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International college students (ICS) in the United States (US) face challenges reporting and accessing services in cases of sexual harassment because they are not aware of the US laws that prohibit sexual violence. This lack of awareness, along with cultural barriers, may influence the odds of help-seeking among ICS in the US who experience sexual harassment. Minimal research to date has captured ICS' knowledge and perceptions of Title IX regulations in the US which protect people from discrimination based on sex and gender in educational programs. Our study examined ICS' knowledge and perceptions of Title IX through in-depth discussions with 13 ICS at a US university. Overall, ICS were not well-informed about Title IX and encouraged colleges to unpack the legal nature of Title IX for ICS who may not have encountered something similar to Title IX as it is "uniquely American." Practical implications for improving campus resources are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most college students do not report sexual violence (SV) incidents reportable under Title IX to their universities. Several studies focus on Title IX in regard to gender equality in sports or SV survivors' perceptions of their Title IX experience. However, few studies examine the knowledge and perceptions of Title IX of the general college student body using qualitative methods. This study expands upon this literature by exploring college students' perspectives on Title IX, including the most recent amendments to Title IX regulations. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 55 students with different levels of Title IX experience at one university. The results show that, with the exception of students with Title IX experience, most students lack knowledge about Title IX regulations and procedures, but all students had high expectations of the Title IX office. There is also skepticism and confusion surrounding changes to Title IX regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been no research study to date in the United States (US) looking at how an individual's immigration status and citizenship might affect their odds of becoming an identity theft victim. This study fills this gap by analyzing the relationship between immigration status and identity theft victimization risk with recently released data from the 2018 iteration of the US National Crime Victimization Survey's Identity Theft Supplement. Descriptive analysis presents demographics, risky and protective behavior, and identity theft prevalence across US-born citizens, naturalized citizens, non-citizens, and individuals with an ambiguous citizenship status in the US. Logistic regression models explore the differences between these groups in their identity theft victimization risk controlling for other demographic factors and known correlates of identity theft. Results suggest that US-born citizens, naturalized citizens, and non-citizens are at the end of the spectrum with a higher risk of identity theft victimization, whereas individuals with an ambiguous immigration status are at the lower end. Implications of the study findings and future avenues for data collection and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article employs Routine Activities and Crime Pattern theories to explore the factors that lead to increased risk of bike theft, focusing on Washington Metropolitan Transit Authority Metrorail (Metro) property. Utilizing the Metro bike census and other data, we use negative binomial regression analysis to model the relationship between bike thefts and various station- and neighborhood-level risk factors that can either create or close off opportunities for bike thefts. The findings indicate that bike thefts around Metro stations are positively influenced by the number of targets, as measured by the number of bikes per station, and the presence of likely offenders, as measured by the volume of auto-related larcenies. Stations that have greater guardianship, as measured by the number of nearby businesses, are less likely to experience bike theft. The implications of these findings for theory, methodological considerations, and crime prevention are discussed. We suggest that bike racks can be placed in locations with greater informal guardianship, and discuss ways our findings can inform traditional interventions such as bike locking campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1979, Peshawar has hosted tens of thousands of mostly Pashtun refugees, hampering the city's ability to provide public services to most residents. Since July 2016, refugee returns have increased dramatically, likely stemming from factors including doubling of cash grants received upon arrival in Afghanistan, campaigns by the Afghan and Pakistani Governments urging refugees to return, and an end to documentfree border crossings at Torkham. The authors found that the latter is a deal breaker for many refugees, most of whom want to maintain tribal or family ties in Afghanistan. Based on an original household survey of 1,000 Afghan households residing in the Peshawar area, the paper explores structures of refugees' social networks, linking them to economic well-being and exploring ways in which the presence of refugees may create opportunities for urban regeneration. The research reveals that the vast majority of refugees are making a living, but mostly in low-value-added occupations. While most earn more than the minimum wage, access to health care and educational attainment are low. Participation in community organisations and regular support from government or humanitarian sources is also low. The authors recommend supporting the creation of institutionalised collective action platforms that could strengthen existing social ties, providing leverage for resourceconstrained humanitarian actors. The national governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan, in coordination with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), must rearticulate a clear, unified policy position toward refugees so families have a more certain socio-economic future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]