PCOS diagnosis took >2 years and 39% saw three or more health professionals before diagnosis was made. The majority (60%) reported they were not given or referred to information sources at time of diagnosis, 20% reported receiving information and 20% were given information but felt it was inadequate. Of those who reported provision of information at diagnosis, 62% felt dissatisfied with or indiffer - ent to information provided about PCOS, 79% reported being provided with information about lifestyle management, 89% reported being provided with information about medical therapy, 83% about long-term complications and 95% about potential infertility. Conclusions. PCOS diagnosis experience can be length y, involve many health professionals and leave unmet information needs. The current findings inform the need for evidence-based PCOS resources for women and health professionals.