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Objective To assess vulvovaginal symptoms and urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women. Secondarily to evaluate factors related to the severity of vulvovaginal symptoms and the internal consistency of the used tools. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the Spanish language version of the 21-item Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire (VSQ) and the 3-item International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-SF) were applied to 122 postmenopausal Spanish women aged 45 to 75 years. Results Mean age of the whole sample was 59.5 ± 4.9 years; 89.3% had natural menopause, 77.9% reported vulvovaginal symptoms, 54.9% had urinary incontinence, 54.1% were sexually active, and 77.0% currently had a partner. Calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.87 and 0.88 for the VSQ and the ICIQ-SF, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis determined that total VSQ scores (more severe vulvovaginal symptoms) were positively correlated with female age, parity, surgical menopause, being sexually active, economic problems, phytoestrogen use, and more severe urinary incontinence. An inverse correlation was found with urban residency and time since menopause onset. Conclusions Internal consistency of the VSQ and the ICIQ-SF was good in this postmenopausal sample in which age, sexual activity, urinary incontinence, drug use, and other personal aspects were important covariates determining the severity of vulvovaginal symptoms.

Adolescents living with HIV require engagement with care providers in order to access the critical medical and psychosocial services they need. The current study sought to explore developmental determinants of adherence to medical appointments as one aspect of engagement in care among a geographically diverse sample of 200 gay/bisexual male adolescents (16–24 years) living with HIV, with a specific focus on ethnic identity, sexual orientation identity, and identity as a young man living with HIV. Ethnic identity affirmation (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9), morality of homosexuality (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.5), and HIV-positive identity salience (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.9, 2.4) were associated with significantly higher risk for missed appointments in the past three months. These findings highlight the importance of attending to developmental factors, such as the development of multiple identities, when attempting to increase engagement in care for gay/bisexual male adolescents living with HIV.

Javier Haya-Palazuelos1, Camil Castelo-Branco2,3, Maria J. Cancelo-Hidalgo4,5, Santiago Palacios6, Manel Ciria-Recasens7, Antonio Fernandez-Pareja8, Jose Manasanch-Dalmau9,∗ 1 Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain 2 Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain 3 Institut dInvestigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 4 Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain 5 Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain 6 Palacios Institute of Woman’s Health, Madrid, Spain 7 Reumatology Department Parc de Salut Mar. Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain 8 CMS Hortaleza, Madrid, Spain 9 Pierre Fabre Iberica, Barcelona, Spain