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The aim of this study was to examine athlete engagement and its relationships with indicators of the quality of the athlete’s sport experience, exploring potential differences according to gender, age, and competitive level. Furthermore, this study validated the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) in young athletes and confirmed its factor structure. A total of 1188 athletes (43.90% girls) from Argentina participated in the study, with a mean age of 15.92 (SD = 2.50). The participants completed the AEQ along with other measures of athletes’ quality of experience, such as motivation, enjoyment, and burnout. This study confirmed the multidimensional nature of engagement, showing positive associations with high-quality athlete experiences and revalidating the inverse relationship with burnout. Moreover, the study found differences in engagement dimensions (i.e., confidence, vigor, dedication, and enthusiasm) based on the interplay of gender, age, and competitive level. In general, male athletes, younger athletes, and those with a higher competitive level showed more engagement and interactions between these sociodemographic variables. The Argentinian version of AEQ exhibited optimal fit and reliability and good indexes of measurement invariance across gender, age, and competitive level. These findings validate the AEQ as a reliable tool for evaluating sport engagement among adolescents in Argentina. Engagement constitutes an indicator of an optimal experience linked to positive youth development through sports participation.

Sport is considered an exceptional activity for promoting healthy lifestyles, but the relationship between sport and alcohol consumption is inconclusive. Research on personal values may shed light on this issue and thus make it possible to find effective ways to prevent alcohol misuse in adolescents. The main objectives of this study were to explore the relationships between personal values and alcohol consumption amongst adolescent athletes and to validate the Portrait Values Questionnaire-21 (PVQ-21) in this population. A total of 914 athletes (aged 11–19; 55.4% female) participated in this study. Confirmatory multidimensional scaling analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess the predictive power of personal values on alcohol use. Openness to change values positively predicted high-frequency alcohol use and high-frequency heavy episodic drinking, whereas the opposite occured with athletes who held conservation values. Furthermore, the probability of presenting heavy episodic drinking was negatively associated with conservation values. Finally, the PVQ-21 presented adequate psychometric properties to assess personal values among adolescent athletes. It is crucial to consider the personal values of adolescent athletes when promoting healthy lifestyles through sport.

Abstract Background Research on procrastination, regarding time perspective factors and basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) has placed this problem at the meeting point of individual and contextual variables. The present study focused both on the individual, given that time perspectives can be defined as a person’s attitude to an object (time) at three moments (present, past, future); and on contextual aspects, because the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy, relatedness) is facilitated or made difficult by social contexts. Based on this, the aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between time perspectives and inter-subject procrastination variations, testing the moderating role of BPNS in this relationship. Method A total of 1,188 undergraduate students, aged 17–50 years (M = 20.02, SD = 2.63), completed three questionnaires containing the variables of interest. Results Regression analyses showed significant negative (thus, potentially protective) association of future time perspective with all three procrastination dimensions (decisional procrastination, implemental delay, and lateness). Conversely, past-negative time perspective showed a positive (thus, potentially adverse) association with procrastination. Satisfaction of the need for competence also showed a negative (thus, potentially protective) association with all procrastination dimensions. On eight occasions, the relationships between time perspectives and procrastination dimensions were moderated by psychological need satisfaction. Conclusions These findings show that BPNS may play relevant roles in the negative (favourable) relationships between procrastination dimensions and positive time perspectives, as well as in the positive (adverse) associations between negative time perspectives and procrastination dimensions. Contextual interventions fostering enhanced levels of perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as well as future time perspective, are thus strong candidates to consider for use and evaluation by policy makers, pedagogues, teachers, coaches and other professionals interested in counteracting procrastination tendencies.

Background: Alcohol consumption among young people is a significant public health concern. Previous studies have indicated that participation in sports, through the positive experiences it offers, may function as a protective factor against alcohol intake. This study aimed to examine the influence of enjoyment and personal fulfillment on adolescent alcohol use, exploring the role of engagement with sports as a mediating variable. Methods: A total of 370 adolescents (mean age = 15.08; SD = 1.48) participated in the study and completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, the Enjoyment in Sports Scale, and the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire. Results: The results demonstrated that enjoyment is related to lower alcohol consumption through personal fulfillment and engagement in sporting activity. Conclusions: It is crucial to facilitate positive experiences in sport that promote engagement and generate a sense of personal fulfillment, as these factors may reduce the likelihood of risky alcohol consumption.

Background: Fear of fat is a relevant variable in initiating weight regulation behaviors in adolescents. However, little is known about the experiential and behavioral change processes that mediate the choice between healthy and unhealthy weight regulation behaviors in this population. Method: The general objective was to examine the predictive role of fear of fat on weight-related behaviors (healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviors) through the mediation of experiential and behavioral change processes (consciousness raising, counterconditioning, helping relationships, reinforcement management, self-liberation, self-reevaluation, stimulus control, substance use) in 838 adolescents aged 15–19 years from Mexico and Spain using parallel mediation analysis. Additionally, the study examined the correlations between the variables with regard to gender and country, as well as the differences in the use of processes of change across stages of change through the use of a multivariate analysis of variance. The Spanish version of the Fear of Fat, Stages of Change, Processes of Change, and Weight-Related Behaviors scales were used. Results: The mediation analysis showed that fear of fat predicted healthy weight control behaviors through consciousness raising, self-liberation, and stimulus control. On the other hand, fear of fat predicted unhealthy weight control behaviors through counterconditioning, stimulus control, and the use of weight loss substances. Intervening to reduce fear of fat may be a way to modify the processes of change used by adolescents to regulate their weight. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that adolescents may initiate weight control behaviors as a result of fear of fat. This process is mediated by experiential and behavioral processes that influence weight regulation.

IntroductionThis study aims to understand how emotions and motivation influence the academic achievement of physical education (PE) students and their future intention to practice physical activity (PA). Despite the influence on student’s behaviors and the reciprocal associations between motivation and emotion, the number of studies addressing both constructs at the same level is very limited.MethodsA structural equation model was used with 799 students aged 11–17 years (M = 13.16; SD = 1.17).Results and discussionThe results showed that the teacher support of the basic psychological needs (BPN) predicted students’ BPN satisfaction, which in turn predicted their autonomous motivation and positive emotions, and negatively predicted their negative emotions. Finally, autonomous motivation predicted students’ intention to be physically active, whereas academic achievement was predicted by both autonomous motivation and emotions. We conclude that to better understand the consequences of PE classes, it is necessary to consider both constructs.

BackgroundThere is a need to understand better factors influencing participation in physical education (PE) and the mechanisms involved. The adolescent years are characterised by increasing levels of body-related concerns. In PE, the body is judged for its physical abilities and subject to social comparisons and body judgements. Grounded in the Self-Determination Theory, this study aimed to explore whether body-related factors were associated with adolescents’ involvement in PE and whether types of motivation mediated this relationship.MethodsThe study involved 2,140 (54.5% girls) secondary students (15–16-year-olds) from Norway participating in the nationally representative “Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: a WHO collaborative cross-national study.” Body-related factors included Body Mass Index (BMI), health complaints, body perception and dietary behaviours. Gender, age, and socioeconomic status (family affluence) were control variables. Motivation for PE was assessed with the Perceived Locus of Causality (PLOCQ) scale measuring three distinct factors: autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and amotivation. PE involvement was self-reported as weekly participation in PE classes and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during PE.ResultsGender (girl), family affluence, health complaints, not being on a diet but wanting to lose weight, and body perception (too fat) were negatively associated with weekly PE participation when adjusting for other variables. This association was largely explained by students’ autonomous motivation in the case of health complaints and partly in the case of dietary behaviour and body perception. Similar results were observed for MVPA during PE lessons. Additionally, gender was associated with MVPA through amotivation.ConclusionThe study adds new knowledge to the understanding of the relationship between body-related factors and PE, supporting that autonomous motivation is a central mechanism and an avenue for further research. The results should be considered in planning high-quality PE classes and suggest that an autonomous supportive learning climate sensitive to body-related concerns should be a priority to increase adolescent involvement in PE.

(1) Background: Insufficient physical activity in adolescents remains an important issue for health promotion. Given the current relevance of understanding the adoption and maintenance of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), the aim of this study was to analyze, in a sample of adolescents, the role of grit personality as an antecedent of healthy eating and healthy weight (HEW) self-efficacy and its implications for the practice of MVPA. (2) Methods: Participants were 987 adolescents (597 girls, 390 boys) aged between 15 and 19 years from Mexico and Spain. The Spanish versions of the grit personality scale, the healthy eating and weight self-efficacy scale and the global physical activity questionnaire were used to measure the variables of interest. (3) Results: Mediated regression analysis showed that grit personality was not directly related to MVPA practice. However, the results indicate the significant relationship between grit personality and HEW self-efficacy, as well as the positive and significant relationship of this self-efficacy on MVPA practice. HEW self-efficacy totally mediated the relationship between grit personality and MVPA in both boys and girls. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that having a grit personality (i.e., having interest and perseverance) is not enough for adolescents to be physically active, but that perceiving oneself as effective in having a healthy diet and healthy weight may be the key for adolescents to move more. At the intervention level, we suggest targeting an enhancement of young people’s competence to eat healthily and regulate their weight as a strategy to enhance the performance of more MVPA, with a possible transfer between healthy behaviors (spill over).

Adolescents’ beliefs in romantic myths of love have been related to cyber dating violence victimization. However, these relationships could be mediated by adolescents’ tolerant attitudes toward dating abuse and be different for adolescent boys and girls. A better understanding of these relationships is important for developing more effective prevention programs. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the relationships between beliefs in romantic myths and cyber dating violence victimization in adolescents, analyzing the possible mediating role of tolerant attitudes toward abuse and the possible moderator role of gender. Participants were 467 Spanish adolescents who had a romantic relationship (54.4% girls; Mage = 15.09). Results showed positive significant direct and indirect relationships, through tolerant attitudes toward abuse, between beliefs in romantic myths and cyber dating violence victimization. Gender was not a moderator variable in the direct relationships, but its moderator role was supported in the indirect relationships. Stronger positive links between romantic myths and tolerant attitudes toward abuse, and between tolerant attitudes and cyber-control victimization, were found in adolescent girls. These findings highlight the need to consider tolerant attitudes toward abuse in intervention programs designed to prevent cyber dating violence victimization in adolescents and continue to analyze gender differences in variables related to cyber dating violence victimization.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of beta-lactamase- (bla) producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital effluent samples from two level II and III hospitals in Lima, Peru. The resistance profile of the isolated bacteria was identified and characterized using the MicroScan system for 18 antimicrobials, and the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) (blaCTX-M, blaSHV blaTEM, blaPER) and carbapenemases (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP) resistance genes was determined by conventional PCR. Thirty-two isolates were identified (20 Enterobacteriaceae and 12 gram-negative bacteria). All the isolated bacteria showed multidrug resistance. ESBL (blaTEM) and carbapenemase (blaKPC, blaIMP) genes were found in samples from the hospitals that we evaluated. The release of these microorganisms to public areas and the lack of treatment of the hospital effluents could be an important public health problem.

Physical literacy is crucial for children’s appropriate development and physical, social and mental health. In a school setting, class-based physical activity (PA) interventions are considered to be appropriate programs to foster PA participation and cognitive development. The purpose of this project, named the Active Learning in PHYsical Literacy (ALPHYL) study, was to describe a multicomponent classroom-based physically-active learning randomised control trial (RCT) in primary school children. The main purpose was to promote children’s physical literacy, academic achievement and cognitive function. The ALPHYL study is mainly based on physical literacy, active school models and the Supportive, Active, Autonomous, Fair and Enjoyable principles. The ALPHYL is an 8–10-week RCT to be conducted in six primary schools (12 classes) in Valencia (Spain) and its metropolitan area. Schools will be randomly assigned to the intervention or waiting-list control group. After a 30 h in-person training course for teachers and weekly meetings in the three months of resource preparation, the ALPHYL intervention will be conducted in physical education (PE) and non-PE lessons by teachers. The intervention consists of at least three daily sessions of physically active learning in addition to model-based PE teaching. Its feasibility will be evaluated weekly according to the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework. To assess its effectiveness, a pre-test, post-test and retention (8–10 weeks post-intervention) with primary outcomes (i.e., PA level, motor competence, perceived motor competence and PL, motivation, perceived social support, academic achievement and cognitive function), secondary outcomes and covariates will be collected.

En la presente investigación se analiza la relación entre el sentimiento de aceptación familiar y las distintas dimensiones de la conducta prosocial en menores infractores en régimen de internamiento. El interés está también en determinar el rol mediador y moderador que tienen los factores de personalidad (modelo de los “cinco grandes”) en la relación entre el sentimiento de aceptación familiar y la conducta prosocial. La muestra está formada por 162 menores infractores con edades entre los 14 y los 22 años (M = 17.10, DT = 1.41), con medida judicial de internamiento en centros de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (España). Los resultados obtenidos indican que no hay una relación directa entre el sentimiento de aceptación familiar y las distintas dimensiones de la conducta prosocial, pero sí efectos indirectos a través de los factores de personalidad de estabilidad emocional y responsabilidad (conciencia). Así, los datos sugieren que la estabilidad emocional tiene un rol mediador en la relación entre el sentimiento de aceptación familiar y la conducta prosocial en sus dimensiones de altruismo y conducta anónima y la responsabilidad (conciencia) un rol moderador. Este trabajo pone de manifiesto la importancia de la familia en el desarrollo positivo de los rasgos de responsabilidad y estabilidad emocional de los hijos, siendo estos rasgos de personalidad las variables con efecto directo en las conductas de prosocialidad en menores con medidas judiciales de internamiento.

The aim of this research was to examine the relationships between transformational parenting, autonomy support displayed by mothers and fathers, and sport burnout in 360 junior soccer players (324 males, range age = 12-18 years). To this end, four steps were followed. Steps 1 and 2 tested the psychometric properties (i.e., factorial structure, internal consistency, and evidence of discriminant validity) of the Spanish version of the Transformational Parenting Questionnaire (TPQ), and steps 3 and 4 examined the proposed relationships. Overall, the Spanish TPQ demonstrated adequate factorial validity and satisfactory internal consistency, representing a valid and reliable adaptation of the instrument. The results also suggested a positive association between transformational parenting and autonomy support by both parents, and a negative association between transformational parenting and sport burnout, mediated by autonomy support by mothers but not by fathers. Additionally, players who perceived their families as employing highly transformational parenting displayed lower levels of sport burnout than players who perceived their families as displaying low levels of transformational parenting behaviours. Findings support the positive consequences of displaying transformational parenting and autonomy-supportive environments in preventing young soccer players' burnout.

This study examined the relationships between grit personality, self-efficacy, motivation (autonomous, controlled, and amotivation), and the readiness to change index toward exercise. Participants were 391 adults aged between 18 and 64 years old (M = 31.16; SD = 12.45) from Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico) who completed questionnaires (i.e., the Grit Personality Scale, the Exercise Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire and the Stages of Change Questionnaire for Physical Activity) measuring the variables of interest. The reliability of the instruments was tested using Cronbach's alpha, whereas confirmatory factor analyses were performed for each instrument separately. A measurement model and a structural equation model were assessed as well. The results of the structural equations model showed that grit personality was positively associated with self-efficacy, and in turn, with autonomous motivation and with the readiness to change index. On the other hand, self-efficacy was negatively correlated with controlled motivation, and positively correlated with the readiness to change index. Finally, self-efficacy also showed a negative correlation with amotivation, which, in turn, was negatively correlated with the readiness to change index. These results provide information to develop psychological intervention programs based on grit personality and motivation, with the aim of increasing the number of participants who engage in exercise.

Controversies remain regarding the periodicity, or seasonality, of otolith growth band formation, which directly influences a correct age determination of Atlantic bluefin tuna using this structure. The aim of this work was to apply marginal increment analysis and marginal edge analysis to determine the timing of band deposition. The index of completion was analyzed using general additive models to evaluate the importance of variables, such as month, age/size, and reader. Results indicate that the opaque band formation begins in June and is completed by the end of November. From the end of the year to the beginning of the following year, there is minimal marginal edge growth as the translucent band begins to form. The translucent zone then reaches a maximum development in May. The results obtained in this study provide evidence that the annulus formation in the otoliths of Atlantic bluefin tuna are completed later in the calendar year than previously thought. This would mean it is necessary to delay the date of the current July 1st adjustment criterion to November 30.

BackgroundCertain weather conditions are clearly harmful, increasing the risk of injury of winter sports participants substantially. The objective of this study was to investigate actual speeds of skiers on signposted groomed slopes and to measure their skill to accurately estimate them with regard to environmental conditions such as visibility, sky cover, snow quality, wind and temperature.MethodsThe data were obtained from a sample of 421 adult recreational skiers taking ski courses. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore the relationship between actual and estimated speed for all participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to measure the effect of environmental conditions on both the skiers' actual speeds and their errors of estimation. Values of 0.05 or less were considered to indicate statistical significance.ResultsThe Pearson correlation coefficient between estimated and actual speed was 0.90 (P < 0.001). Skiers underestimated their actual speed on average by 13.06 km/h or 24.1%. Visibility, quality of snow and wind speed were shown to significantly affect both actual maximum speed and estimated speed. Good visibility, grippy snow and calm wind were associated with both the highest actual maximum speed and the lowest ability to estimate it.ConclusionCertain environmental conditions are associated with the actual speed at which skiers travel and with their ability to estimate it. Visibility, quality of snow and wind speed seem to influence both actual speed and the ability to estimate it while sky cover and temperature do not. A reinforced understanding of skiing speed on signposted groomed slopes is useful to gain insight into crashes and the mechanisms of resulting injuries, to evaluate means of protection and to devise successful prevention policies in ski resorts.

Speed is a main factor affecting the kinematic of snow-sports accidents and the degree of severity of the resulting injuries. The aim of this study was to measure on-slope actual maximum speeds of snowboarders and to assess their ability to accurately them with regard to individual factors such as gender, skill level, age and risk-taking behaviour and actual maximum speed. The data were obtained from a sample of 312 (67% male, 33% female) adult recreational snowboarders taking lessons in one of the major resorts in the Spanish Pyrenees. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between maximal measured actual speed and estimated speed for all participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the impact of individual factors on both the snowboarders' actual maximum speed and their error of estimation. The Pearson correlation coefficient between estimated and actual maximum speed was 0.52 (P < 0.001) for all participants. They underestimated their actual maximum speed on average by 10.05 km/h or 28.62%. All assessed factors were shown to significantly affect the snowboarders' actual maximum speed. However, gender, skill level, age and actual maximum speed were shown to significantly affect the snowboarders' error of estimation, while risk-taking behavior did not. Gender, skill level, age and risk-taking behaviour are associated with the actual maximum speed at which snowboarders ride, while the same individual factors, except for risk-taking behaviour, and their snowboarding speed seem to affect the ability to estimate actual maximum speeds in adult recreational snowboarders. The ability to estimate actual speed accurately is an important factor to avoid accidents on ski slopes and, therefore, having snowboarders informed about the benefits of speed self-awareness is a key matter for prevention purposes.

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la presencia de metales pesados (Pb, Cd y As) en suelos agrícolas y suelos para cultivo de Solanum tuberosum de la Bahía Interior de Puno; las muestras fueron analizadas mediante el método espectrometría de emisión óptica ICP-OES para la cuantificación de elementos traza. La concentración de metales fueron comparados con los parámetros establecidos en los ECA para suelo D.S.N° 011 – 2017 MINAM y el CCME. Los resultados muestran que los suelos en estudio se encuentran contaminados por Plomo (505,2 mg/kg) y Arsénico, (40,19 mg/kg), superando los parámetros establecidos; situación que merece una remediación inmediata, concluyendo en que las muestras analizadas presentan tendencias de mayor acumulación de plomo, arsénico y cadmio por encontrarse alrededor de la laguna de oxidación que es la principal vía de contaminación, además de la actividad antropogénicas.

The pictorial scale of Physical Self-Concept in Children (P-PSC-C) is a relatively new instrument for investigating physical self-concept in childhood. The current study aims to examine the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the P-PSC-C, and also to analyse the validity according to the children’s age. A sample of 365 primary school age (M = 9.21, SD = 1.92) students participated; divided in two groups, those aged 9 or younger and those 10-11 years old. Surveys were used to assess perceived physical concept individually. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with diagonally weighted least square estimator specifically designed for ordinal data and a scaled test statistic was conducted. Ordinal alpha using a polychoric correlation matrix and Kendall’s τ were used to analyse reliability and correlation between items, respectively. The results of the CFA showed a one-dimensional excellent fit for the whole sample. According to the age groups, the CFA revealed that the item assessing flexibility had a low factor loading for older children ( = .11). Weak invariance was shown for gender. Item statistics and reliability values were otherwise good. This study shows a high potential for the pictorial scale to be suitable for the given age groups in measuring physical self-concept. Resumen La escala pictográfica de Autoconcepto Físico en niños y niñas es un instrumento novedoso para investigar el autoconcepto físico en la niñez. Este estudio pretende analizar la validez y fiabilidad de la versión española de la escala pictográfica de Autoconcepto Físico en niños y niñas, también según su edad. En el estudio participó una muestra de 365 niños y niñas (M = 9.21, D.T. = 1.92) de centros educativos de infantil y primaria que fueron divididos en dos grupos, aquellos de 9 años o menores y los de 10-11 años. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales para medir el autoconcepto físico. Se aplicaron pruebas de análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) con estimaciones específicas ponderadas de mínimos cuadrados diseñado específicamente para datos ordinales. Para analizar la fiabilidad y correlación entre ítems, se utilizó una matriz policórica de correlación y la τ de Kendall, respectivamente. Los resultados del AFC para toda la muestra de estudio mostraron un ajuste unidimensional excelente. Respecto a la validez según los grupos de edad, los AFC mostraron que el ítem de flexibilidad tuvo una carga factorial baja e insuficiente en los niños de mayor edad ( = .11). Según el sexo, la invarianza fue débil. Los datos estadísticos de los ítems y la fiabilidad fueron buenos. Este estudio muestra un alto potencial para la utilización de la escala pictográfica para medir el autoconcepto físico en los grupos de edad analizados. La escala pictográfica de autoconcepto físico es relativamente nueva para estudiar el autoconcepto físico en la niñez.

Students’ autonomous self-regulation requires not only self-motivation but also volition or transforming motivation into specific behavioral intentions and following through. Self-regulation includes self-motivation (i.e., goal setting, learning from mistakes) and volitional regulation (i.e., strategic decision making). Furthermore, individual differences, like trait-level perseverance, significantly influence both motivation and volition. Procrastination has been defined as a volitional self-regulation problem, which involves delaying what one had intended to do, in spite of being motivated, and regardless of anticipating adverse consequences. Thus, it is a tendency toward dysregulated behavior - which may stabilize with age - in which subpar self-regulation may lead to procrastination. As a form of dysregulation, procrastination adversely affects young people’s autonomy and well-being by limiting their personal growth. Previous research has confirmed a negative relationship between self-regulation and procrastination. However, more precision is demanded in: (a) examining the intertwined roles of motivational and volitional aspects of self-regulation for procrastination, and (b) distinguishing between different medium, and between medium and high levels of self-regulation. Consequently, it has been suggested that this could be accomplished by means of person-centered analyses, aimed at identifying distinct naturally occurring students’ self-regulation profiles. These profiles would inform differentiated pedagogical approaches to promote self-regulation strategies counteracting procrastination tendencies. We used cluster analysis to identify academic self-regulation profiles and analyze their relationships with procrastination. Participants were 994 young university students from one public and one private university in Catalonia (41.0% men, 58.4% women, and 0.5% non-binary gender). Their age ranged from 18 to 24 years (M = 19.69, SD = 1.41). Sampling method was intentional, with proportional quotas by sex, academic year, and area of knowledge. The instrument used for data collection incorporated the Short Spanish Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSSRQ), which includes four dimensions: perseverance, learning from mistakes, goal setting, and decision making; and the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS), which considers three dimensions: decisional procrastination, implemental delay and lateness. Results obtained by means of cluster analysis distinguished between high and low academic self-regulation profiles, and also between these and two different medium self-regulation profiles, each with specific emphases on particular volitional shortcomings (i.e., weaknesses in decision-making skills and perseverance). These profiles and their relations with procrastination dimensions allow a joint evaluation via structural equation modeling (SEM) to test cognitive motivational strategies (goal setting, decision making, learning from mistakes, and decisional procrastination) together with behavioral aspects (perseverance, implemental delay), considered in the constructs of academic self-regulation and pure procrastination. From this joint evaluation, guidelines are suggested for promoting autonomy among young university students to the detriment of procrastination, thereby – and in accordance with previous research – enhancing students’ well-being and growth.

El documento tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo los estudiantes del nivel medio superior (NMS) involucran y concientizan a su familia, a través de acciones prácticas y viables para conservar y cuidar el entorno escolar y comunitario. La investigación se desarrolla en el marco de la metodología cualitativa. La información se recolectó utilizando el método de observación directa o participante; tareas, bitácoras, asimismo se les aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas para respuestas en forma abierta y cerrada. Esta investigación fue realizada en el Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Industrial y Servicios 212 (CBTis) de Tetla de la Solidaridad, Tlaxcala, México, en el año 2017. Los sujetos de estudio fueron 85 estudiantes y 282 familiares, vinculados para operar su Programa Ambiental Familiar (PAF) como estrategia operativa. Los datos resultantes del trabajo de campo se sistematizaron y procesaron para facilitar su análisis e interpretación. Los estudiantes aplicaron el PAF, con sus familias, así como enseñar a cada uno de sus integrantes para preservar el medio ambiente. Se concluye que la educación ambiental debe ser de padres a hijos y de hijos a padres, esto permite reforzar su propia conciencia, desarrollar, fomentar valores y conductas amigables con el medio ambiente, para el cuidado y conservación de los recursos naturales. La población mexicana necesita fomentar la cultura ambiental.

Resumen: Objetivo: Examinar la fiabilidad y la validez de una escala para evaluar las barreras percibidas en el desplazamiento activo al centro escolar en jóvenes españoles. Método: La validez de la escala fue evaluada en una muestra de 465 adolescentes (14-18 años de edad) mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y a través de la asociación con el transporte activo autorreportado. Una submuestra completó la escala dos veces, con una separación de una semana, a fin de evaluar su fiabilidad. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la escala tenía índices de ajuste satisfactorios con dos factores. Un factor incluyó los ítems relativos a ambiente y seguridad (α = 0,72), y otro los ítems sobre planificación y aspectos psicosociales (α = 0,64). El transporte activo se relacionó significativamente con la puntuación total de la escala de barreras (rho = −0,27; p

Few studies have examined exercise adherence in the Mexican population using self-determination theory proposals and the stages of change model. The objectives of this study were:(a) to translate and adapt the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3) to Mexican Spanish and examine its internal consistency and factorial structure (six dimensions); and (b) to analyse variations in behavioral regulations using the stages of change model. This study included 530 participants between 11 and 76 years old who lived in the metropolitan area of the city of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The Mexican version of the BREQ-3 presented an acceptable six-factor model that agrees with the theory and has good internal consistency. Results showed that the less self-determined regulations (i.e., external and amotivation) predominated in the first stages of change (i.e., pre-contemplation and contemplation) and decreased in the last stages (i.e., action and maintenance); by contrast, the more self-determined regulations (i.e., intrinsic, integrated, and identified) predominated in the last stages (i.e., action and maintenance) and were lower in the first stages (i.e., pre-contemplation and contemplation). Linking these two theoretical constructs contributes to understanding physical exercise adherence.

Background: Based on the refined theory of basic individual values and transformational leadership theory, this study focuses on the associations between coaches’ value priorities and their transformational leadership behaviors, exploring the potential mediation versus moderation effect of two alternative variables in this relationship: perceived club pressure or an autonomy supportive environment.Methods: Participants were 266 basketball coaches (85.7% men) from 17 to 66 years old (M = 32.82, SD = 9.2) from 119 different Spanish clubs. On average, they had worked for their current sport clubs for 5.02 years, and they had a mean of 11.10 years of experience. The coaches were all Spanish speakers, and they trained players at different levels of competition.Results: The stronger the importance of the coaches’ self-transcendent values (i.e., universalism and benevolence), the more they displayed transformational behaviors (i.e., individual consideration, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and fostering acceptance of group goals) toward the basketball players and perceived a more autonomy supportive environment and lower pressure from the club. Coaches who held conservation values (i.e., humility and face) displayed inspirational motivation behaviors. When coaches held openness to change values (i.e., stimulation and self-direction thought), they tended to display inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation. Finally, coaches who held beliefs in self-enhancement values (i.e., power) displayed lower transformational behaviors (intellectual stimulation and fostering acceptance of group goals) toward their basketball players, and they perceived higher pressure from the club and a less autonomy supportive environment. Moreover, the club’s autonomy supportive environment played a mediator role between self-transcendence values and some transformational behaviors; however, moderator effects were not significant, with the exception of coaches with self-enhancement values, who tended to avoid intellectual stimulation to a larger extent when they perceived high levels of pressure at the club.Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of identifying the value base on which to develop transformational leadership programs in order to enhance positive experiences in the sport domain.

Drawing on the self-determination framework, the study examined the effect of coaches’ autonomy support on the leisure experience of young male football players. Specifically, a model was tested analyzing the long-term predictive power of the players’ perceptions of the coaches’ autonomy support at the beginning of the season on the subjective vitality of young football players at the end of the season, through needs satisfaction and intrinsic motivation (IM). Moreover, we tested whether the effects of coaches’ autonomy support on the aforementioned variables (needs satisfaction, IM, and subjective vitality) at the end of the season remained at the beginning of the following season. Because the coach in the second season was not the same one as in the first season, the perception of coaches’ autonomy support at the beginning of the second season was used as a control variable. Three hundred and sixty football players (M age = 12.60 years; SD = 0.52) completed a questionnaire on the variables of interest at the beginning of the first season (T1), at the end of the first season (T2), and at the beginning of the second season (T3). The results of the path analyses showed that players’ perceptions of coaches’ autonomy support at the beginning of the season (T1) positively predicted needs satisfaction at the end of the first season (T2), which in turn predicted IM at the end of the first season (T2). Additionally, IM significantly and positively predicted subjective vitality at the end of the first season (T2). Finally, needs satisfaction, IM, and subjective vitality at the end of the second season (T2) positively predicted these same variables at the beginning of the second season (T3). Results emphasized the importance of the autonomy support offered by the coach in promoting the quality of young people’s leisure experience playing football and its benefits for their well-being.

La intervención del Estado tradicionalmente se ha justificado al afirmar que: “el propósito de toda intervención es mejorar el nivel de bienestar de la sociedad y, en el caso de la intervención en los mercados financieros, ese objetivo adopta la forma de aseguramiento de solvencia y eficiencia del sistema” (Martínez, 2002: 747). Más allá de las limitaciones y críticas que sostenemos en este artículo respecto a la viabilidad de este instrumento de política pública, para incidir sobre los factores estructurales determinantes de la pobreza, que lamentablemente se generaliza y profundiza en la modalidad neoliberal del capitalismo, el propósito de este trabajo es atender los problemas surgidos en el funcionamiento general de las microfinanzas y la necesaria intervención gubernamental, para asegurar la solvencia de las instituciones y la protección de la población usuaria de este tipo de servicios financieros. Se trata, entonces, de una reflexión colectiva de un conjunto de acciones de microfinanciamiento llevadas a cabo en México y en otros países, que podemos denominar complementarias del mercado financiero formal.

This paper is aimed at describing how students, based on their gender, innovate actions in favor of the environment, in order to recover their role in the promotion of environmental education, as well as the activities that motivate them and that they like to maintain their school. The research is conducted within a qualitative methodology framework, with a sample of 80 male and female high school students. The information is collected using direct observation, questionnaires, and students’ opinions and is later systematized and processes for analysis and interpretation using a descriptive methodology. Results show differences and preferences between genders to innovate and mitigate problems, as well as differences in the reasoning and enthusiasm to perform environmental actions. One of the conclusions is that that women like to take care of the environment more than men since they show more interest in preserving it.

Dentro del contexto deportivo, las personas pueden presentar dos tipos de creencias implícitas sobre la habilidad deportiva, creencias incremental y de entidad, las cuales tienen un papel importante en la conformación de las orientaciones de meta cuando practican deporte. Hasta la fecha no se conocen estudios con población mexicana que hayan examinado la relación entre las creencias implícitas y las orientaciones de meta. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en examinar las creencias implícitas sobre la habilidad y las orientaciones de meta en una muestra de jugadoras de sóftbol de máximo nivel competitivo de México. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 71 jugadoras de sóftbol (Medad = 22.05 años; DT = 6.27; rango = 13-41) pertenecientes a las selecciones de seis estados de la República Mexicana. Los resultados revelaron buena consistencia interna de los instrumentos. Las jugadoras presentaron una alta creencia incremental y una alta orientación a la tarea. La creencia incremental correlacionó positivamente con la orientación a la tarea, y ésta a su vez con la creencia estable pero de manera negativa. Por su parte, la creencia de entidad correlacionó positivamente con la orientación al ego. La creencia incremental de habilidad percibida predijo la orientación a la tarea y la creencia de entidad predijo la orientación al ego. Se deben desarrollar creencias de que la habilidad se puede mejorar a través del esfuerzo dado las consecuencias positivas que tiene en el fomento de una percepción de competencia orientada a la tarea y ésta a su vez sobre las experiencias deportivas. Abstract. In sport contexts, people can display two different types of implicit beliefs about athletic skills: incremental beliefs and entity beliefs, both playing an important role in setting a particular goal orientation while practicing any sport. There are no studies that examine the relationship between implicit beliefs and goal orientations in Mexican populations so far. The aim of this study was to analyze implicit beliefs about athletic skills and goal orientations in a sample of Mexican high performance softball players. The sample was composed by 71 softball players (Mage = 22.05 years; SD = 6.27; range = 13-41) from selection teams of six states of the Mexican Republic. Preliminary analyses demonstrated good internal consistency of the instruments applied. Players showed high incremental beliefs as well as high task orientation. These variables were also found to be positively correlated. In addition, task orientation was negatively associated with stable beliefs. On the other hand, entity beliefs were positively related to ego orientation. Incremental beliefs predicted task orientation, whereas entity beliefs predicted ego orientation. As our results suggest, we need to foster the belief that skills can be improved through sacrifice, as it would prompt the perception of task-oriented competence, thus having a positive impact on sports experiences.

Los diferentes problemas que ocurren en el medio educativo han sido abordados desde diversos enfoques de análisis. Esta diversidad disciplinaria se deriva de la complejidad de situaciones estudiadas y es resultado de la dificultad en la definición de "lo educativo" como un campo metodológico y teórico (Bertely, 2004). Una de estas situaciones complejas es la Educación Ambiental (EA), que atañe a esta investigación. El objetivo de este artículo es conocer los alcances y las limitaciones de la práctica de la EA para promover y construir una conciencia ambiental entre alumnos del Bachillerato, así como, estimular iniciativas proambientales. La aproximación metodológica adoptada es la Etnografía Institucional (EI) aplicada a la Educación Ambiental, la cual permitirá por un lado retratar la realidad lo más fidedigna posible, y por otro lado, adoptar este retrato a otras situaciones que ocurren en contextos institucionales similares. Entre los resultados encontramos que: (a) los docentes no tienen el perfil deseable para enseñar el curso de Ecología y ellos no tienen los conocimientos ambientales básicos; (b) el programa de estudios en la materia de Ecología ha sido creado de manera superficial y muy general; (c) el curso de Ecología es nominal y (d) la materia de Ecología es impartida en periodos de tiempo cortos y regida por una modalidad preferentemente teórica que práctica. En general, las limitaciones formativas de los docentes y las debilidades de los contenidos programáticos de la materia restringen abordar con interés y dimensionar la problemática ambiental. En consecuencia, se genera en el alumnado una formación sin actitudes y valores ambientales. El profesorado fracasa en su intención de lograr generar estudiantes con conciencia ambiental, propósito central de la materia de Ecología.

ResumenEn el marco de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 1985; 2000), se estudiaron los predictores socio-contextuales y motivacionales de la intención de seguir practicando danza, y el papel del burnout en estas relaciones, poniendo a prueba dos modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los participantes, 197 bailarines vocacionales, completaron los cuestionarios con las variables clave de interés. Los resultados revelaron que las percepciones del apoyo a la autonomía ofrecidas por el profesor de danza actuó como predictor positivo de la motivación autónoma (motivación intrínseca, regulación integrada y regulación identificada) y como predictor negativo de la motivación controlada (regulación externa y regulación introyectada) y de la no motivación. A su vez, la intención de seguir participando en danza fue predicha positivamente por la motivación autónoma y negativamente por la motivación controlada y por la no motivación. En el segundo modelo, la incorporación del burnout como antecedente inmediato de la intención, aumentó la varianza explicada de la intención de continuar participando. La motivación autónoma actuó como predictor negativo del burnout mientras que la motivación controlada y la no motivación presentaron asociaciones positivas con éste. A su vez el burnout se mostró como predictor negativo de la intención de continuar en danza. Los resultados ofrecen apoyo a la teoría de la autodeterminación y destacan los beneficios de promover la motivación autónoma a través de interacciones de apoyo a la autonomía, en un contexto tan complejo como la danza, en el que se valoran tanto los aspectos técnicos como los artísticos.AbstractGrounded in the framework of self-determination theory (Deci y Ryan, 1985; 2000), socio-contextual and motivational predictors of intentions to continue participation in dance, and the role of burnout in these relationships were studied through the testing of two structural equations models, 197 vocational dancers, completed questionnaires assessing the key variables of interest. Results revealed that perceptions of autonomy support, offered by the dance professor, positively predicted dancers’ autonomous motivation (intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, and identify regulation) and were negatively linked to controlled motivation (external and introjected regulation) and amotivation. In turn, intentions to continue participation in dance was predicted positively by autonomous motivation and negatively by controlled motivation as well as amotivation. In the second model, the incorporation of burnout as a proximal antecedent of intention increased the explained variance accounted for intentions to continue. Autonomous motivation negatively and controlled motivation and amotivation positively predicted burnout while a negative path from burnout to intentions to continue participation in dance emerged. Results support self-determination theory and highlight the benefits of promoting autonomous motivation through autonomy-supportive interactions in a context such as dance, where performance and artistry are valued.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar un modelo de educación ambiental para el nivel medio superior de la región Puebla-Tlaxcala, México. El modelo parte de un diagnóstico que se obtiene de los resultados de 327 cuestionarios aplicados a los estudiantes del Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Industrial y de Servicios (CBTis) y Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos Industriales y de Servicio (CETis) y de 10 entrevistas a los maestros que imparten la materia de Ecología. Como resultado del análisis de los instrumentos utilizados se detectan problemas, necesidades e intereses para llevar a cabo la Educación Ambiental de la escuela a la comunidad. Se muestra un modelo de educación ambiental holístico (para el alumno-maestro e institución), que permita mitigar el deterioro de su escuela y comunidad, con las siguientes características: a) que no sea solamente un modelo informativo sino que busque respuestas o soluciones para detener y evitar el deterioro de su escuela y comunidad , b) que parta de las necesidades e intereses de la institución educativa (alumno-maestro) con la finalidad de crear un centro fomentador y activador de la conciencia ambiental y c) que sea capaz de sensibilizar, motivar, lograr conocimiento, actitudes, destrezas, competencias, habilidades, valores y prácticas que beneficien la interacción hombre-naturaleza. Las acciones que se proponen en el modelo están planeadas para que el alumno trabaje por competencias, exigidas en los planes de bachillerato. Asimismo, se proponen actividades para el maestro y la institución (directivos).

OBJETIVO. Analizar las relaciones directas e indirectas entre la competencia deportiva, la motivación autónoma y el bienestar/malestar psicológico en universitarios. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se recogieron datos de 491 universitarios españoles (299 hombres y 192 mujeres) practicantes de actividad deportiva, que se usaron en un diseño de estudio transversal. Se utilizó la técnica estadística de ecuaciones estructurales. RESULTADOS. La percepción de competencia deportiva favoreció el bienestar psicológico directamente, e indirectamente a través de la motivación autónoma. Además, la percepción de competencia se asoció negativamente con el malestar psicológico. CONCLUSIONES. Se destaca la importancia de la percepción de competencia deportiva y de la motivación autónoma como favorecedores del bienestar y evitación del malestar psicológico en universitarios.OBJECTIVE. This research analyzes the direct and indirect relationships among self-motivation, perceived competition and psychological well-being and ill-being. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Data from 491 Spanish college students (299 men and 192 women) who practice sports were collected using a cross-sectional design. Statistical analyses were carried out using structural equation modeling. RESULTS. Psychological well-being was directly fostered by perceived competition and indirectly by self- motivation. Furthermore, perceived competition was negatively associated with psychological ill-being. CONCLUSIONS. Perceived competition and self-motivation are important to the psychological well-being of college students and to avoiding ill-being.

En este estudio cuasi-experimental pre-test post-test sin grupo control, se analizaron los efectos de un programa de intervención, cuyo objetivo fue mejorar el bienestar de los educadores a través de la satisfacción de las necesidades de competencia y de autonomía. Participaron 55 educadores, 24 hombres y 31 mujeres (M edad = 33,6; DT = 8,1) que trabajaban en Centros de Protección de Menores de la Comunidad Valenciana. Los resultados mostraron un cambio significativo en todas las variables en la dirección esperada. Además, informaron que los cambios en la satisfacción de las necesidades de competencia y autonomía produjeron cambios en la autoestima; mientras que las variaciones en la vitalidad subjetiva fueron explicadas a partir del incremento en la satisfacción de la necesidad de autonomía. Los resultados sugieren que se puede promover el bienestar de los educadores a través de cambios en la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas.

La actividad antibacteriana de extractos de hongos marinos se evaluó mediante una prueba de eficiencia, para tal fin los hongos fueron inoculados en medio Agar Extracto Malta (EMA) con 50 % de agua de mar y período de crecimiento de 60 días. Se obtuvieron extractos con una solución de acetona/cloroformo/etanol (3:2:1). La fase orgánica se trató a presión reducida con rotaevaporador (baño de María incorporado a 40 ºC). Con los extractos se realizaron antibiogramas por triplicado. Se midieron los diámetros de los halos de inhibición y se les aplicó una prueba de eficiencia empleando un ANOVA I, y prueba a posteriori Duncan. Los extractos de Aspergillus ochraceus 3MCMC3 y Penicillium citrinum (14) 4MCMC16 presentan propiedades antibacterianas de amplio espectro, inhibiendo el 100 % y 80 % de los gérmenes reveladores, con énfasis hacia la inhibición de Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027, en especial el extracto de Penicillium (1) 3MLLC5 presentó la mayor eficiencia sobre esta cepa; también se encontró que P. aeruginosa 9027 y Escherichia coli 10536 fueron ser los gérmenes reveladores más sensibles. Los hongos marinos seleccionados se perfilan como una fuente de metabolitos secundarios antibacterianos.Anti-bacterial activity of extracts from fungi collected from mangrove Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) roots in Venezuela. The antibacterial activity of marine fungi extracts was evaluated by a test of efficiency. The fungi were previously inoculated in Malt Agar (EMA) extract with 50 % of seawater and growth for 60 days. Triplicate antibiograms were carried out with the extracts. An ANOVA I with a posteriori Duncan test were applied to the diameters of inhibition zones. The extracts of Aspergillus ochraceus 3MCMC3 and Penicillium citrinum (14) 4MCMC16 present wide spectral antibacterial properties, inhibiting 100 % and 80 % of the developing germs, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027. The extract of Penicillium (1) 3MLLC5 had the highest efficiency on this strain; P. aeruginosa 9027 and Escherichia coli 10536 were the most sensitive germs when treated with these extracts. These marine fungi can be an important source of antibacterial secondary metabolites. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (3-4): 761-765. Epub 2007 December, 28.

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la práctica de deporte y la adiposidad corporal mediante la estimación del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y del porcentaje de masa grasa (PMG) en universitarios. La muestra está formada por 121 sujetos (72 hombres y 49 mujeres) de la Universitat de València con una media de edad de 20.46 años ( 2,58). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los hombres son más activos físicamente que las mujeres (p

Development of self-efficacy scales allows the analysis of athletes’ perceptions and examination of the relationship between perception and performance. The aim of this paper was to: (1) develop a specific self-efficacy scale in a taekwondo task, the roundhouse kick, and (2) analyse the sport performance and its relationship with two self-efficacy scales (specific and general) outcomes according to the athletes’ gender. Forty-three taekwondo athletes (33 male and 10 female) participated in this study. The Physical (PSE) and Specific (RKSES) self-efficacy scales were administered. Performance data (impact force and total response time) were acquired by athletes kicking twice to an instrumented target. Results showed that the specific self-efficacy scale has high reliability and is able to predict sport performance in males and females. Males had higher self-efficacy scores and also higher performance results than females. Females’ taekwondo psychological training should be focus on improving their self-efficacy perception in order to increase their performance in the roundhouse kick. This specific self-efficacy scale for the taekwondo roundhouse kick offers empirical information to coaches, sport psychologists and researchers that allow them to predict athletes’ sport performance in the roundhouse kick.

Se realizaron antibiogramas directos para detectar la presencia de bacterias productoras de sustancias antibacterianas aisladas de diferentes organismos marinos, utilizando el patógeno de humanos Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 como germen revelador. Alas bacterias que produjeron sustancias inhibidoras del crecimiento del germen revelador se les realizó pruebas morfológicas, fisiológicas y bioquímicas en función de identificarlas a nivel de género. De un total de 290 cepas 54 (18.6 %) inhibieron el crecimiento del germen revelador, pero sólo 27 se mantuvieron viables. Los grupos más representativos de donde se aislaron las bacterias productoras de sustancias antibacterianas fueron los moluscos bivalvos, las esponjas y corales, presentaron un 41.2, 33.3 y 29.7 %, respectivamente, de bacterias productoras relativas al número de sus aislados. Los organismos que presentaron una mayor proporción de bacterias inhibidoras del germen revelador se aislaron del coral Madracis decactis (62.5 %), la esponja Cliona sp. (57.1 %), y el octocoral Plexaura flexuosa (50.0 %). De las 27 cepas productoras de sustancias antibacterianas que se identificaron, 51.85 % pertenecieron al género Aeromonas y 14.8% al género Vibro. Los resultados muestran la abundancia de bacterias marinas productoras de sustancias antibacterianas, la mayoría de ellas pertenecientes al grupo de las vibrionáceas principalmente aisladas de corales y moluscos bivalvosBacteria from several groups of marine organisms were isolated and, using direct antibiograms, identified those that produce antibacterial substances, using a human pathogenic strain of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 as revealing microorganism. Bacteria which produce substances that inhibite S. aureus growth were identified through morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. Out of 290 bacteria, 54 (18.6 %) inhibited the growth of S. aureus, but only 27 survived for identification. Bivalves, sponges and corals were the most represented from which 41.2, 33.3 and 29.7 %, respectively, produced antibacterial substances of the isolated bacteria in each group. The marine species with highest proportions of these bacteria were the hard coral Madracis decactis (62.5 %), the sponges Cliona sp. (57.1 %) and the octocoral Plexaura flexuosa (50.0 %). Out of the 27 strains that produced antibacterial substances, 51.8 % were Aeromonas spp. and 14.8 % Vibrio spp. Marine bacteria that produce antibacterial substances are abundant, most belong in the Vibrionacea group and were isolated mainly from corals and bivalve mollusks

Se determinó el espectro de acción de las sustancias activas producido por 27 cepas de bacterias marinas inhibidoras de Staphylooccus aureus ATCC 6538 contra bacterias patógenas en animales, realizando antibiogramas con concentraciones bacterianas similares (patrón Mc Farland 0,5). De 27 cepas utilizadas, 3 (11,11%) mostraron actividad en alguna bacteria patógena estudiada. Las cepas patógenas para animales Rhodococcus equi, Listeria monocytogenes y Brucella abortus resultaron ser las más afectadas por las sustancias antibacterianas y la cepa Staphylococcus aureus (aislada de Gallus gallus) la menos afectada. La sustancia activa producida por la cepa marina Chromobacterium sp. SnSF(30)27498 aislada del coral Stephanocoenia michelinii, evidenció un efecto inhibitorio en todas las bacterias patógenas estudiadas (100%); esta sustancia conjuntamente con la producida por la cepa Chromobacterium sp. PaSF(48)27498 aislada del coral Porites astreoides mostraron los mayores halos de inhibición contra las patógenas para animales. Basados en los resultados obtenidos, se consideró que las bacterias marinas poseen un gran potencial para la búsqueda de sustancias activas ante bacterias patógenas para animales de cría.