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Background: Monoclonal antibodies have gained attention in developing countries owing to its benefits portrayed by few clinical trials. However, no studies until now have been undergone in India. Methods: A retro-prospective comparative observational study was conducted in symptomatic COVID19 patients to evaluate the impact of Casirivimab and Imdevimab antibody cocktail in the high-risk population. Through an extensive data retrieval for 6 months, 152 samples were documented and sorted into test (Casirivimab and Imdevimab treated patients, n = 79) and control (Non- Casirivimab and Imdevimab treated individuals, n = 73) subsets. The research had two phases; first, estimation of mechanical ventilation and high flow oxygen requirement and mortality in samples amidst the treatment, and second was the post COVID19 patients' feedback through validated (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.7) questionnaire that evaluated their health and vaccination status, and treatment satisfaction. Results: We noticed lesser requisite for mechanical ventilation (6.3%; p

Among the small cation sized rare earth sesquioxides, the reported transition pressure of cubic Tm2O3 is ambiguous. Pressure induced structural phase transition in cubic Tm2O3 has been reinvestigated using the synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations up to a pressure of 25 GPa. Both the X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements revealed an irreversible polymorphic structural phase transition from type-C cubic to type-B monoclinic at around 12 GPa, whereas the same is predicted to be 8 GPa from the density functional theory. The phase transition observed at 12 GPa is in contrast to the literature and the reasoning has been established by other studies, viz., Raman spectroscopy and DFT. A third order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state fit to the experimental compressibility curve yielded a zero pressure bulk modulus of 149(2) GPa with the pressure derivatives 4.8(5) for the parent cubic phase and 169(2) GPa with the pressure derivative 4 for the high pressure monoclinic phase, respectively. These values are in good agreement with the calculated bulk modulus of 146 and 151 GPa for the cubic and monoclinic phases, respectively. Raman modes for the monoclinic phase of Tm2O3 are measured and reported for the first time. The mode Grüneisen parameter of different Raman modes for both cubic and monoclinic phases of Tm2O3 has also been determined. The experimental results are correlated with changes in the density of states near the Fermi level, which are indicative of structural instabilities in the parent cubic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural stability, equation of state, and thermal expansion behavior of nanocrystalline cubic HfO2, an ultra‐high‐temperature ceramic, have been investigated using X‐ray diffraction at extreme conditions of pressures and temperatures. High‐pressure studies show that the cubic structure is stable up to 26.2 GPa, while the high‐temperature studies show the stability of the cubic structure up to 600°C. The Rietveld structure refinement of the high‐pressure data reveals the progressive transition of secondary monoclinic phase to the cubic phase at higher pressures. The phase progression is accompanied by incompressibility along the b axis and a large compressibility along the c axis of the monoclinic structure. The second‐order Birch‐Murnaghan equation of state fit to the unit cell volume data yielded a bulk modulus of 242(16) GPa for the cubic structure. A linear thermal expansion value of αa(c) = 8.80(15) × 10−6°C−1 and a volume thermal expansion value of αv = 26.5(4) × 10−6°C−1 have been determined from the in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction studies. The results are discussed by comparing with the high‐pressure and high‐temperature behavior of isostructural ZrO2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental report on the structural stability of cubic HfO2 at high pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural stability, equation of state, and thermal expansion behavior of nanocrystalline cubic HfO2, an ultra‐high‐temperature ceramic, have been investigated using X‐ray diffraction at extreme conditions of pressures and temperatures. High‐pressure studies show that the cubic structure is stable up to 26.2 GPa, while the high‐temperature studies show the stability of the cubic structure up to 600°C. The Rietveld structure refinement of the high‐pressure data reveals the progressive transition of secondary monoclinic phase to the cubic phase at higher pressures. The phase progression is accompanied by incompressibility along the b axis and a large compressibility along the c axis of the monoclinic structure. The second‐order Birch‐Murnaghan equation of state fit to the unit cell volume data yielded a bulk modulus of 242(16) GPa for the cubic structure. A linear thermal expansion value of αa(c) = 8.80(15) × 10−6°C−1 and a volume thermal expansion value of αv = 26.5(4) × 10−6°C−1 have been determined from the in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction studies. The results are discussed by comparing with the high‐pressure and high‐temperature behavior of isostructural ZrO2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental report on the structural stability of cubic HfO2 at high pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith model is recognized as the standard method for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo) which requires daily meteorological data as inputs. Among all input data, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is one of the critical parameter that drives evapotranspiration (ETo), and is of fundamental importance in crop models. In this study effort has been made to compare six vapour pressure models during four seasons. Three vapour pressure models (Models 1–3) selected as mentioned in Irrigation and Drainage Paper-56 of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO-56) and Models 4-6 has been selected from literature survey. Model 1, which uses daily maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity (RH), is the preferred method to estimate actual air pressure (AE) hence it is used as standard for comparing other models. The effectiveness of vapour pressure models were measured by statistical tools and ranked according to Global Performance Indicator (GPI) where higher value of GPI represent best model. The ranking order using GPI shows that Model 5 resulted in best estimation capability with a GPI of 2.77. Moreover, the effect of variation in wind speed on the performance of the vapour pressure models in ETo estimation is also assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid solutions, (Eu1−xLax)2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), of the rare earth sesquioxides Eu2O3 and La2O3 have been prepared by a simple soft chemistry approach. The composition and morphology of the as‐synthesized oxides have been characterized using energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The particles are of irregular shape and submicrometre size. In order to understand the structural evolution as a function of composition, angle‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction measurements have been carried out and the structural parameters have been obtained through Rietveld refinement. A structural phase transition from the cubic (C‐type) to the monoclinic (B‐type) structure and subsequently to the hexagonal (A‐type) structure was observed with an increasing substitution of La. A detailed analysis of the transition boundaries in terms of the average cationic radius, RRE, shows that the onset of the C → B transition is at RRE = 0.980 Å, whereas the B → A transition occurs at RRE = 1.025 Å. A biphasic region of cubic and monoclinic structures is observed for 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 and one of monoclinic and hexagonal structures is observed for 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 0.6. The microstrain induced by the difference in size of the rare earth cations introduces a substitutional disorder in the crystal structure, which is a plausible cause of the observed phase transitions in these oxides. A structural phase transition from a cubic to a monoclinic structure and subsequently to a hexagonal structure is observed with increasing cation size in the rare earth sesquioxide (Eu1−xLax)2O3. The microstrain and substitutional disorder in the crystal structure are considered to be the causes of the observed phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid solutions, (Eu1−xLax)2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), of the rare earth sesquioxides Eu2O3 and La2O3 have been prepared by a simple soft chemistry approach. The composition and morphology of the as‐synthesized oxides have been characterized using energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The particles are of irregular shape and submicrometre size. In order to understand the structural evolution as a function of composition, angle‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction measurements have been carried out and the structural parameters have been obtained through Rietveld refinement. A structural phase transition from the cubic (C‐type) to the monoclinic (B‐type) structure and subsequently to the hexagonal (A‐type) structure was observed with an increasing substitution of La. A detailed analysis of the transition boundaries in terms of the average cationic radius, RRE, shows that the onset of the C → B transition is at RRE = 0.980 Å, whereas the B → A transition occurs at RRE = 1.025 Å. A biphasic region of cubic and monoclinic structures is observed for 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 and one of monoclinic and hexagonal structures is observed for 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 0.6. The microstrain induced by the difference in size of the rare earth cations introduces a substitutional disorder in the crystal structure, which is a plausible cause of the observed phase transitions in these oxides. A structural phase transition from a cubic to a monoclinic structure and subsequently to a hexagonal structure is observed with increasing cation size in the rare earth sesquioxide (Eu1−xLax)2O3. The microstrain and substitutional disorder in the crystal structure are considered to be the causes of the observed phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]