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Depressive symptoms are a source of significant morbidity in Parkinson's disease (PD). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a promising treatment for depression in PD (dPD); however, data remain limited, including data on optimal electrode placement. In this retrospective study, the investigators aimed to characterize the effects of bifrontal ECT for dPD on psychiatric and motor symptoms, as well as autonomic response.Clinical data were retrieved from a university-affiliated ECT service in Vancouver, British Columbia, for patients with dPD receiving bifrontal ECT between 2014 and 2018. Clinical Global Impression (depressive symptoms) and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (motor symptoms) scores and cardiovascular measurements during ECT, as well as doses of dopaminergic medications, were recorded.Eight patients met criteria for inclusion. Six patients (75%) met response criteria for improvement of depressive symptoms, including 83% of patients who completed a full ECT course. Five patients went on to receive maintenance ECT, with only one patient relapsing by the 1-year follow-up (20%). For patients with motor scales reported, 60% showed a clinically significant improvement in motor symptoms. Among patients who completed ECT, a reduction in the median dopaminergic medication dose was also observed (-350 mg). Two patients discontinued ECT as a result of tolerability concerns. Participants demonstrated a relatively typical pattern of autonomic response to ECT, with low incidence of bradycardic events.The results provide preliminary evidence of the benefit of bifrontal ECT in dPD for both depressive and motor symptoms. The autonomic data suggest that most patients with dPD respond in a typical physiological manner to ECT stimulus; however, further investigation is needed.

Background and Aim While weight gain during infliximab therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common, there has been limited research evaluating its impact on infliximab efficacy. Methods Primary aims of this study were to determine the frequency of excess weight gain (body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg/m2) in children with IBD on maintenance infliximab and evaluate the impact on infliximab dosing, serum trough levels, and treatment failure. Secondary aims were to determine differences in weight gain, treatment characteristics, and clinical/biochemical variables between patients with therapeutic and subtherapeutic maintenance therapy trough levels. We performed a retrospective study of 253 pediatric IBD (75.1% Crohn's disease, 23.3% ulcerative colitis, 1.6% IBD‐unclassified) patients on infliximab followed at BC Children's Hospital between January 2013 and January 2018. Results Median age at infliximab initiation was 13.9 years, median length of follow up was 56.9 months, and 55.7% were males; 10.3% of the cohort demonstrated excess weight gain (7.5% overweight, 2.8% obese). Average mg/kg dosing was not statistically different between groups (normal, overweight, and obese: 6.7, 6.4, and 6.7 mg/kg, respectively, P = 0.52). Median BMI of patients with therapeutic and subtherapeutic trough levels was similar at 19.9 kg/m2 (interquartile range [IQR], 17.3–23.8) and 19.7 kg/m2 (IQR, 17.4–21.9), respectively. BMI had no effect on secondary loss of response to infliximab, with no significant difference between normal and high BMI subgroups (13.4 vs. 16.7%, P = 0.9). Conclusions In a subgroup of pediatric IBD patients on maintenance infliximab, excess weight gain was not associated with higher weight‐based dosing, lower serum trough levels, or increased risk of treatment failure., In a subgroup of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients on maintenance infliximab, 10.3% of the cohort demonstrated excess weight gain. This gain was not associated with higher weight‐based mg/kg dosing, lower serum trough levels, or increased risk of treatment failure.