Search

Com o desenvolvimento da tecnologia, o comportamento dos consumidores também se desenvolveu e mudou. Umas das alterações do comportamento dos consumidores, foi a utilização das novas tecnologias para partilhar as suas experiências, o chamado e-Word-of-Mouth, o que levou à criação de plataformas online onde o principal objetivo é permitir aos utilizadores dar a sua opinião sobre diversos produtos ou serviços, como hotéis, livros, restaurantes, entre outros, e consultar a opiniões de outros utilizadores. O surgimento destas plataformas online, alterou a dinâmica de diversos setores de negócios: o mercado de restauração não foi exceção. Existem diversos estudos sobre a utilização deste tipo de plataformas na ótica do cliente, porém também poderão consistir em ótimas ferramentas de trabalho para melhorar a performance dos restaurantes. Deste modo, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é compreender como as diferentes categorias, relacionadas com a temática da restauração, têm impacto na rating de uma review, tendo como caso de estudo dois restaurantes do chef Jamie Oliver. Começou-se por realizar a revisão literária, onde foram apresentados os conceitos que serviram como base para a investigação. O segundo passo desta investigação, consistiu na aplicação de um modelo que permitiu identificar as categorias e o sentimento associado às mesmas, usando métodos de Text Mining. Este tipo de métodos tornou possível entender quais as categorias que mais influenciam o rating. Através deste estudo foi possível compreender como a utilização ferramentas de Text Mining contribuem para análise da performance de um restaurante e apoiar na tomada de decisão Os resultados demonstram que as categorias mencionadas são ‘food’ e ‘service’ enquanto as menos mencionadas são ‘atmosphere’ e ‘location’. Verificou-se que todas as categorias têm impacto no rating final, porém a categoria com maior impacto é ‘food’. The technology development contributed to consumer behavior changes. One of the changes was the use of technologies to share their experiences, as known as e-Word-of-Mouth, which led to the creation of online platforms where the main objective is allow users to share their opinion about products or services, such as hotels, books, restaurants, for example, and search for the others users’ opinions. The emergence of these online platforms has changed the dynamic of business sectors, the restaurant sector it was no exception. There are several studies about this type of platform from customer’s point of view, but they may also consist a good tool to improve restaurants performance. The main goal for this thesis is to understand how the different categories, related with restaurant theme, impacts the review final rating, using two Jamie Oliver’s restaurants as a case study. The first step was studying the literature review, introducing the basic concepts that served as a foundation for the investigation. The second step was applied a model that allows the categories mentioned identification and sentiment analysis through text mining methodologies. This type of methods made it possible to understand which categories influence the rating classification. Through this model it was revealed how using text mining tools, to analyze the restaurant’s performance can support in decision making. Results show that the factors most mentioned in the reviews were ‘food’ and ‘service’ and the least mentioned were ‘atmosphere’ and ‘location’ and all factos has impact in final rating but main one is ‘food’.

Background: Hospital nutrition is a major public health problem, as up to 50% of hospitalized patients suffer from undernutrition. Adequate nutritional support (NS) decreases morbidity/mortality, shortens the length of stay, and reduces costs. We aimed to evaluate the engagement of Portuguese gastroenterology departments in NS, especially in artificial nutrition (AN). Methods: Cross-sectional multicentric study, using an online survey sent to 31 Portuguese gastroenterology departments. Results: Nine centers were involved, and all departments were engaged in NS activities. The most performed nutrition technique was endoscopic gastrostomy and not all departments had the expertise to perform all nutrition procedures, namely, endoscopic jejunostomy. Two departments had an AN outpatient clinic. Five centers were involved in hospital nutrition committees. Only four performed systematic nutritional evaluation of every patient on admission. Two departments developed research in the nutrition field. An increase staff and nutrition training were pointed out as suggestions to improve NS. Conclusions: This study outlines a broad picture of NS/AN in Portuguese gastroenterology departments. Medical nutritional training and increasing nutrition teams’ staff may contribute to developing NS/AN. Multidisciplinary management of nutrition-related disorders is of utmost importance, and gastroenterologists are expected to be at the core of hospital nutrition.

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the liver manifestation of adiposopathy. Recently, a new score was developed to estimate body fat percentage (relative fat mass, RFM). We aimed to evaluate the value of RFM in predicting the presence and severity of NAFLD, compared with other anthropometric measurements. Methods: RFM, body mass index (BMI), and other anthropometric measurements were evaluated in two cohorts of subjects: a cohort from a Portuguese prospective epidemiological study (e_Cor) and morbidly obese patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. We evaluated if RFM and BMI were related with the presence and severity of liver disease, which was assessed by noninvasive tools in the first cohort and by liver histology in the morbidly obese cohort. The independence of relations found in univariate analysis was assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: In the general population cohort, 744 subjects (48% male) were enrolled. BMI-defined obesity was present in 23% and RFM-defined obesity in 86%. Insulin resistance (IR) related with BMI-defined obesity (OR 4.37 [2.16-8.84]) and weight (OR 1.05 [1.02-1.08]) in men, and waist circumference (WC) (OR 1.07 [1.03-1.11]) in women. Dyslipidemia and hypertension related with RFM-defined obesity in men (OR 2.96 [1.36-6.47] and OR 5.37 [1.31-22.06], respectively). Ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD in 33% related with weight in men (OR 1.03 [1.003-1.06] and WC in women (OR 1.06 [1.02-1.10]). In men, ALT elevation related with weight (OR 1.04 [1.02-1.07]). In women, advanced fibrosis (estimated by NAFLD Fibrosis Score) associated with BMI-defined obesity (OR 42.43 [3.61-498.13]). In the morbidly obese cohort, 152 subjects were enrolled, of whom 84% were female, 37% had steatohepatitis, and 9.4% had advanced fibrosis. Adiponectin associated inversely and leptin positively with RFM in men. The severity of steatosis increased linearly with BMI and WC in women. Higher BMI associated with steatohepatitis in women and advanced fibrosis in men. Conclusion: RFM-defined obesity better predicted dyslipidemia and hypertension (though not IR) and adipokine imbalance; however, it did not add value to BMI-defined obesity in predicting NAFLD or liver injury. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Chronic radiation proctitis usually develops 3 months after therapy. Despite the lack of standard guidelines regarding treatment, argon plasma coagulation is often a safe and effective endoscopic therapy. However, rectal ulcers are a common complication after argon plasma coagulation. Nevertheless, most patients are asymptomatic and do not require additional monitoring or treatment. We report a case of an argon plasma coagulation-induced ulcer with relevant symptoms and refractory to medical treatment. The patient was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and had complete resolution of the rectal ulcer. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has shown efficacy in severe chronic proctitis and radiation-induced rectal ulcers, but no clinical report has ever been published on using hyperbaric oxygen therapy for ulcers after argon plasma coagulation. In this case, hyperbaric oxygen therapy was an effective alternative option and can be considered in patients with refractory argon plasma coagulation-induced rectal ulcers.

Introduction and aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become highly prevalent, paralleling the pandemic of obesity and diabetes, and represents an important burden. Nutrition knowledge is fundamental, in prevention, evolution and treatment of NAFLD. Association of low serum levels of vitamin D (VD) with several diseases, including NAFLD, has been emphasized in the last decade. We evaluated how serum levels of VD correlate with the presence of hepatic steatosis, and VD intake, in a random sample of the Portuguese adult population. Methods: Participants underwent a dietary intake inquiry, using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire representative of the usual intake over the previous year. Anthropometric measures, blood tests and ultrasound were done. Hepatic steatosis was quantified according to Hamaguchi's ultrasonographic score (steatosis defined by a score ≥ 2). Results: We recruited 789 adult individuals, 416 males (52.7%), mean age of 49.9 ± 17.0 years (18-79). Prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 35.5%, and after exclusion of excessive alcohol consumption, 28.0%. Mean VD serum levels were 26.0 ± 9.8 ng/ml and 68.4% participants had serum VD levels below 30 ng/ml. Mean serum levels of VD were not significantly different between participants with steatosis vs. no steatosis: 25.2±8.7 vs. 26.4±10.3 ng/ml, respectively (p=0.071). There was no correlation between VD serum levels and VD intake, measured by the FFQ, r=0.075 (p= 0.383). Conclusions: In spite of a high prevalence rate, there was no evidence that decreased VD serum levels were associated with hepatic steatosis. No significant correlation was found between VD dietary ingestion and VD serum levels. The present study received grants from: Portuguese Association for the Study of the Liver (APEF); Gilead Foundation and Gilead Genesis; and Roche supplied laboratorial kits info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The Case Study "The Rio Grande do Norte tourism which has suffered a loss of '100,000 arrivals'" describes a peculiar and challenging scenario in which the tourist destination of Natal lies. Thus, this case study presents the investment history of Natal into tourism as well as discuss the decisions that should be taken by the current Tourism Secretary of Natal faced with the difficulties regarding the reduced of this destination among international tourists. This reduction took place mainly after the global economic crisis with a reduction of charter flights for (from) Natal. Infrastructure and public safety issues also contributed to a reduction in the number of visitors to the city. Within this context a reflection on the scenario in which Natal lies with the objective of demonstrating the importance of the implementation of public policies, tourism marketing, an analysis of internal and external environments of the destination, and the establishment of competitive advantages is proposes. For the preparation of this case study realistic about tourism data was collected from newspapers, magazines and scientific papers. This case study can be applied in Graduate or postgraduate courses in Business Administration, Marketing and Tourism.

Background and Aims: Fatty liver is very frequent in the general population. Although many studies evaluated the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease there is scarce information regarding alcoholic fatty liver. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of alcoholic hepatic steatosis, and to what extent it depended on obesity and its interaction. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O Transtorno de personalidade antissocial ? uma m? forma??o da personalidade, que afeta diversas ?reas da vida do indiv?duo, caracterizando-se por um padr?o de desrespeito e viola??o de direitos de outros e pela n?o conformidade com normas. Portanto, considerando as pr?prias caracter?sticas do TPAS, tais indiv?duos podem acabar-se envolvendo com crimes e contraven??es e adentrando no sistema penal. Para o Direito Penal, essas pessoas s?o consideradas com culpabilidade diminu?da, por apresentarem uma perturba??o da sa?de mental, nos termos do par?grafo ?nico do artigo 26, do C?digo Penal. E, atualmente, s?o aplicadas a tais indiv?duos pena de pris?o com redu??o obrigat?ria ou medida de seguran?a. Ent?o, o presente estudo, partindo da premissa de que o transtorno de personalidade ? uma quest?o a ser tratada em ?mbito m?dico-psiqui?trico, buscou examinar se a aplica??o da medida de seguran?a foi eficaz para os casos selecionados, em que medida houve melhora do quadro cl?nico e qual foi sua repercuss?o no meio familiar e social. No entanto, os achados bibliogr?ficos e emp?ricos conduzem ? conclus?o de que, no momento, n?o h? tratamento eficaz para esses indiv?duos capaz de justificar sua interna??o em hospitais de cust?dia e tratamento, nos termos do art. 98 do C?digo Penal. Destarte, a partir deste estudo, prop?e-se discutir novas alternativas de puni??o e de tratamento para os portadores do transtorno de personalidade. The antisocial personality disorder is a malformation of personality, which affects several areas of the individual's life, characterized by a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, failure to conform to social norms. Therefore, by the ASPD own characteristics, such individuals may end up getting involved in crimes and misdemeanors, entering in the penal system. On the other hand, to the Criminal Law, those persons are considered with diminished guilt, because they present a disturbance of mental health, under the only paragraph of Article 26 of the Criminal Code. And, today, are applied to these individuals the imprisonment with mandatory reduction or security measure. So, the present study, on the premise that personality disorder is a matter to be treated in medical-psychiatric health, seeks to examine whether the application of security measure was efective in the selected cases and in what measure there was this clinical improvement, and its impact on family and social environment. However, the bibliographic and empirical findings lead to the conclusion that, at present, there is no effective treatment for these individuals to justify their stay in custody hospitals of treatment, in accordance with art. 98 of the Penal Code. Thus, from this study, we propose the discussion to seek new criminal and treatment alternatives for patients of personality disorder.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014 Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa (repositorio@medicina.ulisboa.pt) on 2016-06-14T16:24:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoanaIMLeal.pdf: 348747 bytes, checksum: 31fe8a2042043fce8b85e3e071e031a7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T16:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoanaIMLeal.pdf: 348747 bytes, checksum: 31fe8a2042043fce8b85e3e071e031a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014

Edaphic ecosystems are the basis for the production of terrestrial biological resources and their dynamics affect not only the natural environment but also society and their economic activities. In Caatinga biome, the semi-arid climate associated with an inadequate soil management has increased the degradation and loss of productive potential of the soil. In this context, the study of soil fauna, including springtails, becomes an important indicator of soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the fauna of Collembola in an area of Caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte State and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, such as soil, vegetation and climate characteristics, on the structure of the taxocenosis. The environmental variables which were used were the following ones: granulometry (represented by the proportion of sand), quantity of organic matter and soil pH, richness, density and aerial biomass of the vegetal structure, and necromass. We used pitfall traps intending to collect specimens of the epiedaphic fauna of Collembola in 30 points located on Cauaçu Farm, João Câmara, RN, in July (rainy season) and November (dry season) 2011. We collected 5513 individuals of 15 species distributed in 13 genera and 9 families of Collembola. Five of the recorded species are new to science, confirming the expected high degree of endemism for Caatinga biome, and the highest abundance was recorded in the rainy season, which suggests Collembola sensitivity to low humidity. Four species were more abundant in the dry season, all of them belonged to the Order Entomobryomorpha. Results of statistical analyzes suggest that plant species richness, aerial biomass of vegetal structure, proportion of sand in the soil, pH and humidity are the main influences to the abundance of Collembola in the region studied Os ecossistemas edáficos são base para toda produção de recursos biológicos terrestres e sua dinâmica afeta não apenas os ambientes naturais, mas também a sociedade e suas atividades econômicas. Na Caatinga, o clima semiárido associado ao uso inadequado do solo têm potencializado a degradação e a perda do potencial produtivo das terras. Considerando que a fauna edáfica, incluindo os colêmbolos, é um importante indicador da qualidade do solo, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a fauna de Collembola numa área de Caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte, verificando a influência de fatores bióticos e abióticos, tais como características do solo, da vegetação e do clima, sobre a estrutura da taxocenose. As variáveis ambientais utilizadas foram: granulometria (representada pela proporção de areia), quantidade de matéria orgânica e pH do solo; riqueza, densidade e biomassa aérea vegetal; e necromassa. Foram utilizadas armadilhas de queda (pitfall) para coletar espécimes da fauna epiedáfica de Collembola em 30 pontos localizados na Fazenda Cauaçu, João Câmara, RN, nos meses de julho (período chuvoso) e novembro (período seco) de 2011. Foram coletados 5.513 indivíduos de 15 espécies, distribuídas em 13 gêneros e 9 famílias de Collembola. Cinco das espécies registradas são novas para a ciência, confirmando a expectativa de alto grau de endemismo para o bioma, e a maior abundância de indivíduos foi registrada na estação chuvosa, o que sugere sensibilidade dos colêmbolos à baixa umidade. Quatro espécies foram mais abundantes na estação seca, todas da Ordem Entomobryomorpha, e os resultados das análises estatísticas sugerem que a riqueza de plantas, a biomassa vegetal aérea, a proporção de areia no solo, o pH e a umidade devida às chuvas sejam os principais influenciadores da abundância de Collembola na região estudada

Trichotillomania, the repeated action of pulling out one’s own hair for pleasure or sensation of relaxation, and trichophagia, the result of hair eating, usually precede trichobezoar formation. In most patients, the trichobezoar is located in the stomach; however, in a few number of patients, the gastric trichobezoar has a tail and extends through the pylorus into the small bowel and may even reach the colon, being titled as Rapunzel syndrome (1).

Background: About 70 loci are associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD), particularly in pathways of innate immunity, autophagy, and pathogen recognition. Phenotype–genotype associations are inconsistent. Methods: CD susceptibility polymorphisms ATG16L1 rs2241880, ICAM1 rs5498, IL4 rs2070874, IL17F rs763780, IRGM rs13361189, ITLN1 rs2274910, LRRK2 rs11175593, and TLR4 rs4986790 were genotyped in a Portuguese population (511 CD patients, 626 controls) and assessed for association with CD clinical characteristics. Results: There is a significant association of CD with the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ATG16L1 (odds ratio [OR] 1.36 [1.15–1.60], P = 2.7 × 10−4 for allele G), IRGM (OR 1.56 [1.21–1.93], P = 3.9 × 10−4 for allele C), and ITLN1 (OR 1.55 [1.28–1.88], P = 4.9 × 10−6 for allele C). These SNPs are associated with ileal location (OR, respectively, 1.49, 1.52, and 1.70), ileocolonic location (OR, respectively, 1.31, 1.57, and 1.68), and involvement of the upper digestive tract (OR, respectively for ATG16L1 and IRGM, 1.96 and 1.95). The risk genotype GG in ATG16L1 is associated with patients who respond to steroids (OR 1.89), respond to immunosuppressants (OR 1.77), and to biologic therapy (OR 1.89). The SNPs in ITLN1 and IRGM are both associated with a positive response to biologic therapy. The risk for ileal, ileocolonic, and upper digestive tract locations increases with the number of risk alleles (OR for three alleles, respectively, 7.10, 3.54, and 12.07); the OR for positive response to biologic therapy is 3.66. Conclusions: A multilocus approach using autophagy-related genes provides insight into CD phenotype–genotype associations and genetic markers for predicting therapeutic responses. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;)

An 80-year-old male was admitted with generalized weakness, pale skin and tarry stools. He had a past medical history of atrial fibrillation on anticoagulant therapy (warfarin) and osteoarthritis requiring more than occasional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. His blood pressure was 154/65 mmHg and he had no abdominal tenderness. Significant laboratory results showed: hemoglobin 9.4 g/dl, international normalized ratio (INR) 3.84, blood urea 141 mg/dl and creatinine 1.2 mg/dl. Upper endoscopy revealed an oozing ulcer at the bulbar apex (Forrest classification IB) that was treated with epinephrine (10 ml at 1:10,000) and polidocanol (5 ml at 1%) injection (Fig. 1). Warfarin was stopped and intravenous proton pump inhibitors initiated. After 24 h, he started to complain of progressively increasing epigastric pain. A drop in hemoglobin concentration to 6 mg/dl, a prolongation of the INR to 4.05, an elevated amylase (2,491 U/L) and lipase (16,100 U/L) were noted. He was transfused with two units of packed RBC. On abdominal ultrasound (US) no particular finding as to the cause of the pancreatitis was found. However, the abdominal complaints worsened and on day 3 an abdominal CT revealed pancreatic head edema, inflammatory changes in the peripancreatic fat and a huge intramural duodenal hematoma (14 x 6 cm) that involved the second portion of the duodenum and was associated with free peritoneal fluid and air (Fig. 2). Returning from the CT scan, the patient suffered cardiac arrest and died in spite of our best efforts to resuscitate him.

O estado de conhecimento sobre Collembola no Brasil é deficitário, sendo a maior parte dos biomas pobremente amostrados. Este trabalho tem por objetivo fornecer uma lista de espécies de colêmbolos para o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. As coletas foram realizadas nos municípios de Extremoz, Natal, Parnamirim e Serra Negra do Norte, por meio da utilização de armadilhas de queda, armadilha luminosa e coleta manual diretamente do substrato. Foram registradas 16 espécies, distribuídas em 12 gêneros e sete famílias. A família com maior riqueza de espécies foi Entomobryidae, com sete espécies. O gênero com maior número de espécies foi Seira, com quatro. As duas únicas espécies registradas na Caatinga também foram observadas nas áreas de Mata Atlântica. Por outro lado, tais espécies são novas para a ciência, o que sugere a urgência de um inventário na Caatinga, domínio ainda subestimado. Foram encontradas cinco espécies novas de colêmbolos no Estado. The state of knowledge of collembolans in Brazil is deficient and most biomes are poorly sampled. This paper provides a list of species of Collembola from Rio Grande do Norte State. The samplings were carried out in the municipalities of Extremoz, Natal, Parnamirim and Serra Negra do Norte, by using pitfall traps, light traps and direct collections. Sixteen species of springtails were recorded, distributed in 12 genera and seven families. The family with the highest diversity was Entomobryidae, with seven species. The most speciose genus was Seira, with four species. Only two species were recorded in Caatinga and they both were also reported to areas of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. However, these species are new to science, which indicates the urgency of a full inventory in Caatinga, an underestimated domain. Five new species of Collembola were found in the State.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2011 A poluição do ar em ambientes internos deve-se à presença de diferentes tipos de poluentes. Entre as diversas técnicas de tratamento do ar interno destaca-se a oxidação fotocatalítica. A oxidação fotocatalítica trata-se de um processo oxidativo avançado, caracterizando-se pela oxidação via radicais livres, como o radical hidroxila, que transforma os compostos poluentes em espécies químicas inócuas (geralmente dióxido de carbono e água). Este trabalho propôs-se a preparar e caracterizar fotocatalisadores e aplicá-los como uma alternativa para o tratamento de contaminantes presentes em ambientes internos, tais como as bactérias. Os fotocatalisadores foram sintetizados pelo método de Sol/Gel e depositados em filtros de fibra de vidro. Os fotocatalisadores foram caracterizados pela técnica de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS) e Difratometria de Raios-X (DRX). Entre os resultados obtidos nos testes de caracterização o fotocatalisador sintetizado com concentração de 0,4 M de TiO2 e pelo Método de Deposição e Calcinação 1, revelou que nessas condições obtém-se a melhor dispersão e aderência do TiO2 no suporte e, por esse motivo, foi selecionado para os testes de desinfecção. O fotocatalisador comercial P25 também foi utilizado para os testes de desinfecção e foi preparado na mesma concentração e mesmo método de deposição e calcinação selecionados para fins de comparação. Para realização desses testes, foi utilizada a bactéria do gênero Escherichia coli e uma unidade piloto, que consistiu num duto com recirculação de ar, realizada por um ventilador. Resumidamente, o funcionamento da instalação consistiu em pulverizar um cultivo de bactérias de E. Coli, através de um nebulizador, no interior do duto. O piloto continha quatro lâmpadas ultravioleta dispostas perpendicularmente à passagem de ar, que foram ativadas em dois momentos do experimento. Um deles sem a disposição de nenhum filtro no duto, com a finalidade de identificar a eficiência de desinfecção por fotólise. Posteriormente, foram realizados os testes com o filtro com TiO2 sob irradiação UV. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em tempos de recirculação do fluxo de bactérias de dois e dez minutos. As amostras foram coletadas em placas de Petry com meio de cultura, expostas por dois minutos nos dois tempos de recirculação analisados. Essas placas foram colocadas logo após a seção onde as lâmpadas e o filtro estavam posicionados. Com a utilização do fotocatalisador escolhido, obtiveram-se valores bastante interessantes nos resultados de desinfecção de bactérias, principalmente com o tempo de recirculação de dez minutos. Um dos valores mais expressivos foi com a utilização de filtro com TiO2 e lâmpadas UV acionadas (Fotocatálise), sendo obtido um percentual de 98% de redução da concentração inicial de bactérias (sem a utilização de filtro e sem lâmpadas UV acionadas). Considerando como concentração inicial as bactérias retidas no filtro sem TiO2 e sem o acionamento das lâmpadas UV, 71% deve-se a inativação das bactérias retidas no filtro pelo fotocatalisador sintetizado através da fotocatálise. Este é um resultado bastante similar ao obtido com fotocatalisador comercial P25, ou seja, de também 71%, na inativação de bactérias retidas no filtro através da fotocatálise, após também considerar como concentração inicial as bactérias retidas no filtro sem TiO2 e sem o acionamento das lâmpadas. Indoor air pollution due to the presence of different types of pollutants. Among the various techniques of indoor air treatment highlights the photocatalytic oxidation. The photocatalytic oxidation is an advanced oxidation process, characterized by free radical oxidation, such as the hydroxyl radical, which degrades the polluting compounds into harmless chemical species (usually carbon dioxide and water). This work aimed to prepare and characterize photocatalysts and apply them as an alternative for the treatment of indoor contaminants such as bacteria. The photocatalysts were synthesized by the method of Sol / Gel and deposited on glass fiber filters. The photocatalysts were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Among the results of tests to characterize the photocatalyst synthesized with 0.4 M concentration of TiO2 and the method of deposition and an annealing revealed that under these conditions we get the better dispersion and adhesion of TiO2 in the support and for that reason, was selected for the disinfection tests. The photocatalyst P25 was also used for disinfection tests and was prepared in the same concentration and same method of deposition and annealing criteria selected for comparison. To perform these tests, we used the Escherichia coli bacteria and a pilot plant, which consisted of a recirculating air duct, made by a fan. Briefly, the operation of the installation consisted of spraying a bacterial culture of E. Coli, via a nebulizer within the duct. The pilot had four UV lamps arranged perpendicularly to the passage of air, which were activated in two stages of the experiment. One without the willingness of any filter in the pipeline, in order to identify the efficiency of disinfection by photolysis. Later, tests were performed with the filter with TiO2 under UV irradiation. The experiments were conducted in times of recirculation flow of bacteria from two and ten minutes. The samples collected by Petry plates were exposed for two minutes over two periods of recirculation analyzed. These plates were placed after the section where were positioned the lamps and the filter. With the use of photocatalyst chosen, the values obtained very interesting results in the disinfection of bacteria, especially with the recirculation time of ten minutes. One of the values was more significant with the use of filter and UV lamps activated TiO2 (Photocatalysis), and obtained a percentage of 98% reduction of the initial concentration of bacteria (without the use of lamps without UV filter and activated). Considering how the initial concentration of bacteria trapped in the filter without TiO2 and without activating the UV lamps, 71% due to inactivation of bacteria retained on the filter by photocatalyst synthesized by photocatalysis. A similar result to 71% of inactivation bacteria retained on the filter by photocatalysis, after also considering how the initial concentration of bacteria trapped in the filter without TiO2 and without activating the lights, was obtained with the commercial photocatalyst P25.

Tese de doutoramento em Farmácia (Bromatologia), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Farmácia, 2009 Nível de preservação: critical, Criado em: 2009-05-25 14:54:31, Criado por: super:MARTA, Alterado em: 2009-09-02 17:31:27, Modificado por: super:MARTA Made available in DSpace on 2010-06-16T09:46:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 17702_Doutoramento_Claudia_Afonso.pdf: 2059547 bytes, checksum: bda79cf92e3bb8cd155d59c624c8260e (MD5) 17702.xml: 15096 bytes, checksum: 4b832fc334e9d739fb220ceadb2b4fb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009

Introdução: O Clostridium difficile é o principal agente da diarreia nosocomial nos países desenvolvidos e a sua incidência, morbilidade e mortalidade têm vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos. Os principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença são a antibioterapia prévia, a idade avançada e o tempo de hospitalização. Objetivos: Caracterizar a ocorrência de diarreia associada ao Clostridium difficile na nossa instituição, num período de 8 anos (2000-2008), com análise dos fatores de risco potencialmente implicados nesta população de doentes. Material e métodos: Fizemos um estudo retrospetivo, baseado na consulta de processos clínicos identificados por consulta do diagnóstico de diarreia associada ao Clostridium difficile na base de dados do hospital entre 1 de janeiro de 2000 e 31 de dezembro de 2008. Pesquisaram-se fatores de risco, meios de diagnóstico e complicações da doença. Na análise estatística, para as variáveis contínuas, utilizou-se o teste t de Student e para as variáveis categóricas o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Identificaram-se 37 casos de diarreia associada ao Clostridium difficile no período de estudo (média de idades de 76 anos) sendo que 16 casos ocorreram em 2008. As principais classes de antibióticos implicadas foram as penicilinas, as quinolonas, as cefalosporinas e os carbapenemens. Em 2008, os carbapenemens estiveram mais vezes implicados (p = 0,01), utilizaram-se mais inibidores da bomba dos protões (p = 0,02) e registaram-se mais complicações (p = 0,01). Conclusão: Foi identificado um aumento da incidência de diarreia associada ao Clostridium difficile em 2008, no nosso hospital. Documentou-se igualmente um maior uso de carbapenemes e de IBP nesta população de doentes em 2008. Introduction: In developed countries, Clostridium difficile is responsible for almost all cases of hospital acquired diarrhea and its incidence, morbidity and mortality have increased substantially over the years. The main risk factors implicated are recent antibiotic usage, increasing age and prolonged hospitalization. Objectives: To characterize the occurrence of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in our institution, in an eight-year period between 2000 and 2008, with the analysis of the potentially implicated risk factors. Material and methods:We conducted a retrospective study where we considered patients admitted to our institution between January/2000 and December/2008 with the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea and recorded information regarding risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatment and complications. For the statistical analysis, t Student test and Fisher’s exact test were used. Results: We identified 37 cases of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in the study period (mean age 76 years), 16 of which occurred in the year 2008. Penicillins, quinolones and cephalosporins were the most commonly involved classes of antibiotics. In 2008, carbapenems were used more frequently (p = 0,01), as were the proton pump inhibitors (p = 0,02) and the number of complications rose significantly (p = 0,01). Conclusions: In 2008 there was a higher incidence of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in our institution. We also encountered an increased use of carbapenems and proton pump inhibitors in that same time period.

Background and Aims: Hepatic steatosis is very frequent in thegeneral population, mostly associated with obesity and insulinresistance. Typical dietary patterns have been difficult to identifywith controversial information. We aimed to estimate in a represen-tative sample of the Portuguese adult population, what was thecontribution of the dietary pattern in what concerns macronutrientsand food groups for the presence of steatosis as well as the othertraditional risk factors for steatosis. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

rostate cancer is the most common neoplasm affecting en, with an estimated 4,000 new cases diagnosed each ear in Portugal.1 Currently, curative treatment options for en with localized prostate cancer include radical prostaectomy, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and prostate rachytherapy (BT) with permanent interstitial implants. his later modality is being increasingly used because it rovides similar disease control with lower rates of inconinence and sexual dysfunction. However, it can lead to hronic radiation proctitis, because of the close proximty between the rectum and the implanted prostate.2 The ain manifestations of chronic radiation proctitis are rectal leeding, urgency, pain, strictures, mucous discharge and ncontinence and they may take up to two years to develop. he association of BT with EBRT raises the incidence of procitis from 1--19% to 39%.3 Treatment options include medical therapy (aminosalicyates, sucralfate, steroid enemas and hyperbaric oxygen), ndoscopic therapy preferably with argon plasma coaglation (safer, less expensive and more widely available han heater and bipolar cautery, Nd:YAG laser and topical

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar / Instituto Superior de Agronomia Portugal é o país da União Europeia com o consumo per capita de pescado mais elevado, cerca de 147 g/dia. Apesar do consumo de peixe ser cada vez mais recomendado numa alimentação equilibrada, não só pela diversidade de espécies, mas também pelos importantes benefícios para a saúde dos consumidores, é importante considerar alguns dos riscos mais relevantes associados ao consumo destes produtos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os principais riscos (metilmercúrio, MeHg) e benefícios (ácido eicosapentaenóico + ácido docosahexaenóico, EPA+DHA e selénio, Se) associados ao consumo das espécies de peixe mais consumidas em Portugal, nos refeitórios escolares e com interesse comercial/nutricional. A metodologia usada nesta avaliação foi baseada na mais avançada modelação matemático-estatística e nos teores de MeHg, EPA+DHA e Se proveniente do peixe cru e/ou cozinhado bem como na bioacessibilidade/biodisponibilidade dos compostos estudados. Para os cenários propostos, considerou-se que uma dose é a porção de parte edível de peixe recomendada nutricionalmente, numa refeição, sendo 50g para adultos e 25g para crianças em idade pré-escolar. A metodologia permitiu avaliar o binómio risco-benefício para diferentes cenários de consumo, incluindo efeitos do consumo de peixe na prevenção de doenças coronárias e na alteração do QI de crianças. Portanto, este trabalho permitiu avanços na avaliação dos níveis de consumo recomendáveis das principais espécies de peixe consumidas. A nível do EPA+DHA e Se, espécies como o salmão e a sardinha, oferecem o máximo benefício na prevenção de doenças coronárias, razão molar Se:MeHg e Se-HBV superior. Relativamente ao MeHg, espécies como a tintureira, podem representar um risco mesmo apenas considerando uma refeição/semana, apesar de não conferirem perdas de pontos no QI de crianças como resultado da frequência do consumo materno de peixe N/A

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Qualidade e Segurança Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia This study aimed to identify the hazard associated with raw a cooked blue shark consumption given the bioaccessibility of Se, Hg and MeHg, using in vitro digestion method. After culinary treatments was verify an increase of Se, Hg and MeHg content, where in grilled blue shark was the one displaying highest values. The results of the bioaccessibility assessment of Se, Hg and MeHg in raw and cooked blue shark showed that Se bioaccessibility was higher than 83% (grilling treatment), but for Hg and MeHg showed a lower bioaccessibility, namely on grilled blue shark, which was the one displaying lowest values of 52 and 53%, respectively. A hazard assessment of raw and cooked blue shark consumption on the basis of the MeHg content on initial sample and after human digestion simulation was carried out. Considering an adult with 60 kg and infant 20 kg body weight, showed that all samples analysed exceeded the PTWI and TWI ratios established by FAO/WHO and EFSA, respectively. However, all Se-Heath Beneficial Values were negative, thus meaning a high MeHg health risk in the consumption of this species