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Purpose To create an equation for predicting the trabecular iris angle (TIA) and to verify its accuracy after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation. Setting Nagoya Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Japan. Design Retrospective evaluation of a screening approach. Methods The subjects included 174 eyes (174 patients) that underwent ICL implantation. Patients were randomly assigned to the prediction equation group (116 eyes) or verification group (58 eyes). Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT; CASIA2 TOMEY) was performed before and 3 months after ICL surgery. For the prediction group, a prediction equation was created with the preoperative AS-OCT parameters and ICL size as independent variables and the postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) as dependent variables. Then, by applying the predicted post-ACD and preoperative AS-OCT parameters as independent variables and TIA after ICL surgery as the dependent variable, a prediction equation was created to predict the postoperative TIA (post-TIA) after ICL surgery. Each prediction equation was created using stepwise multiple regression analysis, and its accuracy was verified by a Bland-Altman plot in the verification group. Results The explanatory variables (standardized partial regression coefficient) selected in the post-TIA prediction equation were post-ACD (0.629), TIA750 (0.563), iris curvature (0.353), pupil diameter (-0.281), iris area (-0.249), and trabecular iris space area 250 (-0.171) (R2 = 0.646). There were no clinically significant systematic errors between measured and predictive post-TIA values in the verification group. The average absolute prediction error was 3.43° ± 2.22°. Conclusions Post-TIA can be accurately predicted from the predicted post-ACD and other preoperative AS-OCT parameters.

Iris segmentation is one of the most important steps in iris recognition. The current iris segmentation network is based on convolutional neural network (CNN). Among these methods, there are still problems with the segmentation networks such as high complexity, insufficient accuracy, etc. To solve these problems, an improved low complexity DenseUnet is proposed to this paper based on U-net for acquiring a high-accuracy iris segmentation network. In this network, the improvements are as follows: (1) Design a dense block module that contains five convolutional layers and all convolutions are dilated convolutions aimed at enhancing feature extraction; (2) Except for the last convolutional layer, all convolutional layers output feature maps are set to the number 64, and this operation is to reduce the amounts of parameters without affecting the segmentation accuracy; (3) The solution proposed to this paper has low complexity and provides the possibility for the deployment of portable mobile devices. DenseUnet is used on the dataset of IITD, CASIA V4.0 and UBIRIS V2.0 during the experimental stage. The results of the experiments have shown that the iris segmentation network proposed in this paper has a better performance than existing algorithms.

Despite the significant advances in iris segmentation, accomplishing accurate iris segmentation and localization in non-cooperative environment with visible illumination remains a grand challenge. In this paper, we present an end-to-end multi-task deep neural network, referred to as Iris R-CNN, to achieve superior accuracy for iris segmentation and localization. Inspired by instance segmentation, Iris R-CNN seamlessly integrates segmentation and localization in a unified framework and generates a normalized iris image/mask required for iris recognition. It is composed of several novel techniques to carefully explore the unique characteristics of iris. First, we propose two novel networks, (i) Double-Circle Region Proposal Network (DC-RPN) and (ii) Double-Circle Classification and Regression Network (DC-CRN), to efficiently capture pupil and iris circles and enhance the accuracy for iris localization. Second, we propose a novel normalization scheme for Regions of Interest (RoIs) to enable a radically new pooling operation over a double-circle region. To facilitate accurate training and validation, we annotate two public datasets in non-cooperative environment with visible illumination: NICE-II and MICHE. Experimental results on these two challenging datasets demonstrate the superior accuracy of our proposed approach over other state-of-the-art methods.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is increasingly reported in various HIV negative patients with immunosuppression, but the relationship with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is not well defined. We report a case of IRIS in a patient infected with pulmonary and CNS Nocardiosis following HCT due to primary myelofibrosis.

A 20-year-old male patient presented to our tertiary eye centre with post-traumatic cataract in the right eye, 3 months after penetrating trauma with metal wire while working with electric cables. The corneal laceration had been repaired soon after trauma elsewhere and the patient had some gain of

Iris defects and distorted pupils are commonly managed with iris suturing techniques that aim to close the defect and/or reform the physiological pupil. The re-creation of an optimally sized and centered pupil is often challenging because of missing iris, asymmetrical iris damage, or variable tension around the pupil. Current options include removing or cutting iris tissue using microscissors or the vitreous cutter, instrument stretching, or postoperative laser photocoagulation. Iris microendodiathermy is a simple technique that is minimally traumatic, titratable, and controlled, avoids excessive tissue manipulation, and is able to create a round cosmetically pleasing pupil. A bipolar endodiathermy cautery is applied to the iris stroma to induce tissue contraction and to gently pull the pupil in the meridian to which probe is applied. Endothermal pupilloplasty (EDP) may be used to recenter or enlarge a small pupil, thereby avoiding additional trauma inflicted by a vitrector or microscissors that physically cuts the iris.

Iris melanocytoma (IM) is a rare variant of iris nevus with distinctive clinical and histopathological features. A 66-year-old woman, with a history of right eye pigmented iris nevus, presented to us with a recent onset of visual acuity decrease in that eye. She had a melanocytic iris lesion with iridocorneal angle invasion, peripheral corneal adhesion, pupil corectopia, sectorial cataract and high intraocular pressure. Ultrasound biomicroscopy did not exclude malignant transformation, so excisional biopsy was performed revealing the presence of IM without signs of atypia. Subsequently, the patient underwent cataract surgery combined with iridoplasty and later an ab externo trabeculectomy. Most cases of IM remain stable and require no intervention, but in cases of unusual clinical course, with rapid growth or secondary glaucoma, surgical treatment is indicated as a diagnostic and therapeutic measure. This case report highlights the importance of a timely and multidisciplinary ophthalmological approach for a better visual outcome.

Purpose To describe features of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome, using Anterior Segment-Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) and to evaluate the diagnostic role of AS-OCT as an imaging technique alternative to UBM. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Four eyes of 4 patients with UGH syndrome were analyzed. All patients reported previous uncomplicated cataract surgery with in-the-bag implantation of single-piece-intraocular lens (IOL). They underwent at presentation complete ophthalmological examination and imaging with slit-lamp anterior segment photographs, UBM and AS-OCT. Results Although AS-OCT did not allow to visualize the structures behind the iris, it displayed a contact between IOL (plate and/or haptics) and iris and IOL tilting in 3 out of 4 eyes. AS-OCT directly detected the cause of UGH syndrome in one eye, 2 eyes required some expedients to display the iris chafing, like scans in mydriasis and/or patient's gaze direction change. AS-OCT did not allow to appreciate the IOL-iris contact (showed by UBM technique) only in one eye, probably due to the change of patient position from supine to sitting, and consequent anteriorization of iris diaphragm. Furthermore AS-OCT showed fine details, as capsular bag collapse and indirect signs of haptic malposition in 3 out of 4 eyes. Conclusion AS-OCT is a non-invasive technique that allows to determine IOL position and IOL-uveal contact in selected cases of UGH syndrome. Considering AS-OCT and UBM advantages and limitations, AS-OCT should be used as first imaging modality when clinical diagnosis is uncertain. When UGH diagnosis cannot be verified using AS-OCT, UBM should be performed.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will focus on identifying causes of zonulopathy during cataract surgery and discuss various modalities for treatment. RECENT FINDINGS There are multiple different options for capsular bag support in the setting of zonulopathy, including capsular or iris hooks, capsular tension rings as well as capsular tension segments (CTS). Surgical techniques on how to insert these devices are many and can be customized based upon the surgeon's preference and the patient's eye anatomy. SUMMARY Recognizing zonular weakness is critical to achieve stable postoperative vision and avoid future complications. Depending on the degree of zonulopathy, various treatment options can be pursued, ranging from capsular tension hooks or iris hooks, capsular tension rings or sutured or scleral fixated CTS.

В статье рассматривается роль авторского диалога в философско-психологическом романе Айрис Мёрдок «Море, море» (Iris Murdoch “The Sea, the Sea”, 1978) в раскрытии авторского замысла в целом и выявлении аспектов диалогичности художественного текста. На сегодняшний день отсутствуют лингвистические исследования данного популярного романа, который представляет прекрасный образец философско-психологического произведения литературы ХХ века и отражает актуальные тенденции работы с художественным словом, что обусловливает актуальность и научную новизну работы. Авторы статьи на материале романа А. Мёрдок анализируют диалогические маркеры речевого взаимодействия, опираясь на теорию, разработанную в исследовании Т. Ф. Плехановой, посвященную анализу художественного текста как дискурса в его диалогическом измерении, предлагают классификацию диалогических маркеров авторско-читательского взаимодействия, выявляют языковые средства, оформляющие непосредственный диалогический контакт, проводят подробный лингвостилистический анализ наиболее интересных фрагментов речевого взаимодействия, делают выводы об их роли в реализации авторского замысла. The article discusses the role of the authorial dialogue in the philosophical and psychological novel by Iris Murdoch “The Sea, the Sea” in revealing the authorial intent, namely aspects of the dialogic character of a literary text. The popular novel by Iris Murdoch is a perfect specimen of philosophical and psychological fiction of the twentieth century reflecting up-to-date literary trends; however, it has not undergone any thorough linguistic analysis so far. This fact determines the topicality and novelty of the research conducted. The authors investigate dialogical markers of speech interaction based on the theory devoted to the analysis of a literary text as a discourse in its dialogical dimension developed by T. F. Plekhanova. Based on the results of the Plekhanova research, the authors of the article offer a classification of dialogical markers of author-reader interaction; identify linguistic means that form direct dialogical contact, conduct a detailed linguistic and stylistic analysis of the most interesting fragments of speech interaction, make conclusions about their role in the implementation of the authorial intent.

To describe a technique for cataract surgery in eyes with small pupils that combines the use of the femtosecond laser and an iris expansion device, but without the use of corneal sutures and an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) at the time of laser application. A retrospective case series of three eyes with small pupils were operated by the same surgeon without a corneal suture and with removal of anterior chamber OVD prior to laser application. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) for 1 eye in a 70 year-old patient was 20/70 preoperatively and 20/20 thirty days postoperatively. CDVA for a second patient was 20/50 and 20/200 in the two eyes, which improved to 20/25 two months postoperatively in both eyes. There were no complications observed and the intraocular lens were well-centered. The use of mechanical pupil expander rings is safe and practical in setting small pupils during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery.

In this project, we are planning to create a strong robust calculation for executing cash in higher level security reason with high acknowledgment rates in a shifting environment. To begin with, Haar cascade based calculation has been connected for quick and basic confront location from the input picture. The confront picture is at that point being changed over into grayscale picture. After that, the iris, eyebrows, nose, mouth of candidates are extricated from the escalated valleys from the recognized confront.

An application of the XpandNT iris speculum in eyes with small pupils during secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in congenital cataract patients is described. The iris speculum was first positioned in the eye to expand the pupil. A 30-gauge needle was used to separate the adhesion of the iris tissue and the capsular rim. Vitrectomy was used to clean Soemmerring ring near the capsular rim. The iris expander was retracted with the Williamson XpanNT Manipulator. The IOL was then implanted. Fourteen aphakic eyes from 10 consecutive patients were studied retrospectively; pupil expansion was achieved in all 14 eyes intraoperatively without serious intraoperative or postoperative complications. The XpandNT iris speculum was a safe and excellent tool for removing Soemmerring ring and solving small pupil problems during secondary IOL implantation in pediatric cataract surgery patients.

This review updates the knowledge about the morphological assessment of the foveal hypoplasia in congenital aniridia and resumes the reported genotype-phenotype correlations known to date. Congenital aniridia is a pan ocular disease. Although iris absence is considered the hallmark of this entity, foveal hypoplasia is present in 94.7%-84% of patients. A foveal morphology assessed by optical coherence tomography in which external retina structures can be identified, with presence of the lengthening of photoreceptors outer segment and a greater external retinal thickness, is associated with a better visual outcome, regardless a foveal pit is identified or not. This analysis can be performed once the external retina has completed its differentiation, by 6 years old. PAX6 mutations that introduce premature termination codon, C terminal extension or PAX6 involving deletions have been related to lesser foveal differentiation. Better foveal differentiation has been associated to non-coding PAX6 mutations.

The purpose of this study was to describe a new 33-gauge hypodermic needle-guided iris suturing technique for repair of iris defects and its adaptation for use to address a wide range of iris pathology in complex anterior segment reconstruction cases. This approach uses a 33-gauge hypodermic needle loaded with a 10-0 Prolene suture within its lumen, which is then used to directly introduce and manipulate the suture within the anterior chamber. Eliminating the need for a needle holder, this technique provides surgeons improved ergonomics and minimizes risk for trauma to adjacent tissues. Improving on and addressing limitations of the original sewing machine technique described by Safran in 1995, iris repair using this technique has been applied successfully in 15 patients to achieve satisfactory visual and cosmetic outcomes without complications. Multiple iris suturing strategies can be combined on a given case to attain complex repair with this new approach.

This essay investigates the performativity of plants in Ralph Knevet’s Rhodon and Iris, a play that was written and performed for a feast held by the Norwich Society of Florists in 1631. The play explores at least two forms of performativity: the first is the act of staging plants for a theatrical performance, where vegetables present their virtues through floral allegories that are enacted by human players. The second form is the way plants affect and are affected by their environments, particularly as theorized by Michael Marder and Mel Y. Chen. In Rhodon and Iris, these two dimensions work together to produce a form of floral agency that decenters the human. The essay explores how floral agency collaborates with literary narratives when beings perform for plants (within a history of floral celebrations), as plants (embodying plants as allegorical figures), and with plants (floral characters using plants as ingredients in cosmetics, poisons, and antidotes). Knevet uses literature to articulate a unique plant philosophy that challenges divisions between art and nature and among literature, philosophy, and science. Rhodon and Iris thus illustrates the many ways that theatrical performances and printed playbooks, and even printed herbals and herbaria, responded to and shaped the performativity of plants.

Iris recognition refers to identifying individuals based on iris patterns, which have been widely used in security systems, such as subway security and access control attendance, because everyone has a unique iris shape. In the study, we propose an OCaNet model for the iris recognition task. First, binarized threshold segmentation is used to locate the pupil and the pupil boundary is obtained; then, the Hough transform is applied to locate the outer edge of the iris; according to the located pupil and iris, the iris area image is obtained through image segmentation; finally, the iris image is normalized to adjust each original image to the same size and corresponding position, so as to eliminate the influence of translation, scaling, and rotation on iris recognition. Second, the normalized iris images are both input into the octave convolution module and attention module. The octave convolution module is used to extract the shape and contour features of the iris by decomposing the feature map into high and low frequencies. The attention module is applied to extract the color and texture characteristics of the iris. Finally, the two feature maps are concatenated and produce a distribution of output classes. Experimental results show that the proposed OCaNet model is significantly more accurate.

Aim: The accuracy of the non-cooperative iris recognition is highly dependent on the proper segmentation of the iris region from the input eye image. The traditional non-cooperative iris segmentation algorithms decrease significantly because of several noise factors such as specular reflections, occlusions, eyelashes, and eyelids. However, several techniques are developed to overcome these drawbacks in the iris segmentation process; it is still a challenging task to localize the iris texture regions. Background: Recently, segmentation of iris image is the most important process in a robust iris recognition system due to the images captured from non-cooperative environments which introduce occlusions, blur, specular reflections, and off-axis. However, several techniques are developed to overcome these drawbacks in the iris segmentation process; it is still a challenging task to localize the iris texture regions. In this research, an effective two-stage of iris segmentation technique is proposed in a non-cooperative environment. Objective: To proposed an effective two-stage of iris segmentation technique in a non-cooperative environment. Methods: Modified Geodesic Active Contour-based level set segmentation with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed for iris segmentation. In this, the PSO algorithm is used to minimize the energy of the gradient descent equation in a region-based level set segmentation algorithm. The global threshold-based segmentation (enhanced Otsu’s method) is employed for pupil region segmentation. Results: The experiment considered two well-known databases such as UBIRIS.V1 and UBIRIS.V2. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed novel approach attained more accurate and robust iris segmentation under non-cooperative conditions. Also, the results of the modified Geodesic Active Contour-based level set segmentation with the PSO algorithm attained better results than the conventional segmentation techniques. Conclusion: An effective two-stage of iris segmentation is proposed in a non-cooperative environment using Geodesic active contour-based level set segmentation with particle swarm optimization and an enhanced Otsu method is employed for pupil segmentation. The proposed two-stage of iris segmentation technique segments the iris in its genuine shape which will provide a more robust and precise iris recognition system.

Purpose To describe and present results after a technique for cataract surgery combined with explantation of an iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (IF-pIOL). Methods The medical records of all patients, who had undergone cataract surgery combined with IF-pIOL explantation and subsequent implantation of a posterior chamber IOL by the Single Incision Technique (SIT), were reviewed. Data collection included preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, and endothelial cell density (ECD) up to a follow-up time of 24 months. Results Fifty myopic eyes (34 patients) and 9 hyperopic eyes (6 patients) had undergone a SIT procedure mainly because of cataract (67%). Postoperative CDVA improved in both the myopic eyes to 0.16 ± 0.37 logMAR, as in the hyperopic eyes to − 0.10 ± 0.55 logMAR with no eyes having loss of Snellen lines. Mean postoperative spherical equivalent was − 0.34 ± 0.72 D and − 0.10 ± 0.55 D, respectively. ECD loss 6 months after surgery was 5% and remained stable thereafter. Conclusion SIT for combined phacoemulsification and IF-pIOL removal yields good visual and refractive results and is a safe procedure in regard to ECD loss. The technique has advantages over the conventional procedure and is easy to perform.

Purpose. To evaluate a 12-year follow-up of myopic patients after iris-fixated phakic intraocular lenses (IF pIOLs) implantation. Setting. Ophthalmology Department, Military University Hospital in Prague (Czech Republic). Design. Single-center retrospective cohort study. Methods. We describe the results of a cohort study that included 85 eyes of 46 myopic patients who underwent implantation of Verisyse myopia, Veriflex, and Verisyse myopia toric (all Abbott Medical Optics, Inc.) intraocular lenses. Refractive functions and adverse events were assessed preoperatively, at 6 months, and 1, 2, 5, and 12 years after IF pIOL implantation. Results. Mean spherical equivalent was measured as −9.37 ± 2.87 D, 0.14 ± 0.61 D, and −0.42 ± 1.08 D, preoperatively, at 6 months and 12 years postoperatively, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the cylinder after surgery. At 12 years postoperatively, 90% of eyes had uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/40 and 64% of 20/20. The safety index was 1.10 for the whole postoperative follow-up period. We found cataract formation in 3 eyes (3.5%). The endothelial cells loss (EC loss) directly caused by IF pIOL implantation was 6.0%, 8.10%, 12.8%, and 11.9%, at 1, 2, 5, and 12 years, respectively. In our cohort, 95% of eyes lost a higher percentage of EC than would be expected from a physiological loss at 12 years postoperatively. We found a significant negative interaction between preoperative pachymetry and EC loss, indicating that the lower pachymetry leads to a faster decline in endothelial cells density (ECD). IF pIOL re-enclavation was found in 28% of eyes. 7% of subluxations were caused by trauma. The mean time of nontraumatic re-enclavation was 6 years postoperatively. Conclusions. The study confirmed the advantages of IF pIOL implantation due to rapid visual recovery and stable visual function over the 12-year follow-up and also showed the influence of lower corneal pachymetry regarding EC loss.

Introduction. Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) remains one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. Up to date, a significant amount of data has been accumulated concerning the biometric parameters of the eye in PACG, however, there is a lack of information on the dynamic characteristics of these parameters.Objective: to evaluate the dynamic biometric characteristics of the structures of the anterior segment of the eye in PACG.Patients and methods. The results of optical coherence tomography were analyzed in 40 patients with PACG and in 40 patients without signs of hydrodynamic disorder. The studies were carried out under photopic and mesopic illumination conditions. The scanned images were obtained using an RTVue-100-2 optical coherence tomograph device (Optovue, USA). Biometric measurements were performed using standard tomograph software; volumetric studies were carried out based on the Pappus-Guldinus theorem with additional constructions. When analyzing the obtained images, 13 different linear and volumetric parameters were evaluated.Results. A decrease in the parameters reflecting the features of the configuration of the anterior chamber of the eye was noted in the presence of PACG (width of the ACA, depth and volume of the anterior chamber). From the point of view of the possible influence on the state of the anterior chamber angle, it is necessary to highlight changes in such indicators as the area, volume and thickness of the iris. Regardless of the conditions of the examination, these indicators, on average, were significantly higher in the PACG and practically did not change with a decrease in the level of illumination. At the same time, in the absence of disturbances in hydrodynamics under mesopic conditions, despite an increase in the thickness of the iris, a significant decrease in its area and volume was noted.Conclusion. Biometric changes in the structures of the anterior segment of the eye in the case of PACG relate not only to linear, but also to volumetric indicators. As a certain component of hydrodynamic disorders in the case of PACG, the revealed preservation of the iris volume during pupil dilation under mesopic illumination conditions should be considered, while in the absence of hydrodynamic disorders, this indicator decreased. Therefore, not only static changes in the biometric characteristics of the structures of the anterior segment of the eye, but also their dynamic fluctuations, should be considered as a risk factor for clinical manifestations of PACG, which determines the practical significance of dynamic biometric studies in the examination of patients with suspected PACG.

The current mode of clinical aided diagnosis of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis (OMG) is time-consuming and laborious, and it lacks quantitative standards. An aided diagnostic system for OMG is proposed to solve this problem. The values calculated by the system include three clinical indicators: eyelid distance, sclera distance, and palpebra superior fatigability test time. For the first two indicators, the semantic segmentation method was used to extract the pathological features of the patient's eye image and a semantic segmentation model was constructed. The patient eye image was divided into three regions: iris, sclera, and background. The indicators were calculated based on the position of the pixels in the segmentation mask. For the last indicator, a calculation method based on the Eyelid Aspect Ratio (EAR) is proposed; this method can better reflect the change of eyelid distance overtime. The system was evaluated based on the collected patient data. The results show that the segmentation model achieves a mean Intersection-Over-Union (mIoU) value of 86.05%. The paired-sample T-test was used to compare the results obtained by the system and doctors, and the p values were all greater than 0.05. Thus, the system can reduce the cost of clinical diagnosis and has high application value.

Purpose To dynamically assess variations in pupil diameter induced by changes in brightness in myopic eyes implanted with an implantable collamer lens (ICL, STAAR Surgical) with a central port. Methods This prospective, observational single-center case series study comprised 65 eyes from 65 consecutive patients undergoing ICL implant. A modified commercially available swept-source Fourier-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) device was used for imaging and performing dynamic pupillometry under changing light conditions before and after a mean follow-up interval of four months after surgery. Results Preoperative mean pupil size under photopic conditions was 3.38 ± 0.64 mm; after surgery, this increased to 3.48 ± 0.61 mm. Mean pupil size under scotopic light conditions was 5.72 ± 0.79 mm before surgery and 5.84 ± 0.77 mm postoperatively. The differences between preoperative and postoperative pupil diameter in miosis and mydriasis were 0.10 ± 0.44 mm (P = 0.078) and 0.12 ± 0.58 mm (P = 0.098), respectively. The scotopic pupil exceeded the optic zone of the implanted lens in 39 eyes (60%). The mean central vault value was 412 ± 177 μm under maximum miosis and 506 ± 190 μm under maximum mydriasis. We found a positive correlation between vault and differences in pupil diameter under all light conditions (P Conclusion Dynamic AS-OCT enables a very precise determination of the pupillary diameter in the iris plane. The changes in the pupil diameter under different light conditions after the implantation of an ICL are related to the postoperative vault.

Cataract causes more than half of all blindness worldwide. The most effective treatment is surgery, where cataract is often replaced by intraocular lens (IOL). Beyond saving vision, toric IOL implantation is becoming increasingly popular to correct corneal astigmatism. It is important to precisely position and align the axis of IOL during surgery to achieve optimal post-operative astigmatism correction. Comparing with conventional manual marking, automated markerless IOL alignment can be faster, more accurate and non-invasive. Here we propose a framework for computer-assisted intraoperative IOL positioning and alignment based on detection and tracking. Firstly, the iris boundary was segmented and the eye center was determined. A statistical sampling method was developed to segment iris and generate training labels, and both conventional algorithms and deep convolutional neural network (CNN) methods were evaluated. Then, regions of interests (ROIs) containing high density of scleral capillaries were used for tracking eye rotations. Both correlation filter and CNN methods were evaluated for tracking. Cumulative errors during long-term tracking were corrected using a reference image. Validation studies against manual labeling using 7 clinical cataract surgical videos demonstrated that the proposed algorithm achieved an average position error around 0.2 mm, an axis alignment error of $^{\circ}$ , and a frame rate of > 25 FPS, and can be potentially used intraoperatively for markerless IOL positioning and alignment during cataract surgery.

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) to adjust the tilting of an intraocular lens (IOL) during implantation with intrascleral fixation. Setting Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Design Retrospective, case-control, single-center study. Methods Thirty-seven eyes of 37 patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with intrascleral fixation of an IOL by a single surgeon were retrospectively studied. The length of the externalized haptics was determined when the anterior surface of the IOL was parallel to the plane of the iris as observed by iOCT. The maximal IOL tilt relative to the visual axis and to the iris plane was measured by anterior segment OCT (CASIA2; Tomey Corp.). Results Intraoperative crosssectional OCT (RESCAN 700: Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) scans were used to adjust the degree of IOL tilt in 23 eyes (iOCT group) and not used in 14 eyes (control group). The maximal angle of IOL tilt relative to the visual axis was significantly smaller in the iOCT group than that in the control group (5.45 ± 2.63 degrees vs 10.38 ± 10.48 degrees, P = .034). The maximal angle of the IOL tilt to the iris plane was also significantly smaller in the iOCT group than that in the control group (4.58 ± 1.86 degrees vs 9.60 ± 10.82 degrees; P = .040). The distance of decentration was greater in the iOCT group (0.56 ± 0.29 mm) than that of the control group (0.41 ± 0.41 mm, P = .005). Conclusions Intraoperative OCT can be used to adjust the degree of IOL tilt to reduce the lenticular astigmatism during intrascleral fixation surgery.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) separately and in interaction with auxins on the change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids in the raw materials of regenerating plants Iris sibirica L. Cambridge grade in comparison with aeroponic and intact raw materials using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. Raw materials of I. sibirica Cambridge variety obtained in vitro culture had a richer qualitative composition of flavonoids than intact plants. The dependence of the accumulation of flavonoids on the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine in nutrient media was noted. The presence of 13 compounds was observed in extracts of 70% ethyl alcohol from regenerating plants grown at the lowest concentration of BAP (1.0 µM) within the experiment. In quantitative terms, the flavonoid apigenin was maximally determined on a medium with BAP 1 µM, and kaempferol - on media with BAP 5.0 µM, supplemented with auxins. For a medium with 7.5 µM BAP, the lowest variety of compounds was observed (9) and the lowest kaempferol content. Auxins influenced the synthesis of flavonoids. The amount of flavonoids in all variants of the experiment increased by an average of 13% in the presence of auxins. The stages of the technological process of obtaining raw materials I. sibirica Cambridge variety on the basis of clonal micropropagation and cultivation in aeroponics conditions allowed to obtain raw materials that do not contain heavy and toxic metals, are not infected with pathogens and pests. With 1 m2 of useful area of aeroponics for 1 year, it is possible to collect 5 times more raw materials than with field cultivation. According to the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds, aeroponic raw materials are identical to intact plants.

The article presents the results of an experimental assessment of the peculiarities of the water regime of 9 species of the genus Iris L. growing in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute UFRC RAS (I. sibirica L., I. pseudacorus L. ‒ species of native flora, I. aphylla L., I. biglumis Vahl., I. lacteal Pall., I. orientalis Mill., I. ruthenica Ker-Gawl., I. setosa Pall., I. spuria L. ‒ introduced species). The purpose is a comparative evaluation of the main parameters of the water regime within the generic complex and depending on the detection of meteorological factors in different phenological periods. Methods. Studies were performed in growing periods 2019–2020’s physiological using conventional techniques (artificial saturation method and wilting). Made a detailed analysis of daily and seasonal dynamics of the water regime of the three parameters: the total water content, water-holding capacity, water scarcity. Typical forest species Convallaria majalis L. was investigated for a comparative analysis of water regime indicators. Results. The similarities and differences in the peculiarities of the water regime were established between the studied species, the dependence of the indicators on meteorological conditions was revealed. According to the type of water regime cultivars were divided into four groups: a flexible water-quiet mode ‒ I. pseudacorus, flexible water-tight mode ‒ I. sibirica, I. ruthenica, stably-calm water mode ‒ I. aphylla, I. biglumis, I. setosa, stably-tight water mode ‒ I. spuria, I. lactea, I. orientalis. Among the studied parameters of water scarcity was the most dependent on meteorological factors. Scientific novelty. The study helps to identify ecological and physiological adaptations of exotic species in comparison with the native species that could become the basis for assessing the prospects of growing in the culture and conservation of rare and endangered species.

Introduction. The iris is involved in maintaining the ocular hydrodynamic homeostasis as one of the elements of the anterior chamber angle of the eye. From there, the iris is one of the parts of its drainage area. The anterior chamber angle’s structure can predispose to an increase in intraocular pressure and thereby provoke the development of primary angle-closure glaucoma, a disease accompanied by clogging of the drainage area of the eye and, accordingly, an increase in intraocular pressure.Objective. To analyse the viscoelastic properties of the iris in primary angle-closure glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma.Materials and methods. The study material was a fragment of the iris obtained through iridectomy in the course of sinus trabeculectomy, which is considered the treatment for glaucoma surgery. A total of 43 samples (43 patients) were obtained and analysed, with 20 samples obtained from patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (group 1), and 23 samples from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (group 2). A standard ophthalmological examination, which included visometry, autorefractometry, tonometry, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy, was carried out. The special examination included static perimetry, gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy or optical coherence tomography of the anterior chamber angle, optical coherence tomography of the disk of optic nerve.Results and discussion. The avascular part of the stroma (designated by us as S) is the most rigid part of the iris, according to the study. It is characterized by the greatest efforts of the viscous dynamic resistance to the indenter (0.4–2.0 gf/мм2 × S), as well as the maximum integral tensile strength (up to 4.9 × 10-2 N). The inner (vascular) part of the stroma has the lowest dynamic viscosity, according to this study.Conclusion. The samples vary enormously both in the biomechanical characteristics and relative thickness of this layer. It was observed that this biomechanically incompetent structure completely collapses and ceases to exist in partial dehydration of the sample.

The paper describes the details of observation and surgical treatment of a patient with an established diagnosis of melanoma of the iris and ciliary body. The presence of neoplasm growth signs required a surgical treatment, which helped preserve the eye and its visual functions. Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a modern informative method for observing neoplasms of the iridociliary zone. A timely performed block excision provides a good anatomical and functional result.

Essentially mesodermal iris dystrophy (EMID) is a type of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome and has a chronic progressing character. It is observable after a local fibrosis is formed in the outer border of the iris, which subsequently causes the peripheral iris to pull up and leads to pupil deformation.Purpose: to evaluate the outcome of modern high-tech surgical treatment, which improves visual functions, prevents the decompensation of intraocular pressure and ensures a cosmetic effect.Materials and methods. Patient R., 48 yrs, was diagnosed with OU EMID, low hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. In order to prevent the development of secondary glaucoma and correct refractive anomalies, the patient was subjected to phacoemulsification with implantation of a multifocal toric IOL, synechiotomy, and iris plastic surgery. MTIOL was calculated using the VERION™ Image Guided System navigation computing complex (Alcon, USA) and the IOLMaster® 700 optical biometer (Carl ZEISS, Germany).Results. In early post-surgery period, the patient noted an increase in visual acuity, stabilized by the 6th month, a significant decrease of undesirable optical phenomena (glare, halo) and was satisfied with the postoperative cosmetic result. The level of intraocular pressure also stabilized by the 6th month after surgery and remained within the reference range by the 9th month. No intraoperative complications were observed. Control UBM scans showed transparent OU cornea, anterior chamber being shallower than the average depth, exfoliated stroma of the iris, moderate anterior chamber angle, intact ciliary body, centrally located pupil, IOL in capsule bag.Conclusion. The case describes a successful outcome of surgical treatment of a rare variety of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, increase in visual functions, achievement of the desired cosmetic effect, and improvement in the quality of life of the working age patient.

The article presents a lingvocognitive research and deals with the study of metatext as a means of representing the author’s worldview. The author of the study describes and systematizes the ways by which metatextuality reveals itself in a literary text. The material is taken from the novel Word Child by Iris Murdoch in which meta-language reflection is expressed evidently. Cognitive approach, used in the study of metatext, brings the research to the level of metacognition and provides a wider interpretation of both the forms of metatextual commentary in the text and their function in the reconstruction of the author’s individual world vision.

Yellow-flag iris (Iris pseudacorus L.) is a nonnative, invasive wetland plant that disrupts riparian ecosystem processes and is widely distributed across the United States and Canada. Due to its physiological and morphological characteristics, I. pseudacorus has the capacity to exclude native vegetation and form extensive monocultures in both lotic and lentic wetland systems. Methods commonly used to manage I. pseudacorus include manual (e.g., hand pulling, digging) and mechanical (e.g., mowing) treatments for small populations and herbicide applications for larger populations; however, herbicide applications near water may be prohibited due to label restrictions. The objective of this research was to evaluate cattle trampling as a nonchemical method to reduce I. pseudacorus in riparian habitats. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the effects of inundation and two different timings of simulated trampling on I. pseudacorus density, height, and soluble sugar concentrations in the rhizomes. A complementary field demonstration was established on a ranch in northwestern Nebraska to evaluate cattle trampling effects on I. pseudacorus density and height after two consecutive years. Simulated cattle trampling in the greenhouse had no effect on I. pseudacorus density or height of non-inundated samples. However, combining trampling with inundation reduced I. pseudacorus density from a median of 10 I. pseudacorus per pot to 0 I. pseudacorus per pot and median height from 0.35 m to 0 m by the conclusion of the study. Additionally, the field demonstration resulted in reductions of both density and height of I. pseudacorus after two consecutive years (72% and 67% reduction, respectively). Soluble sugar concentrations were not impacted by any treatment.

Biometric system is a development of the basic method of identification system by using the characteristics of humans as it’s object. These include face, fingerprints, signature, palms, iris, ears, sounds even DNA. Face recognition is one of the identification techniques in biometrics that uses part of the face as its parameter. One of the biometric parts of face is Iris. Iris is a unique part of the eyes, this is because the pattern of the somebody eyes will be quite different from the other, even genetically identical twins have different iris patterns. This research will use the Hough and Gabor method to perform iris recognition. The results show that the application has succeeded in recognizing the selected eye image if the eye image is registered in the database.

Background Anterior segment surgeries such as cataract surgery, intraocular lens (IOL) repositioning, and radial keratotomy (RK) may hasten endothelial dysfunction, particularly in the context of pre-existing Fuchs dystrophy, necessitating future corneal transplantation. Case presentation A 68-year-old woman with a history of RK with associated irregular astigmatism in both eyes and iris-fixated intraocular lens (IF-IOL) in the left eye presented with six months of decreased vision in the left eye. She was found to have Fuchs dystrophy and underwent DMEK surgery. She had an uncomplicated postoperative course, with uncorrected visual acuity improving to 20/20 three months after surgery. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a highly successful DMEK surgery in a patient with prior RK and IF-IOL.

Accurate segmentation and parameterisation of the iris in eye images still remain a significant challenge for achieving robust iris recognition, especially in off‐angle images captured in less constrained environments. While deep learning techniques (i.e. segmentation‐based convolutional neural networks (CNNs)) are increasingly being used to address this problem, there is a significant lack of information about the mechanism of the related distortions affecting the performance of these networks and no comprehensive recognition framework is dedicated, in particular, to off‐angle iris recognition using such modules. In this work, the general effect of different gaze angles on ocular biometrics is discussed, and the findings are then related to the CNN‐based off‐angle iris segmentation results and the subsequent recognition performance. An improvement scheme is also introduced to compensate for some segmentation degradations caused by the off‐angle distortions, and a new gaze‐angle estimation and parameterisation module is further proposed to estimate and re‐project (correct) the off‐angle iris images back to frontal view. Taking benefit of these, several approaches (pipelines) are formulated to configure an end‐to‐end framework for the CNN‐based off‐angle iris segmentation and recognition. Within the framework of these approaches, a series of experiments is carried out to determine whether (i) improving the segmentation outputs and/or correcting the output iris images before or after the segmentation can compensate for some off‐angle distortions, (ii) a CNN trained on frontal eye images is capable of detecting and extracting the learnt features on the corrected images, or (iii) the generalisation capability of the network can be improved by training it on iris images of different gaze angles. Finally, the recognition performance of the selected approach is compared against some state‐of‐the‐art off‐angle iris recognition algorithms.

An 80-year-old Japanese man presented with decreased vision in his right eye (OD) after every hemodialysis (HD) session beginning several months previously. His local ophthalmologist prescribed antiglaucoma medications because of high intraocular pressure (IOP) (38 mm Hg) OD 4 months previously; with treatment, the IOP fluctuated between 6 and 34 mm Hg OD. When hospitalized, the IOP was measured, and the anterior chamber was observed by anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) before and after HD. Before HD, the IOP levels were 7 mm Hg OD and 8 mm Hg in the left eye (OS). AS-OCT showed marked anterior iris bowing due to circumferential posterior synechia OD. The scan showed irido-trabecular contact (ITC) in the nasal angle and not the temporal angle OD. Immediately after HD, the IOP levels were 28 mm Hg OD and 12 mm Hg OS; AS-OCT showed ITC in the nasal and temporal angles OD. Since the iris bombe and HD-induced increase in the ITC were expected to have caused the IOP spike and blurred vision, posterior synechialysis and goniosynechialysis were performed OD. Postoperatively, the iris plane flattened; no IOP spike was recorded, and the blurred vision after HD resolved. At 22 months postoperatively, the IOP was 7 mm Hg in both eyes (OU). No deterioration of visual acuity and visual field was recorded during the follow-up period OU. IOP spikes can occur during and after HD because of transient anterior chamber angle obstruction in cases with narrow angles. AS-OCT is useful for detecting minor morphologic changes in the anterior chamber angle during HD.

Iris retraction syndrome (IRS) is an uncommon condition caused by retinal detachment that is characterized by back bowing of the peripheral iris, leading to a deep anterior chamber. It is commonly associated with ocular hypotony, ciliochoroidal detachment, and anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We describe a case of a 66-year-old man presenting with 2 weeks of right eye pain, redness, and iris heterochromia. The patient was diagnosed with IRS secondary to a chronic retinal detachment. Initial management with topical steroids and mydriasis allowed resolution of the iris retraction and heterochromia, normalization of intraocular pressure, and improvement of choroidal detachment. Subsequent vitrectomy with endolaser and oil tamponade led to successful detachment repair. Initial pharmacologic management allows a more controlled approach to the repair of retinal detachment associated with IRS. The patient’s presentation is consistent with the hydrodynamic hypothesis of IRS.

Purpose Prosthetic iris devices have recently been used to improve cosmesis and reduce glare in aniridia. There is currently no consensus on which prosthetic iris device or which surgical approach is preferred for managing large iris defects. Methods A novel surgical approach with Gore-Tex polytetrafluoroethylene sutures was used to achieve scleral fixation of an intraocular lens and artificial iris complex in a 19-year-old Caucasian female patient with aniridia, nystagmus, cataracts, and ectopia lentis. Results Six weeks postoperatively, the intraocular lens-artificial iris complex remained well centered, and the vision in the left eye improved from 20/400 to 20/70. Two years after prosthetic iris device implantation, there have been no complications. Conclusion This case demonstrates a promising proof-of-concept for long-term management of complicated aniridia cases using an intraocular lens and artificial iris complex prosthetic iris devices. Gore-Tex sutures may be preferable to conventional polypropylene sutures because of their improved durability.

PURPOSE: To compare the iris parameters (iris thickness [IT] and volume) measured at different locations on iris determined using iris base (IB) and scleral spur (SS) in healthy Saudi eyes and factors affecting the differences. METHODS: Healthy eyes of Saudi persons were evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The IT was measured using Image J software and OCT scans in the horizontal axis in light on and light off condition. First IB was used as reference, and then, SS was used as reference for these measurements. RESULTS: One hundred healthy eye's AS-OCT scan was studied. The IT at the temporal side of the horizontal axis at 750 μ away from IB with lights on was 0.526 ± 0.08 μ, whereas it was 0.52 ± 0.08 μ from SS. The difference was significantly more in IB than SS method (P = 0.005). This difference if IT in SS and IB method was not affected by gender (Mann–Whitney P = 0.3), type of refractive error (K W P = 0.7), and level of illumination (K W P = 0.7). CONCLUSION: IT and IV measured using IB provided reliable data but overestimates compared to SS method. In the absence of SS visibility, IB could be alternative to assess iris parameters.

Purpose: To report a management of challenging case of phacoemulsification in cataract with subluxated lens. Methods: A 63 male patient referred to RSDS with secondary lens induced glaucoma and cataract with subluxation around 210O on left eye. Patient was planned to undergone Phacoemulsification with combination of CTR and Iris Hook for lens extraction. Result: Postoperative result is satisfactory with minimal corneal edema. After 6 weeks of follow-up uncorrected vision is 5/8 with correction of S+0.25 became 5/5 and IOP is stable at 17 mmHg and the IOL was in placed in the bag and well centered. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification with iris hooks combined with CTR is one of surgery option that is safe and widely attainable for cataract with subluxated lens.

Alteration of the intraocular pressure (IOP) has an important role in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, especially at the level of the lamina cribrosa. The stresses and strains at the head of the optic nerve, where it attaches to the sclera, develop the glaucoma in the eye. Although so far several studies were conducted to study the effects of IOP on the optic nerve head (ONH) biomechanics in glaucoma, there is still a lack of information about the magnitudes of the stresses and strains at the ONH connection to sclera position in the presence of all the components of the eye. This study, therefore, intended to investigate the IOP-related stress and strain on the ONH in glaucoma. To do that, our well-established fluid–structure interaction model of the eye was employed and the IOP of 5 kPa (37.50 mmHg) was applied to the interior surface of the sclera, where the vitreous body is in interaction with the eye components. The results showed that stress and strain of 31.97 kPa and 0.37%, respectively, at the ONH to sclera position. The highest stress and strain of 217.60 kPa and 15.07%, respectively, were observed in the anterior of the eye globe, where the lens, ciliary body, iris, aqueous body, and cornea are located. These results could be used not only for understanding of the stresses and strains of the eye globe in glaucoma, but also give comprehensive information to the ophthalmologists to clarify the impact of a high IOP on the stress and strain of the ONH.