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çalışma, Türkiye’nin önemli bir fındık bölgesi olan Düzce ilinde yabancı ot sorunu ve mücadelesinde üreticinin bilgi, deneyim ve sorunları çözmedeki yetkinliğini tespit etmek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, Düzce’de 2021-2022 yıllarında toplam 100 fındık üreticisine 30 soru yöneltilmiştir. Anket sonuçlarına göre; üreticilerin %53’ünün eğitim seviyesinin lise ve üzeri olduğu, %52’sinin fındık yetiştiriciliğini aile varlığı olduğu için ve %34’ünün ise geçimlerini sağlamak amacıyla yaptığı anlaşılmıştır. Üreticilerin %84’ünün yabancı otları önemli derecede sorun gördüğü; mücadele için %80’inin biçme, %9’unun ise kimyasal mücadele uyguladığı tespit edilmiştir. Üreticilerin %40’ı fındık yetiştiriciliği dışında sanayi ve ticaret alanında, %17’si kamu kurumlarında çalışarak ek gelir elde ettiklerini; yine %65 gibi büyük bir çoğunluğu ise fındık dışında herhangi bir ürün yetiştirmediklerini beyan etmişlerdir. Üreticiler fındık bahçelerinde sorun olan 45 farklı yabancı ot türü bildirmişlerdir. Bu yabancı ot türlerinden; dam bromu (Bromus tectorum L.), tek yıllık salkımotu (Poa annua L.), yara otu (Prunella vulgaris L.), yonca (Medicago sativa L.), şebrek (Lapsana communis L.), bataklık sinirotu (Plantago lanceolata L.), kuzukulağı (Rumex acetosella L.), ak üçgül (Trifolium repens L.), böğürtlen (Rubus sanctus Schreb), tarla sarmaşığı (Convolvulus arvensis L.), yabani çilek (Fragaria vesca L.) ve kadife otu (Holcus lanatus L.) türlerinin yaygın olduğu bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca, üreticiler mevcut yabancı otlara karşı uyguladıkları kimyasal mücadele ile yabancı ot sorununu belli bir ölçüde çözdüklerini ancak böğürtlen, eğrelti otu, tarla sarmaşığı, ısırgan otu ve köpek dişi ayrığı ile mücadelede yeterli başarı elde edemediklerini belirtmişlerdir.

ABSTRACT Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) refers to unpredictable demise of a person following a seizure. Electroencephalograms can directly measure electrical activity in the brain; however, it cannot predict when seizures will occur. The use of electrocardiograms (ECGs) to monitor changes in brain electrical activity has gained attention, recently. In this case report, we retrospectively reviewed ECGs taken before and after seizure activity in a 75‐year‐old male who had a remote subarachnoid hemorrhage. Interestingly, U‐waves appeared prior to his seizures and disappeared afterward, which suggests ECGs can be used to predict epilepsy in a certain population.

Abstract In this paper we present a method that allows leveraging 3D electron density information to train a deep neural network pipeline to segment regions of high, medium and low electronegativity and classify substances as health hazardous or non-hazardous. We show that this can be used for use-cases such as cosmetics and food products. For this purpose, we first generate 3D electron density cubes using semiempirical molecular calculations for a custom European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) subset consisting of substances labelled as hazardous and non-hazardous for cosmetic usage. Together with their 3-class electronegativity maps we train a modified 3D-UNet with electron density cubes to segment reactive sites in molecules and classify substances with an accuracy of 78.1%. We perform the same process on a custom food dataset (CompFood) consisting of hazardous and non-hazardous substances compiled from European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) OpenFoodTox, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and FooDB datasets to achieve a classification accuracy of 64.1%. Our results show that 3D electron densities and particularly masked electron densities, calculated by taking a product of original electron densities and regions of high and low electronegativity can be used to classify molecules for different use-cases and thus serve not only to guide safe-by-design product development but also aid in regulatory decisions. Scientific contribution We aim to contribute to the diverse 3D molecular representations used for training machine learning algorithms by showing that a deep learning network can be trained on 3D electron density representation of molecules. This approach has previously not been used to train machine learning models and it allows utilization of the true spatial domain of the molecule for prediction of properties such as their suitability for usage in cosmetics and food products and in future, to other molecular properties. The data and code used for training is accessible at https://github.com/s-singh-ivv/eDen-Substances .

Abstract Background Immune related adverse events impacting the liver are common from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy; however, there is little data regarding the subclinical impact of ICIs on liver inflammation. The study aims to determine whether ICI therapy affects liver attenuation and liver enzymes in melanoma patients with and without hepatic steatosis. Methods A retrospective, cohort study was conducted of patients with advanced melanoma treated with ICI therapy who received serial PET-CT scans at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC). Primary outcomes included: liver attenuation measured by PET-CT/non-contrast CT and liver enzymes. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed by radiologists on clinical imaging. Results Among 839 patients with advanced melanoma treated with ICIs, 81 had serial PET-CT scans approximately 12 months apart and long-term survival; of these 11 patients had pre-existing steatosis/steatohepatitis. Overall, ICI was not associated with significant increases in liver enzymes in all patients; modest decreases in liver enzymes were observed in patients with pre-existing steatosis/steatohepatitis. Similarly, liver attenuation did not change from baseline to post-treatment (58.44 vs 60.60 HU, + 2.17, p = 0.055). Conclusions ICIs may not chronically affect liver enzymes or liver attenuation, a non-invasive measure of liver fat content and inflammation, in the general population or in those with pre-existing steatosis/steatohepatitis.

Retrospective studies suggest that chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy may lead to cardiac injury, but this has not been assessed systematically or prospectively. In this prospective study of 40 patients who received CAR T, we systematically measured high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTropT) and N-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) at baseline and on day 1, days 7, and 21 after CAR T. Biomarker elevations with respect to timepoint and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) status were examined using repeated measure analysis of variance. hsTropT did not differ with time or with the presence of grade 2 CRS. Median hsTropT was 12.1 ng/L [interquartile range (IQR): 9.2, 20.1] at baseline, 13.1 ng/L (IQR: 9.6, 24.2) at day 1, 11.9 ng/L (IQR: 9.6, 18.0) at day 7, and 15.3 ng/L (10.8, 20.2) at day 21. In contrast, NTproBNP rose on day 1 (PWilcox = 0.0002) and day 7 (PWilcox = 2.7 × 10−5), and the degree of elevation differed by the presence of grade 2 CRS (Pinteraction = 0.002). Median NTproBNP was 179 pg/mL (IQR: 116, 325) at baseline, 357 pg/mL (IQR: 98, 813) at day 1, 420 pg/mL (IQR: 239, 1242) at day 7, and 177 pg/mL (IQR: 80, 278) at day 21. In conclusion, hsTropT l did not differ across timepoints after CAR T therapy, but NTproBNP rose at day 7, the prognostic implications of which should be the target of future research, as the indications for this therapy expand.

Background Abnormal cardiac repolarization is observed in patients with epilepsy and can be associated with sudden death. We investigated whether structural brain abnormalities are correlated with abnormal cardiac repolarizations in patients with seizure or epilepsy. Methods and Results We retrospectively analyzed and compared 12‐lead ECG parameters following seizures between patients with and without structural brain abnormalities. A total of 96 patients were included: 33 women (17 with and 16 without brain abnormality) and 63 men (44 with and 19 without brain abnormality). Brain abnormalities included past stroke, chronic hematoma, remote bleeding, tumor, trauma, and postsurgical state. ECG parameters were comparable for heart rate, PR interval, and QRS duration between groups. In contrast, corrected QT intervals evaluated by Fridericia, Framingham, and Bazett formulas were prolonged in patients with brain abnormality compared with those without (women: Fridericia [normal versus abnormal], 397.4±32.7 versus 470.9±48.9; P=0.002; Framingham, 351.0±40.1 versus 406.2±46.1; P=0.002; Bazett, 423.8±38.3 versus 507.7±56.6; P

Amaç: Çalışmamız, lumbal ve torokal vertebraların morfometrik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla düzenlenmiştir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı'nda bulunan 103 torokal ve 53 lumbal vertebra kullanıldı.Bulgular: Yapılan çalışmada, korpusun arka yüksekliği; ortalama torokallerde 18,96 ± 2,68 mm, lumballerde 25,33 ± 2,69 mm , korpusun ön yüksekliği ortalama torokallerde 19,29 ± 2,75 mm lumballerde 25,24 ± 2,51 mm , pedikül genişliği; ortalama torokallerde 27,17 ± 5,50 mm, lumballerde 31,84 ± 4,19 mm pedikül yüksekliği; ortalama torokallerde12,67±2,43mm, lumballerde 13,54 ± 2,08mm , korpusun sagittal çapı ortalama torokallerde 15,30 ± 2,54 mm, lumballerde 15,08 ± 2,12 mm , korpusun transvers çapı ortalama torokallerde 33,31 ± 5,62 mm, lumballerde 48,53 ± 6,86 mm foramen vertebrale transvers çapı ortalama torokallerde 20,38 ± 3,10 mm, lumballerde 23,13 ± 2,50 mm foramen vertebralenin sagittal çapı ortalama torokallerde 7,83 ±4,40mm, lumballerde 11,86 ± 5,00 mm olarak tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: Omurgaya yönelik cerrahi girişimlerde anomalilerin, morfometrik ölçümlerdeki değişkenliklerin ve ortalama değerlerinin bilinmesi mortalite ve morbiditeyi azaltacaktır

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, insan yüzünün belirleyici yapılarından bir tanesi olan kulağın morfometrik özelliklerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, yaşları 18-24 arasında değişen 90, erkek 31’i kız ana-babaları ve kendileri doğma-büyüme Orta Anadolu’lu olan ve fiziksel kusuru olmayan toplam 121 Tıp fakültesi öğrencisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, kulak yüksekliği, kulak genişliği kulak memesi yüksekliği, genişliği, tragus – helix uzaklığı, tragus – antiheliks uzaklığı, kulak en üst noktasının komissura palpepralis lateralise uzaklığı, kulak memesinin en alt noktasının komissura palpebralis lateralise uzaklığı, kulak en üst noktasının kolumellanın tabanına uzaklığı, kulak memesinin en alt noktasının kolumellanın tabanına uzaklığı dijital bir kumpas kullanılarak ölçülmüştür.Bulgular: Elde edilen veriler cinse göre karşılaştırıldığında sağ kulağın yüksekliği hariç bütün değerler erkeklerde yüksek bulunmuştur P

Torsion is described as a rotational deformation where a long bone turns longitudinally around its own axe. Torsion in tibia is the main reason of children’s stepping in-toe and out-toe. It not only creates orthopedic problems in the future, but also is a risk factor for lower extremity injuries. This study intends to compare Tibial Torsion Angle (TTA) of sedentary people to the soccer players of a Turkish Super Leage team. By comparing TTA angles of elite soccer players who train and compete regularly and have high level of muscle power and endurance to the sedentary control group, it is aimed to determine whether high level soccer training effect TTA. The research was conducted between June-October 2015 on 25 elite soccer players and 25 sedantary people by measuring their right and left tibial torsion angles via transmalleolar measurement with a goniometer. Non-parametric tests were used in statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons. There was not a significant difference in right-left measurements within groups. Between groups right TTA showed no significant difference but left TTA measurements varied significantly (p˂0.05). These findings suggest that tibial torsion angle differs according to physical activity level. It is understood that regular and long-time exercise programmes can change TTA.

Class IC antiarrhythmic agents may induce acquired forms of Brugada Syndrome. We have identified a novel mutation in SCN5A, the gene that encodes the α-subunit of the human cardiac sodium channel (hNav1.5), in a patient who exhibited Brugada- type ECG changes during pharmacotherapy of atrial arrhythmias.To assess whether the novel mutation p.V1328M can cause drug induced Brugada Syndrome.Administration of pilsicainide, a class IC antiarrhythmic agent, caused Brugada- type ST elevation in a 66-year-old Japanese male who presented with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), type I atrial flutter and inducible ventricular fibrillation (VF) during electrophysiological study. Genetic screening using direct sequencing identified a novel SCN5A variant, p.V1328M. Electrophysiological parameters of WT and p.V1328M and their effects on drug pharmacokinetics were studied using the patch-clamp method.Whole-cell sodium current densities were similar for WT and p.V1328M channels. While p.V1328M mutation did not affect the voltage-dependence of the activation kinetics, it caused a positive shift of voltage-dependent steady-state inactivation by 7 mV. The tonic block in the presence of pilsicainide was similar in WT and p.V1328M, when sodium currents were induced by a low frequency pulse protocol (q15s). On the contrary, p.V1328M mutation enhanced pilsicainide induced use-dependent block at 2 Hz. (Ki: WT, 35.8 μM; V1328M, 19.3 μM).Our study suggests that a subclinical SCN5A mutation, p.V1328M, might predispose individuals harboring it to drug-induced Brugada Syndrome.

Apamin sensitive potassium current (I KAS), carried by the type 2 small conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (SK2) channels, plays an important role in post-shock action potential duration (APD) shortening and recurrent spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (VF) in failing ventricles.To test the hypothesis that amiodarone inhibits I KAS in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells.We used the patch-clamp technique to study I KAS in HEK-293 cells transiently expressing human SK2 before and after amiodarone administration.Amiodarone inhibited IKAS in a dose-dependent manner (IC50, 2.67 ± 0.25 µM with 1 µM intrapipette Ca(2+)). Maximal inhibition was observed with 50 µM amiodarone which inhibited 85.6 ± 3.1% of IKAS induced with 1 µM intrapipette Ca(2+) (n = 3). IKAS inhibition by amiodarone was not voltage-dependent, but was Ca(2+)-dependent: 30 µM amiodarone inhibited 81.5±1.9% of I KAS induced with 1 µM Ca(2+) (n = 4), and 16.4±4.9% with 250 nM Ca(2+) (n = 5). Desethylamiodarone, a major metabolite of amiodarone, also exerts voltage-independent but Ca(2+) dependent inhibition of I KAS.Both amiodarone and desethylamiodarone inhibit I KAS at therapeutic concentrations. The inhibition is independent of time and voltage, but is dependent on the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. SK2 current inhibition may in part underlie amiodarone's effects in preventing electrical storm in failing ventricles.

This article uncovers a case which took place in the city of Adana in 1700. The author analyses from trial proceedings, the stakes and legal forms of which are remarkable, a case of deception: at the center of the plot, a set of issues is revealed, concerning personal identity and the recognition and recovery of one's identity. From a singular case, the author observes the conditions which lead to the loss of one’s nominal identity and original status (including the transition to slave status) or conversely, the means required to prove one's identity. The omissions and obscure points of the trial brief just as the nature of the verdict itself suggest that in their use of the judicial institution, the protagonists are motivated by intentions more complex than it appears in the court record.

Bu araştırma Van ekolojik koşullarında “Tir” buğdayında (Triticum aestivum L. ssp vulgare Vill. v. leucospermum Körn) farklı ekim sıklıkları (450, 550 ve 650 tohum m-2) ve ekim yöntemlerinin (sıraya, ekim derinliğine serpme ekim ve 90°lik çapraz ekim yöntemi) yabancı otlar, tane verimi ve verim öğeleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2006-07 ve 2008-09 kışlık yetiştirme sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Artan ekim sıklıklarının ve 90°lik çapraz ekim yöntemin yabancı ot yoğunluğu ve yabancı ot biyomasını önemli derecede azalttığı belirlenmiştir. En yüksek tane verimi 650 tohum m-2 ekim sıklığı ve 90°lik çapraz ekim yönteminden elde edilmiştir.

Water quality monitoring is an increasing global concern as the pollution of water sources causes adverse effects on economic growth and human health. Traditional approaches to the detection of pollutants are time-consuming and labor-intensive due to the requirement of sophisticated equipment or laboratory settings. Therefore, portable devices featuring rapid response and easy operation are indispensable in water quality monitoring. Herein, smartphone-based colorimetric pollutant quantification is demonstrated in a machine learning (ML) framework. As a proof of concept, the presence of seven ions in water was analyzed using colorimetric strips. The color variation on the strip indicators was captured under eight lighting conditions with five smartphones, providing robustness against the illumination variation and camera optics for ML classifiers. Color and texture features were extracted from the images to train the classifiers. Among the twenty-three classifiers, K-Nearest Neighbors exhibits the best classification performance, leading to the integration with our custom-designed Android application called Hydro Sens . The proposed approach was also tested with real samples taken from local water sources. The results prove that incorporating color strips with ML with a smartphone application can be used for water quality monitoring, which offers promising alternatives for sophisticated equipment that is especially applicable in resource-limited settings.

An efficient preservation of a cell-based biosensor chip to achieve a ready-to-use on-site system is still very challenging as the chip contains a living component such as adherent mammalian cells. Herein, we propose a strategy called on-sensor cryopreservation (OSC), which enables the adherent cells to be preserved by freezing (-80 °C) on a biosensor surface, such as the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS). Adherent cells on rigid surfaces are prone to cryo-injury; thus, the surface was modified to enhance the cell recovery for OSC. It relies on i) the integration of elastic electrospun fibers composed of polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA), which has a high thermal expansion coefficient and low glass-transition temperature, and ii) the treatment with O 2 plasma. The modified sensor is integrated into a microfluidic chip system not only to decrease the thermal mass, which is critical for fast thawing, but also to provide a precisely controlled micro-environment. This novel cryo-chip system is effective for keeping cells viable during OSC. As a proof-of-concept for the applicability of a ready-to-use format, the extracellular acidification of cancer cells (CHO-K1) was evaluated by differential LAPS measurements after thawing. Results show, for the first time, that the OSC strategy using the cryo-chip allows label-free and quantitative measurements directly after thawing, which eliminates additional post-thaw culturing steps. The freezing of the chips containing cells at the manufacturing stage and sending them via a cold-chain transport could open up a new possibility for a ready-to-use on-site system., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)