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This article examines the conditions that led the Argentine armed group Montoneros to establish a nursery in Cuba, in 1979, to care for the children of exiled members who had decided to return to the country to fight against a dictatorial regime characterised by the crime of enforced disappearance and supported by continental and global alliances. The analysis focuses on the dilemmas children posed for militants and the organisation and how those concerns were in part addressed by setting up a facility to care for the children. The article then considers how that childcare effort by the Montoneros connected with Cuba's internationalist and refugee policies and with continental struggles, as well as looking at how the children involved experienced it. This reconstruction offers a new approach to thinking about political conflicts in the heated Cold War scenario in Latin America, through the lens of children's history and by exploring how love and politics are intertwined.

This interview of Gregory Randall offers a lens onto a transnational life experience, including that of international refugees in Cuba. Randall was born in New York in 1960. He spent his early childhood in Mexico and arrived in Cuba in 1970, where he remained until the 1980s. In this interview, Randall reflects on Cuban policies toward women, homosexuality, and youth. He also analyzes his own family’s experience, characterized by a strong commitment to reflecting the Cuban Revolution in its own social relations and its ways of living and loving. The interview provides a unique perspective on these challenges and on Cuban history, shaped by Randall’s particular position in that historical process. Unmoored from national frameworks, his subjectivity is anchored in a transnational Left sensibility. He belongs to a generation of children of the revolution, part of Socialist Cuba as children and teenagers, and belonging to Left and internationalist families.

This essay opens new perspectives on the Cuban Revolution by considering its global impact through the lens of gender and sexuality. This framework provides important new insights into the rise of the New Left and the anticommunist Right by centering ideas of gender, sexuality, and the family. Locating the Cuban Revolution alongside other contemporary struggles against racism and imperialism, the essay argues that gender and sexuality were crucial terrains of struggle that demonstrate the complexity of the Cold War in the Global South. Moreover, this point of view challenges long-standing perceptions of revolutionary Cuba as “isolated” by showing how the island precipitated and was embedded in transnational networks and flows of people and ideas, including solidarity campaigns, military missions, and forms of cultural diplomacy.

Reseña bibliográfica de: Sexualidades adolescentes. Amor, placer y control en la Argentina contemporánea. Daniel Jones. Buenos Aires, clacso-Ediciones Ciccus, 2010.

The 1960s in Argentina was a time convulsed by profound social, cultural, and political changes. Reflecting on the effect these processes had on the everyday, conceived as the spaces and routines involved in the reproduction of life that vary according to social class, generation, and gender, provides a valuable perspective for studying historical phenomena. It gives substance to and evidences the social nature of personal experience. Through that prism, the study of everyday life will be the gateway to understanding the turbulence produced by cultural effervescence, growing consumerism, the expansion of the media, the problems triggered by economic instability and escalating inflation, and the ruptures caused by political and social radicalization and the rise of repressive violence.

In the 1970s, left-wing guerrilla organizations in Argentina penalized infidelity, glorified monogamy and condemned sexual freedom as a petit-bourgeois deviation that delayed the revolution. This reveals the limited scope of the changes in sexual morality proposed by these revolutionary groups, as pointed out in various studies. Instead of elaborating on these studies, this article will take a different approach. Infidelity will be seen here as a particularly significant node representing the connection between the private and political worlds and between sentimental and political loyalties, a node where conflicting ways of understanding morals, relationships and sexuality converged. To do that, the debate on infidelity will be reconsidered from two perspectives: within revolutionary organizations and outside them. The analysis will shed light on the dilemmas that armed groups and their activists faced with respect to infidelity against a backdrop of redefining moral duplicity, family values and gender differences in Argentine society. Fil: Cosse Larghero, Isabella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

La comprensión de los cambios en las costumbres, los modelos familiares y la moral sexual requiere pensar estrategias y enfoques de investigación que discutan los antecedentes para Estados Unidos y Europa en función de las especificidades del caso argentino y que, de ese modo, contribuyan a entender las peculiaridades del proceso de cambio en estas latitudes y aporten a una perspectiva latinoamericana. Con esa intención, este artículo analiza dos problemas. En primer término, se plantea que las interpretaciones sobre el proceso argentino han estado marcadas por una comparación implícita o explícita con el proceso en Estados Unidos y Europa, discutiéndose los efectos de esta perspectiva. En segundo lugar se analiza la importancia del peso de los actores tradicionalistas y el carácter moderado de la ruptura en la moral sexual en la Argentina de los años 60. El examen de estos problemas pone de relieve los rasgos peculiares y distintivos de las transformaciones en la Argentina y, de este modo, ofrece un insumo para avanzar en la formulación de marcos interpretativos para comprender los cambios que en los últimos treinta años han modificado radicalmente las formas de vivir en familia. The analysis of the changes in the customs, the family models and the sexual morality in the Argentina of the 60s needs to think research strategies and approaches to discuss the interpretations for the United States and European countries depending on the specificities of the Argentine case. This position helps to understand the peculiarities of the process of change in these latitudes and to find a Latin American perspective. With this goal, this article analyse two problems. First, I explain that Argentine process has been marked by an implicit or explicit comparison with the process in The United States and Europe and I discuss the effects of this perspective. Secondly, I analysis the importance of the traditionalist actors and I describe the moderate character of the break in the sexual morality in the Argentina of the 60s. This examination shows the peculiar and distinctive features of the changes in the Argentina. Thus, it offers an input to advance in the formulation of interpretive frames to understand the changes that in the last thirty years have modified radically the ways of living in family.

This article examines how mothers and fathers in Argentina dealt with the shift in child-rearing paradigm that occurred in the 1960s, drawing on the views of the parents themselves. The analysis is based on 1,100 questions posed by audiences in a series of conferences delivered by two renowned experts in the field, who championed the new parenting paradigm that advocated the psychologization of childcare. It also makes use of other sources, including books, articles, reports, and letters. On the one hand, the study reveals the complexity of the cultural change that affected ideas on child-rearing and family relations during that period. On the other, it shows that parents were key actors in this process and that they acted based on their own interpretations and experiences.

En este articulo se analizan las formas de medir y pensar la filiacion ilegitima desde el angulo de la produccion estadistica durante la primera mitad del siglo XX en Argentina. La intencion es comprender los esquemas ideologicos y conceptuales utilizados para observar las dinamicas familiares situadas en los margenes o por fuera de los marcos normativos juridicos y religiosos y, por contraste, aquellos referidos al modelo de familia ideal. Para ello en la primera parte se estudia el tratamiento de los nacimientos ilegitimos en los censos nacionales y las estadisticas vitales. A continuacion se abordan las ideas de Alejandro Bunge y Gino Germani, quienes articularon la agenda de problemas relativos a la poblacion en Argentina en buena parte del siglo XX. El estudio mostrara que el sistema estadistico presto escasa atencion a la natalidad ilegitima. Esto, segun se explica, fue el fruto, en el marco del lento proceso de consolidacion del Estado y del sistema estadistico, de la impronta de la vision normativa de la familia y de la prioridad otorgada a los fenomenos de la inmigracion y del descenso de la fecundidad en las preocupaciones de las elites intelectuales y politicas acerca de la poblacion.

In this article I reconstruct the history of Mafalda, the famous comic strip by the Argentine cartoonist Quino that was read, discussed, and viewed as an emblematic representation of Argentina’s middle class. With the aim of contributing to discussions on the interpretation of the middle class in Argentina and Latin America, I examine the emergence, circulation, and sociopolitical significance of the comic from its first strips in 1964 until Quino stopped producing new installments in 1973, making use of two conceptual and methodological approaches: a perspective situated at the intersection of the everyday and the political, as well as a consideration of humor as a way of exploring social identities. I argue first that Mafalda’s ironic and conceptual humor worked with the contradictions of the middle class as it faced social modernization, cultural and political radicalization, and a weakening democracy. Second, I suggest that the strip contributed to a representation of a heterogeneous middle class marked by ideological differences but nonetheless conceived as one. Third, I claim that such a representation lost its relevance with the political polarization and violence of the 1970s, as portraying a middle class—or a society—united despite differences was no longer feasible in that context. To illustrate this, the article closes by noting that, shortly after Mafalda was discontinued, state terrorism would brutally demonstrate just how little space there was in Argentina for the young, antiestablishment generation depicted in the strip. Fil: Cosse Larghero, Isabella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

El período de la posguerra se ha caracterizado por el vigor del impulso familiarista. En la Argentina éste ha sido estudiado a partir de los discursos, las políticas y las regulaciones, en función de entender las políticas públicas y las especificidades del peronismo. Pero la comprensión de esta dimensión política e institucional del impulso familiarista requiere contar con un conocimiento detallado de los patrones de comportamiento que demarcaban la normatividad social en la vida cotidiana. Justamente, este artículo describe el modelo conyugal a mediados del siglo XX con intenciones de conocer las convenciones sociales, entendidas como las pautas de conducta y los sistemas de significados, que constituían el marco de la experiencia individual. Esta descripción está organizada a partir de tres aspectos concretos del modelo conyugal: la elección matrimonial, la importancia del estado conyugal para la identidad adulta y las expectativas depositadas en el matrimonio. Para este análisis se utilizan expresiones culturales de los medios de comunicación, como las revistas y la radio, fuentes que han sido aún poco explotadas pero que resultan de especial riqueza para aproximarse al universo cultural y las convenciones con las que interpela al público masivo. Estas fuentes se articulan con otras más transitadas como estadísticas, discursos, códigos de comportamientos, memorias, etc., The post-war period has been characterized by the vigor of the "familiarista" impulse. In Argentina, this (one) has been studied from the discourses, the policies and the regulations, in order to understand the public policies and the specificities of Peronism. But the understanding of this political and institutional dimension of the "familiarista" impulse requires counting on a detailed knowledge of the behaviour patterns that demarcated the social standardisation of daily life. Precesely, this article describes the conjugal model in the middle of the XX century. The intention is to know the social conventions, understood as behavioural patterns and systems of meanings, which formed the framework of individual experience. This description is organized from three concrete aspects of the conjugal model: the married election, the importance of the conjugal state for the adult identity and the expectations for marriage. For this analysis, we use cultural expressions from mass media, such as magazines and the radio. This corpus which have been little exploit so far but which are of special wealth to focus on the cultural universe and the conventions with which it involves the massive public. These historical documents are articulated with others such as statistics, speeches, codes of behaviours, memories, etc., Departamento de Historia

La certeza de que los años sesenta conmovieron los más variados planos de la vida personal y colectiva abre la controversia sobre el significado de los cambios, un problema de especial entidad en relación a la moral sexual. Con intenciones de avanzar en esa dirección, este artículo analiza los cambios en la normatividad social en Buenos Aires en función de tres aspectos: el tratamiento público de la sexualidad, la virginidad femenina y las relaciones sexuales pre y no matrimoniales. El estudio está basado en fuentes de circulación pública y masiva y en las herramientas metodológicas de la historia cultural y de los estudios de género. En función de dicho análisis se propone pensar el proceso de cambio como una revolución discreta. Esta conceptualización permite comprender de un modo diferente las ambigüedades de las transformaciones al considerarlas dinámicas intrínsecas a los cambios culturales que definieron la época.