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This study sought to identify and quantify the trampling of carcasses of animals along the highways in the northwest region of the state of Paraná and for this it was necessary the support of the Environmental Police of Paraná, where animals carcasses were collected along the highways BR-376, PR-082, PR-151, PR-180, PR-182, PR-323, PR-486, PR-489, PR-490, PR-151 and PR-518. After the receipt of the specimens, the identification was carried out through the external morphology according to the taxonomic classification, then, were realized the dissection and autopsy. Roadkill of 50 specimens were recorded, being 10 birds, seven reptiles and 33 mammals. With the identification of the animals species run over in this study, it is possible to conclude that the construction of highways and the intense traffic of cars and trucks have caused significant environmental problems because it is necessary to deforest areas rich in flora and fauna to their construction and with this situation there is change in the migratory routes of animals and food behavior change that significantly increases the chances of a roadkill and the animals come to death. Studies like this one, are required to submit the environmental impacts (environment and wild animals) that the constructions or even the increase of highways cause on flora, fauna, and also for the environment itself to be proposed before the work plan with measures that aim to reduce these impacts.

Horses can contribute to the spread of bacterial diseases, which can be caused mainly by, Staphylococcus spp., which are part of the animals’ commensal microbiota, but it is also considered a pathogenic microorganism capable of causing serious infections. vancomycin, when it is resistant to methicillin. Antimicrobial resistance is considered a major health problem by the World Health Organization and the emergence of the mecA gene, responsible for resistance to the class of beta-lactam antibiotics. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile and the presence of the mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nasal, oral and auricular microbiota of horses used as animal traction on small family farms. Nasal, oral and auricular swabs were collected from 38 horses, with 29 (76.3%) isolated in nasal swab, 15 (39.4%) in auricular swab and 9 (23.6%) in oral swab, totaling 53 Staphylococcus spp. and 50 (94.33%) samples were resistant to the 11 antimicrobials tested, none of which were positive for molecular tests to identify the mecA gene. The results demonstrate the presence of Staphylococcus spp. associated with high (94.33%) bacterial resistance, indicating that horses can be considered reservoirs of multi-resistant microorganisms.

The aim of this study was to verify the bacterial resistance profile and detect the presence of mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nasal microbiota of domiciled dogs. For this purpose 100 nasal swabs from 100 domiciled dogs were collected from the central area of the city of Umuarama (PR), along with a questionnaire answered by their owners. After the isolation all Staphylococcus spp. isolates were submitted to the diffusion disc test by the Kirby-Bauer method, and only oxacillin-resistant samples were submitted to the PCR technique to search for the mecA gene and the results were then submitted to statistical analysis to verify possible risk variables. The 100 Staphylococcus spp. and coagulase negative, among which 41 isolates were resistant to oxacillin, no samples were positive for the mecA gene presence, however, 12 resistant to vancomycin were found. It can be concluded that the domiciled dogs are carriers of Staphylococcus spp. multiresistant, being these a possible source of human contamination.

In December 2019, a new coronavirus originating from the city of Wuhan in China started an epidemic that brought many countries into chaos and despair. SARS-CoV-2, as identified, gave rise to the severe acute respiratory syndrome called COVID-19. Its transmission happens through droplets of saliva, hand or contaminated surfaces. Since its discovery, COVID-19 has led many to death, therefore, researchers from around the world have joined efforts to develop strategies to contain the virus. In this race, drugs such as Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine have become possible options for showing an antiviral effect, however, studies contest their efficiency, generating uncertainties. Therefore, other alternatives have been investigated in this context, and the study of medicinal plants has been the target of research for the treatment of COVID-19 in search of bioactive natural products that can exert an antiviral action. The study aimed to analyze the published literature on COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and its relationship with medicinal plants. Bibliographical survey. So far, no specific treatment against the disease has been found, only supportive, with drugs that aim to improve the individual's immune system and ensure that the virus does not replicate, for example, there are options such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir and convalescent plasma. On the other hand, studies have revealed that medicinal plants such as garlic, among others, showed efficiency in modulating proteins with a view to preventing viral replication and improving immunity against COVID-19. So far, there are no drugs that are completely safe and have been shown to have activity against the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). However, medicinal plants can contribute to the development of specific therapies against SARS-CoV-2 in a safe and effective way.

The genus Bauhinia popularly known as “pata-de-vaca”, “unha de vaca”, “unha de boi”, “unha de anta” e “casco de vaca” is widely used in the form of teas and other herbal preparations. The aim of this literature review was to show the diversity and biological potential of Bauhinia species for health promotion. A search was carried out for articles listing some species of medical interest. The pharmacological activities of B. forficata were also highlighted in articles published in the last twenty years using the PubMed database. Research has shown that Bauhinia is used as a hypoglycemic and antidiabetic agent, diuretic, cholesterol reducer, in the treatment of cystitis, intestinal parasites, elephantiasis, tumors and other ailments, including infections and painful processes. In the last eleven years, 86% of the works carried out with B. forficata used the plant collected or acquired in Brazil, predominantly publications from the southern region of the country where almost 60% reported activity on diabetes and its complications and/or antioxidant effect. Despite the literature pointing out the great medicinal potential of Bauhinia in chronic diseases and their complications, there is still a need for more translational research.

Bacteria that are resistant to several antibiotics are a serious One Health problem, as new alternatives for treatment do not appear at the same speed. Thus, the aim of this work was to carry out a survey of studies involving the activity of the essential oil of O. vulgare and its isolated compound carvacrol on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To this end, a qualitative review of the literature was carried out in the PubMed database from 2015 to 2020. Both for the essential oil and for the isolated compound, the inhibitory action extends to strains often associated with difficult-to-treat infections such as oxacillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ?-lactamase-producing strains, carbapenemases, among others. The point that distinguishes the studies is the type of methodology used in the tests, with studies with carvacrol more directed towards mechanisms of molecular action and application in cells and animals, while those with oils are more preliminary. Although these substances have potential to control resistant bacteria, more research is needed to enable their use.

Microorganisms can interfere with meat quality, being a public health problem. The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from utensils of a bovine slaughterhouse and to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary). Samples of surfaces and utensils used during slaughter in the northwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil were collected. After isolation and differentiation of the isolates by the coagulase test, the antimicrobial susceptibility test, Staphylococcus aureus identification and mecA gene research were performed. The study for biofilm production was carried out by the method of adhesion in borosilicate tube and by adhesion in polystyrene plate. Subsequently, the inhibitory activity of the R. officinalis essential oil and its ability to inhibit biofilm were investigated. Twenty-two of the samples collected were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and five as coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. There was resistance to all antibiotics tested, with clindamycin (33.33%) and rifampicin (29.6%) showing the highest rate. None of the samples was confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus or for the presence of the mecA resistance gene. The essential oil inhibited the growth of 48% of the isolates at a concentration of 16,000 µg/mL. Of these isolates, 33% were positive for biofilm production and this biofilm was also inhibited by the essential oil. This work revealed that multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus and biofilm producers are present in the slaughter environment and are susceptible to the essential oil of R. officinalis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and carry out epidemiology using sociodemographic data from patients with symptoms suggestive of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (SARS-CoV-2) in 3 bordering Brazilian municipalities. Methods: An epidemiological survey of positive cases of COVID-19 through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out in 1874 patients, seen in the Unified Health System (SUS), ages between 0 and 99 years, who had symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, from the cities of Assis Chateaubriand, Tupãssi, and Formosa do Oeste. Results: It was possible to observe that of the 1874 patients seen in the public health network of the 3 municipalities, 354 were diagnosed as positive. The predominance of cases was in female patients (51.97%) and in patients who lived in urban areas (93.50%), and the predominant age group was 20–29 years (19.78%). Conclusion: The result of this study demonstrated the epidemiological profile of patients with respiratory and flu-like symptoms, positive for COVID-19, in 3 municipalities bordering Paraguay and Argentina. It was evident that the age group has its specificities regarding the susceptibility of the infection. Although the borders are closed, there was probably a spread of the virus in this region, due to the diversion, which showed an increase during the pandemic period.

Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been widely used for hundreds of years, whether for its analgesic, antipyretic, or antimicrobial potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition and the ranges of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of aqueous rhizome and leaf extracts of Z. officinale and synergism of these extracts with antibiotics against six isolates of Staphylococcus spp. The chemical composition of the crude extract from the rhizome of Z. officinale cultivated in the region of Umuarama (Brazil) was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer and detected Zingerone (47.65%), α-Zingiberene (14.92%), β-Sesquiphellandrene- (6.16%), α-Curcumene (4.49%), Methyl 10-trans, 12-cis-octadecadienoate (4.42) and Gingerol (4.37). Six samples of Staphylococcus spp. from Veterinary Students’ nasal swabs were collected for antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The antibacterial activities of the aqueous extracts of ginger rhizome and leaves were evaluated with broth microdilution, and then synergism of the rhizome extract with the antimicrobials was verified to calculate the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). All the Staphylococcus spp. samples showed resistance to ampicillin and penicillin, 66.67% to erythromycin, and 33.33% to tetracycline. The MIC90% of each extract was estimated to be 235 mg/mL and 13.27 mg/mL for the leaf and rhizome, respectively. With the aqueous leaf extract, none of the samples presented MBC within the studied concentration range. On the other hand, the MBC obtained by the aqueous rhizome extract was 7.81 mg/mL for 50% of the samples. Calculation of the FICI showed that ½ MIC yielded the best result, with two synergistic relationships when combined with ampicillin. This research shows a potential use for the aqueous extract of ginger as an alternative or auxiliary therapy against resistant microorganisms

The objective of this research was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from items related to hygiene and antisepsis, equipment, and instruments used in different hospital wards. Bacterial isolation and identification, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility assays, mecA gene detection, and multiple antimicrobial resistance index analysis were performed. In total, 105 bacteria were isolated from 138 items. Of these, 49.52% bacteria were collected from instruments, 43.80% from equipment, and 6.66% from items related to hygiene and antisepsis. All gram-positive bacteria (88 isolates) were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Five species of gram-negative bacilli (17 isolates) were isolated, and the prevalence of Enterobacter agglomerans (29.41%), Escherichia coli (11.76%), and Serratia liquefaciens (11.76%) was high. Antimicrobial resistance was reported for 93.33% of the isolates. Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to sulfazotrim (88.64%) and penicillin (82.95%), while gram-negative bacteria showed resistance to sulfazotrim (70.59%) and ampicillin (64.71%). Analysis of multiple antibiotic resistance index showed that 73.33% of the isolates were a high risk to public health. The mecA gene was detected in 23 (71.88%) isolates. The evaluation of microorganisms isolated in the hospital environment revealed their high multidrug resistance index. Thus our study presses the need to pay more attention to the cleanliness of frequently used instruments, which may be potential sources of infections.

Introducao: Leptospirose e dengue sao doencas infecciosas caracteristicas de regioes de clima tropical e subtropical, agravadas pela falta de desenvolvimento socioeconomico e carencia de saneamento basico, o que favorecem o contato humano com seus agentes patogenicos presentes no ambiente. O diagnostico clinico diferencial da leptospirose e dengue e frequentemente confundido, pois ambas as infeccoes apresentam um quadro sintomatico semelhante. Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento e avaliacao de casos de dengue e leptospirose notificados no Sistema de Informacao de Agravos e Notificacao (SINAN), de um municipio de regiao fronteirica do Brasil. Material e Metodos: No periodo 2014 a 2019 foi realizado um levantamento epidemiologico dos casos de dengue e leptospirose a partir de dados obtidos no SINAN e na Secretaria Municipal de Saude do municipio de Assis Chateaubriand, Parana. Resultados: foram realizados 896 exames, entretanto foram confirmados 289 casos de Dengue. Desses, 42,57% eram homens e 57,43% mulheres, 92,73% residem na area urbana, 7,27% na area rural, com idades de 01 dia a 81 anos. Para leptospirose, foram realizados 08 exames, entretanto 37,95 % casos foram notificados. Quanto ao sexo, 100% eram homens e 100% residem na area urbana, com idades variando de 40 a 65 anos. Conclusao: Os resultados obtidos demonstraram um aumento nos casos de dengue em 2015 e 2016, em decorrencia de outras epidemias ocasionadas por agentes transportados pelo vetor Aedes Aegypti , sugerindo uma subnotificacao de casos em anos anteriores, ja o baixo numero de diagnosticos de leptospirose no periodo avaliado, sugere uma subnotificacao dos casos, explicada pelo desinteresse e desconhecimento da patologia no municipio de regiao fronteirica, uma vez que o mesmo apresenta condicoes propicias para o desenvolvimento de ambas as doencas.

Milk and its derivatives are highly consumed foods worldwide, with recognized nutritional importance. The search for the production of products with superior quality is constant. For the present work, 26 milk-producing properties were selected, with a total of 506 milk samples collected during the period from October 2019 to May 2020 being evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of milk produced in dairy properties in the region west Paraná, classified as good or bad based on the results of the Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and through sampling (n = 10) to evaluate the resistance profile of enterobacteria and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk samples, in addition to the presence of the mecA gene in strains of Staphylococcus spp. resistant to oxacillin. There were significant differences between the good and bad properties for the levels of lactose, SCC (cell/mL), and Standard Plate Count (SPC) (CFU/mL). The strains of Staphylococcus spp. showed differences in the percentage of resistance in relation to the good and bad properties for antibiotics: tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, amikacin, clindamycin, gentamycin, and erythromycin. The mecA gene was not detected in any of the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates that showed resistance to oxacillin. For enterobacteria, the isolated species differed in relation to the classification of properties, with predominance for Escherichia coli (40%) for properties classified as bad and Hafnia alvei (40%) for those classified as good. The percentage of antibiotic resistance compared to enterobacteria isolates was higher in properties classified as good. Monitoring through microbial culture and antibiogram is extremely important, favoring the correct choice for the treatment of animals with a reduced selection of resistant strains. O leite e seus derivados são alimentos altamente consumidos em todo mundo, com importância nutricional reconhecida. A busca pela produção de produtos com qualidade superior é constante. Para o presente trabalho foram selecionadas 26 propriedades produtoras de leite, sendo avaliado um total de 506 amostras de leite colhidas durante o período de outubro de 2019 a maio de 2020. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do leite produzido em propriedades leiteiras da região oeste do Paraná, classificadas como boas ou ruins com base nos resultados da Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) e por meio de amostragem (n=10) avaliar o perfil de resistência das enterobactérias e Staphylococcus spp. isolados das amostras de leite, além da presença do gene mecA em cepas de Staphylococcus spp. resistentes à oxacilina. Houve diferenças significativas entre as propriedades boas e ruins para os teores de lactose, CCS (cél./mL) e Contagem Padrão em Placas (CPP) (UFC/mL). As cepas de Staphylococcus spp. apresentaram diferenças no percentual de resistência em relação às propriedades boas e ruins para os antibióticos: tetraciclina, ciprofloxacina, oxacilina, amicacina, clindamicina, gentamicina e eritromicina. Não foi detectada a presença do gene mecA em nenhum dos isolados de Staphylococcus coagulase negativa que apresentaram perfil de resistência à oxacilina. Para as enterobactérias as espécies isoladas diferiram em relação à classificação das propriedades, com predomínio para Escherichia coli (40%) para as propriedades classificadas como ruins e Hafnia alvei (40%) para as classificadas como boas. O percentual de resistência aos antibióticos frente aos isolados de enterobactérias foi maior nas propriedades classificadas como boas. É extremamente importante o monitoramento por meio de cultura microbiana e antibiograma, favorecendo a correta escolha para o tratamento dos animais com redução da seleção de cepas resistentes.

The reproductive efficiency of livestock is the basis for the success of livestock, dairy or beef, and having high reproductive performance depends on several factors within the production system and the presence of infectious diseases of the reproductive sphere in the herd is one of the factors that can compromise that efficiency. The aim of this study was to use molecular biology as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Leptospira spp. DNA in cows with reproductive disorders on a rural property in the municipality of Boca do Acre, Amazonas, Brazil. Vaginal mucus was collected from nine Nelore breeding cows with a history of abortion and birth of weak calves submitted to DNA extraction and nested-PCR technique for 16S gene amplification at the bacterial genus level. Of the nine samples analyzed, five (55.55%) amplified a product of 331bp. The municipality of Boca do Acre is bordered by Peru and Bolivia, and knowledge of the prevalence of the disease, serovars, and circulating Leptospira species is essential for the adoption of measures related to animal husbandry, as well as health education for ranchers and their workers to avoid a possible occupational infection since this disease is considered an important zoonosis. New molecular studies using primers that allow the identification of the Leptospira species and mainly pathogenic species should be conducted in this region in order to elucidate the possible species of this etiological agent and the possible reservoirs of the disease to begin the understanding of the epidemiology of this disease in cattle in this region of border.

Leptospirosis is an important infectious disease, which can generate large economic losses, especially in the dairy herd. The pathogen that causes this disease may have its entry in Brazilian herds...

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Leishmania sp. DNA and anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in free-ranging Sapajus nigritus from an urban forest located in a city in the North Central region of the state of Parana. For the indirect diagnosis, the direct agglutination test was used with promastigote forms of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, where it was possible to detect the agglutination reaction in 53.33% of the S. nigritus blood samples. For direct diagnosis, the samples were submitted to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which confirmed the presence of Leishmania spp. DNA in 26.66% of the tested samples. It reinforces the importance of considering the concept of One Health in the face of diseases with high prevalence, such as leishmaniasis and the need for health education measures. This result shows that the animals in the present study have a role as environmental bioindicators for leishmaniasis.

Lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia. In ruminants, most infections are asymptomatic, but the animals can present myalgia, lameness, laminitis, arthritis, synovitis, neurological symptoms, and also decreased production and abortion. The objective was to investigate Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in cows and cattle ticks on a small dairy farm in a border region. Blood samples and ticks were collected from Holstein cows with a history of decreased milk production and abortions. Borrelia burgdorferi DNA was extracted from blood samples using a commercial extraction kit, and from ticks using an alkaline hydrolysis solution for subsequent nested-PCR. Serum and tick samples did not present Borrelia burgdorferi DNA, and 100% of the ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Although this study shows negative results it contributes to understanding the epidemiology of this etiological agent in Parana and in Brazil, since there are few studies on bovine species. The negative results of this work demonstrate that the animals and ticks researched were not exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, however, as it is a property located in a border region, the sanitary monitoring of the herd must be performed constantly since this is a region. vulnerable to the entry of potential threats to human, animal and environmental health from vectors and pathogenic microorganisms, given the large extension of the land border with the neighboring country and which also has different health status.

Devido ao uso de antibióticos para o tratamento e prevenção de infecções bacterianas durante a produção de matrizes pesadas, torna-se importante estudar o perfil de resistência e a prevalência de bactérias gram-negativas produtoras de ESBL. Dentre as várias classes de antimicrobianos disponíveis, destacam-se os agentes beta-lactâmicos, categoria antimicrobiana amplamente utilizada em clínica médica humana e veterinária. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil de resistência e caracterizar as cepas produtoras de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) isoladas de matrizes de corte por meio da coleta de 87 swabs cloacais. As bactérias Gram-negativas foram isoladas em meios seletivos, identificadas por métodos bioquímicos convencionais e MALDI-TOF® e estudadas quanto à resistência antimicrobiana, incluindo ESBL. Das 87 amostras, foram isoladas 52 bactérias gram-negativas. Houve alta resistência bacteriana às principais classes de antimicrobianos utilizados em aves: penicilinas, cefalosporinas e quinolonas. Também foi encontrado fenótipo sugestivo de produção de ESBL em 42,31% dos isolados, demonstrando resistência aos antimicrobianos beta-lactâmicos testados. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de orientação dos profissionais que trabalham com matrizes de corte, a fim de se reduzir a presença de bactérias resistentes e produtoras de ESBL e evitar sua disseminação para o meio ambiente, ovos férteis e frangos de corte e, consequentemente, carne de frango e humanos.

Hospital infections have a great importance in unique health, especially when one takes into account that the bacteria that cause these infections can be multidrug resistant, an entry path for these microorganisms can be the peripheral venous catheter used, primarily, to maintain the patients hydration. The objective of this work was to detect bacterial contamination and identify the microorganisms involved through blood culture and culture of peripheral venous catheters used by dogs in four different sectors of a Veterinary Hospital. 21 dogs were selected, without differentiation between age or race, and 21 of them had their blood samples collected and 21 samples of catheter tip used by them. The samples were differentiated and identified by biochemical tests and separated into Gram-Negative bacilli, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. Among the 42 samples, there was no growth in 59.52% (25) of them, in 26.19% (11) of the samples, there was growth of Gram-Negative Bacilli, 11.90% (05) were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., and 2.39% (01) were Streptococcus sp. This work shows that there should be concern about contamination that may be present in catheters or hospital probes that may cause serious infections in animals or humans.

The presence of DNA and anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in the serum of 112 healthy horses was investigated by evaluating the physical examination, from a rural society located in the north central...

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and their negligent use among dog owners have contributed to the rise of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms found in pets. In addition, the search for medicinal plants with antibacterial properties has made the evaluation of aqueous extracts of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum an important issue. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of gram-negative bacteria isolated from nasal swab samples of dogs and assess the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extracts of leaves and rhizomes of A. purpurata. The bacteria identified were tested using the agar disc diffusion assay for the evaluation of antibiotic resistance. A total of 16 isolates were obtained from the 19 samples collected, with a high prevalence of Escherichia coli (n=5). There was a high rate of resistance to ?-lactams, where the highest percentage was seen for amoxicillin (72.5%). Aqueous leaf extracts had high levels of total phenolic compounds (637.47 µg GAE mg-1), differing significantly (p < 0.05) from aqueous rhizome extracts (228.64 µg GAE mg-1). There was no significant difference in EC50 of DPPH values between the aqueous extracts; however, the antioxidant capacity of rhizome extracts had higher values than leaf extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of leaves and rhizomes for the evaluated bacteria ranged from 9000 to 32,000 µg mL-1. For the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), most bacteria showed an MBC over 38,400 µg mL-1 for the rhizome. In conclusion, the bacteria isolated from dog nasal swabs showed a high resistance profile for the antibiotics of the penicillin class. Additionally, the results from the analysis of the aqueous extracts of rhizomes and leaves of A. purpurata showed an antimicrobial effect possibly associated with a high content of total phenolic compounds; these results can create a scope for using these extracts together with conventional antibiotics to control the emergence of antibiotic resistance among microbial species. O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos na Medicina Veterinária e negligência de tutores de cães no uso adequado contribuíram no aumento de resistência em animais de companhia. Além disso, a busca por plantas medicinais que tenham efeito antibacteriano tornou importante a avaliação de extratos aquosos de Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o perfil de resistência aos antibióticos de bactérias Gram-negativas isoladas de amostras de swabs nasais de cães e verificar a atividade antibacteriana dos extratos aquosos das folhas e dos rizomas de A. purpurata. As bactérias identificadas foram submetidas à técnica de disco difusão em ágar para avaliação da resistência aos antibióticos. Das 19 amostras colhidas, foram isoladas 16 bactérias, com maior prevalência para Escherichia coli (n=5). Verificou-se um alto índice de resistência aos ?-lactâmicos testados, com maior percentual para amoxicilina (72,5%). Os extratos aquosos das folhas apresentam elevados teores de compostos fenólicos totais (637,47 µg GAE mg-1 extrato), sendo diferente (p < 0,05) dos extratos aquosos dos rizomas (228,64 µg GAE mg-1 extrato). Não houve diferença significativa nos valores de EC50 – DPPH para os extratos aquosos, entretanto, para a capacidade antioxidante FRAP, os extratos dos rizomas de A. purpurata demonstraram maiores valores quando comparados com os extratos aquosos das folhas. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) das folhas e rizomas para as bactérias avaliadas variaram entre 9.000 a 32.000 µg mL-1. Para a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM), a maioria das bactérias apresentaram CBM acima de 38.400 µg mL-1 para o rizoma. Conclui-se que as bactérias isoladas de swab nasal de cães apresentam alto perfil de resistência aos antibióticos da classe das penicilinas, no entanto, os resultados dos extratos aquosos dos rizomas e das folhas de A. purpurata sinalizam efeito antimicrobiano possivelmente associado ao elevado teor de compostos fenólicos totais, podendo ser utilizado em conjunto aos antibióticos convencionais, reduzindo assim sua resistência.

Background : Anophthalmia is a rare, congenital condition, defined as the complete absence of the eye bulb due to inadequate growth of the vesicle or optic dome. The malformation can be primary (in the absence of complete), secondary (in the presence of only residual tissue), or degenerative (in which the eye begins to form, but for some reason, it begins to degenerate). This condition is rare in dogs, cats, cattle, and sheep. Microscopic evaluation of orbital tissue for identification is always recommended. The aim of this study was to report a case of bilateral anophthalmia in a domestic cat. Case : A feline male, healthy, Maine Coon breed with 60 days of life was attended at the one veterinary private clinic. The cat, negative for FIV and FeLV, was born in a commercial cattery, belonging to his mother's third litter, healthy litter with the exception of this feline. He arrived with a complaint of not opening his eyelids, like the rest of the litter. In the clinical examination, it was found the normality of vital signs, absence of other visible anatomical abnormalities, only the ocular region was observed with closed eyelids. The initial suspicions were anophthalmia and microphthalmia. The patient was referred for an ocular ultrasound, which showed the complete absence of the right and left eye bulbs. The right and left orbital cavities had only a volume of soft, amorphous, and predominantly homogeneous tissue. After the ultrasound report, the patient underwent a surgical procedure to remove a fragment of tissue from the eye socket, which was sent for histopathological examination to confirm anophthalmia and discard the differential diagnosis of microphthalmia. Microscopy revealed immature, epithelial, and glandular tissue in the middle of discrete and moderate connective tissue, loosely arranged. In some fragments, cartilaginous tissue was also revealed. Thus, the histological findings are compatible with immature, pseudoformed tissues and without neoplastic characteristics. The diagnosis of secondary anophthalmia was reached with use of ultrasound and histological reports. Discussion : Congenital malformations in domestic cats are less frequent than in dogs, some of which are rare, and little reported. Secondary anophthalmia in the reported patient was confirmed by histological and ultrasound examination. Bilateral secondary anophthalmia is characterized by the absence of the eyeball, but with the presence of adjacent tissue. The animal was submitted to an ocular ultrasound examination and the complete absence of ocular bulbs was found. The differential diagnosis of microphthalmia was ruled out because there was no evidence of the eyeball. Microphthalmia is a common congenital ophthalmic disorder in veterinary medicine. Representative fragments were submitted to histopathological examination, where immature, epithelial tissue was found. In some fragments sent for analysis, cartilaginous tissue was observed. The histological findings are compatible with immature, pseudoformed tissues, thus verifying bilateral congenital anophthalmia in the reported animal. The clinical examination in these cases serves to ensure that the animal does not have any other congenital changes, allowing a favorable prognosis in puppies. Based on the information presented, the animal in this study has bilateral secondary congenital anophthalmia, with a favorable prognosis for the patient to live with certain normality, with quality and well-being.

Background : Cutaneous asthenia or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is an inherited and rare disease. This infirmity is from an autosomal mutation that influences the collagen synthesis of the carrier. Thus, its skeleton, formed of fibers, is structurally defective. The disease is characterized by hyperelasticity and skin fragility, leading to lesions throughout the skin. The lesions may manifest in specific places or in a generalized way, being more frequent in the limbs, neck, and back. This disease does not have a specific treatment, only management care to avoid new traumas. Case : A 3-year-old male castrated, no defined race cat, was attended at one veterinary clinic with a history of intense itching. The rapid tests for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) were negative. On physical examination, infestation by fleas, lesions all over the body, and skin hyperelasticity were observed. Topical treatment for ectoparasites as well as for body wounds was established. After the treatment, he returned without itching, but with the complaints of new lesions that did not heal. The patient underwent a total shearing to facilitate the treatment of the skin, and then he underwent blood tests, biochemistry, hormonal tests, and ultrasound, which showed no suggestive changes for hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus. His clinical signs, besides not matching with these diseases, also did not indicate skin fragility due to his history of age and balanced diet. The confirmation of the cutaneous asthenia syndrome was acquired through biopsy of skin fragment, in which it was observed disarray of collagen fibers, hypertrophy, and fibroblast hyperplasia, together with the rate of extensibility of the skin where the value reached the mark of 27.5%. Throughout the hospitalization, it was noted the progression of the disease with the appearance of new lesions, where there was no bleeding and they appeared even with the patient wearing padded clothes. Its progression lasted one year until the patient's euthanasia. Discussion : For the disposal of diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism as causes of the appearance of lesions by the body in the patient, he was submitted to the suppression tests with dexamethasone, in which he presented normality, in the biochemical examination it was dosed with fructosamine and glucose. The fructosamine was in the reference value, but the glucose was slightly altered, this increase may have been a result of stress at the time of blood collection. In addition to the patient not showing specific clinical signs such as polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss, these are characteristic clinical signs of the disease. For the diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, histological examination, and calculation of the skin extensibility index were used, where the results obtained confirmed the suspicion. This genetic anomaly has no treatment, being progressive, so only environmental management is done to mitigate the appearance of the lesions and provide animal welfare. This case report contributes to aggregating the scientific literature in the area of veterinary medicine since skin asthenia is a rare disease and when its extent is total it becomes even more atypical. The availability of this article will provide a vision of palliative treatment for other cases, demonstrating the progressive nature of the lesions and the methods of diagnosis. Keywords: cat, collagen deficiency, ehlers-danlos syndrome, hyperelastic, skin.

Os Staphylococcus spp. têm sido descritos como integrantes rotineiros da microbiota do ser humano em superfície de regiões mais úmidas do corpo, enquanto algumas espécies e subespécies apresentam predileção pela região urogenital. Também são considerados oportunistas e frequentemente tem sido causa de infeção em pacientes com comprometimento do sistema imunológico ou em uso de dispositivos invasivos em pacientes hospitalizados. No entanto, nos últimos anos, houve uma disseminação dessas cepas pela comunidade, o que possivelmente pode estar relacionado a pressão seletiva pelo uso inadequado dos antibióticos. As infecções causadas por Staphylococcus spp. meticilina resistente tem causado sérios problemas dentro e fora do ambiente hospitalar. Dentro da comunidade causa colonização de pessoas aumentando a chance de óbito em todos os sexos e faixa etária e em gestantes têm sido consideradas importantes fontes de microrganismos patógenos pelos fatores de virulência apresentados por essa bactéria e pelas condições fisiológicas e anatômicas da gestante, tornando-se, dessa forma, uma ameaça de propagação de infecções por cepas multirresistentes.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MGA) supplementation between the 13th and 20th day after Fixed-Time-Artificial Insemination (FTAI), on the conception and gestation rates of Nellore and crossbred cows (Nellore x Angus), pluriparous and lactating. For the study, 349 Nellore cows and 270 crossbred cows were selected, distributed into 1) group G1 (n=176): Nellore cows submitted to the FTAI protocol, without MGA supplementation; 2) group G2 (n=173): Nellore cows submitted to the FTAI protocol, with supplementation for 7 days of MGA® (0.28g/AU/day) from the 13th post-FTAI; 3) group G3 (n=119): crossbred cows: FTAI protocol, without MGA supplementation; 4) group G4 (n=151): crossbred cows: FTAI protocol followed by MGA supplementation for 7 days (0.28g/AU/day), from the 13th to the 20th day after FTAI. For statistical analysis, the procedures MIXED and GLIMMIX from SAS were used. G3 had higher rates of conception (CR=85.7%) and pregnancy (PR=95.8%) at the end of the breeding season (P0.05). G1 females had a lower conception rate (TC=76.7%) (P0.05). When G2 and G4 were compared, we found that crossbred females supplemented had higher rates of conception and pregnancy. In conclusion, crossbred animals have higher conception and pregnancy rates at the end of the breeding season. Besides, we found that Nellore females had a lower conception rate, with the use of MGA® Premix. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de la suplementación con acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MGA) entre el día 13 y 20 después de la Inseminación Artificial de Tiempo Fijo (FTAI), sobre las tasas de concepción y gestación de vacas Nellore y mestizas (Nellore x Angus), pluríparas y lactante. Para el estudio se seleccionaron 349 vacas Nellore y 270 vacas mestizas, distribuidas en 1) grupo G1 (n = 176): vacas Nellore sometidas al protocolo FTAI, sin suplementación con MGA; 2) grupo G2 (n = 173): vacas Nellore sometidas al protocolo FTAI, con suplementación por 7 días de MGA® (0.28g / AU / día) a partir del 13 post-FTAI; 3) grupo G3 (n = 119): vacas cruzadas: protocolo FTAI, sin suplementación con MGA; 4) grupo G4 (n = 151): vacas cruzadas: protocolo FTAI seguido de suplementación con MGA durante 7 días (0,28 g / AU / día), desde el día 13 al 20 después del FTAI. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron los procedimientos MIXED y GLIMMIX de SAS. G3 tuvo mayores tasas de concepción (CR = 85,7%) y preñez (PR = 95,8%) al final de la temporada de reproducción (P 0,05). Las mujeres G1 tuvieron una tasa de concepción más baja (TC = 76,7%) (P 0.05). Cuando se compararon G2 y G4, encontramos que las hembras cruzadas suplementadas tenían tasas más altas de concepción y embarazo. En conclusión, los animales cruzados tienen mayores tasas de concepción y preñez al final de la temporada de reproducción. Además, encontramos que las hembras Nellore tenían una tasa de concepción más baja, con el uso de MGA® Premix. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da suplementação de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MGA) entre o 13º e 20º dia após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), sobre as taxas de concepção e gestação de vacas da raça Nelore e cruzadas (Nelore x Angus), pluríparas e lactantes. Para o estudo foram selecionadas 349 vacas Nelore e 270 vacas cruzadas, distribuídas em: 1) G1 (n=176): vacas Nelore submetidas a protocolo de IATF, sem suplementação de MGA; 2) G2 (n=173): vacas Nelore submetidas a protocolo de IATF, com suplementação por 7 dias de MGA® (0,28g/UA/dia) a partir do 13º pós IATF; 3) G3 (n =119): vacas cruzadas: protocolo de IATF, sem suplementação de MGA; 4) G4 (n=151): vacas cruzadas: protocolo de IATF suplementadas por 7 dias de MGA (0,28g/UA/dia), do 13º até 20º dia pós IATF. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado os programas MIXED e GLIMMIX do SAS. G3 apresentaram maiores taxas de concepção (TC=85,7%) e gestação (TG=95,8%) ao final da estação de monta (P0,05). G1 apresentaram menor taxa de concepção (TC=76,7%) (P0,05). G2 e G4 suplementadas com MGA apresentaram maior taxa de concepção e gestação. Conclui-se que animais mestiços apresentam maiores taxas de concepção e gestação ao final da estação de monta. Além disso, verificamos que fêmeas Nelore apresentaram menor taxa de concepção, com o uso de MGA® Premix.

Plastic surgeries are considered clean or potentially contaminated procedures. The incidence of infection in reduction mammoplasty is 1.1 to 22% and the main etiological agents are bacteria found on the skin and mucous membranes such as Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the increase in bacterial resistance with the widespread use of antibiotics, identify natural compounds with antibacterial action on postoperative surgery wounds are fundamental. Thus, the objective of this research was the identification of compounds and assessment of the antibacterial action of Copaifera spp. (copaiba) oil against standard strains and bacterial pathogens isolated from postoperative mammoplasty surgery. For this, four commercial copaiba oils (1, 2, 3 and 4) were submitted to a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oils on standard strains and clinical samples, as well as the disk antibiotics sensitivity and the synergistic effect of the oils and antibiotics, were assessed. A total of 72 compounds were identified, accounting for ~99% of the volatile constituents in the oils. Sesquiterpenes comprised 67.24– 90.11% of the components, with β-caryophyllene being the most common. Oils 1 and 2 were the most active on the S. aureus strain, with MIC similarto Oil 3, while Oil 4presented no activity. The same pattern was observed in the clinical samples. In addition, Oil 2 presented synergism when associated with amoxicillin. The synergistic effects of Copaiba oils may represent a source of therapeutic compounds against bacterial infections in surgical wound. Las cirugías plásticas se consideran procedimientos limpios o potencialmente contaminados. La incidencia de infección en la mamoplastia de reducción es del 1,1 al 22% y los principales agentes etiológicos son las bacterias presentes en la piel y mucosas como Staphylococcus aureus. Debido al aumento de la resistencia bacteriana con el uso generalizado de antibióticos, identificar compuestos naturales con acción antibacteriana sobre las heridas de la cirugía postoperatoria es fundamental. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue la identificación de compuestos y la evaluación de la acción antibacteriana de Copaifera spp. (copaiba) contra cepas estándar y patógenos bacterianos aislados de la cirugía de mamoplastia postoperatoria. Para ello, cuatro aceites de copaiba comerciales (1, 2, 3 y 4) se sometieron a un análisis de cromatografía de gases / espectrometría de masas. Se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro y la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) de los aceites en cepas estándar y muestras clínicas, así como la sensibilidad a los antibióticos de disco y el efecto sinérgico de los aceites y antibióticos. Se identificaron un total de 72 compuestos, que representan ~ 99% de los constituyentes volátiles de los aceites. Los sesquiterpenos comprendieron entre el 67,24 y el 90,11% de los componentes, siendo el β-cariofileno el más común. Los aceites 1 y 2 fueron los más activos en la cepa de S. aureus, con CMI similar al aceite 3, mientras que el aceite 4 no presentó actividad. El mismo patrón se observó en las muestras clínicas. Además, Oil 2 presentó sinergismo cuando se asoció con amoxicilina. Los efectos sinérgicos de los aceites de Copaiba pueden representar una fuente de compuestos terapéuticos contra infecciones bacterianas en heridas quirúrgicas. As cirurgias plásticas são consideradas procedimentos limpos ou potencialmente contaminados. A incidência de infecção na mamoplastia redutora é de 1,1 a 22% e os principais agentes etiológicos são bactérias presentes na pele e nas mucosas, como o Staphylococcus aureus. Devido ao aumento da resistência bacteriana com o uso generalizado de antibióticos, identificar compostos naturais com ação antibacteriana em feridas pós-operatórias é fundamental. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a identificação de compostos e avaliação da ação antibacteriana do óleo de Copaifera spp. (copaíba) contra cepas padrão e patógenos bacterianos isolados do pós-operatório de cirurgia de mamoplastia. Para tanto, quatro óleos comerciais de copaíba (1, 2, 3 e 4) foram submetidos à análise por cromatografia gasosa / espectrometria de massa. A atividade antimicrobiana in vitro e a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de óleos em cepas padrão e amostras clínicas, bem como a sensibilidade a antibióticos em disco e o efeito sinérgico dos óleos e antibióticos, foram avaliados. Um total de 72 compostos foram identificados, representando ~ 99% dos constituintes voláteis dos óleos. Os sesquiterpenos representaram 67,24–90,11% dos componentes, sendo o β-cariofileno o mais comum. Os óleos 1 e 2 foram os mais ativos na cepa de S. aureus, com CIM semelhante ao óleo 3, enquanto o óleo 4 não apresentou atividade. O mesmo padrão foi observado nas amostras clínicas. Além disso, o óleo 2 apresentou sinergismo quando associado à amoxicilina. Os efeitos sinérgicos dos óleos de copaíba podem representar uma fonte de compostos terapêuticos contra infecções bacterianas em feridas cirúrgicas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibodies and DNA of Leptospira spp. isolated from infected cattle in a small rural dairy farm in a border region between Brazil and Paraguay. Blood and urine samples were collected from 50 Holstein cows aged between 1 and 15 years. The diagnostic tests performed were microscopic serum agglutination for antibody detection and polymerase chain reaction for Leptospira spp. detection. Out of the samples analyzed, 48% were MAT positive with titers ranging from 100 to 400, and the most prevalent antibody was to the serovar Hardjo. One serum sample was amplified to 549 bp for the sec y gene, and sequencing identified it as L. interrogans. This is the first report from northwestern Paraná (PR) State of L. interrogans identification in naturally infected milk cattle. Thus, based on these results, to enhance production efficiency, new serological and molecular studies on dairy cattle from border regions are required to characterize the epidemiology of possible genotypes and their consequences in affected herds. O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar anticorpos e DNA de Leptospira spp. em uma propriedade rural leiteira de uma região fronteiriça entre Brasil e Paraguai. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue e urina de 50 animais da raça Holandesa com idade variando de um a quinze anos, de uma pequena propriedade rural de exploração leiteira em uma região de fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai. Quanto aos diferentes diagnósticos foi utilizado a soroaglutinação microscópica para a detecção de anticorpos e também foi realizada a reação em cadeia pela polimerase para a detecção de DNA de Leptospira spp. Das amostras analisadas, 48,00% foram soro reagentes na SAM com títulos variando de 100 a 400 e o anticorpo contra o sorovar mais prevalente foi o Hardjo. Uma amostra de soro amplificou 549pb para o gene sec y, e no sequenciamento foi identificada como Leptospira interrogans. Este é o primeiro relato da região noroeste do estado do Paraná (PR) relacionado à identificação de L. interrogans de bovinos de leite naturalmente infectados e em virtude dos resultados deste trabalho são necessários novos estudos sorológicos e moleculares em criações de gado de leite de regiões fronteiriças para se caracterizar a epidemiologia dos possíveis genótipos e suas possíveis consequências nos rebanhos afetados visando sempre à eficiência da produção.